EP2493779B1 - Verpackungsbehälter mit überdruckablass, verpackungsverfahren und system - Google Patents

Verpackungsbehälter mit überdruckablass, verpackungsverfahren und system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2493779B1
EP2493779B1 EP10779577.5A EP10779577A EP2493779B1 EP 2493779 B1 EP2493779 B1 EP 2493779B1 EP 10779577 A EP10779577 A EP 10779577A EP 2493779 B1 EP2493779 B1 EP 2493779B1
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Prior art keywords
air
bag
channel
vent
package
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2493779A1 (de
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Zoltan Mandzsu
Jozsef Id. Mandzsu
József IFJ. Mandzsu
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
    • B65D33/01—Ventilation or drainage of bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B1/20—Reducing volume of filled material
    • B65B1/22—Reducing volume of filled material by vibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B1/20—Reducing volume of filled material
    • B65B1/24—Reducing volume of filled material by mechanical compression

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the packaging of granular bulk solids, containing fine powder, into plastic bags, and particularly to methods and plastic packaging containers such as bags useful for such packaging, preferably in the industrial packaging of pulverulent bulk solids, like cement, into heavy duty shipping bags.
  • Products containing fine powder components such as cement, tile adhesives, dry concrete mix, lime powder, dry milk, cocoa etc.
  • air i.e., in a form of an air-solid mixture.
  • the bag contains more air than the granular solid material, therein, would store in its finally compacted state. Therefore such packages must be compacted so that they can then be safely palletized. That makes it necessary to conduct air out of the bags after they are filled and closed. Bags made of polymer film have several advantages (e.g.
  • the typically used venting means comprise a venting air-channel provided between two film plies, both the inner and outer film plies being perforated for breathing on the one hand, and the perforations preferably being provided in an offset or staggered manner to force the air to be conducted along a winding path in the air-channel, for dust retaining, on the other hand.
  • the vent is always used in the top bag wall panel of the package so that it can conduct out the air which is always collected in the top region of the package. It means that in practical use the package must be suitably oriented for venting, with its vent being on top. Good examples are provided in patent documents US 3,628,720 and EP 1600 399 . It is popular to use spacer means (e.g.
  • Fine powder products are traditionally known to be time-efficiently packed in valve bags, mainly of porous paper but partly also in vented plastic valve bags.
  • Every prior art document we know of, dealing with the filling of aerated fine powdery products into polymer film bags provided with vent means teaches to do the filling as fast as possible and, in order thereof, to use, as much as possible, the dustretaining vent means of the polymer bag for conducting the excess air out of the bag already during the filling operation, as for example in German utility patent DE8133295U1 , US 2007/0248291A1 , US 3,937,395 , EP 0444261B1 , US 5,493,844 , US 4,441,209 , US 4,930,904 , US 4,672,684 , German utility patent G9110645.1U1 , DE4033499A1 , WO 88/08816 , WO 2005/092724A1 and US 4,759,641 .
  • Patent application US 20050281493A1 deals with the packaging of fine-dusty and moisture-sensitive granular products, and sets the goal of fulfilling the demand for a lowcost packaging container, for building materials, cement and similar aerated materials, which container can reliably protect these products from contamination and moisture and relieves the overpressure, typical of these products, during and/or after said products are filled in.
  • the document does not mention any respects in which relieving the pressure during the filling would be better or worse than relieving the pressure after the filling and as concerning "after the filling" it does not mention any waiting after the filling before pressure is started to be relieved.
  • a packaging container comprising: a flexible plastic wall which comprises a region having an interior wall and an exterior wall, said region being defined by means of at least one sealed or glued seam, wherein the interior wall comprises one or more openings having a size sufficient to allow gas to escape from an interior portion of the container and to enter into the region between the interior and exterior walls, wherein said at least one sealed or glued seam defining said region has in at least a partial region a reduced degree of bonding sufficient to allow gas to escape in response to a predetermined pressure.
  • the document does not mention any particular value as for the said predetermined pressure, but the solutions, taught therein, of weakening the seam (such as Corona pre-treating, applying a partial release layer of lacquer etc.) make it possible for the skilled person to technically freely select any desired seam strength level from zero to hundred percent closing strength.
  • the document teaches that there are adhesive forces in the weakened seam and only if the adhesive forces in the weakened seam are overcome by a difference in pressure, such as the overpressure developing during or after filling, will the seam open and release said overpressure, thus venting the bag in a controlled manner.
  • the document teaches to prefer form-fill-seal (hereinafter referred to as "FFS”) packaging for its low cost.
  • FFS form-fill-seal
  • its plastic bag reliably protects packed products from contamination and/or moisture getting into the bag because the venting seam (unlike earlier vent exit opening solutions, always being uniformly open) only opens due to a certain overpressure which can only arise from inside the bag (during as well as after filling) but evidently never, in practice, from outside the bag.
  • the document says that contaminants can not enter the interior region since, after the overpressure has been relieved, the interior and exterior films are arranged tightly on top of each other, being fixed in this position by adhesive forces.
  • the document teaches that even the escape of very fine particles from the bag is practically impossible through the weakened seam, which can be attributed to the fact that the adhesive forces acting between the films, which are only in part firmly connected to each other, produce a certain degree of adhesion even without a securely sealed or glued connection and thus the venting seam is partially gas permeable.
  • the vented bag of US 20050281493A1 is taught to prevent dust from leaving the bag and moisture from entering the bag, apparently at selecting any predetermined, positive limit-value of overpressure at which the vent seams are designed to open in a controlled manner.
  • Patent application US 20080257450 A1 provides an "FFS" packaging apparatus that appears to satisfy a long-felt market demand making the throughput of "FFS" packing of fine powders into open top bags competitive with that of the known porous paper valve bag technology.
  • the objective of the document is a form-fill-seal packaging apparatus for filling aerated fluidized powder products into open top bags fast. It is clear from the document that with using a sufficient number, for example 10 or more, of rotating filling sub-units, the overall output of the packaging can be very high (probably as high as with FFS packaging of non-dusty solids) and can be estimated by a skilled person to possibly reach a cycle time as short as about 3 to 4 seconds per package.
  • Multiwall venting air-channels have been used in order that fine powder product components be prevented at least partly from getting, together with the air, out to the environment.
  • These venting channels capture and retain dust and therefore they will necessarily accumulate and contain more or less dust in the end. That fact is confirmed, for example, in patent document US 3,628,720 .
  • the fact that venting air-channels accumulate in themselves dust only appears as a problem in the prior art either with respect to a potential blocking thereof (which stops venting) or because dust can potentially get out to the environment.
  • prior art solutions endeavor, on the one hand, to increase the dust holding capacity of the venting channels (e.g.
  • thermoplastic film pieces Prior to re-extrusion, re-collected plastic bags are chopped into pieces or flakes which are then washed in water in order that any heavier dirt, attached inside and outside the pieces of bag wall, be gravity-sorted from the polymer (i.e. sink in the water).
  • the thermoplastic film pieces are then dried and fed into an extruder where the plastic is melted and pressed through a metal mesh filter, positioned at the exit of the extruder, in order of removing any foreign material from the thermoplastic before its re-pelletizing.
  • a metal mesh filter positioned at the exit of the extruder
  • the residual powder also enters and travels along the extruder and is finally retained in the mesh filter which is a drawback because it necessitates frequent filter changes in spite of a careful pre-washing.
  • the price of the packaging bag makes up a surprisingly considerable part of the price of the relatively inexpensive packed product.
  • drawbacks caused thereby i.e., loss of material for the user, pollution of the environment, increased costs of filtering in the recycling, accelerated wear of the recycling extruder.
  • plastic packaging container that is especially suitable for use with our invented method, especially with preferred embodiments thereof, and which, in particular, has improved dust retaining venting means suitable to help to vent the bag with a reduced quantity of accumulated residual powder. It is also our objective to provide systems comprising novel plastic packaging bag and granular contents packed therein.
  • vented plastic bags prior to US 20050281493A1 those with vents venting without any pressure limit-value, would essentially surely and fully deflate, after the stacking, by themselves in the long run in response to the weight of the upper packages and mainly because even a mere weight of the loose top bag wall could expel essentially all surplus air from the package in the long run.
  • the filled-in contents of the bag typically comprise an essentially homogeneous fluid even if the filling is done without the aid of transportation air.
  • valve bag filling as well as of FFS filling, essentially immediately after the closing, the package is placed on a surface in a lying position, i.e. it is typically laid down, with a relatively large impulse, on a table, a conveyor or any similar surface, which can be horizontal or inclined.
  • the solid contents are inevitably mixed with the air contents both together forming a homogeneous fluidized mass behaving like water, or a very thin paste, and filling up the inner filling-space of the bag.
  • the laying down of the package usually generates therein an internal pressure higher than before, i.e. higher than when the bag was suspended and/or supported and being filled. This is usually due to the shape of the bag being changed, i.e. due to the surface/volume ratio of the bag being higher at its brick-like shape in the laid-down position than at its more sphere-like or more cylinder-like shape in a (usually suspended and/or propped-up) filling position.
  • the size of the outer surface of the bag is essentially constant and its available volume gets smaller.
  • its available volume in its said brick-like form is usually designed to only be sufficient for the compacted solid contents rather than for the aerated contents and that pressurizes the aerated package when it is laid down.
  • venting means i.e. those always releasing any gas available for escaping thus venting in an uncontrolled manner as compared to the controlled manner of US 20050281493A1 ) immediately start to vent the bag and vent it fast, due to the relatively high initial internal overpressure.
  • the FFS apparatus of US 20080257450A1 provides essentially zero overpressure above the level of the fluid contents of the bag at the moment it is closed in a suspending orientation. A moment later, the package is released from the suspending and supporting and is suddenly turned to lie down which, on the one hand, horizontally equalizes and stirs up the contents and causes the whole internal space of the bag to essentially be full of homogeneous fluid (air-solid mixture) and which, on the other hand, creates a definite overpressure in the bag which is then maintained in the absence of any essential venting, in accordance with our recognition. As the vents resist the internal overpressure, not any air leaves the bag, not any air enters the air-channel.
  • the solid material immediately starts to separate from the air-solid mixture.
  • powdery contents settle in the said bottom of the package and air rises into the top region thereof.
  • a phase border appears in the bag between the two (gas and solid) phases and gets more and more definite.
  • the essence of our method invention is a packing method in which
  • the packing method can for example be implemented manually or with a mechanized packaging line.
  • the provided granular product is necessarily suitable to be mixed with gas.
  • Many such product types are known, generally known to have fine particle sizes, e.g. flour, cocoa powder, cement etc..
  • the package can for example be produced by packing the quantity of the granular product mixed with gas into a packaging bag in any suitable known way, e.g. manually or automatically, preferably in an FFS process (FFS is preferred to the traditional individual-valve-bag approach not only on a cost basis but also because state-of-the-art FFS is more adapted to provide low or zero overpressure in the bag at the closing thereof).
  • FFS FFS is preferred to the traditional individual-valve-bag approach not only on a cost basis but also because state-of-the-art FFS is more adapted to provide low or zero overpressure in the bag at the closing thereof).
  • the packing generally includes a suitable closing of the bag after it is filled in order of preventing an essential loss of filling material, which closing can for example be closing a filling valve of a valve bag or, preferably, closing the open mouth of the bag with welding or adhering or sewing or with other methods.
  • the packaging bag comprises a flexible plastic (i.e. one or both of suitable synthetic and natural polymer) wall which comprises a vent for conducting gas from an inside of the bag into an air-channel and from the air-channel to an outside of the bag, which in itself is generally known to the skilled person familiar with plastic packaging bags provided with dust retaining, pocket-like, double-wall or multiwall vents.
  • the vent is adapted to vent the bag if the bag is suitably oriented, i.e. if the bag is in a suitable venting orientation.
  • a vent incorporated in a bag wall will typically be adapted to suitably vent the bag if the bag is oriented in a manner in which the said bag wall is atop the bag, or is at least partly above the rest of the bag.
  • the bag of the package is in a suitable venting orientation if the gas in it is adapted to be at least partly adjacent to an internal venting means of the vent.
  • the air-channel is defined by air-channel-walls of the vent and is typically adapted to provide a path for gas, at least partly in and along the air-channel between the air-channel-walls.
  • the vent comprises suitable internal venting means for conducting gas from inside the bag into the air-channel, the internal venting means possibly constituted for example, as taught in the prior art, by aperture(s) or perforation(s) in an air-channel-wall, for conducting air from the inner filling-space of the bag into the air-channel.
  • the internal venting means can, alternatively, be constituted for example by suitably formed sealed or glued seam(s) having reduced degree of bonding sufficient to allow gas to enter from the inner filling-space of the bag into the air-channel, and thereby for example to escape from the package, in response to a suitable internal pressure.
  • the vent is at least partly defined by means of one or more sealed or glued seams having in at least a partial region a reduced degree of bonding sufficient to allow gas to escape in response to a suitable pressure, which is known, for example, from the aforementioned prior-art document US 20050281493A1 .
  • Such seam(s) can, as we said, constitute for example internal venting means and/or means for conducting gas from the air channel further towards the outside of the package.
  • this releasing of gas in response to a predetermined pressure can be achieved by reducing the bonding strength of the surface of the film, for example by means of a separation medium or Corona treatment.
  • a separation medium or Corona treatment is possible on one or more sides, over the entire surface or over a part of the surface only.
  • Suitable separation media are all media preventing the plastic film from completely sealing or gluing, such as oils, greases, paints, lacquers, powdery solids, or coatings of other agents that produce the desired effect.
  • a sealed seam includes for example a seam made with heat fusing or heat welding, e.g. hot-bar, high-frequency or ultrasonic welding.
  • the vent being at least partly defined means that the vent can thus either be purely defined by sealed or glued seams or edges bordering, for example, the air-channel-walls, or the vent can, for example, be partly also defined by other means such as folded edges where adjacent air-channel-walls meet, or any other suitable means can be provided.
  • the vent When the package is being closed, it is known to for example be in a generally more or less vertical, suspended and/or propped-up position whether made by FFS or individual-bags processes.
  • the package is reshaped by at least partially rearranging its contents, which is a generally known step and usually means in practice, for example, that the package is dropped on a horizontal or somewhat inclined surface and is tossed to lie down towards a generally more horizontal position of the package, i.e. is laid down, its contents are horizontally more evenly rearranged and thereby the package is generally flattened. Due to the contents of the bag most often being at this time in a generally fluid state, the package is most often generally relatively easily reshapable.
  • a turning of the package for example from a more or less vertical into a more horizontal orientation, is known to generally stir up the contents usually rendering it even more fluidized, flowable, if possible.
  • the term "the package is reshaped" means that the shape of the package is changed at least to some extent.
  • the at least partial rearranging of the contents may include redistributing at least a portion of the contents by, for example, moving, within the bag, the granular product and the gas horizontally and vertically as well as separating or mixing the gas and solid materials.
  • the reshaping of the package by an at least partial rearranging of its inner contents may for example involve moving the center of mass of the contents closer to a supporting surface supporting the package, which may, for example, also result in a reducing of a potential energy of the package.
  • the reshaping is suitable to provide the bag in a suitable venting orientation, which means that the package is reshaped and thereby the bag is either maintained in or rendered into such an orientation as is suitable for a venting thereof. It typically means, for example, that the reshaping is suitable to provide the bag in an orientation at which the gas or fluid in the package is adapted to be at least partly adjacent to the entirety or a part of the internal venting means.
  • the bag wall panel in which the vent is incorporated, is provided on the top of the package.
  • the reshaping is suitable to provide an overpressure in the package at least partly adjacently to internal venting means, i.e. at least partly adjacently to the entirety or one or more parts of the internal venting means, which means that the package is reshaped and thereby such overpressure is either maintained or created.
  • Suitably changing the shape of the package in practice usually rendering it closer to a brick-like shape), can be used to increase a pressure in the bag.
  • the extent of this increase in the absence of an essential loss of gas from the package, can depend for example on the extent to which the volume of the inner filling-space of the bag, available for the compressible gas contents of the bag, is reduced during the reshaping.
  • the more the bag is flattened by the reshaping the more the reshaping is suitable for increasing the internal pressure.
  • an overpressure (as relative to an ambient air pressure) is maintained in the gas or fluid inside the bag at least partly adjacently to the internal venting means, whose actual pressure value will depend on several factors including, for example, the pressure originally provided in the package before the reshaping, the quantity and specific weight of the material of the granular product, the compacted apparent density value as a parameter of the provided granular product, the relative air content of the contained air-solid mixture, the size and shape (e.g. the proportions of the three dimensions) of the reshaped bag as well as of the bag before its reshaping, the surface weight of the flexible plastic wall, especially of the top bag wall panel, of the packaging bag etc.
  • the seam in the reshaped package at least one of the said one or more sealed or glued seams has the said (reduced) degree of bonding sufficiently high and thereby the seam is adapted to at least partly withstand the said provided overpressure, at least for a pressure-keeping time of 1 second, by only allowing gas to essentially escape from the package at most in response to a suitable external squeezing of the package, notwithstanding that the bag of the package is provided in a venting orientation.
  • the built-in pressure-selective venting seam is formed in a manner that its bonding strength is relatively high, more exactly, is high enough to make the seam at least partly resist, for a certain period of time, the overpressure of the bag.
  • the minimal time interval of the at least partial resisting is usually implemented as a continuous uninterrupted time interval but it means accumulated time if the overpressure is, in the meantime, temporarily suspended for some reason, the reason possibly being for example a transient in the reshaping procedure or some effect originating from a separation-enhancing vibration etc..
  • the pressure-keeping time is a time interval which starts earliest when the package has been suitably reshaped to at least some extent, i.e., earliest when its contents have been rearranged to some extent and the bag of the package is in a venting orientation and there is suitable overpressure in the package.
  • the term "at least partly resist” means that the said seam of the reduced strength is adapted to, at least for as long as corresponds to the aforementioned uninterrupted or accumulated time parameter value, only allow gas to essentially escape from the reshaped package at most in response to a suitable external squeezing of the package which means that it is adapted to either essentially retain the gas (if the package is kept free from an external squeezing, for example, is left lying on a table or conveyor, or the package is only exposed to a suitably weak external squeezing), or allow gas to essentially escape only if there is an external squeezing of a suitable extent exerted on the package.
  • the seam of reduced strength is, at least during the specified time interval, strong enough to prevent any gas from essentially escaping from the reshaped and overpressurized package unless the package is suitably externally squeezed.
  • the resistance of the seam, to the overpressure being a function of time is realistic.
  • glued seams based on an (especially pressure sensitive) adhesive closing potentially get (under overpressure stress) weaker by time.
  • cross-welded seams created at the moment when the bag is closed i.e. immediately before the reshaping, potentially get stronger (due to a cooling and solidification) by time, especially in a fast FFS operation.
  • the latter definition value could be selected to be 8 seconds, more preferably 10 seconds, more preferably 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 25 seconds, even better 30 seconds.
  • the best solution is, as we said, if the seam is practically impermeable to the overpressurized gas during the pressure-keeping time unless the package is externally suitably squeezed.
  • the present invention provides the advantage that it makes the skilled person capable of selecting a time at which the gas is first conducted (or at least first essentially conducted) from the bag, by selecting a time when a suitable external squeezing is first applied to the bag.
  • a reshaping of the package includes flattening and vibrating.
  • Flattening here means making the package more flat-shaped than before.
  • the pressure-keeping time is a period of time of 1.5 seconds, more preferably 2 seconds, more preferably 2.5 seconds, more preferably 3 seconds, more preferably 3.5 seconds, more preferably 4 seconds, more preferably 4.5 seconds, more preferably 5 seconds, more preferably 10 seconds, more preferably 20 seconds, more preferably 30 seconds.
  • the advantage thereof is that it helps to keep the air-channel even cleaner in the end. (The seam could of course keep the pressure also for a much longer time, but keeping the pressure without squeezing/deflating longer than for example 24 hours, as a theoretical optional upper limit in the definition of the pressure-keeping time, would not add much further practical advantage in our method.)
  • our newly identified problem originates from stirred-up, airborne powder particles contents flowing into the air-channels during venting. After a mixing with air, some powder types settle from air quickly while others do not. Prior-art solutions did not set an objective to wait until the dust suitably settles, nor did they give good solutions for the waiting. Our said problem, and therewith also providing a good solution therefor, is especially difficult if the granular product is a slowly-settling material. We recognized that our problem to be solved, and therefore also the advantage of our solution, is especially significant with such granular products as are able to take up relatively much additional air and are also able to remain, for a time relatively long with respect to the duration of the filling process, in an aerated state, at rest.
  • the provided granular product is suitable to be mixed with air and thereby to be rendered into, and to remain, at rest, at least for 30 seconds, preferably at least for 45 seconds, more preferably at least 60 seconds, more preferably at least 90 seconds, more preferably at least 120 seconds, (preferably, however, at most 168 hours) in an aerated state in which an apparent density of the granular product is at most 98% (preferably at most 95%, more preferably at most 90%, more preferably at most 87%), (preferably, however, at least 15%) of an apparent density belonging to the granular product in a fully compacted state thereof, the latter meaning the apparent density that the granular product has when the granular product is in a fully compacted state.
  • This specification means that during the specified time interval (e.g. 30 seconds), which the product (about 1 kg of the product) spends at rest, in an opentop, e.g. cube-shaped, vessel in normal atmospheric pressure (i.e. free of artificial over- and underpressure, squeezing etc.), the apparent density thereof is allowed to increase but at the end of the specified time interval the apparent density must be at most the specified value (e.g. 98% of the compacted apparent density).
  • Apparent density is known to be the density of a loose or compacted granular material determined by dividing actual mass by volume occupied by the material including the voids which are in the material. A granular product is considered by a skilled person to be in a fully compacted state if it, left at rest in normal atmospheric pressure, is not losing any air any longer, i.e., if its apparent density is already constant in time.
  • our problem to be solved (namely to also lessen the wear of the recycling extruder in a recycling of the material of the used bag), and thereby also our solution, is more significant if the granular product contains any one or more of cement, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sand, mineral, stone, ore, metal and glass. Due to their very hard material combined with their usually very fine dust structure, the advantage of our method is especially significant if the granular product contains any one or more of cement, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide. Cement is a very abrasive material. It is manufactured to be applied in hydraulic reactions therefore it necessarily has very fine granules.
  • a product having very small granules makes, as we explained earlier, the advantage of our invention more significant, because of the increased surface tension effects. Due to a special combination of small particle size and an extremely abrasive character, cement and other granular products containing cement make the advantage provided by our method especially significant. Therefore it is preferable if at least 1 mass percent, preferably at least 2 mass percent, more preferably at least 3 mass percent of the granular product is cement. It can, for example, be Portland cement or any other kind of cement.
  • the technical prejudice prompts the skilled person to stack the packages as early as possible in order of reducing required time.
  • a conveyor which is usually used for forwarding the packages in a pipeline from the filling/reshaping station to the stacking station, a longer conveyor and therewith more room will be needed.
  • the technical prejudice will prompt the skilled person to stack, i.e. palletize, the packages as soon as they are deflated to such an extent at which they are already acceptably safely palletized.
  • the said extent of deflation does not mean a final full extent of deflation in the prior art.
  • the pressure-selective weakened seam potentially stops a spontaneous deflation generated by, for example, a weight of loose bag wall parts, as soon as the internal pressure drops to a limit-pressure at which the vent potentially closes. That can make it necessary in our method, after providing a certain settling time free of essentially releasing gas in accordance with the invention, to suitably squeeze the package in order of expelling as much (possibly already relatively purified) gas as possible.
  • the spontaneous deflation starting immediately when the package is first reshaped and pressurized, may conduct out much gas and early, and thereby the top bag wall panel may drop (spontaneously or by a little squeezing) onto the top surface of the granular matter at such an early time at which the latter is still essentially fluidized which causes fluidized matter (i.e. dusty air) to enter the air-channel.
  • the top bag wall panel, and therein some internal venting means e.g.
  • the advantage provided by our invention is especially significant if, in the method, after a reshaping of the package a settling time, which is a period of time of at least 1 second, is provided and after an end of the settling time the package is externally squeezed by pressing and abutting at least a part or parts, of a top bag wall panel at least partly comprising the vent, to a top surface of the granular product contents.
  • the settling time is a time interval which starts earliest when the produced package has been suitably reshaped to at least some extent, i.e., earliest when its contents have been rearranged to some extent and the bag of the package is in a suitable venting orientation and there is suitable overpressure in the package.
  • the top bag wall panel After the settling time the top bag wall panel is either entirely contacted with the level, the top, of the granular matter or only one or more parts of the top bag wall panel are pressed thereto.
  • the top bag wall panel is specified to at least partly comprise the vent. This is realistic since the skilled person will typically select, as the place of the vent, the bag wall panel designed to finally become a top bag wall panel under which the gas, separated from the solids, is collected in a form of a bubble.
  • the advantage of this method embodiment is, that due to the feature of possibly waiting for a period of time before we start to vent, internal venting means for conducting gas from inside the bag into the air-channel (e.g.
  • perforations possibly integrated into the top bag wall panel, can be pressed to and abutted on the top surface of the granular product contents with lower risks of polluting the air-channel because at the time of them being first abutted the said surface can already be relatively compacted.
  • the settling time is a period of time of at least 1.5 seconds, more preferably at least 2 seconds, more preferably at least 2.5 seconds, more preferably at least 3 seconds, more preferably at least 3.5 seconds, more preferably at least 4 seconds, more preferably at least 4.5 seconds, more preferably at least 5 seconds, more preferably at least 10 seconds, more preferably at least 20 seconds, more preferably at least 30 seconds.
  • the advantage thereof is that it helps to keep the air-channel even cleaner in the end.
  • the skilled person should use a packaging bag in which the at least one sealed or glued seam is adapted to sufficiently withstand the overpressure of the reshaped package for a sufficiently long time in accordance with the essence of our method invention and, also, during the settling time the package should be kept free from any external squeezing of such extent as would cause any gas to be essentially expelled through the at least one sealed or glued seam. It means that during the settling time the package is either kept free from external squeezing or is at most exposed to such external squeezing as is insufficient to essentially expel gas through the at least one sealed or glued seam.
  • the at least one sealed or glued seam is prevented from allowing gas to escape from the package. It is even more preferable if, in the method, during the settling time gas is prevented from escaping from the package.
  • the said external squeezing also includes compressing of opposed package sides.
  • the package rests on its bottom, and it has a top /opposing the bottom/ and it further has package sides.
  • That can be done, for example, with suitable pressing conveyors placed on the two sides of a path of the package.
  • the compressing of the individual package sides and also that of the top bag wall panel can all take place synchronously or at different moments.
  • the packaging bag is any of the novel packaging containers described below.
  • the most compacted, hardest parts are at the bottom of the package and the top surface of the granular product, the one to be contacted with the top bag wall panel comprising the vent, is the least compacted, in other words the most fluidized, softest or most aerated part of the bulk of the granular product.
  • the gas bubble filling the top portion of the inner space of the bag, above the granular product can be a definitely pure gas, very suitable for venting.
  • a first phase of a squeezing venting procedure can be accomplished without problems by conducting much of the aforementioned pure gas out of the package.
  • the granular product is, thanks to an earlier waiting for a suitably long time, typically compacted and hard enough to provide a suitable solid and definite abutting surface which prevents the bag wall portions from being too much immersed into the granular product, but is still aerated enough to conduct fluidized mixture (i.e. dusty gas) from the top layer of the granular product into the openings of the interior wall of the vent.
  • fluidized mixture i.e. dusty gas
  • the flow direction of this conducting is, in the prior art, generally normal to the top surface of the granular product (corresponding to the orientation of the openings, e.g. perforations, penetrating through the interior air-channel-wall).
  • Patent document US20080273820A1 provides a perforated film, comprising perforations of a size of at most 100 microns in order of an acceptably low powder leakage. Summing it up, it is known, from the prior art, to the skilled person that for retaining fine powders in vented bags, definitely fine perforation is needed, and that it is very difficult, in fact practically impossible to achieve an acceptable result by trying to retain fine particles from a fluid with interrupted seams.
  • the document teaches that the special weakened seam, acting as external venting means for conducting gas from the air-channel to an outside of the bag, is a very good filter, and even the escape of very fine particles is practically impossible through the weakened seam, which can be attributed to the fact that the adhesive forces acting between the films, which are only in part firmly connected to each other, produce a certain degree of adhesion even without a securely sealed or glued connection and thus the venting seam is partially gas permeable.
  • the width of the weakened seam is very small (see Fig. 3 . of US 20050281493A1 ).
  • the document further says that though it is possible to provide, as internal venting means, slits or other openings in the interior wall permitting gas penetration, preferably the openings in the interior wall are perforations made by needling.
  • the internal openings are preferably arranged such that the distance from the openings to the seam, allowing the gas to escape, is as long as possible, explicitly teaching the skilled person to take measures to keep fine dust from reaching the weakened seam. This also means a (not surprising) teaching for the skilled person that fine dust can, from the fluid, enter the air-channel even with fine perforations, like needle perforations, applied.
  • the preventing of the air-channel from getting loaded with dust is not based on filtering the fluid at the internal venting means but is, instead, based on providing, through the suitable use of suitably formed vents having weakened seams, a relatively pure (i.e. relatively dust-free) gas for conducting into the air-channel as a result of a previous separating procedure in which the solid and gas components are at least partly separated.
  • the essence of our product invention is a packaging container , comprising a flexible plastic wall which comprises one or more vents, the one or more vents
  • Packaging containers according to the invention are, among others, FFS tubes, center-folded FFS films (so-called half-tubes), block bags, open-mouth gusseted bags and flat sacks, valve sacks (glued and heat-sealed), hexagonal bottom sacks, automatic machine (flat) films, etc..
  • the flexible plastic (i.e. synthetic or natural polymer) wall can be single-layer or multiple-layer (for example coextruded or laminated) or a combination of both.
  • the bag wall comprises a vent or more vents, which can either be the usual flat vent having a generally flat air-channel (preferably with suitable spacers therein) defined by interior and exterior walls (most typically provided by overlapping bag wall panel edges) or any other, e.g. generally non-flat, structure comprised by the bag wall and adapted to suitably conduct gas from the inside of the container into an air-channel and from the air-channel to the outside of the container according to the invention.
  • the air-channel-walls can be of a general structure similar to, for example, that of US 20050281493A1 (without regard now to openings therein) or can be different, as long as they define an air-channel adapted to provide a path for gas, at least partly, in and along the air-channel between the air-channel-walls.
  • the vent comprises suitable internal venting means for conducting gas from inside the bag into the air-channel.
  • internal venting means can possibly be constituted for example, as taught in the prior art, by aperture(s) or perforation(s) in an air-channel-wall, for conducting air from the inner filling-space of the bag into the air-channel.
  • Internal venting means can, for further example, be constituted by suitably formed sealed or glued seam(s) having in at least a partial region a reduced degree of bonding sufficient to allow gas to enter from the inner filling-space of the bag into the air-channel in response to a suitable internal pressure, thereby allowing gas to escape.
  • external venting means for conducting gas from the air-channel to the outside of the bag it is known, for example, from the aforementioned prior-art document US 20050281493A1 , that the vent can be at least partly defined by means of at least one sealed or glued seam having in at least a partial region a reduced degree of bonding sufficient to allow gas to escape in response to a suitable pressure.
  • the skilled person could form the aforementioned sealed or glued seam (comprising, for example, one or more of corona treatment, lacquer layer, adhesive coating etc.) to have a (reduced) degree of bonding corresponding to any positive value in the range of 0 to 100 percent bonding strength as compared to the bonding strength achievable without the said reduction.
  • the prior-art prejudice prompts the skilled person to select a value definitely close to zero, as we explained earlier herein.
  • a sealed seam includes for example a seam made with heat fusing or heat welding, e.g. high frequency or ultrasonic welding.
  • the vent can thus either be purely defined by sealed or glued seams or edges bordering the air-channel-walls, or the vent can, for example, be partly also defined by other means such as folded edges in which adjacent air-channel-walls meet, or any other suitable means can be provided.
  • the novelty of the invention is an improvement in the vent which is essentially related to the specification of the internal venting means for conducting gas from inside the container into the air-channel. Namely, if, on the one hand, the vent is formed to comprise a region of the flexible plastic wall having an interior wall and an exterior wall then the vent is free of such openings which openings penetrate through an interior wall for conducting gas from inside the container into the region between interior and exterior walls.
  • the vent is formed to comprise a region of the flexible plastic wall having an interior wall and an exterior wall then the vent at most comprises openings other than openings penetrating through an interior wall for conducting gas from inside the container into the region between interior and exterior walls.
  • the internal venting means for conducting gas from inside the container into the air-channel
  • the interior wall can contribute to providing a spacer providing a free space for the gas-conducting, corresponding to a sum of the wall thickness of the interior wall and the height of possible spacer means in the opening, thanks to the top surface of the granular product possibly rendered, in a suitable packing process, solid enough to prevent the interior wall from essentially immersing into it.
  • any suitable vent structure can be selected other than the usual structure, more exactly other than a vent comprising a region of the flexible plastic wall having an interior wall and an exterior wall.
  • a simple solution can be, for example, forming an air-channel sharply projecting into the inner filling-space of the bag providing the projecting air-channel with a positive projection height, in which structure a flat envelope of the air-channel is essentially perpendicular to the bag wall to which it belongs, rather than parallel therewith (which is the case with the usual interior wall/exterior wall approach).
  • a projecting end edge of the air-channel can serve, during a squeezing in a packing process, as an abutting point, abutting on the top surface of the granular product and thus providing spacer means providing a space between the bag wall and the top surface of the granular product in which space the air can be conducted to the air-channel.
  • the skilled person will readily select air-channel-wall parameters (e.g. film base material and dimensions) suitable for this spacing.
  • the two air-channel-walls of this possible vent embodiment could be essentially symmetrical and both could be essentially normal to the bag wall to which they belong.
  • the air-channel-walls are thus neither interior nor exterior walls but they are side walls instead, which preferably comprise penetrating perforations to receive the aforementioned gas flow, arriving, in a packing process, parallel with the top surface of the granular product.
  • One or both of these air-channel-walls can as well be free of openings, in which case the internal venting means can comprise openings, for example, in the edge which borders the air-channel-walls, being formed, for example, as the aforementioned seam interruptions, as is described in the example later herein.
  • the advantage of the packaging container invention is that it, during an external squeezing of the package in a packing process, helps to conduct purified gas from the upper gas bubble into the air-channel directly, i.e. without conducting the said gas through a top layer of the granular product, by which it is suitable to help to vent the bag with a reduced quantity of accumulated residual powder.
  • the advantage of the aforedescribed invention is that it achieves our objective to provide a plastic packaging container that has improved dust retaining venting means suitable to help to vent the bag with a reduced quantity of accumulated residual powder.
  • the packaging container is preferably such as its internal venting means comprise one or more openings in a seam defining a vent.
  • a seam defining a vent means such a seam as takes part in defining one or more of the said one or more vents.
  • the packaging container is more preferably such as its internal venting means comprise at least one opening selected from a perforation in a folded seam, an interruption of a welding in a welded seam and an interruption of a gluing in a glued seam.
  • the said seam interruptions can be relatively short, for example having a length similar to, or not too much greater than, an air-channel-wall thickness, but the seam interruptions can theoretically be rather long as well, even potentially occupying the majority or even almost the whole of a total seam length.
  • the packaging container is preferably such as it has fibrous filter in at least a part or parts of an air-channel. Further it is preferable if at least a part or parts of the fibrous filter is contained in a sealed or glued seam having in at least a partial region the reduced degree of bonding. This has the advantage that the fibrous filter can take part in forming the reduced degree of bonding.
  • the at least one sealed or glued seam, of the reduced degree of bonding is a welded seam comprising the fibrous filter and flexible walls fixed to each other at least partly, and a material of at least one of the flexible walls fixed in the welded seam is incompatible for welding with a material of the fibrous filter fixed in the welded seam to an extent sufficient to provide a reduced degree of bonding.
  • a reduced degree of bonding can be provided, for example with providing different polyolefins for the welding in the seam.
  • the material of the fibrous filter fixed in the seam can be in a state in which its fibers are partly or completely fused and distorted.
  • the air-channel-wall can provide spacer means whose space size depends on a wall thickness of the air-channel-wall. Therefore (however a thick air-channel-wall is not necessary for the air-channel to work well) the packaging container is more preferably such as it has an air-channel-wall having at least partly a thickness of at least 70 microns (optionally limited to at most be, for example, 5000 microns). Also, as we could see, in any of these cases, any spacer means provided in the openings also help to keep the top bag wall, in a packing process, farther from the top of the granular solid, thus providing a space not only in the opening but also above the top surface of the granular solid.
  • the packaging container is more preferably such as it has spacer means provided in at least one of the one or more openings in a seam defining a vent.
  • the said spacer means preferably comprise one or both of a nonwoven and at least one projection of a projection height of at least 50 microns (optionally limited to at most be, for example, 5000 microns).
  • a bag containing an air-solid mixture and provided with a vent having a pressure selective weakened seam can more easily be handled in a way suitable for our objectives if the pressure selective weakened seam is strong enough, i.e. is adapted, to suitably safely withstand such overpressures (of the package) as may arise in the bag while the package is handled, before a final squeezing thereof (for a final venting), in the usual way in the industry, including for example filling, compacting, then closing, then dropping, tumbling, tossing, laying down, conveying, flattening and vibrating.
  • overpressures of the package
  • the actually arising overpressures depend on many circumstances, mentioned earlier hereinabove.
  • pressure values possibly defining, in any combination, the two ends of the interval from which the predetermined limit pressure could possibly be selected in case of need, depending on the circumstances, like filling weight, bag dimensions and bag wall thickness could, for example, include 0.0000001 bars, 0.000001 bars, 0.00001 bars, 0.0001 bars, 0.001 bars, 0.01 bars, 0.1 bars, 1.0 bar, and 10 bars.
  • the essence of our system invention is a system comprising a packaging bag containing a quantity of a granular product mixed with a gas, the packaging bag comprising a flexible plastic wall which comprises a vent, the vent
  • the packaging bag may be fully filled with the mixture but it is also possible that the packaging bag also contains other contents than the mixture, for example separated solids or gas.
  • the advantage of the system is that it, due to the reduced bonding strength of its pressure-selective vent being high enough, is easier to be processed into a compacted, vented package with a reduced degree of residual powder contamination.
  • the predetermined limit is selected from the interval between 0.001 bars and 10 bars, more preferably from the interval between 0.01 bars and 10 bars, even more preferably from the interval between 0.1 bars and 10 bars.
  • the upper limit of the interval is 1 bar rather than 10 bars.
  • Our system provides a more significant advantage over prior art, if at least 1 mass percent, preferably at least 2, more preferably at least 3, even more preferably at least 5 mass percent of the granular product has a granule size below 150 microns, preferably 100 microns, more preferably 50 microns, even more preferably 25 microns, even more preferably 10 microns, even more preferably 5 microns.
  • the granule size should preferably be greater than 0.05 microns, under which it is more difficult to suitably retain the dust.
  • the granular product contains any one or more of cement, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sand, mineral, stone, ore, metal and glass, preferably any one or more of cement, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide. It is preferable if at least 1 mass percent, preferably at least 2 mass percent, more preferably at least 3 mass percent of the granular product is cement. It can, for example, be Portland cement or any other kind of cement.
  • the filling mouth of the packaging bag is closed.
  • the packaging bag is a packaging container according to any of the embodiments of our product invention.
  • Example 1 a packaging container
  • This example packaging container is an open-mouth flat bag 1. It comprises two opposed, 150-micron thick coextruded polyethylene bag walls 2, a top open mouth 3 and a cross welded bottom 4.
  • One of the bag walls 2 comprises two vents 5, each adapted to conduct air from inside of the bag 1, from its filling space 15, into an air-channel 6 and from the air-channel 6 to the outside 7 of the bag 1.
  • the construction of the vent 5 is such as the vent 5 has two, generally parallel air-channel-walls between which the vent 5 has an air-channel 6 adapted to provide a path for air in and along the air-channel 6 between the a ir-channel-walls.
  • One of the air-channel-walls is constituted by the bag wall 2 and the other air-channel-wall is a 100-micron thick polyethylene film tape, connecting the bottom 4 edge 14 and the open mouth 3 and fixed to the inner surface 8 of the bag wall 2 with sealed seams 9.
  • the air-channel 6 is defined by two side seams 9 (being welded seams) parallel with the film tape and generally connecting the bottom 4 edge 14 and the open mouth 3 and the air-channel 6 is further defined by a pressure-sensitively adhered cross-seam 9 in the bottom 4 edge 14 and further by the open mouth 3.
  • the open mouth 3 is adapted to be closed with a cross welding which will complete the defining of the air-channel 6 by closing the other end thereof.
  • the skilled person can select a bonding strength and durability in accordance with the given application, for example using the teaching of US 20050281493A1 .
  • the cross-seam 9 at the bottom 4 provides in the vent 5 external venting means for conducting air from the air-channel 6 to the outside 7 of the bag 1 in response to the aforementioned pressure provided.
  • the interruptions provide internal venting means 10, and provide openings for directly conducting air from inside the bag 1 into the air-channel 6.
  • the structure of both of the vents 5 is such as the vent 5 is formed to comprise a region of the flexible plastic bag 1 wall 2 having a 100-micron thick interior wall 11 and a 150-micron thick exterior wall 12.
  • the vent 5 is free of openings penetrating through the interior wall 11, because, as we said, the internal venting means 10 are provided as interruptions in the welding of the welded seam 9, between the interior wall 11 and exterior wall 12.
  • a fibrous filter 13 provided in the form of a spunbonded nonwoven sheet, at least partly containing polypropylene and of about 17 g/m 2 surface weight, placed in between the air-channel-walls, i.e. between the interior wall 11 and exterior wall 12, simultaneously being spacer means and fibrous filter 13.
  • the fibrous filter 13 is contained in the seam 9 having the reduced degree of bonding, at the bottom 4 of the bag 1.
  • Example 2 a packaging container
  • This example packaging container is an endless tube 44 for FFS packaging.
  • the container is formed from a flexible plastic, for example polyethylene, film wall 2 that has been folded around a longitudinal direction, such that a vent 5, in the form of a region with an interior wall 11 and an exterior wall 12 (acting as air-channel-walls defining an air-channel 6 therebetween), is formed between two overlapping outer edges 14 of the film wall 2.
  • Two seams 9 extending in longitudinal direction fix the outer edges 14 of the film wall 2 to the film wall 2 portion overlapped therewith, and thereby a tube 44 (a so-called FFS tube 44) is formed, providing a filling-space 15 in the inside of the container.
  • the one of the longitudinal seams 9 ("inner seam 9", being the leftmost one of the two seams 9 in FIG's 2a and 2b) which is adjacent to the filling-space 15 of the container is a glued seam 9 and the other one of the longitudinal seams 9 ("outer seam 9", being the rightmost one of the two seams 9 in FIG's 2a and 2b), which is adjacent to the outside 7 of the container, is a welded seam 9.
  • the packaging container is to be provided with a welded seam 9 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, forming a bottom 4 and, after having been filled, with a welded seam 9, also perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, for closing the package 32.
  • the internal venting means 10 comprise openings formed by interruptions in the gluing of the glued longitudinal inner seam 9, and pressure-selective external venting means are constituted by pressure-selective seam portions 16, of reduced degree of bonding, in the welding of the outer seam 9, the pressure-selective seam portions 16 being arranged in a staggered, offset manner in relation to the openings of the inner seam 9.
  • the surface of the flexible walls 2 was treated with Corona discharge before welding and therefore in these pressure-selective seam portions 16 the seam 9 has a reduced degree of bonding sufficient to allow gas 29 to escape in response to a suitable predetermined pressure.
  • the surface part of the interior wall 11 adjacent to the air-channel 6 has a Corona-treated surface 17 which was treated with Corona discharge in an endless stripe in the longitudinal direction and thereby the aforementioned welded seams 9, later to be formed perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction to form a bottom 4 and mouth 3 of the container, will also contain, at the Corona-treated surface 17, pressure-selective seam portions 16 having a reduced degree of bonding sufficient to allow gas 29 to escape in response to a suitable predetermined pressure.
  • a fibrous filter 13, and simultaneously spacer means is constituted by a weldable polyethylene nonwoven inserted in the air-channel 6 between the interior wall 11 and the exterior wall 12, and also partly within the inner seam 9, and thus it also provides spacer means in the openings constituted by the interruptions in the glued inner seam 9.
  • the vent 5 is formed to comprise a region of the flexible plastic wall 2 having an interior wall 11 and an exterior wall 12 and the vent 5 is free of openings penetrating through an interior wall 11.
  • Example 3 a packaging container
  • This example packaging container is an open-mouth flat bag 1. It comprises two opposed bag walls 2 of a thickness of 150 microns, a top open mouth 3 and a cross welded bottom 4. One of the bag walls 2 comprises two vents 5, each adapted to conduct air from the inside of the bag 1 into an air-channel 6 and from the air-channel 6 to the outside 7 of the bag 1.
  • the construction of the vent 5 is such as the vent 5 has two air-channel-walls, generally parallel with the said one of the bag walls 2, of a thickness of 90 microns, between which the vent 5 has an air-channel 6 adapted to provide a path, for air, in and along the air-channel 6 between the air-channel-walls.
  • the air-channel 6 runs in a longitudinal direction and connects the bottom 4 and the open mouth 3.
  • the air-channel-walls form an air-channel 6 of a generally flat envelope shape.
  • outer air-channel-wall 18 is adjacent to, and generally abutting with, the inner surface 8 of the bag wall 2 to which the vents 5 belong and the other air-channel-wall (“inner air-channel-wall” 19) is adjacent to the filling-space 15 of the bag 1.
  • the outer air-channel-wall 18 and the inner air-channel-wall 19 meet in two longitudinal seams 9: one of them (the leftmost one in FIG 3b ) is a folded seam 9 and the other one (the rightmost one in FIG 3b ) is a welded seam 9.
  • the folded seam 9 is generally loose from the inner surface 8 of the bag wall 2 while the welded seam 9 is a seam 9 in which also the inner surface 8 of the bag wall 2 is welded to the outer air-channel-wall 18.
  • the air-channel 6 is thus defined by the said folded seam 9 and welded seam 9 and it is further defined by a welded cross seam 9 in the bottom 4 and further by the open mouth 3 .
  • the open mouth 3 is adapted to be closed with a cross welding which will complete the defining of the air-channel 6 by closing the other end thereof /not shown/.
  • the surface of the outer air-channel-wall 18 adjacent with the air-channel 6 is a lacquered surface 20, i.e.
  • Internal venting means 10 are constituted by perforation openings penetrating through the outer air-channel-wall 18 ( FIG. 3d ) and through the folded seam 9 ( FIG. 3c ).
  • the inner air-channel-wall 19 is, in both of the vents 5, free of perforations.
  • Embossed projections 21, of a projection height 22 of about 100 microns are provided as spacer means distributed uniformly and with a suitable closeness in the whole surface, adjacent to the inner surface 8 of the bag wall 2, of the outer air-channel-wall 18 as well as in the whole surface, adjacent to the air-channel 6, of the inner air-channel-wall 19.
  • Example 4 a packaging container
  • This example packaging container is an endless tube 44 for FFS packaging.
  • the container is formed from an endless flexible plastic flat film wall 2 with two side edges 14, by folding the film wall 2 around a longitudinal direction, and by adjoining the two symmetrical side edges 14 and folding them into an inside of the container FFS tube, as is illustrated in the relevant drawings (e.g. FIG 4a , 4c ).
  • Both wall 2 edges 14 project sharply, essentially perpendicularly from the inner surface 8 of the container wall 2 ("base surface"), into the filling-space 15 of the container with a positive projection height 22, corresponding to a projection height 22 of the vent 5.
  • the wall 2 edges 14, projecting into the filling-space 15, are fastened to each other with a welded, so-called distal seam 23 which is distal from the inner surface 8 of the container wall 2, i.e., from the base surface, and whose plane is generally normal to the base surface.
  • the wall 2 portions folded into the inside of the container are further adjoined in another welded, so-called proximal seam 24, which is adjacent to the inner surface 8 of the container wall 2, i.e., to the base surface , and whose plane is also generally normal to the base surface.
  • the parts, of the folded-in wall 2 portions, between the distal seam 23 and the proximal seam 24 constitute air-channel side-walls 45 and the air-channel 6 is defined by the air-channel side-walls 45, the distal seam 23 and the proximal seam 24.
  • the air-channel 6 thus has an envelope shape sharply projecting into the inner filling-space 15 of the container providing the projecting air-channel 6 with a positive projection height 22, in which structure the flat envelope of the air-channel 6 is essentially perpendicular to the portion of the tube 44 wall 2 to which it belongs.
  • the two air-channel side-walls 45 are essentially symmetrical and both are essentially normal to the container wall 2 to which they belong.
  • the packaging container Before being filled, the packaging container is to be provided with a welded bottom 4 seam 9 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, forming the bottom 4 and, after having been filled, with a welded mouth 3 seam 9, also perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, for closing a mouth 3 of the package 32.
  • the internal venting means 10 and external venting means are located between the place of the bottom seam 25 and the place of the mouth seam 26 and preferably as far from both as possible, at least as far from both where it is assured that the vent 5 is freely projecting into the filling-space 15 rather than being distorted by any of the bottom 4 seam 9 and mouth 3 seam 9.
  • the external venting means are constituted by pressure-selective seam portions 16 in the proximal seam 24 (see FIG. 4c ), in which the welded surface parts of the wall 2 were treated with Corona discharge to an extent suitable for providing the pressure-selective seam portions 16 with a reduced degree of bonding sufficient to allow gas 29 to escape in response to a suitable predetermined pressure.
  • the suitable extent can, for example, be found with trial and error at any given application.
  • the internal venting means 10 are constituted by perforation openings penetrating through the air-channel side-walls 45, preferably nearer to the proximal seam 24 than to the distal seam 23 (see FIG. 4e ).
  • the openings constituting the external venting means are formed in a staggered, offset manner in relation to the openings constituting the internal venting means 10.
  • Example 5 a packaging container
  • This example packaging container is an endless tube 44 for FFS packaging and differs from the container of Example 4 in that the internal venting means 10 are constituted by openings penetrating through the distal seam 23, the openings constituted by interruptions in the welding of the distal seam 23. In the interruptions embossed spacer projections 21 are provided for keeping the openings free for a gas-conducting.
  • the vent 5 is provided with a relatively lower projection height 22 at the interruptions and with a relatively larger projection height 22 elsewhere.
  • Example 6 a packing method
  • the granular product 27, provided, is a cement based dry adhesive powder, containing, among others, quartz sand, and with a total cement content of about 30 mass percent. At least about 1 mass percent of the adhesive powder has a granule size below 5 microns. At least about 10 mass percent of the adhesive powder has a granule size below 150 microns. In our separate test, such adhesive powder proved suitable to be mixed with air and thereby to be rendered into an aerated state in which an apparent density of the adhesive is about 79% of its apparent density in a fully compacted state thereof.
  • a packaging bag 1 according to Example 1 is provided. As it is shown in FIG. 6a ., the bag 1 is kept suspended and propped up with its open mouth 3 looking upwards. 25 kg's of the granular product 27 is prepared in a hopper 28 for filling. It is a solid state material in the hopper 28. As the granular product 27 is made to drop from the hopper 28, it immediately is mixed with gas 29 (air) and thereby a fluidized filling mixture, i.e.
  • a fluid 30 is provided, having an apparent density which is about 79% of the apparent density of the fully compacted adhesive powder.
  • the fluid 30 is filled into the packaging bag 1 through its open mouth 3.
  • FIG. 6b after the filling, the open mouth 3 of the bag 1 is closed with a cross seam 9 by welding means 31. Under the cross seam 9, there is a small quantity of gas 29 in the bag 1 whose pressure is the same as the ambient atmospheric pressure. This could be performed in an FFS apparatus.
  • FIG. 6c essentially without delay the produced package 32 is released from the suspended and supported state and placed, in an essentially vertical orientation, onto a horizontal conveyor 33 on which it is started to immediately be conveyed in a horizontal conveyor-direction 34.
  • the package 32 is tossed, moved in a tossing direction 36, into a horizontal orientation and is caused to lie on the conveyor 33 in a suitable venting orientation with its vent 5 being in its top bag wall panel 37 (see FIG. 6e .).
  • the conveyor 33 is provided with a vibrator 38 underneath, for subtly vibrating the package 32 for an enhancing of a separation of its gas 29 and solid contents. This way the homogeneous fluid 30 -state contents of the package 32 are rearranged, i.e.
  • the package 32 is reshaped into a reshaped package 32 of an inflated pillow-like shape (see FIG. 6e .).
  • This reshaping causes the volume of the package 32 to somewhat decrease and the inner pressure of the package 32 to somewhat increase.
  • overpressure is provided which can be recognized from its top bag wall panel 37 being taut enough.
  • FIG. 6f at least for 35 seconds (the pressure-keeping time) from this pressurizing of the package 32, the pressure-selective seam portions 16 of the bag 1 withstand the overpressure provided in the package 32, by preventing any gas 29 from escaping from the package 32, as in the absence of any external squeezing of the package 32.
  • the lying package 32 is kept in motion in the conveyor-direction 34 on the conveyor 33, exposed to subtle vibration from underneath.
  • the granular product 27 contents within the package 32 largely separate from the gas 29 (air) contents, the granular product 27 settling and compacting at the lowest part of the package 32 and the gas 29 gathering, in a form of a flat bubble of purer and purer air, above the solid-state granular product 27, the two separated by a phase border 39 getting more and more definite by time.
  • the package 32 is kept free from external squeezing. Thereafter, in order of producing the compacted package 32 , essentially full of solid state granular product 27, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the package 32 is (as can be seen in FIG. 6g .) externally squeezed by, on the one hand, compressing its two opposed sides horizontally with lateral conveyors (horizontal compressing and lateral conveyors not shown in the figure) and, on the other hand, by pressing essentially its whole top bag wall panel 37 downwards, with an upper squeezing-conveyor 40.
  • the top bag wall panel 37 comprising the vent 5 is pressed to, and abutted with, the top surface 41 of the solid bulk of the granular product 27 contents in the bag 1 .
  • FIG. 7 The circumstances of the squeezing and venting are illustrated in more details in FIG. 7 , as follows.
  • the vent 5 comprises (also see FIG.
  • venting means 10 being openings for conducting gas 29 from the filling-space 15 of the container into the air-channel 6, i.e. between the interior 11 and exterior walls 12 of the vent 5, are comprised of interruptions of the weld line in the welded seam 9 separating the inner filling-space 15 of the bag 1 from the air-channel 6.
  • top bag wall panel 37 When the top bag wall panel 37 is pressed down, the interior wall 11 of the vent 5 is abutted on the top surface 41 of the granular product 27.
  • This top surface 41 is, by this time of abutting, relatively compact, densified, which prevents the abutting interior wall 11 from too much immersing in it.
  • a space 42, between the inner surface 8 of the top bag wall panel 37 and the top surface 41 of the granular product 27 is maintained with the help of the interior wall 11 and the fibrous filter 13 in the air-channel 6 the fibrous filter 13 simultaneously also acting as spacer means in the opening.
  • purified gas 29 can, in response to the internal pressure of the package 32 being increased by the external squeezing, flow, in an air-flow direction 43, staying above the top surface 41 of the granular product 27, from the air bubble in the top range of the package 32 directly into the air-channel 6 through the said openings constituting internal venting means 10.
  • Example 7 a packing method
  • FIG. 7a and FIG. 8 This example method differs from the method of Example 6 in that the packaging bag 1 according to Example 4 is provided for the packing.
  • the circumstances of the squeezing and venting are illustrated in more details in FIG. 7a and FIG. 8 , as follows.
  • the vent 5 projects sharply into the filling-space 15 of the bag 1 and comprises (also see FIG. 4 ) a distal seam 23 and a proximal seam 24, the two, together with the air-channel side-walls 45, defining the air-channel 6.
  • the internal venting means 10 are constituted by perforation openings penetrating through the air-channel side-walls 45, nearer to the proximal seam 24 than to the distal seam 23.
  • the internal venting means 10 are constituted by perforation openings penetrating through the air-channel side-walls 45, nearer to the proximal seam 24 than to the distal seam 23.
  • purified gas 29 can, in response to the internal pressure of the package 32 being increased by the external squeezing, flow, in air-flow directions 43, staying above the top surface 41 of the granular product 27, from the air bubble in the top range of the package 32 directly into the air-channel 6 through the said openings constituting internal venting means 10.
  • Example 8 a packing method
  • FIG. 7a and FIG. 9 This example method differs from the method of Example 6 in that the packaging bag 1 according to Example 5 is provided for the packing.
  • the circumstances of the squeezing and venting are illustrated in more details in FIG. 7a and FIG. 9 , as follows.
  • the vent 5 projects sharply into the filling-space 15 of the bag 1 and comprises (also see FIG. 5 ) a distal seam 23 and a proximal seam 24, the two, together with the air-channel side-walls 45, defining the air-channel 6.
  • the internal venting means 10 are constituted (also see FIG.
  • purified gas 29 can, in response to the internal pressure of the package 32 being increased by the external squeezing, flow, in air-flow directions 43, staying above the top surface 41 of the granular product 27, from the air bubble in the top range of the package 32 directly into the air-channel 6 through the said openings constituting internal venting means 10.
  • FIG. 10 The circumstances of the squeezing and venting in typical a prior-art solution are illustrated in details, for comparison, in FIG. 10 , as follows.
  • the package 32 comprises a typical prior-art vented bag 1, and has the vent 5 in its top bag wall panel 37.
  • the typical prior-art vent 5 has an interior wall 11 and an exterior wall 12.
  • the interior wall 11 (which separates the air-channel 6 from the inner filling-space 15 of the bag 1) comprises, as internal venting means 10, perforation openings penetrating therethrough.
  • the venting starts latest immediately after the filling and reshaping/flattening, as soon as an overpressure is started to be built up in the bag 1, at which moment the bag 1 is full of stirred-up fluid 30.
  • the homogeneous fluid 30 is driven, in an air-flow direction 43, out of the filling-space 15 of the bag 1 into the air-channel 6 through the perforation openings constituting internal venting means 10, which loads the air-channel 6 with fluid 30 eventually leaving residual pollution in the air-channel 6, thus illustrating the drawback of the prior art.
  • FIG. 11 The circumstances of the squeezing and venting in another prior-art process are illustrated in details, for comparison, in FIG. 11 , as follows.
  • the package 32 comprises a prior-art vented bag 1, and has the vent 5 in its top bag wall panel 37.
  • the prior-art vent 5 has an exterior wall 12 and an interior wall 11, the latter with perforation openings penetrating therethrough, constituting internal venting means 10.
  • the figure shows what happens if the contents of the package 32 are already somewhat separated at the time of the illustrated venting.
  • the perforated interior wall 11 is abutted on the top surface 41 of the granular product 27.
  • gas 29 can only flow, from the air bubble in the top range of the package 32 into the air-channel 6, in an air-flow direction 43 through a fluid 30 layer under the top surface 41 of the granular product 27, through the said openings constituting internal venting means 10, which loads the air-channel 6 with fluid 30 eventually leaving residual pollution in the air-channel 6, thus illustrating the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • Example 11 a system (package)
  • a polyethylene packaging bag 1 contains 75 kg's of Portland cement mixed with air.
  • One panel of the flexible polyethylene wall 2 includes a vent 5.
  • the vent 5 comprises an air-channel 6 being a lengthwise, overlapped region of the wall 2 having an interior wall 11 and an exterior wall 12.
  • Internal venting means 10 can, alternatively, be formed as interruptions in the seam 9 separating the air-channel 6 from the internal filling-space 15 of the bag 1 (see the bag in FIG. 12 ).
  • the bag 1 is an FFS-made bag 1, and is defined by crosswise (mouth- 3 and bottom- 4 ) welding seams 9.
  • the weakened, pressure-selective seam portions 16 have a pretreat print layer of a separating lacquer which could be, for example, of the type WP74-076D from Company XSYS Print Solution, Germany.
  • the layer thickness of the lacquer layer is formed to adapt the weakened seam 9 to withstand the internal overpressure of the bag 1 up to 1.0 bar pressure. This layer, its shape and thickness, could be formed by trial and error, for example.
  • Both of the said weakened, pressure-selective seam portions 16 open up in response to the inner pressure exceeding the one bar predetermined limit and conduct air from the air-channel 6 to the outside 7 of the bag 1.
  • Such a pressure can be formed in the package 32 by external squeezing, prior to which the closed package 32 can be handled, including dropping, turning, laying down, vibrating, flattening etc without losing air, since the form of the package 32 is suitably selected, with respect to the contents, in order of preventing the inner pressure of spontaneously reaching the one bar limit without a definite external squeezing.
  • the cement contents could be in an aerated state in which its apparent density is about 79% of its apparent density belonging to the fully compacted state thereof.
  • Example 12 a packaging container
  • This example packaging container is a flat bag 1 FFS tube section, closed with cross welding at its bottom 4 and mouth 3.
  • the bag 1 has been formed from a polyethylene film wall 2 that has been folded around a longitudinal direction, such that a vent 5, in the form of a region with an interior wall 11 and an exterior wall 12 (acting as air-channel-walls defining an air-channel 6 therebetween), is formed between two overlapping outer edges 14 of the film wall 2.
  • Two seams 9 extending in longitudinal direction fix the outer edges 14 of the film wall 2 to the film wall 2 portion overlapped therewith.
  • the two longitudinal seams 9 are welded seams.
  • inner seam 9 being the leftmost one of the two longitudinal seams 9 in FIG's 12a and 12b
  • the welding of the other longitudinal seam 9 is uninterrupted.
  • the surface of the interior wall 11 adjacent the air-channel 6 is provided with embossed projection 21 spacers.
  • the one, of the two overlapping edges 14 of the film wall 2, which is adjacent the inner seam 9 is provided with embossed projection 21 spacers that keep the internal venting means 10 open.
  • the weakened, pressure-selective seam portions 16 have a pretreat print layer of a separating lacquer which could be, for example, of the type WP74-076D from Company XSYS Print Solution, Germany.
  • the layer thickness of the lacquer layer is formed to adapt the weakened seam 9 to withstand an internal overpressure of the bag 1 up 1.0 bar pressure. This layer, its shape and thickness, could be formed by trial and error, for example.
  • each of the resulting bags 1 had apparently uniformly strong package closing at the mouth 3 and bottom 4 and they apparently only differed in the bonding strengths (and thereby in the predetermined limit pressures) of their pressure-selective seam portions 16.
  • the external venting means could also be provided with additional pressure-selective adhesive layer(s) adjacently to the welded pressure-selective seam portions 16 in order of further improving their behavior, for example their re-closure after some venting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verpackungsbehälter, umfassend eine flexible Kunststoffwand (2), die eine oder mehrere Entlüftungen (5) umfasst, wobei die eine oder mehreren Entlüftungen (5)
    ○ zum Leiten von Gas (29) aus einer Innenseite des Behälters in einen Luftkanal (6) und vom Luftkanal (6) zu einer Außenseite (7) des Behälters geeignet sind,
    ○ Luftkanalwände aufweisen, die den Luftkanal (6) definieren,
    ○ gebildet sind, um eine Region der flexiblen Kunststoffwand (2) zu umfassen, die eine Innenwand (11) und eine Außenwand (12) aufweist, die Luftkanalwände darstellen, die den Luftkanal (6) dazwischen definieren,
    ○ interne Entlüftungsmöglichkeiten (10) zum Leiten von Gas (20) vom Inneren des Behälters in den Luftkanal (6) umfassen,
    ○ mindestens teilweise durch mindestens eine versiegelte oder verklebte Naht (9) definiert sind, die in mindestens einer Teilregion einen reduzierten Bindungsgrad aufweist, der ausreicht, um zu gestatten, dass Gas (29) als Reaktion auf einen geeigneten Druck entweicht,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    in einer oder mehreren der Entlüftungen (5)
    ○ die Entlüftung (5) frei von Öffnungen ist
    ■ die durch eine Innenwand (11) hindurchdringen
    ■ zum Leiten von Gas (29) aus einem inneren Füllraum des Behälters in eine Region zwischen Innen- (11) und Außenwänden (12).
  2. Verpackungsbehälter nach Anspruch 1, wobei jede der einen oder mehreren Entlüftungen (5) nach Anspruch 1 entsprechend verbessert sind.
  3. Verpackungsbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 2, wobei die interne Entlüftungsmöglichkeit (10) eine oder mehrere Öffnungen umfasst ausgewählt von einer Perforation in einer gefalzten Naht (9), die eine Entlüftung (5) definiert, wobei eine Unterbrechung einer Schweißung in einer geschweißten Naht (9) eine Entlüftung (5) definiert und eine Unterbrechung einer Klebung in einer verklebten Naht (9) eine Entlüftung (5) definiert.
  4. Verpackungsbehälter nach Anspruch 3, wobei er Abstandhaltermöglichkeiten aufweist, die in mindestens einer der einen oder mehreren Öffnungen in einer Naht (9), die eine Entlüftung (5) definieren, bereitgestellt sind.
  5. Verpackungsbehälter nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Abstandhaltermöglichkeiten eines oder beide von einem Vliesstoff und mindestens einen Vorsprung (21) einer Vorsprunghöhe (22) von mindestens 50 Mikron umfasst.
  6. Verpackungsverfahren, wobei
    ○ ein granuläres Produkt bereitgestellt wird, und
    ○ eine Verpackung hergestellt wird, wobei die Verpackung einen Verpackungsbeutel umfasst und die Verpackung des Weiteren eine Menge des granulären Produkts mit einem Gas gemischt in dem Verpackungsbeutel verpackt umfasst
    ○ wobei der Verpackungsbeutel eine flexible Kunststoffwand umfasst, die eine Entlüftung zum Entlüften des Beutels in einer geeigneten Entlüftungsorientierung des Beutels durch Leiten von Gas aus einer Innenseite des Beutels in einen Luftkanal und vom Luftkanal zu einer Außenseite des Beutels umfasst,
    ■ wobei die Entlüftung Luftkanalwände aufweist, die den Luftkanal definieren, und
    ■ die Entlüftung gebildet ist, um eine Region der flexiblen Kunststoffwand zu umfassen, die eine Innenwand und eine Außenwand aufweist, die Luftkanalwände darstellen, die den Luftkanal dazwischen definieren, und
    ■ wobei die Entlüftung interne Entlüftungsmöglichkeiten zum Leiten von Gas vom Inneren des Behälters in den Luftkanal aufweist und
    ■ wobei die Entlüftung mindestens teilweise durch eine oder mehrere versiegelte oder verklebte Nähte definiert ist, die in mindestens einer Teilregion einen reduzierten Bindungsgrad aufweisen, der ausreicht, um zu gestatten, dass Gas als Reaktion auf einen geeigneten Druck entweicht, und
    ○ die Verpackung durch mindestens teilweises Umordnen ihrer Inhalte umgestaltet wird, um den Beutel in Entlüftungsorientierung bereitzustellen und um einen Überdruck in der Verpackung mindestens teilweise neben der internen Entlüftungsmöglichkeit bereitzustellen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    ○ ein derartiger Verpackungsbeutel verwendet wird, in dem die Entlüftung von Öffnungen frei ist, die durch eine Innenwand hindurchdringen zum Leiten von Gas von einen inneren Füllraum des Beutels in eine Region zwischen Innen- und Außenwänden und
    ○ ein derartiger Verpackungsbeutel verwendet wird, in dem mindestens eine der einen oder mehreren versiegelten oder verklebten Nähte geeignet ist, sich nach einer Druckhaltezeit von mindestens 1 Sekunde zu öffnen, um zu gestatten, dass Gas von der umgestalteten Verpackung nur als Reaktion auf ein externes Zusammendrücken der Verpackung entweicht.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, wobei die mindestens eine Naht durch externes Zusammendrücken der Verpackung nach einer Druckhaltezeit von mindestens 1 Sekunde geöffnet wird, um zu gestatten, dass Gas von der umgestalteten Verpackung entweicht
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Druckhaltezeit eine Zeitspanne von mindestens 1,5 Sekunden ist.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 8, wobei mindestens 1 Masseprozent des bereitgestellten granulären Produkts kleiner als 150 Mikron ist.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 9, wobei das bereitgestellte granuläre Produkt geeignet ist, mit Luft gemischt zu werden und dadurch mindestens 30 Sekunden lang in einem belüfteten Zustand in Ruhe gebracht und gehalten zu werden, in dem seine Rohdichte höchstens 98 % einer Rohichte beträgt, die zu dem granulären Produkt in einem vollständig komprimierten Zustand davon gehört.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 -10, wobei das bereitgestellte granuläre Produkt irgendeines oder mehrere von Zement, Calciumoxid, Calciumcarbonat und Calciumhydrat enthält.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 - 11, wobei während der Druckhaltezeit die mindestens eine versiegelte oder verklebte Naht daran gehindert wird, zu gestatten, dass Gas aus der Verpackung entweicht.
  13. System umfassend einen Verpackungsbeutel (1), der eine Menge von granulärem Produkt (27) mit einem Gas (29) gemischt enthält, wobei der Verpackungsbeutel (1) eine flexible Kunststoffwand (2) umfasst, die eine Entlüftung (5) umfasst, wobei die Entlüftung (5)
    ○ zum Leiten von Gas (29) aus einer Innenseite des Verbackungsbeutels (1) in einen Luftkanal (6) und vom Luftkanal (6) zu einer Außenseite (7) des Verpackungsbeutels (1) geeignet ist,
    ○ Luftkanalwände aufweist, die den Luftkanal (6) definieren, und
    ○ gebildet ist, um eine Region der flexiblen Kunststoffwand zu umfassen, die eine Innenwand und eine Außenwand aufweist, die Luftkanalwände darstellen, die den Luftkanal (6) dazwischen definieren, und
    ○ mindestens teilweise durch eine versiegelte oder verklebte Naht (9) definiert ist, die in mindestens einer Teilregion einen reduzierten Bindungsgrad aufweist, der ausreicht, um zu gestatten, dass Gas (29) nur als Reaktion auf einen Überdruck im Verpackungsbeutel (1), der eine vorbestimmte Grenze übersteigt, entweicht,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Entlüftung frei von Öffnungen ist, die durch eine Innenwand hindurchdringen, zum Leiten von Gas aus einem inneren Füllraum des Beutels in eine Region zwischen Innen- und Außenwänden und die vorbestimmte Grenze aus einem Intervall zwischen 0,0001 bar und 10 bar ausgewählt ist.
  14. System nach Anspruch 13, wobei die vorbestimmte Grenze aus einem Intervall zwischen 0,001 und 10 bar ausgewählt ist.
  15. System nach einem der Ansprüche 13 - 14, wobei die vorbestimmte Grenze aus einem Intervall zwischen 0,01 und 10 bar ausgewählt ist.
EP10779577.5A 2009-10-26 2010-10-25 Verpackungsbehälter mit überdruckablass, verpackungsverfahren und system Active EP2493779B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU0900669A HUP0900669A2 (en) 2009-10-26 2009-10-26 Plastic packing bag with overpressure relief, packing method and system
PCT/HU2010/000112 WO2011051739A1 (en) 2009-10-26 2010-10-25 Improved packaging container with overpressure relief, packing method and system

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EP2493779A1 EP2493779A1 (de) 2012-09-05
EP2493779B1 true EP2493779B1 (de) 2013-08-28

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ES (1) ES2434322T3 (de)
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WO (1) WO2011051739A1 (de)

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US20120261278A1 (en) 2012-10-18
ES2434322T3 (es) 2013-12-16
WO2011051739A1 (en) 2011-05-05
WO2011051739A4 (en) 2011-06-23
HU0900669D0 (en) 2009-12-28
EP2493779A1 (de) 2012-09-05
HUP0900669A2 (en) 2010-07-28

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