EP2492405A1 - Disposing device for organic kitchen waste and conveyor for such a disposing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has comminution device (3) for comminuting organic waste. The comminution device is connected to the receiving device (2) for receiving uncomminuted organic kitchen waste. A carrier (4) is projected into receiving device, for supplying organic waste to comminution device. The carrier is connected to the crushing device, in a state coaxial to the rotational axis (300) of the comminution device. The carrier has grinding unit arranged perpendicular to its axis of rotation for grinding organic kitchen waste, and for cutting or breakage of the organic kitchen waste. An independent claim is included for carrier for disposal apparatus.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a disposal device for organic kitchen waste and a driver for such a disposal device.

Technical background

Organic kitchen waste in the form of catering waste and equipment waste, for example, in large kitchens, canteens, hotels, communal catering and in the catering every day in large quantities. This organic kitchen waste can be used as a raw material for the production of renewable energy in biogas reactors. For this purpose, it is necessary to treat the organic kitchen waste so that they are storable and transportable.

Organic kitchen waste can roughly be divided into two different categories, namely food waste and set-aside waste. The division results both from the place of origin and from the character of the respective organic kitchen waste.

Food waste is understood as the remains of already prepared food. Food waste, for example, in the return of plates and trays by the respective guests, employees or patients, before these plates or trays are rinsed. For example, in hospitals, food waste is typically incurred per patient and meal in an amount of about 250 g. Large quantities of catering waste are also produced in restaurants, hotels and canteens.

In the preparation of food falling into the respective kitchens at the set-up equipment Waste, for example, fruit and vegetable husks, lettuce leaves and cabbage leaves, roots and other organic remains of not yet prepared food raw materials, which are prepared for the actual food preparation.

For disposal and storage of organic kitchen waste, a system is known in which the organic kitchen waste is placed in a disposal device in which they are comminuted by means of a crushing device in the form of a mill, partially with the addition of water so that they subsequently in a largely homogenized form can be pumped into appropriate storage tanks. From these storage tanks, the then largely homogenized biomass is transported by means of a transport vehicle to a biogas plant, in which the biomass is fermented, wherein the fermentation resulting in fumigation gases, especially methane gas, is used to generate electrical energy and / or heat energy. In this way, organic kitchen waste can be recycled and recovered from this environmentally friendly renewable energy.

The character of the food waste and equipment waste described above is fundamentally different. Food waste is typically compact, heavy and moist. Set-up waste is typically loose, light and dry. In order to achieve a good efficiency of the disposal device, therefore, food waste and set-up waste have so far been treated together in the disposal device.

description

It is an object of the present invention to improve the treatment of equipment waste in a disposal device.

Accordingly, a disposal device for organic kitchen waste is proposed, the one

Crushing device for comminuting organic kitchen waste, as well as a receiving device connected to the comminution device for receiving uncomminuted organic kitchen waste comprises. According to the invention, a driver projecting into the receiving device is provided for supplying organic kitchen waste to the comminuting device.

By providing the driver, the disposal device becomes more independent of the type of organic kitchen waste that is filled in the receiving device. In particular, as a loading of the disposal device is possible only with loose, dry and light equipment waste, since these set-waste can now be transported by means of the driver to the crushing device or are pre-shredded by the driver so that they get into the crushing device by its own weight.

The receiving device is preferably provided in the form of a funnel, in particular a funnel with a square cross section, with a rectangular cross section, oval cross section or with a round cross section. At the lower end of this funnel, the comminution device is preferably arranged in such a way that organic kitchen waste filled from above passes through gravity to the comminuting device.

The driver is preferably connected to the crushing device such that it rotates together with it. In this way, a simple conversion of existing disposal devices is possible.

By "protrude into the receiving device" is meant that the driver extends as far into the receiving device in that a take away of set-up waste is reliably possible. A Hereinragen the complete driver in the receiving device is not required. The depth to which the driver in the Receiving device projects, is determined by several factors, in particular by the pitch angle of the receiving hopper, the driver must be dimensioned relative to the hopper so that even larger set-up waste between the funnel wall of the receiving device and the driver can slip so that it finally detected by the driver can be.

The driver preferably has a coaxially to the axis of rotation of the crushing device arranged axis of rotation.

Preferably, the driver has a shaft extending coaxially to the axis of rotation, wherein the shaft preferably has a diameter which reduces the formation of braids and the adhesion of organic kitchen waste. Preferably, the diameter of the shaft is in a range of 40mm to 70mm, more preferably in the range of 50mm to 60mm. In this way, not only the tendency to braid formation is reduced, but also a stability of the shaft against external disturbances improved, for example against interference from the introduction of foreign substances such as cutlery, screws or bones in the receiving device.

Preferably, the driver has at least one comminuting means arranged perpendicularly to its axis of rotation for comminuting organic kitchen waste, preferably a comminution means for cutting or smashing the organic kitchen waste.

The comminution means is preferably provided in the form of at least one pre-comminuting blade, which is advantageously designed as a triangular blade, which preferably has oblique blade flanks directed towards the comminution device. The angle which the knife edges include is preferably in a range of 40 ° to 80 °, more preferably in a range of 50 ° to 70 °, particularly preferably about 60 °. By inclined to the crushing device knife edges of the organic kitchen waste, of the respective

Crushing knife is hit, crushed. The organic kitchen waste struck by the respective flanks continues to receive an impulse through the flanks which are inclined towards the shredding device. As a result, the organic kitchen waste of the crushing device is supplied even better.

The driver may have shaking means and / or conveying means for loosening and / or conveying the organic kitchen waste to the crushing device.

In order to be able to flange the driver on the comminution device, it may have a flange, wherein the flange may preferably have at least one recess for receiving a driver of the comminuting device.

The disposal device preferably has a pump for pumping out the organic kitchen waste shredded in the comminution device, the pump being connected to the comminuting device.

The comminuting device can have a rotor and a blade ring surrounding the rotor.

The above object is further achieved by a driver for a disposal device, which has a shaft and at least one shaft provided on the shaking means and conveying and / or comminution means for loosening, promoting and / or comminution of organic kitchen waste, preferably at least one pre-comminuting knife.

Brief description of the figures

Figur 1

zeigt eine Entsorgungsvorrichtung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einer schematischen perspektivischen Ansicht;

Figur 2

zeigt die Entsorgungsvorrichtung der Figur 1 in einer weiteren schematischen perspektivischen Ansicht;

Figur 3

zeigt einen Mitnehmer gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel in einer schematischen perspektivischen Ansicht;

Figur 4

zeigt den Mitnehmer der Figur 3 in einer Seitenaufsicht;

Figur 5

zeigt eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, die in einer Entsorgungsvorrichtung verwendet werden kann, in einer schematischen perspektivischen Ansicht;

Figur 6

zeigt die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung der Figur 5 in einer Draufsicht;

Figur 7

zeigt eine schematische seitliche Schnittansicht durch eine Entsorgungsvorrichtung in einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel; und

Figur 8

zeigt schematisch ein Entsorgungssystem, welches eine Entsorgungsvorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Offenbarung verwendet.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described with reference to the concrete embodiments shown in the drawings of the figures:

FIG. 1

shows a disposal device according to a first embodiment in a schematic perspective view;

FIG. 2

shows the disposal device of FIG. 1 in a further schematic perspective view;

FIG. 3

shows a driver according to an embodiment in a schematic perspective view;

FIG. 4

shows the driver of the FIG. 3 in a side supervision;

FIG. 5

shows a shredding device that can be used in a disposal device, in a schematic perspective view;

FIG. 6

shows the crushing device of FIG. 5 in a plan view;

FIG. 7

shows a schematic sectional side view through a disposal device in a further embodiment; and

FIG. 8

schematically shows a disposal system, which uses a disposal device according to the present disclosure.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

In the following description of preferred embodiments, the same or similar components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a repeated description of the respective components in the following figures will be omitted in part to avoid redundancy.

FIG. 1 shows in a perspective schematic representation of a disposal device 1, which for the disposal of organic kitchen waste, in particular of Food waste and from equipment waste, serves. The disposal device comprises a receiving device 2 in the form of a funnel, which initially serves to receive the uncut organic kitchen waste. The receiving device 2 is in FIG. 1 shown in the form of a funnel with rectangular cross-section. Of course, other cross sections may also be used, such as square cross sections, round cross sections, or oval cross sections.

At the lower end of the receiving device 2, a crushing device 3 is provided, which are supplied via the receiving device 2 organic kitchen waste. The comminution device 3 is used for comminuting the organic kitchen waste supplied via the receiving device 2. The crushing device 3 may be in the form of, for example, in the Figures 5 and 6 be shown and described below mill.

At the crushing device 3, a driver 4 is arranged, which protrudes from the crushing device 3 from at least partially into the receiving device 2. In other words, the driver projects at least partially into the volume V defined by the dimensions of the receiving device 2.

The driver 4 is used for improved supply of set-up waste to the crushing device 3. By feeding is here understood both the actual conveyance of organic kitchen waste, for example by means of a screw conveyor, as well as the conveyance of the organic kitchen waste by pre-crushing or mechanical shaking, to correspondingly easy , loose and dry set-up waste, which hitherto jammed in the receiving device 2, to be able to feed to the shredding device 3. The driver 4 prepares the organic kitchen waste so and / or moves them so that they Crushing device 3 are fed or slip into this.

The driver 4 may be provided with pre-shredders as described below to pre-shred the typically light, loose and dry set-up scraps so that they will slide more easily in the direction of the shredder 3 in accordance with smaller set-up scrap and will not be able to become wedged together as much.

Furthermore, the driver 4 may be provided with a vibrating device to let the light, loose and dry set-up waste by shaking further down to the crushing device 3.

In a further variant, the driver 4 may be provided with a conveying device, for example in the form of a screw conveyor, by means of which the light, loose and dry set-up waste is conveyed in the direction of the comminuting device 3. The transport of food remains is not hindered by the driver 4.

In the FIG. 1 Disposal device 1 shown schematically further comprises a cover 10, by means of which the receiving device 2 can be covered. Advantageously, the receiving device 2 must be covered with the cover 10 before the crushing device 3 and the driver 4 are put into operation and start to rotate. The lid 10 prevents spillage of organic kitchen waste from the disposal device 1 while they are transported by the driver 4 to the crushing device 3 and during the actual crushing of organic kitchen waste in the crushing device 3. This is particularly advantageous if the crushing device 3 in shape a fast-rotating mill is provided, for example, with speeds of about 1400 U / min. Furthermore, the lid 10 is there to avoid that users engage in the receiving device 2 in when the Crushing device 3 is operated. The cover 10 is advantageously equipped with a safety switch such that the crushing device 3 and the driver 4 can only be operated when the flap 10 is closed.

By means of a control unit 12 shown schematically, the disposal device 1 can be operated by a user.

A water nozzle 14 for feeding process water into the receiving device 2 is provided in order to be able to produce sufficiently high water content in the case of dry organic kitchen waste in order to allow a subsequent pumping out of the biomass comminuted by the comminuting device 3. For pumping the comminuted by the crushing device 3, moist and largely homogenized biomass after the crushing device 3, a correspondingly sized pump is provided, which is not shown in the figure, however.

The water supply nozzle 14 can also be used for cleaning the receiving device 2 and the crushing device 3 and the driver 4. For cleaning, however, at least one further water supply nozzle may be provided at a different location in the receiving device 2.

In FIG. 2 is the disposal device 1 of FIG. 1 once again shown completely in a schematic perspective view, wherein also here the lid 10 is open. Owing to the perspective, at least the comminution unit 3 adjoining the receiving device 2 at the bottom is not visible.

As can be seen for example FIG. 1 results, the driver 4 is arranged coaxially with the crushing unit 3, wherein the axis of rotation 400 of the driver 4 extends coaxially along the axis of rotation 300 of the crushing unit 3.

The driver 4 is in FIG. 3 shown in a schematic perspective view. The driver axis 400 is surrounded by the driver shaft 40, which preferably has a diameter d, which is dimensioned so that a formation of braids from the organic kitchen waste to be processed on the shaft 40 is reduced or avoided. In the embodiment shown, the diameter d of the shaft is about 50mm to 60mm. The surface of the shaft 40 of the driver 4 is advantageously equipped so that the adhesion of organic kitchen waste is largely avoided. Also by the choice of the diameter d of the shaft 40, adhesion of organic kitchen waste can be reduced, since corresponding centrifugal forces can be generated by the correspondingly higher peripheral speeds.

A flange 42 with recesses 44 is provided, such that the driver 3 at the in the FIG. 3 not shown but from the FIG. 1 known crushing device 3 can be flanged. In an advantageous variant of the driver 3 can be coupled via a slip clutch or a comparable coupling to the crushing device 3, in the case of introducing foreign substances such as cutlery, crockery, screws or bone, in the receiving device 2 damage to the driver 4 and to avoid the associated with this crushing device 3.

Perpendicular to the axis of rotation 400 of the driver 4 extend as shown FIG. 3 to recognize pre-shredder 46, which serve to pre-shred loose set-up waste so that they slip in the receiving device 2 better in the direction of the crushing device 3 and this can be fed easier.

The pre-crushing blades 46 are substantially triangular in cross section in the embodiment shown and are designed as blunt blades. The respective flanks of the pre-comminuting blades 46 are inclined towards the comminution device 3. To this

Way, the organic kitchen waste, which is struck by the respective Vorzerklein knife 46, crushed, in particular cut and / or smashed. By aligning the flanks of the pre-comminuting blade 46 with the comminution device 3, it is further achieved that the respective organic kitchen waste is impinged with an impulse in the direction of the comminution device 3, whereby the organic kitchen waste is conveyed in the direction of the comminuting device 3.

The angle α, which is enclosed by the triangular shape of the pre-comminuting blade 46, is approximately 60 ° in the exemplary embodiment shown. The triangular design of the pre-comminuting blade 46 further enables the driver 4 to be operated in both possible directions of rotation of the comminution device 3.

In the in FIG. 3 shown embodiment of the driver 4 four pre-comminuting 46 are provided, each extending two of these Vorzerkleiners 46 on opposite sides of the shaft 40 out. The two pairs of pre-comminuting blades 46 are mutually perpendicular and spaced apart along the axis of rotation 400. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the two pairs of pre-comminuting blades 46 are spaced along the axis of rotation 400 by approximately 70 mm.

The pre-comminuting blades 46 and the shaft 40 and the flange 42 are adjusted in such a way that even high rotational speeds in the range of approximately 1400 rpm. around the rotary shaft 400 around easily possible without imbalances arise.

FIG. 4 shows the driver 4 again in a schematic side view, wherein once again the arrangement of the pre-comminuting 46 along the axis of rotation 400 of the driver 4, as well as their triangular shape is clear.

FIG. 5 shows in a schematic perspective view of the crushing device 3. The crushing device 3 comprises a rotor 30 which rotates about a rotation axis 300 around and is driven by a motor 32, with the motor shaft of the rotor 30 is connected accordingly. The motor 32 is advantageously provided with a strong brake, which at an opening of the lid 10 during the operation of the crushing device 3 stops this immediately.

The rotor 30 comprises differently shaped drivers 34, which carry the organic kitchen waste to be comminuted and correspondingly set in a rotational movement. A knife ring 36 is provided which surrounds the rotor 30 and which serves as a stator. The organic kitchen waste, which is rotated by the rotor 30 in a rotational movement, are accordingly pressed by the centrifugal forces against the knife rim 36 and guided along the knife ring 36 in such a way that comminution takes place in the corresponding spaces between the knives. The drivers 34 in turn strike along the blade ring 36 so that organic kitchen waste extending through the gaps between the blades 36 can be cut off by the catch 34. Other embodiments of the crushing device 3 are also conceivable. Important for the crushing device 3 is merely that it is able to shred organic kitchen waste so that they can be subsequently pumped by a pump.

FIG. 6 shows the shredding unit 3 again in a plan view in which the geometric arrangement of the rotor 30, the driver 34 and the blade ring 36 is clearly visible.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of the disposal device 1 in a schematic sectional view, wherein the receiving device 2 is again funnel-shaped, to a targeted feeding the to get into the receiving device 2 introduced organic kitchen waste to the crushing device 3. It can clearly be seen in this figure that the driver 4 extends clearly though not completely into the receiving device 2 and in particular extends into the volume V formed by the receiving device 2. The volume V formed by the receiving device 2 is defined here by the volume located between the upper edge 20 and the lower edge 22 of the funnel.

The depth by which the driver 4 extends into the receiving device 2, inter alia, depends on which organic kitchen waste to be treated. Furthermore, the depth in this embodiment is dependent on how far the pre-reduction blades 46 of the driver 4 are removed from the wall of the feed hopper 2. This distance D must be dimensioned so that even larger light equipment waste can still slip between the fast rotating Vorzerkleiner blades 46 and the wall of the receiving device 2.

In FIG. 7 Also schematically shown is a pump 5 for pumping out the biomass and a tank 6 for receiving the pumped biomass.

The rotor of the comminution device 3 rotates advantageously at a high speed, for example 1400 revolutions / minute, in order to achieve a fine breaking of the organic kitchen waste and at the same time also to press lighter kitchen waste against the knife ring due to the generated high centrifugal force.

FIG. 8 schematically shows a complete disposal system in a large kitchen, comprising a set-up station, at which set-up waste, which arise during the preparation of food, are introduced into a disposal device 70. Farther a rinsing station is provided in which food waste is introduced into a corresponding disposal device 72, wherein both the set-up waste and the food waste by the disposal devices 70, 72 are comminuted and into a fine, pumpable biomass, preferably with a dry matter between 15% and 25% to be crushed. This pumpable biomass is pumped by the pump 5 into the tank 6, from where it can be transported by means of a tanker 74 to a biogas plant.

Claims (15)

Disposal unit (1) for organic kitchen waste, comprising a comminution device (3) for comminuting organic kitchen waste and a receiving device (2) connected to the comminution device (3) for receiving uncut organic kitchen waste,
marked by
a driver (4) projecting into the receiving device (2) for supplying organic kitchen waste to the comminuting device (3). Disposal device according to claim 1, wherein the receiving device (2) is formed substantially funnel-shaped and preferably has a square, rectangular, round or oval cross-section. Disposal device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the driver (4) has a coaxially to the axis of rotation (300) of the crushing device (3) arranged axis of rotation (400). A disposal apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the driver (4) has a shaft (40) extending coaxially with the axis of rotation (400), the shaft (40) preferably having a diameter which reduces the formation of braids and the adherence of organic kitchen waste , wherein the diameter (d) of the shaft (40) is preferably in a range of 40mm to 70mm, more preferably in a range of 50mm to 60mm. Disposal device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the driver (4) at least one perpendicular to its axis of rotation (400) arranged crushing means for comminution of organic Kitchen waste, preferably a shredder for cutting or smashing the organic kitchen waste. Disposal device according to claim 5, wherein the comminuting means comprises a pre-comminuting blade (46) which is preferably designed as a triangular blade with flanks inclined towards the comminution device (3). Disposal device according to claim 6, wherein the angle (α) enclosed by the flanks of the triangular blade is in a range from 40 ° to 80 °, preferably in a range from 50 ° to 70 °, particularly preferably at approximately 60 °. Disposal device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the driver (4) Rüttelmittel and / or conveying means for loosening and / or promoting the organic kitchen waste to the crushing device (3). Disposal device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the driver (4) has a flange (42) for flanging the driver (4) to the comminuting device (3), the flange preferably having at least one recess (44) for receiving a driver (34). having. Disposal device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a pump (5) is provided for pumping off the organic kitchen waste shredded in the comminution device (3) and connected to the comminuting device (3). Disposal device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the comminution device (3) has a rotor (30) and a blade ring (36) surrounding the rotor (30). Carrier for a disposal device, characterized by a shaft (40) and at least one provided on the shaft (40) Rüttelmittel, conveying and / or comminuting means for loosening, promotion and / or comminution of organic kitchen waste, preferably at least one pre-comminuting knife (46), wherein the Diameter (d) of the shaft (40) is preferably in a range of 40mm to 70mm, more preferably in a range of 50mm to 60mm. Carrier according to claim 12, comprising a flange (42) for flanging the driver (4) to a crushing device (3), wherein the flange preferably has at least one recess (44) for receiving a driver (34). Carrier according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the comminuting means comprises a pre-comminuting blade (46) which is preferably designed as a triangular blade with flanks inclined towards the comminution device (3). Carrier according to claim 14, wherein the included by the edges of the triangular blade angle (α) in a range of 40 ° to 80 °, preferably in a range of 50 ° to 70 °, more preferably at about 60 °.

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