EP2489823A1 - Device for splitting solid materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has a drilling device (4) attached at a working head (24). A splitting device (5) i.e. hydraulically driven splitting cylinder (51), is attached to the working head, and generates gap force that acts at right angle to a bore axis and parallel to an axis (26) in a drilled hole in a working position. The working head is rotated at another axis (27) in relation to a carriage (2) such that either the drilling device or the splitting device is alternately brought into the working position by rotating the head at the latter axis and moving the head along the former axis. The drilling device is a drill machine, a percussion drill or a core drill. An independent claim is also included for a method for splitting a fixed material.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to devices and methods for splitting solid materials, especially rock or concrete.

State of the art

Various methods are known from the prior art to split rock or concrete or other hard, mineral materials or to disassemble into smaller parts. Blasting rocks with explosives is efficient, but it is risky for the immediate environment and requires specially trained professionals. The dismantling by means of a breaker hammer in turn is tedious, especially with hard rock. In addition, the noise load is high in both methods, and there are significant vibrations.

Alternative methods of cutting solid rock were originally used in quarries to separate stone blocks. For this purpose, several holes are drilled parallel to a desired cleavage direction, and then wedges introduced or pressed into these holes. This combined drilling-and-splitting technique was later simplified by the development of hydraulically actuated splitting cylinders, such as those in DE 1254562 . DE 2403317 . DE 543667 to be discribed. These consist essentially of two cylinder halves, between which an intermediate wedge is hydraulically pressed, so that the two cylinder halves are spread apart and pressed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis to the outside, and thus generate opposing forces on the rock.

In the drilling-gap technique, the mechanical or manual drilling of the holes, for example by means of compressed air drills. After completion of the hole, the splitting cylinder is inserted by hand into the bore, which must be done precisely so that the splitting cylinder does not jam. Especially the splitting cylinder is very heavy, up to 45 kg, which puts a strain on the health of the workers. In addition, the worker must be in the immediate vicinity of the gap surface, during drilling, during insertion of the insert, as well as during the splitting process, so that so that the splitting cylinder does not fall into the gap. This means an increased risk of accidents, for example, due to splintering, or slipping Spaltgut, especially in exposed positions such as on large boulders, in rock walls, etc.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide devices and methods for splitting solid materials, in particular rock or concrete, which do not have the above-mentioned and other disadvantages.

In particular, with an apparatus according to the invention or a method according to the invention, the overall process should be able to be carried out more quickly and reliably.

Another object of the invention is to provide a device in which larger gap devices can be used.

Another object of the invention is to provide a device in which the cleavage plane can be selected in any position or angle.

An inventive device should be flexible in use, and should be inexpensive to produce and maintain.

These and other objects are achieved by a device according to the invention for drilling and splitting, a machine according to the invention, as well as a method according to the invention according to the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

Presentation of the invention

A device according to the invention for drilling and splitting a solid material, in particular rock or concrete, comprises a carriage with a working head which can be displaced transversely along a first axis and a boring device which is attached to the working head. The drilling device is suitable for drilling a hole in the material parallel to the first axis in a working position. At the working head, a gap device is mounted, which is adapted to generate in a working position parallel to the first axis in a drilled hole a force acting at right angles to the hole axis splitting force. The working head is rotatable with respect to the carriage in such a way about a second axis, that by rotating the working head about the second axis and moving the working head along the first axis alternately either the drilling device or the splitting device can be brought into the working position.

Compared to the prior art, only one device is necessary in a device according to the invention. In addition, a one-time positioning of the device is sufficient for both tasks (drilling and splitting). There is no further manual work necessary. This leads to a great time savings compared to the conventional Bohr-Spalt-Technik.

During drilling as well as during the splitting process, no personnel have to be in the danger zone (hydraulic high pressure, splintering or sliding material). Job security will be significantly improved.

An inventive device advantageously comprises means for fixing the position of the carriage with respect to the material. This allows exact positioning of the splitter with respect to the wellbore, and equally accurate insertion into the wellbore. The said fixing means advantageously comprise a centering element, for example a centering wedge, which is attached to one end of the carriage. Such a variant allows a precise positioning of the carriage during the entire drilling and splitting operation.

Alternatively, it is also possible, by means of suitable position sensors and a suitable positioning system, for example based on a GPS system, to keep the carriage exactly in the same position even without physical contact with the material.

The drilling device preferably comprises a percussion drill. This percussion drill can be driven, for example, hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically.

The splitting device advantageously comprises a gap insert in the form of a splitting cylinder, such as for example DE 1254562 . DE 240331 7 . DE 543667 is known.

However, other splitting devices are also applicable. For example, the splitting device may have means for introducing a physical and / or chemical expansion agent into the gap hole. A suitable such fissile material is, for example, in CH694341A5 described and sold by the company Kubatec plastic and construction engineering AG under the trade name Betonamit. This is achieved with a water-mixed expansion agent based on quicklime in the borehole going in all directions nip pressure of 4000 - 9000 t / m ² (about 400 - 900 bar) after 10 to 50 hours.

Accordingly, the gap device of such a variant of a device according to the invention comprises means for introducing the expansion agent into the gap hole, for example in the form of a filler neck, which is inserted into the borehole. Again, a precise positioning is necessary. A suitable supply device then delivers the expansion agent into the wellbore.

Prior to the introduction of the expansion means, a tubular plastic container can be introduced into the borehole, which prevents the flow-away of the initially liquid expansion agent. An apparatus according to the invention advantageously also has a device for introducing the plastic containers in such a case.

Also, additional devices for roughening the borehole may be provided as they are in CH694341A5 is described in the form of a rotating rod with a plurality of Exzenterschlagscheiben.

The diameter and the length of the borehole depend on the dimensioning of the used column insert. In the commonly used split inserts, such as the company Darda GmbH, are borehole diameter / minimum borehole length between 32mm / 270mm (model Darda C2SN) and 48mm / 680mm (model Darda C12L). The dimensioning of these devices, however, is selected with a view to manual operation. In an inventive device, where no manual positioning of the gap insert is necessary, larger dimensions can be selected. For example, the borehole diameter may be 70 to 80 mm, and the borehole length may be 1 m, for example.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a device according to the invention, the drilling device and the splitting device are arranged at 180 ° opposite the working head. In order to bring one or the other device in the working position, so the working head must be rotated by 180 °.

In another particularly advantageous embodiment of a device according to the invention, the second axis is arranged at an angle of less than 90 ° with respect to the first axis. This variant offers the advantage that the drilling device and the splitting device can be tilted relative to one another, which reduces the overall height.

Advantageously, the drilling device is arranged on the working head such that the forces acting during drilling pass through the second axis. The forces can be absorbed by the carriage, without a lateral torque acts.

An inventive device can be attached to a stationary or mobile device, in particular to construction equipment with hydraulic system. For example, the device may be equipped with a quick coupling, with which it can be attached to a boom of an excavator. The control and power supply takes place in such a case advantageously via the excavator. It may optionally also be provided a camera which facilitates the excavator operator placing the centering in the center hole. The control of the device is manually mechanically or cable / radio controlled.

Alternatively, the device may be designed as a self-propelled mount, in which the device is mounted on a self-propelled chassis. Furthermore, there is the possibility of mounting a device according to the invention, for example on a three-legged insert. In this case, the power supply takes place for example via a separate hydraulic unit.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a device according to the invention has means for introducing a physical and / or chemical fuel into the gap hole.

In another advantageous embodiment variant of a device according to the invention, a plurality of parallel drilling devices and a plurality of parallel splitting devices are mounted on the working head. This offers the possibility to drill or split several holes simultaneously.

A mobile or stationary machine according to the invention has one or more such devices according to the invention for drilling and splitting.

An inventive method for splitting a solid material, in particular rock or concrete, is advantageously carried out with a device according to the invention.

In a method according to the invention for splitting a solid material, in particular rock or concrete, a hole is drilled in the material with a drilling device, a splitting device is arranged in said hole, and the material is split with the splitting device. In this case, a carriage is provided, with a along a first axis transversely displaceable and rotatable about a second axis working head, and a drilling device and a splitting device, which are mounted on the working head. With the drilling device in working position, a hole is drilled in the material. The working head is then displaced along the first axis and rotated about the second axis, that then the splitting device is in the working position in the borehole. Finally, the material is split with the cleavage device.

Advantageously, in such a method, the carriage is temporarily fixed relative to the material positively and / or non-positively.

Brief description of the drawings

Figur 1

zeigt schematisch eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung (a) in Seitenansicht, (b) in einer Ansicht von schräg vorne, und (c) von vorne.

Figur 2

zeigt die Vorrichtung aus Figur 1, montiert am Ausleger eines Baggers.

Figur 3

zeigt schematisch eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht, beim Anbringen eines Zentrierlochs.

Figur 4

zeigt schematisch die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung von schräg vorne, während des Bohrens des Spaltlochs mit der Bohrvorrichtung.

Figur 5

zeigt schematisch die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung während des Drehens des Werkzeugkopfs.

Figur 6

zeigt schematisch die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung beim Einführen des Spalteinsatzes in das Spaltloch.

Figur 7

zeigt schematisch eine Vorderansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung, mit versetzt angeordneter Bohrvorrichtung und Spaltvorrichtung.

Figur 8

zeigt schematisch eine Seitenansicht noch einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung, mit verkippter Drehachse.

In the following the inventive device will be explained with reference to drawings, however, show only embodiments of the subject invention.

FIG. 1

schematically shows an inventive device (a) in side view, (b) in a view obliquely from the front, and (c) from the front.

FIG. 2

shows the device FIG. 1 , mounted on the boom of an excavator.

FIG. 3

schematically shows a device according to the invention in side view, when attaching a centering hole.

FIG. 4

schematically shows the inventive device obliquely from the front, while drilling the split hole with the drilling device.

FIG. 5

schematically shows the inventive device during rotation of the tool head.

FIG. 6

schematically shows the inventive device during insertion of the gap insert in the gap hole.

FIG. 7

schematically shows a front view of another embodiment of an inventive device, with offset arranged drilling and splitting device.

FIG. 8

schematically shows a side view of yet another embodiment of an inventive device, with tilted axis of rotation.

Embodiment of the invention

The examples given below are given for a better illustration of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention to the features disclosed herein.

FIG. 1 shows a possible embodiment of an inventive device 1. On a carriage 2 with a linear rail 22, a carriage 23 is slidably disposed along a first axis 26, driven by the drive 25. On the carriage, a working head 24 is arranged around a second axis 27th is rotatable.

On the working head 24, a drilling device 4 is mounted, and a splitting device 5. The drilling device 4 is configured in the example shown as a hydraulically operated percussion drill with drill pipe 41 and drill bit 42. However, the exact operation is not relevant as long as the drilling device is suitable for drilling a hole in the material to be split. The splitting device 5 is a hydraulically driven splitting cylinder, as it is produced, for example, by Darda GmbH, Blumberg, Germany. However, other devices are also applicable here that can exert a splitting force on the hole walls after insertion into a wellbore so as to split the material.

The drilling device 4 and the splitting device 5 are mounted parallel to each other and aligned 180 ° to each other and aligned along a common axis on the working head 24. In the figure shown, the drilling device is in the working position. In this, the current drill can be pressed by the linear drive 22, 23, 25 against the material to be processed, as in known drill carriages.

Now, if the gap hole drilled, the drill 4 is moved back up, and the working head rotated by 180 ° about the axis 27. Now the gap device 5 is located in the working position. With the linear drive now the action end of the splitting device, here the gap insert 51, driven against the material and introduced into the borehole. Subsequently, the cleavage device is activated.

After performing the splitting operation, the splitting device is withdrawn from the gap hole again. Since it can lead to displacements of the material when splitting, advantageously the suspension of the splitting device is flexibly equipped so that damage can be avoided when retracting a possibly slightly jammed cleavage device from the well. In FIG. 1 This is achieved for example by a pendulum suspension 53 of the splitting device 5 on the working head 24. This allows for the action of a lateral force deflection of the cleavage device by a certain angle away from the working axis. Analog is in FIG. 1 also the drilling device 4 via two pendulum suspensions 43 mounted on the working head.

The carriage 2 is mounted on a support structure 11, which may include hydraulic connections and control electronics. The support structure may further serve as an adapter for attachment to a device, such as the boom 71 of an excavator 7, as in FIG. 2 shown. Alternatively, the device may be designed as a self-propelled mount, or be mounted on a self-propelled support frame. Alternatively, a statically structured support frame can be used. This can for example be built up if necessary, or be moved with other tools, such as a crane.

In order to obtain the most accurate positioning of the gap insert 51 in the borehole, the carriage is advantageously fixed in relation to the ground. For this purpose, the illustrated embodiment of the device according to the invention has, at an end of the carriage facing the working direction, a centering device, in the form of a centering wedge 21. With this centering wedge, the carriage is moved before drilling the slit hole fixed on the substrate to be processed, in which the carriage is placed on the ground so that the centering cone comes to lie in a depression, and so the carriage is fixed in a form-fitting horizontal to the drilling axis 26. If no recess is present, such is easily and quickly generated with the drilling device 4. Advantageously, the device according to the invention is equipped with manual control elements which allow the device to be operated directly on site, for example in emergencies.

The mode of operation of the device according to the invention will now be explained further with reference to the individual working steps of a method according to the invention.

FIG. 3 shows a device according to the invention when attaching a center hole 61 on the Spaltgut 6. The device is mounted on a boom 71 of an excavator shown only schematically, which is not shown in the following drawings for clarity. The carriage 23 with the working head 24 is in a central position on the rail 22 of the carriage. The drill 4 is briefly put into operation, and drilled a recess 61 in the fissile material.

In a next step, the working head 24 is now moved back completely with the drilling device 4, and then the carriage 2 fixed on the Spaltgut 6 by the centering wedge 21 is positioned in the centering hole 61. With the carriage advance, the drill bit 42 of the drill rod 41 used in the drill 4 is placed on the split material 6 by means of a suitable proximity sensor. Advantageously, the probe is arranged in the form of an electromagnetic sensor displaceable on the rail, wherein the corresponding trigger for the starting position is attached to the foot of the drilling device.

The carriage advance pushes the running drill into the material 6 and drills the required hole 62 (shown in FIG FIG. 4 ). A trigger attached to the hanger fixture is detected by the proximity switch on the rail when the desired hole depth is reached. The drilling device is turned off, and it takes place through the carriage 2 of the retraction of the drilling device from the hole 62. However, the carriage 2 and thus the centering key 21 is not lifted away from the ground or the rock wall 6. The position of the carriage 2 with respect to the drilled gap hole 62 remains unchanged.

After complete retraction of the drilling device 5, the working head 24 is rotated by 180 ° (shown in FIG FIG. 5 ), and thereby at the same time driven the splitting device 5 exactly over the position of the drilled spatula 62. The carriage feed now lowers the gap insert 51 of the splitter 5 in the borehole. The correct positioning of the split insert 51 in the wellbore 62 (shown in FIG FIG. 6 ) is achieved by detecting a trigger attached to the cleavage device at a suitable location by the proximity sensor. The working position has been reached.

The splitting process is now carried out in the set gap direction 52. Finally, the carriage pulls back the splitting device from the now split split material.

The splitting direction can be adjusted in advance by rotating the splitting device about the cylinder axis of the splitting insert. For this purpose, corresponding releasable fastening means may be provided which allow a corresponding manual conversion. It may also be provided to change the orientation of the splitting device by a rotatable suspension. In a particularly advantageous variant, the gap direction can thus be selected individually for each hole, by the gap device being mechanically aligned prior to splitting.

With the illustrated device according to the invention, it is therefore possible to carry out the drilling-gap process in a single operation, that is to prepare the borehole and perform the splitting without the use of a separate splitting device or new preparation.

In the aforementioned embodiment of a device according to the invention, the drilling device and the splitting device are arranged in a line, ie rotated 180 ° relative to one another, on the working head. Alternatively, however, the drilling device and the splitting device can also be arranged at a different angle to one another, for example 120 °. Such an embodiment variant has the advantage that the maximum required height during operation is smaller, which is advantageous in the case of limited space at the top. In any case, it must be ensured that when drilling the hole or when inserting the gap insert the other device can not stand on the ground or on the rock wall. In practice, therefore, the angle must be greater than 90 °.

Runs the axis of action of the drill through the axis of rotation 27 of the working head 24, so advantageously the acting forces are transmitted directly to the mount 2 on the axis of rotation, and there are none of the tangential forces. Alternatively, however, the drilling device 4 and the gap device 5 can also be arranged laterally offset from the axis of rotation 27, as in FIG FIG. 7 shown. This allows a more compact design of the entire device. On the other hand, in such a case, in order to prevent damage to the rotary drive of the working head, the working head should be mechanically locked against drilling against the carriage before drilling. Incidentally, this is advantageous in all embodiments.

In a further advantageous embodiment of an inventive device, as in FIG. 8 illustrated, the axis of rotation 27 of the working head 24 is not perpendicular to Drum axis 26 and axis of the carriage 2 arranged, but tilted to this. Accordingly, the drilling device 4 and the gap device 5 are tilted against each other. Such a design also allows a significantly reduced height, while symmetrically acting force during drilling.

Another advantage of the embodiment FIG. 8 is that two identical devices can be arranged closer together than it is in the embodiment of FIG. 1 the case is without the rotation being restricted. This makes it possible to space-saving side by side to arrange two or more inventive devices. For example, a common adapter can be equipped with two separate, parallel carriages, each with a working head, so that two holes can be drilled and split in parallel.

In yet another advantageous embodiment of a device according to the invention, two or more drilling devices are arranged parallel to one another on a common carriage and on a common working head, and accordingly also two or more slitting devices.

The specific embodiments disclosed are not capable of limiting the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and the drawings, in addition to the disclosed examples which are also intended to be within the scope of the claims. Further, the contents of all references cited in the description should be construed by reference as part of this disclosure.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Device for drilling and splitting

11

Support structure, adapter

2

Carriage with linear guide

21

Centering element, centering wedge

22

rail

23

carriage

24

working head

25

Drive unit for linear guidance, linear drive

26

first axis, linear axis

27

second axis, axis of rotation

4

Drilling device, drill

41

drill pipe

42

Drill head, drill bit

43

Pendulum suspension drilling device

5

cleaving device

51

Split insert, splitting cylinder

52

cleavage direction

53

Pendulum suspension splitting device

6

Split material, rock

61

centering

62

well

63

gap

7

excavator

71

boom

Claims (15)

Device (1) for drilling and splitting a solid material (6), in particular rock or concrete, comprising a carriage (2) with a (22, 23) working head (24) displaceable transversely along a first axis (26) and one Drilling device (4), which is mounted on the working head (24) and which is adapted to drill in a working position parallel to the first axis (26) in the material a hole (62), characterized in that the working head (24) a splitting device (5) is mounted, which is adapted to generate in a working position parallel to the first axis (26) in a drilled hole (62) a splitting force acting at right angles to the hole axis, the working head (24) with respect to the carriage (2) is rotatable about a second axis (27) such that by rotating the working head about the second axis (27) and displacing the working head along the first axis (26), either the drilling device or the splitting device alternately into the Working position can be brought. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by means (21) for fixing the position of the carriage (2) with respect to the material (6). Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the fixing means comprise a centering element (21), for example a centering wedge, which is attached to one end of the carriage (2). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drilling device (4) comprises a drill or a percussion drill or a core drill. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the splitting device (4) comprises a gap insert (51), advantageously a splitting cylinder (51). Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drilling device (4) and the splitting device (5) are arranged at 180 ° opposite to the working head (24). Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second axis (27) relative to the first axis (26) is arranged at an angle of less than 90 °. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drilling device (4) is arranged on the working head (24) such that the forces acting during drilling pass through the second axis (27). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is mounted on a static or mobile device, for example on a boom (71) of an excavator (7), on a self-propelled chassis, or on a tripod. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by means for introducing a physical and / or chemical fissile material into the gap hole (62). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the working head (24) a plurality of parallel drilling devices (4) and a plurality of parallel gap devices (5) are mounted. Mobile or stationary machine (7), with a device according to one of claims 1 to 11. Method for splitting a solid material (6), in particular rock or concrete, carried out with a device according to one of claims 1 to 11. Method for splitting a solid material (6), in particular rock or concrete, in which
with a drilling device (4) in the material a hole (62) is drilled,
a gap device (5) is arranged in said hole, and
with the splitting device (5) the material is split,
characterized in that
a carriage (2) is provided, having a working head (24) which can be displaced transversely along a first axis (26) and rotatable about a second axis (27), and a boring device (4) and a splitting device (5 ) mounted on the working head (24);
with the drilling device (4) in the working position in the material a hole (62) is drilled;
the working head is thus displaced along the first axis (26) and rotated about the second axis (27), so that subsequently the splitting device (5) is in the working position in the borehole (62); and
with the splitting device (5) the material is split. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the carriage is temporarily fixed relative to the material (6) positively and / or non-positively fixed.

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