EP1990167A1 - Method and milling head for machining tops of post - Google Patents

Abstract

A milling head (1) has a central milling cutter (11) with central picks (111) and an annular milling cutter (12) with annular picks (121). Both cutters are coupled with each other and arranged coaxially with respect to the longitudinal axis (x) of a drive shaft. The central picks are disposed within a central circle, while the annular picks are disposed within an outer circle spaced from the central circle by a middle circle. Both circles are concentric with each other with respect to the drive shaft longitudinal axis. An independent claim is also included for a method for machining the head of a pre-manufactured pile.

Description

The invention relates to a milling head and a method for processing pile heads according to the preamble of patent claims 1 and 9, respectively.

Milling heads for civil engineering are, for example, from [1], "TOP TECHNOLOGY, WHICH WELTS WORLDWIDE", product catalog of erkat - spezialmaschinen - service - gmbh, www.erkat.de, and from [2], DE 100 41 275 A1 known.

From [1] a device for processing pile heads is known, which has a mounted on a hydraulic support device, such as an excavator, milling head (type: erkat 300-2L). According to [1], the head of a pile can be worked with this device within 30 minutes.

Piles of this type to be machined, which are typically provided with unstable ground to support a building object, consist of concrete, which can be loaded under pressure, and reinforcing iron, which is loaded on train. The dimensions of the piles are selected according to the construction object and the ground and can vary within a wide range. Typically, piles with lengths of 5 to 50 meters and diameters of 0.4 to 2 meters are used. For the production of the piles, for example, holes are drilled in the ground into which pipes are inserted. The reinforcing iron is inserted into the pipes and the concrete is filled. Earth material, which is located at the lower end of the tube is thereby displaced mostly upwards and found after completion of the pile in the head area, which is why this does not have the required strength. Furthermore, the pile or its head does not normally have the required dimensions. Optionally missing for the construction object required coupling elements. The pile head is therefore mostly processed and rebuilt in the required dimensions and the necessary quality.

For this purpose, the prefabricated, usually cylindrical pile head, for example, as shown in [1], machined by means of a milling head typically over a length of 0.4 to 1 meter to remove the defective concrete. The concrete must be removed in such a way that the typically arranged coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the pile reinforcing iron is not injured. By means of the milling head shown in [1], the pile core within the reinforcing iron is milled to the edge of the reinforcing iron, depending on the skill of the excavator operator whether it is injured or not. Subsequently, the outer pile casing adjoining the iron reinforcement is removed, which is even more difficult by means of the milling head according to [1]. However, if the iron reinforcement is violated, there are strength problems or even the need to rehabilitate the pile with considerable additional effort. The exposed original reinforcement must therefore meet certain requirements so that the supplementary reinforcement can be mounted.

After removal of the concrete and the exposure of the reinforcement, this is usually extended by the complementary reinforcement and provided with a shuttering, which corresponds to the dimensions of the newly created pile head. The casing is then filled with concrete and removed after solidification thereof.

With the device described in [1], the processing of the pile head is thus possible only with great expenditure of time and skill, whereby there is always a considerable risk that the reinforcement will be damaged.

In order to fulfill more complex tasks, [2] requires a complex system with several milling cutters of any shape indicated, which is not suitable for processing pile heads.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and an improved milling head, by means of which a pile head can be processed faster and more reliable, in particular without damaging the integrated reinforcement.

This object is achieved by a method and a milling head, which have the features specified in claim 1 or 9 features. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in further claims.

The milling head is used to machine the head of a prefabricated, sunken into the ground pile, which has a cylindrical pile core, a hollow cylindrical pile casing and an interposed, cast-in concrete metal reinforcement substantially. The chiselled milling head is connected by means of a coupling device with a drive shaft which is movable by means of a lifting and drive unit, in particular raised and lowered, and is rotatable for the operation of the milling head. As a lifting and drive unit is preferably an excavator or a cable crane, which carries a corresponding drive device.

According to the invention, a central milling cutter provided with a plurality of central chisels and a ring milling cutter provided with a plurality of annular chisels are fixedly coupled to one another and aligned coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft. The central chisels are arranged in a central annulus and the ring chisel, separated by a central annulus thereof, in an outer annulus, the annuli are at least approximately perpendicular and concentric with the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft.

With the method according to the invention and the milling head it is possible to remove segments of the pile core and of the pile casing at the same time without damaging the reinforcement of the pile lying in the region of the middle circular ring. Machining is done with high precision, so that the concrete can be removed even at a small distance of a few centimeters of the reinforcement. The remaining thin concrete sleeve, in which the reinforcement is enclosed, can then be quickly removed by means of another tool.

It is particularly advantageous that the segments of the pile core and the pile mantle can be removed by a linear lowering of the milling head. Complex movements of the milling head, which had to be carried out with a conventional tool by a skilled craftsman, omitted. The processing of the pile head therefore succeeds within a few minutes (earlier according to [1] half an hour). At the same time, the drill bit is evenly loaded so that more uniform and longer maintenance intervals result.

The central annulus, within which the central chisel of the central milling machine are seconded, is preferably shifted 5 cm to 20 cm outwards relative to the outer annulus, within which the ring chisels are arranged, so that when machining a pile head, the central milling machine first linearly into the pile core penetrates and the ring mill is adjusted accordingly. As an alternative to this positional shift of the central chisel, but preferably additionally, the central milling machine is provided with a central drill aligned coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft, which projects beyond the chisel and serves for the more precise guidance of the milling head during the machining of the pile.

The central chisel and the optionally provided central drill are arranged on the front side on a shaft, preferably provided with a conveyor spiral. The ring chisel are preferably mounted on an outer mounting ring which is fixed or detachably connected to a mounting cylinder.

The shank of the central milling machine and the mounting cylinder of the annular milling machine, which run coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft and thereby define an at least approximately hollow cylindrical void volume, are connected to the inside of a coupling plate, on the outside of which the coupling device which can be connected to the drive shaft is arranged. The coupling device preferably has a mounting sleeve with a polygonal hollow profile, in which the inserted drive shaft can be locked, for example by means of a bolt.

The provided on the milling, preferably identical chisel are subjected during operation of a high load and therefore preferably consist of a weldable or form-fitting mount and a chisel element can be inserted therein, which can be routinely replaced. Preferably, the brackets are secured by positive connections, e.g. Dovetail connections, connected to the associated mounting elements or mounting rings.

In a preferred embodiment of the central drill is front side in the shank of the central milling used, at the frontseitigem the central chisel are attached. The central drill can therefore easily be replaced.

In a further preferred embodiment of the insertable into the shaft central drill is connected to an inner mounting ring to which the central chisel are attached. The central chisel and the central drill can therefore be replaced with each other.

The inner and the outer diameter of the inner mounting ring and the outer mounting ring are preferably precise to the Dimensions of the pile and the position of the reinforcement in the pile adjusted so that maximum removal of concrete is ensured and there is a minimal risk of injury to the reinforcement.

If the inner mounting ring and / or the outer mounting ring are interchangeable, always the appropriate mounting rings can be placed to adapt the milling head to the pile to be processed.

In a further preferred embodiment, for example, a preferably manually operable coupling element is provided on the coupling plate, in which the shank of the central milling machine can be used. This results in the possibility to remove the entire central milling machine from the milling head and exchange.

For easy and rapid replacement of the outer mounting ring this is preferably via flange form-fitting, preferably by means of threaded or bayonet lock, connectable to the mounting cylinder.

Fig. 1

die Unterseite eines erfindungsgemässen Fräskopfs 1, der eine der Bearbeitung des Pfahlkerns 81 dienenden Zentralfräse 11 und eine dem Abtragen des Pfahlmantels 82 dienende Ringfräse 12 aufweist;

Fig. 2

einen teilweisen Schnitt durch den Fräskopf 1 mit den Fräselementen der Ringfräse 12 und den um die Distanz h3 tiefer liegenden Fräs- und Bohrelementen 111, 114 der Zentralfräse 11;

Fig. 3

den über eine Antriebswelle 2 mit einer Hub- und Antriebsvorrichtung verbundenen Fräskopf 1 mit den in Figur 2 gezeigten Bohr- und Fräselementen 111, 114, 121;

Fig. 4

den Fräskopf 1 von Figur 3 in dreidimensionaler Darstellung;

Fig. 5

den vorzugsweise ausgestalteten und in Schnittdarstellung gezeigten Fräskopf 1 von Figur 3 während der Bearbeitung eines Pfahles 8;

Fig. 6

den mit einer Förderspirale 113 versehenen Schaft 112 der Zentralfräse 11, die frontseitig mit einem Zentralbohrer 114 und Zentralmeisseln 111 versehen wird;

Fig. 7

den mit dem Schaft 112 von Figur 6 verbindbaren Zentralbohrer 114 mit einer Montageplatte 1140, an der die Zentralmeissel 111 vorgesehen sind;

Fig. 8

den Fräskopf 1 von oben gesehen mit einer Kupplungsvorrichtung 13, die aus einem Kupplungshülse 131 mit einem Sechskanthohlprofil und einem Kopplungsbolzen 132 besteht; und

Fig. 9

ein erfindungsgemäss bearbeiteter Kopf 80 eines in den Baugrund 6 eingelassenen Pfahls 8 sowie das in einem Arbeitsgang mit einer Vertikalbewegung abgetragene Material 9 in der ursprünglichen Form.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Showing:

Fig. 1

the underside of a milling head 1 according to the invention, which has a central milling machine 11 serving to process the pile core 81 and an annular milling machine 12 serving to remove the pile mantle 82;

Fig. 2

a partial section through the milling head 1 with the cutting elements of the circular milling machine 12 and the milling and drilling elements 111, 114 of the central milling machine 11 deeper by the distance h3;

Fig. 3

connected via a drive shaft 2 with a lifting and driving device milling head 1 with the in FIG. 2 shown drilling and milling elements 111, 114, 121;

Fig. 4

the milling head 1 of FIG. 3 in three-dimensional representation;

Fig. 5

the preferably designed and shown in section milling head 1 of FIG. 3 during the machining of a pile 8;

Fig. 6

the shank 112 provided with a conveying spiral 113 of the central milling machine 11, which is provided at the front with a central drill 114 and central chisels 111;

Fig. 7

with the shaft 112 of FIG. 6 connectable central drill 114 with a mounting plate 1140 on which the central chisel 111 are provided;

Fig. 8

the milling head 1 seen from above with a coupling device 13, which consists of a coupling sleeve 131 with a hexagonal hollow profile and a coupling pin 132; and

Fig. 9

an inventively processed head 80 of a recessed into the ground 6 pile 8 and the abraded in a single operation with a vertical movement material 9 in the original form.

FIG. 1 shows the underside of a milling head 1 according to the invention, which has a central milling machine 11 serving to machine the pile core 81 and an annular milling machine 12 serving to remove the pile muffle 82. The central milling machine 11 carries at the front a central drill 114 and six central chisels 111, which surround the central drill 114 along an inner circular ring kr1 in a ring-shaped manner. The annular milling machine 12 has a mounting ring 122 on the front, mounted on the four quadrants, six ring chisel 121 are, which act within an outer annulus kr3. Between the inner and outer circular ring kr1, kr3, a middle circular ring kr2 is kept free, into which none of the central chisel 111 or the ring chisel 121 can engage. When lowering the milling head 1, therefore, the material to be removed is removed in one operation, after which only one provided with the reinforcement 83 concrete sleeve 88 remains, which corresponds to the central annulus kr2.

FIG. 2 shows a partial section through the milling head 1 with the cutting elements of the circular milling machine 12 and the distance h3 deeper lying milling and drilling elements 111, 114 of the central milling machine 11. When vertical lowering of the milling head 1 on the head of the pile 8 (see FIG. 5 ) penetrates therefore first the central drill 114 in this one, whereby the milling head during further lowering and the engagement of the chisel 111, 121 is guided vertically precisely.

FIG. 3 shows a milling head 1 according to the invention with the in FIG. 2 The mounting ring 122 with the ring chisels 121 is connected to the underside of a hollow mounting cylinder 123 (see also FIG. 2 ) whose top is connected to a coupling plate 133. The mounting cylinder 123 is further provided with outlet openings 1231 through which the removed material can escape from the milling head 1.

At the top of the clutch plate 133, a coupling device 13 is attached (see also FIG. 8 ), which consists of a coupling sleeve 131 and a coupling pin 132 insertable therein. The secured by means of optionally provided reinforcing elements 134 coupling sleeve 131 comprises a hexagonal hollow profile into which the correspondingly designed drive shaft 2 can be inserted and locked by means of the coupling pin 132. After the in FIG. 3 With A symbolized coupling of the drive shaft 2, the milling head 1 can therefore be moved and rotated by means of the lifting and driving device. For this purpose, the drive shaft 2 connected to a suitably equipped excavator (see [1]) or crane.

In FIG. 3a Furthermore, one of the central chisel 121, which consists of a holder 1111 and a chisel element 1112, shown enlarged. The chisel element 1112 is held in an interference fit in the holder 1111 and can be knocked out after the occurrence of wear and replaced, if necessary be renewed, which is symbolized by B. The brackets can be welded or preferably by means of positive connections, such as dovetail connections mounted and optionally, for example by means of a bolt, secured. Form-fitting connection techniques are particularly suitable because the milling head is preferably always driven in the same direction. If the bracket is mounted form-fitting, it can be removed with a handle or a hammer blow. The central chisel 121 and the ring chisel 121 are preferably configured identically according to the needs of the user.

Optionally, the mounting cylinder 123 further comprises a window 1232 which allows manual engagement in the milling head 1 to actuate an optional provided on the underside of the coupling plate 133 coupling unit 14, in which the shaft 112 of the central milling machine 11 is inserted. In this preferred embodiment of the milling head 1 can therefore either a suitable or a new central milling machine 11, as a replacement for a worn-out central milling machine 11, are used, which is symbolized by C.

D symbolizes an option which allows drilling and / or milling elements 111, 114 of the central milling machine 11 to be optionally mounted and dismounted.

With E is symbolized an option that allows mounting and dismounting the mounting ring 122 provided with the ring chisels 121 on the mounting cylinder 123.

The options C, D and E, which may be isolated or in combination, provide significant advantages for the production, operation and maintenance of the milling head 1. Due to the interchangeability of the drilling and milling tools with a basic structure of the milling head 1 a variety of requirements be fulfilled. By choosing the drilling and milling tools in the desired dimensions, the milling head 1 can be adapted in a few steps to the respective structure and the dimensions of the pile 8 to be machined. By appropriate choice of the outer diameter rd2 of the mounting ring 122 can be adapted to the outside diameter d of the pile 8 (see FIG. 5 ). By appropriate choice of the inner diameter rd1 of the mounting ring 122 can be adjusted to the position of the reinforcement 83 within the pile 8. For adaptation to the core 81 of the pile 8 a suitable central milling machine 11 is used or a suitable milling ring 1140, 111 (see FIG. 7 , Diameter zd of the mounting plate 1140) is placed on the shank 112 of the central milling machine 11. The milling head 1 can therefore, with a few simple steps and without disassembly of the drive unit to a respective to be processed pile 8 are adjusted.

Particularly important is the removability of the inner and / or outer mounting plate 122 and 1140 also in terms of maintenance and service life of the milling head 1. The replacement of the inner and / or outer mounting plate 122 and 1140, the chisels are worn, can within a few minutes done so that no significant downtime results. In addition, the chisels can be easily repartitioned or replaced. A return to the workshop is possible because the milling and drilling units can be stored in a small space and kept in reserve.

FIG. 4 shows the milling head 1 of FIG. 3 in a three-dimensional representation and without window 1232. In this embodiment, the shaft 112 of the central milling machine is therefore firmly mounted or screwed. On the other hand, the options D and / or E described above can be advantageously used.

FIG. 5 shows the preferably designed and shown in section milling head 1 of FIG. 3 during the machining of a pile 8, which is shown cut open. The material of the pile head 80 has already been largely removed and discharged through the outlet openings 1231. The ring mill 12 has a segment of the pile mantle 82 and the central milling machine 11 has a slightly longer segment of the pile core 81 removed. The remaining concrete sleeve 88 can then be quickly removed with further tools, such as manually operated milling and clamping, remaining therewith a concrete sleeve 88 with the iron reinforcement 83 remaining therein intact. Out FIG. 5 It can be seen that the pile head 80 was processed very carefully, which is why the concrete was not completely removed to the reinforcement 83. By using a more suitable inner and outer mounting ring (see FIG. 2 and FIG. 7 ), however, manages to additionally remove concrete so that only a thin concrete sleeve 88 remains. In FIG. 5 is also shown that the outer mounting ring 122 is connected by a threaded flange with the mounting cylinder 123 and therefore can be easily solved (the mounting ring 122 is blocked and the mounting cylinder 123 is rotated by the drive device in the other direction. or the central milling ring 1140, 111 is preferably according to FIGS. 6 and 7 built and also dismantled.

FIG. 6 shows the provided with a conveyor spiral 113 shaft 112 of the central cutter 11, the front side has a receiving opening 1120, in which the connecting pin 1142 of the front side provided with carbide cutting edges 1141 central drill 114 is used. Furthermore, the shank 112 can be connected on the front with central chisels 111. For example, their brackets 1111 are welded to the shaft 112.

FIG. 7 shows the with the shaft 112 of FIG. 6 connectable central drill 114 with a mounting plate 1140 on which the milling cutter forming central chisel 111 are mounted.

The central drill 114 of FIG. 6 or provided with the Fräskranz central drill 114 of FIG. 6 can therefore optionally be connected to the shaft 112 and removed again.

FIG. 8 shows the milling head 1 seen from above with the above-discussed coupling piece 13th

FIG. 9 shows a head according to the invention processed 80 of a recessed into the ground 6 pile 8 and the abraded in a single operation with a vertical movement material 9 in the original form consisting of the removed core segment 91 and the removed shell segment 92nd

bibliography

• 111 "TOP TECHNOLOGY THAT HAS WAYS WORLDWIDE", product catalog of erkat - spezialmaschinen - service - gmbh, www.erkat.de
• [2] DE 100 41 275 A1

Claims (11)

Milling head (1) for machining the head (80) of a pile (8), which consists of a pile core (81), a pile jacket (82) and an intermediate metal reinforcement (83), with a coupling device (13), which with a Drive shaft (2) of a drive device is connectable, and with chisels (111, 121), which serve the removal of concrete, characterized in that provided with a plurality of central chisels (111) central milling machine (11) and one with a plurality of annular chisels (121) provided Ring milling machine (12) fixedly coupled to each other and aligned coaxially with the longitudinal axis (x) of the drive shaft (2), and that the central chisel (111) in a central annulus (kr1) and the ring chisel (121), by a central annulus (kr2) separated, are arranged in an outer circular ring (kr3), wherein the circular rings (kr1, kr3) are at least approximately perpendicular and concentric to the longitudinal axis (x) of the drive shaft (2). Milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the central circular ring (kr1) relative to the outer annulus (kr3) by preferably 5 cm to 20 cm outwardly displaced and / or that the central milling machine (11) with a coaxially aligned central drill (114) which projects beyond the chisels (111, 121) and serves to guide the milling head (1) during the machining of the pile (8). Milling head (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the central chisel (111) and the central drill (114) at the front of a preferably provided with a conveyor spiral (113) shaft (112) and / or that the annular chisel (121) an outer mounting ring (122) are mounted, which is fixed or detachably connected to a mounting cylinder (123). Milling head (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the shaft (112) and the mounting cylinder (123), which extend coaxially to the longitudinal axis (x) of the drive shaft (2), are connected to a coupling plate (133) on which Coupling device (13) is arranged. Milling head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coupling device (13) has a coupling sleeve (131) with a polygonal hollow profile, in which the inserted drive shaft (2) by means of a bolt (132) is lockable and / or in that the preferably identical central and ring chisels (111, 121) consist of a weldable or mountable mount (1111) and a chisel element (1112) which can be inserted therein. Milling head (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the central drill (114) can be inserted into the shaft (112) on the front side, at the front end of which the central chisels (111) are fastened, or in that the central drill (114) insertable into the shank (112) and connected to an inner mounting ring (1140) to which the central chisels (111) are attached. Milling head (1) according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the inner and outer diameter of the inner mounting ring (1040) and the outer mounting ring (122) to the dimensions of the pile (8) and the position of the reinforcement (83) in Stake (8) are adjusted within the second annulus (kr2) between the Central chisels (111) and the ring chisels (121) should lie. Milling head (1) according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the shank (112) of the central milling cutter can be inserted and locked in a coupling element (14) and / or that the outer mounting ring (122) is positively connected via flange elements, preferably by means of a thread - or bayonet lock, with the mounting cylinder (123) is connectable. Method for processing the head (80) of a prefabricated pile (8), which consists of a pile core (81), a pile casing (82) and an intermediate metal reinforcement (83), in particular with a milling head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pile core (81) and the pile jacket (82) of the pile head (80) are simultaneously removed by firmly or loosely coupled together milling units. Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that the pile core (81) is removed by a central milling cutter (11) provided with a plurality of central bits (111) and the pile jacket (82) is provided with an annular milling cutter (12) provided with a plurality of annular chisels (121). A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the central milling machine (11) and the annular milling machine (12) are driven jointly by means of a drive unit or separately by means of two drive units.

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