EP2246482B1 - Method and device for producing a localised low friction foundation element - Google Patents

Method and device for producing a localised low friction foundation element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2246482B1
EP2246482B1 EP20100004290 EP10004290A EP2246482B1 EP 2246482 B1 EP2246482 B1 EP 2246482B1 EP 20100004290 EP20100004290 EP 20100004290 EP 10004290 A EP10004290 A EP 10004290A EP 2246482 B1 EP2246482 B1 EP 2246482B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill
pile
pipe section
annulus
friction
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EP20100004290
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2246482A1 (en
Inventor
Erich Geier
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Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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Priority to EP20100004290 priority Critical patent/EP2246482B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a region-wise low-friction foundation element according to claim 1 and to an apparatus for creating a region-wise low-friction foundation element according to claim 9.
  • piles in particular concrete piles
  • Such piles transferred usually originate from the building forces on the one hand on the peak pressure at the footprint of the pile and on the other hand on the skin friction along the pile, that is on the pile shaft, in the surrounding soil from.
  • a method for creating a region as low-friction Gloisdungselements entspredend the preamble of claim 1 is made DE 100 23 467 C1 known.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device with which a particularly safe and reliable jacket friction reduction can be achieved with very little technical effort.
  • a pile in the soil is at least partially over-drilled with an annular space drill, and the annulus cleared when the pile is over-drilled is filled with a friction-reducing medium.
  • a basic idea of the invention can be seen in providing an additional tool, namely the annular space drill, for reducing jacket friction.
  • the cleared annulus is filled with a friction-reducing medium, which on the one hand supports the annulus against the surrounding soil material, but on the other hand, such a low resistance to shear that no significant Mantetreibungs originally be transmitted through the annulus.
  • the friction-reducing medium can be understood in particular to mean a medium which transmits the skin friction and / or a shear less well than the soil material itself cleared away in the annular space.
  • the invention makes it possible to perform the jacket friction reduction with a time interval for the preparation of the pile, in particular at a time when the concrete of the pile is at least partially or completely cured.
  • a time interval for the preparation of the pile in particular at a time when the concrete of the pile is at least partially or completely cured.
  • the drilling depth of the annular space drill and thus the depth of the cleared annular space along the pile determines the extent of the area of the jacket friction reduction. Accordingly, the annular space drill according to the invention drilled so far as a jacket friction reduction is desired. It is particularly preferred that the jacket friction reduction takes place in an upper region of the pile, and the annular space drill is correspondingly drilled from above.
  • the annular space drill can also be referred to as a hollow drill or as a core drill.
  • the pile may in particular be a bored pile, that is to say a pile which is introduced in a borehole.
  • the pile according to the invention can also be referred to as a bored pile, in particular as a large boring pile.
  • the pile can also be shaken, for example, as a precast element or otherwise introduced.
  • the pile may be an in-situ concrete pile.
  • a concrete pile may expediently at least one reinforcing element, preferably a reinforcement cage, which is surrounded by concrete.
  • a civil engineering tool in particular a drill bit, is first introduced into the ground to produce the cast-in-place pile, and the cavity formed during the introduction of the civil engineering tool is filled with liquid concrete.
  • filling with concrete can be done by pulling the drill, and by piping drilling while pulling the support tube.
  • the pile can also be a precast pile. In such a pile hardened elements are introduced into the ground, in particular screwed in, screwed wrapped or vibrated.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the pile is overdrilled when the liquid concrete of the pile begins to harden and / or is at least partially cured.
  • the fact that the pile is only over-drilled after the concrete has reached a certain strength it can be ensured that the structure of the concrete with the reinforcement cage by the over-drilling suffered no impairment.
  • the inner diameter of the annular space drill is at least as large as the outer diameter of the pile. This measure also serves to protect the pile structure when attaching the friction reduction.
  • the inner diameter of the annular space drill can be understood in particular to be an inner diameter of a pipe section and / or a drill bit arranged on the front side on the pipe section.
  • the inner diameter of the annular space drill is chosen so that it is at least as large as the outer diameter of the reinforcing cage and the necessary concrete cover the reinforcing cage.
  • the friction-reducing medium may be a fluid, in particular a suspension which can support the annulus against the surrounding borehole wall.
  • the medium may also be a bulk material and, for example, have round grain.
  • the medium can also be made thixotropic.
  • a foam can be used as a friction-reducing medium. To minimize the transmission of frictional forces, this is the friction-reducing Medium expediently non-hardening or at best little hardening.
  • the friction-reducing medium has a bentonite suspension, a bentonite-cement suspension, a polymer suspension or / and a soft gel.
  • the medium has the property that it does not run away in mobile floors, but seals, for example by the formation of a filter cake in the bottom of the annulus to the borehole wall.
  • the medium can also be introduced in the form of a soft gel, which may consist essentially of water glass and hardeners.
  • a soft gel which may consist essentially of water glass and hardeners.
  • Such a gel has a low shear strength, so that virtually no shear forces or shell friction forces can be transmitted to the pile shaft.
  • the medium may also be a mixture of water, clay flour such as bentonite and a self-hardening binder.
  • the material in the annulus receives only low compressive strengths and therefore can transmit even low shear stresses.
  • the introduced medium is chosen so that it does not run away from the annular space, but rather that the resulting annular space remains filled over a relatively long period of time. It has been observed that, when using a bentonite suspension, a filter cake is formed, in particular in the case of non-cohesive soils, which as a rule prevents the suspension from flowing away further.
  • the process complexity can be reduced by feeding the friction-reducing medium into the annular space via at least one line running on the annular space drill.
  • the tool which produces the annulus also serves at the same time to fill the annulus with the medium.
  • It can also be provided on the annular space drill several lines.
  • the line may in particular be arranged on the outside of the annular space drill and / or it may be from the ground level to near the earth side Pipe end of the annular space drill extend on which a drill bit with teeth can be located.
  • the friction-reducing medium may be considered to fill the friction-reducing medium into the annular space after the annular space drill is removed from the annular space.
  • the borehole wall must be stable.
  • the introduction of the friction-reducing medium can also be started before pulling the annular space drill, especially even when sinking the annular space drill.
  • the friction-reducing medium for example, serve as a rinsing and / or support fluid during the drilling of the annular space drill.
  • the friction-reducing medium is introduced at the latest when the annular space drill is withdrawn from the ground.
  • it may be expedient that the medium is introduced at the latest after reaching the lowest point in the annulus, while the soil material is conveyed on at least one helix of Annulus drill to the earth's surface.
  • the over-drilling takes place with the addition of a supporting and / or rinsing liquid.
  • the device according to the invention for producing a low-friction foundation element is formed with an annular space drill for over-drilling a pile, wherein the annular space drill has a pipe section, on the front side a drill bit is arranged, and wherein along the pipe section extends at least one line, which for supplying a friction-reducing medium in a ring space cleared when over-drilling the pile, and wherein the pipe section has at least one delivery spiral on the outside.
  • the device can be used in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the friction-reducing medium can in principle consist of all materials that do not run away into the surrounding soil, but still have such a low strength and low viscosity that no significant skin friction forces can be transferred to the inner shaft of the pile.
  • the medium is preferably a bentonite suspension or a polymer suspension or a mixture of both. However, the medium may also be formed as a soft gel component.
  • the medium may also be a mixture of water, bentonite and a hardening binder, wherein this suspension is then adjusted in their strength so that they can transmit only slight shell friction forces, that is, shear stresses.
  • the conduit which serves to supply the friction-reducing medium can, for example, run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe section. But it can also be arranged, for example, helically.
  • the line is arranged on the outside of the pipe section.
  • the line can run on the outer jacket of the tube. This makes it possible to drill with the annular space drill near the pile, so that in particular it can be avoided that less stable soil residues remain on the mantle of the pile.
  • the line extends into the region of the drill bit. This allows a particularly complete filling of the medium in the annulus. At the same time, any existing supporting or rinsing liquid can be displaced particularly effectively.
  • the line expediently extends from the earth's surface to the earth-side end of the pipe section.
  • the line expediently has an outlet opening which is arranged on the outer shell side of the annular space drill.
  • the pipe section has a length which is at least as large as the depth of the clearing annular space.
  • the annular space drill according to the invention usually longer than conventional core drills, which are lowered with the help of a Kelly bar several times in the hole.
  • the pipe section may have at least one delivery spiral on the outside.
  • a conveyor coil expediently extends at least approximately along the entire pipe section.
  • the conveyor coil can extend at least over a region which corresponds to the depth of the annular space to be produced.
  • the conveyor coil is expediently formed continuously. It can also be provided several conveyor coils.
  • the pipe section in the region of the drill bit has on the outside at least one further starter helix which extends over a partial region of the pipe section.
  • the beginner helix is present in addition to the delivery helix, so that an at least two-start arrangement is obtained.
  • the starter coil according to the invention extends in the lower, bottom-side region of the pipe section. It can support the loosening of the pending soil, wherein the material removal after over-ground takes place on account of the limited height of the beginners spiral finally over the conveyor spiral.
  • At least one cutting edge is arranged at the lower end of the conveying helix and / or the beginner helix.
  • Such a cutting edge can also protect the lower end of the respective coil from wear. Appropriately, therefore, the cutting edge on a carbide.
  • at least one flat cutting edge is arranged at the end of the conveying helix and / or the starter helix.
  • at least one of the above-mentioned cutting edges is designed as a flat cutting edge.
  • Such a flat blade can act as a blade, which promotes the soil material on the helix.
  • the flat cutting edge can in particular be arranged on a flat tooth.
  • the pipe section in particular in the region of the drill bit, ie in a drill bit side, Lower end portion, at least one passage opening for discharging material from the interior of the pipe section.
  • Solved concrete and soil material from the space between the pile shaft and the pipe inner wall can be conveyed outward through this passage opening, in order to get from there via the at least one spiral to the earth's surface.
  • the material can easily get out of the inner annulus in the outer annulus, it is expedient to provide a purge connection in the interior of the pipe section, for gaseous or liquid rinsing media.
  • At least one cutting edge is provided on the inner casing of the pipe section, which extends into the interior of the pipe section. With such an edge little stable soil material can be released from the mantle of the pile.
  • the cutting edge is expediently located in the region of the passage opening, so that efficient removal of material from the inside to the outside is ensured. Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous that at least one cutting edge is provided at the passage opening, which extends into the interior of the pipe section.
  • the drill bit can be occupied according to the invention with drill teeth and / or drill bits.
  • the drill bits or drill bits arranged at the lower end of the pipe section in the drill bit are preferably arranged to cut an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the pipe section and / or to intersect an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe section ,
  • Such an arrangement can ensure that the shaft of the pile does not jam in the interior of the pipe section. Accordingly, it is advantageous that the removal cross section of the drill bit projects beyond the pipe section on the inside and / or outside.
  • the device according to the invention has a drill drive for rotationally driving the annular space drill.
  • the device may be formed, for example, as a large rotary drilling rig with a mast on which the drilling drive is arranged vertically adjustable.
  • the device may comprise a flushing head, which allows fluid communication between a non-rotating connecting line and the conduit rotating together with the annular space drill, which is provided for supplying the friction-reducing medium.
  • the flushing head which can also be referred to as a rotary feedthrough, is expediently arranged between the drill drive and the annular space drill.
  • the pipe section has a lid which is connected via a flushing head directly to the rotary drive. Under the direct connection can be understood in particular that between the drill drive and pipe section no drill pipe is present.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 An embodiment of a Ringraumbohrers invention 50 is in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown.
  • the annular space drill 50 has a cylindrical tube section 51 on which a drill bit 52 with a plurality of drill teeth 53 is arranged on the front side.
  • a lid 55 At the opposite end face, the pipe section 51, as in particular in Fig. 3 can be seen, a lid 55.
  • this Cover 55 is expediently provided at least one passage opening for the supply of the medium and / or pressure equalization.
  • the lid 55 may also consist only of struts.
  • a beginner coil 64 On the outer surface of the tube section 51 of the annular space drill 50 two coils are arranged, a beginner coil 64 and a conveyor coil 62. While the beginner coil 64 extends only in the lower region of the tube section 51, that is in the region of the drill bit 52, the conveyor coil 62 is formed longer and extends almost along the entire pipe section 51. Typically, the beginner's turn 64 may be formed with 0.5 to 5 turns around the pipe section 51. In the illustrated embodiment, a circulation is provided. The conveyor coil 62 has a larger number of circulations than the beginner coil 64. At the lower end of the conveyor coil 62, a flat cutting edge 63 and at the lower end of the beginner's spiral 64, a flat cutting edge 65 is arranged.
  • the drill teeth 53 and the flat cutting edges 63, 65 are adapted to work below the annular space drill 50 located soil material to form an annular space when the annular space drill 50 is rotated in a method according to the invention about the longitudinal axis of the pipe section 51.
  • a pile located in the ground can be overdrilled, ie the annular space is cut around the shaft of the pile.
  • the flat cutting edges 63 and 65 are designed to release the bottom underneath the helices 62, 64, and in addition to deliver the loosened material to the helixes 62, 64.
  • the helices 62, 64 convey the dissolved material upwards when the annular space drill 50 is rotated about the longitudinal axis of the tube section 51 in the method according to the invention.
  • through holes 71 and 72 are provided in the pipe section, in the illustrated embodiment, for example, two diametrically opposite through holes 71 and 72 are given.
  • the passage openings 71, 72 are arranged at the level of at least one of the helices 62, 64. These through-holes 71, 72 allow during drilling operation material transport from the interior of the pipe section 51 to the outside and thus to the helices 62, 64 out.
  • At the through holes 71, 72 each have a flat cutting edge 73 and 74, respectively.
  • the scoop-like Flat cutters 73, 74 extend into the interior of the tube section 51. They can serve to remove soil material at the over-drilled pile and / or to convey soil material to the through-openings 71, 72.
  • protrusions 76 which serve as spacers to position the annular space drill 50 relative to the over-drilled pile.
  • the spacers 76 may also be disposed on the drill bit 52.
  • two lines 60 and 61 are provided in the illustrated embodiment, which extend on opposite sides of the pipe section 51 along the pipe section 51, and in the region of the drill bit 52 below Formation of outlet openings end.
  • the two lines 60, 61 penetrate the conveyor spiral 62 and the beginner coil 64.
  • the annular space drill 50 of the FIGS. 1 to 3 be operated by means of a drill drive 80 rotating.
  • This drill drive 80 is expediently coupled via a flushing head 81 with the cover 55 of the annular space drill 50, wherein the flushing head 81 serves for the rotatable coupling of the lines 60, 61 with a connection line, not shown.
  • FIGS. 4 to 8 are the successive process steps in an embodiment of a method according to the invention for creating a low-friction foundation element using the annular bore 50 of the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown.
  • a borehole 9 in the bottom 1 is first created by means of a drill 8 designed, for example, as a screw drill.
  • a reinforcement cage 12 is introduced into the wellbore 9 and the wellbore 9 is concreted to the desired height. As a result, a trained as a concrete pile pile 10 is obtained.
  • this post 10 is then over-drilled by means of the annular space drill 50, as soon as the concrete of the pile 10 is at least partially cured.
  • the annular space drill 50 is arranged coaxially to the post 10, by means of the in Fig. 7 shown drilling drive 80 in rotation offset and lowered along the post 10 in the bottom 1.
  • drilling drive 80 in rotation offset and lowered along the post 10 in the bottom 1.
  • Fig. 7 shows, the over-drilling is continued until with the annular space 50, the depth is reached, to which the skin friction of the pile 10 is to be reduced.
  • the annular space drill 50 is then pulled out of the annular space 3, wherein a friction-reducing medium 4 is introduced into the annular space 3 until the annular space 3 is filled (see. Fig. 8 ).
  • the finished pile 10 is thus separated in its upper part on the located in the annular space 3 friction-reducing medium 4 from the surrounding soil 1, so that in this upper region no significant friction force transmission between the pile 10 and the surrounding soil 1 more can take place.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erstellen eines bereichsweise reibungsarmen Gründungselements gemäß Anspruch 1 und eine Vorrichtung zum Erstellen eines bereichsweise reibungsarmen Gründungselements gemäß Anspruch 9.The invention relates to a method for producing a region-wise low-friction foundation element according to claim 1 and to an apparatus for creating a region-wise low-friction foundation element according to claim 9.

Es ist bekannt, zur Gründung von Bauwerken Pfähle, insbesondere Betonpfähle, in den Boden einzubringen. Derartige Pfähle übertragen in der Regel die vom Bauwerk herrührenden Kräfte einerseits über den Spitzendruck an der Aufstandsfläche des Pfahls und andererseits über die Mantelreibung längs des Pfahls, das heißt am Pfahlschaft, in das umgebende Erdreich ab.It is known to introduce piles, in particular concrete piles, into the ground for the foundation of structures. Such piles transferred usually originate from the building forces on the one hand on the peak pressure at the footprint of the pile and on the other hand on the skin friction along the pile, that is on the pile shaft, in the surrounding soil from.

Ein Verfahren zum Erstellen eines bereichs weise reibungsarmen Ggründungselements entspredend den Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1 ist aus DE 100 23 467 C1 bekannt.A method for creating a region as low-friction Ggründungselements entspredend the preamble of claim 1 is made DE 100 23 467 C1 known.

Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass es in besonderen Fällen vorteilhaft wäre, die Übertragung von Mantelreibung im oberen Bereich von solchen Pfählen auszuschließen, und zwar insbesondere dann, wenn die Pfähle in der Nähe eines bestehenden unterirdischen Bauwerks verlaufen. Denn in diesem Fall werden die über die Mantelreibung im oberen Bereich des Pfahls abgeleiteten Kräfte unter Umständen in den benachbarten Baukörper eingeleitet, was zu einer zusätzlichen Belastung des Baukörpers führen kann. Es sind daher verschiedene Maßnahmen zum zumindest teilweisen Ausschluss der Mantelreibung erprobt worden.However, it has been found that it would be advantageous in special cases to preclude the transmission of skin friction at the top of such piles, especially when the piles are near an existing underground structure. Because in this case, the derived over the skin friction in the upper part of the pile forces may be introduced into the adjacent structure, which may lead to an additional burden on the building. There are therefore various measures for at least partial exclusion of the skin friction have been tested.

So ist beispielsweise versucht worden, den oberen Bereich des Bewehrungskorbs des fraglichen Betonpfahls beim Einbringen mit Folienschichten oder einer Luftpolsterfolie zu versehen, welche die Reibung mindern sollen. Diese Vorgehensweise kann jedoch vergleichsweise aufwändig und teuer sein.For example, it has been attempted to provide the upper portion of the reinforcing cage of the concrete pile in question with foil layers or a bubble wrap to reduce friction. However, this procedure can be comparatively complex and expensive.

Überdies ist versucht worden, im oberen Bereich des Betonpfahls den Bewehrungskorb durch zwei konzentrische Stahlrohre mit einem dazwischenliegenden Hohlraum zu ersetzen, wobei der Hohlraum zur Kraftentkopplung dienen soll. Auch dieses Vorgehen kann jedoch vergleichsweise teuer und aufwändig sein. Insbesondere besteht beim Betonieren des Pfahls die Gefahr, dass der Beton auch in den Hohlraum zwischen den Stahlrohren eindringt, welcher eigentlich zur Kraftentkopplung dienen soll. Es sind daher unter Umständen Absperrtechniken erforderlich, die das Eindringen des Betons verhindern. Diese Techniken erhöhen den Aufwand jedoch weiter und haben sich in der Praxis zum Teil nicht immer als zuverlässig erwiesen.Moreover, attempts have been made to replace the reinforcing cage in the upper region of the concrete pile by two concentric steel tubes with an intermediate cavity, the cavity being intended for force decoupling. However, this procedure can also be comparatively expensive and expensive. In particular, when concreting the pile there is a risk that the concrete also penetrates into the cavity between the steel pipes, which actually should serve for power decoupling. Therefore, it may be necessary shut-off techniques that prevent the penetration of the concrete. These techniques, however, further increase the effort and have not always proven to be reliable in practice.

Auch ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die Bohrpfähle häufig mit einer Verrohrung hergestellt werden müssen, nämlich insbesondere in den Fällen, in denen der Boden nicht übermäßig dicht und standfest ist. Beim verrohrten Bohren müssen die Stahlrohre, die zur Reibungsminderung im oberen Teil des Pfahls angeordnet werden, aber kleiner als der Innendurchmesser der Verrohrung sein, was ihre Einsatzmöglichkeiten beschränken kann.It should also be borne in mind that bored piles often have to be made with piping, particularly in those cases where the soil is not overly dense and stable. In cased drilling, however, the steel tubes that are placed in the upper part of the pile for friction reduction must be smaller than the inner diameter of the casing, which may limit their use.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung anzugeben, mit denen eine besonders sichere und zuverlässige Mantelreibungsreduzierung mit besonders geringem technischen Aufwand erzielt werden kann. The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device with which a particularly safe and reliable jacket friction reduction can be achieved with very little technical effort.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a device having the features of claim 9. Preferred embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Erstellen eines reibungsarmen Gründungselements ist vorgesehen, dass ein Pfahl im Boden zumindest bereichsweise mit einem Ringraumbohrer überbohrt wird, und der beim Überbohren des Pfahls freigeräumte Ringraum mit einem reibungsmindernden Medium gefüllt wird.In the method according to the invention for producing a low-friction foundation element, it is provided that a pile in the soil is at least partially over-drilled with an annular space drill, and the annulus cleared when the pile is over-drilled is filled with a friction-reducing medium.

Ein Grundgedanke der Erfindung kann darin gesehen werden, zur Mantelreibungsreduzierung ein zusätzliches Werkzeug, nämlich den Ringraumbohrer, vorzusehen. Mit diesem Zusatzwerkzeug wird der Bereich des Schafts des Pfahls, dessen Mantelreibung verringert werden soll, überbohrt, das heißt es wird mittels des Ringraumbohrers ein Ringraum erstellt, der den Schaft des Pfahls umgibt, und der somit den Pfahl bereichsweise vom umgebenden Erdreich trennt. Der freigeräumte Ringraum wiederum wird mit einem reibungsmindernden Medium aufgefüllt, welches einerseits den Ringraum gegenüber dem umgebenden Bodenmaterial stützt, welches aber andererseits einer Scherung einen so geringen Widerstand entgegensetzt, dass keine nennenswerten Mantetreibungskräfte über den Ringraum übertragen werden. Demgemäß kann unter dem reibungsmindernden Medium insbesondere ein Medium verstanden werden, welches die Mantelreibung und/oder eine Scherung weniger gut überträgt als das im Ringraum abgeräumte Bodenmaterial selbst.A basic idea of the invention can be seen in providing an additional tool, namely the annular space drill, for reducing jacket friction. With this additional tool, the area of the shaft of the pile, whose skin friction is to be reduced, over-drilled, that is, by means of the annulus an annular space created that surrounds the shaft of the pile, and thus partially separates the pile from the surrounding soil. The cleared annulus turn is filled with a friction-reducing medium, which on the one hand supports the annulus against the surrounding soil material, but on the other hand, such a low resistance to shear that no significant Mantetreibungskräfte be transmitted through the annulus. Accordingly, the friction-reducing medium can be understood in particular to mean a medium which transmits the skin friction and / or a shear less well than the soil material itself cleared away in the annular space.

Die Erfindung erlaubt es, die Mantelreibungsreduzierung mit zeitlichem Abstand zur Erstellung des Pfahls durchzuführen, und zwar insbesondere zu einem Zeitpunkt, an dem der Beton des Pfahls zumindest teilweise oder vollständig ausgehärtet ist. Im Gegensatz zu Verfahren, bei denen die reibungsmindernden Anordnungen bereits während der Pfahlerstellung platziert werden müssen, wie beispielsweise beim eingangs erwähnten Stahlrohrsystem, ist daher erfindungsgemäß ein Eindringen von Beton aus dem Pfahl in die reibungsmindernde Struktur in der Regel nicht mehr möglich. Somit können erfindungsgemäß die entsprechenden kostenaufwändigen Absperrmaßnahmen entfallen. Folglich kann erfindungsgemäß in besonders kostengünstiger Weise eine besonders zuverlässige Mantelreibungsreduzierung gewährleistet werden.The invention makes it possible to perform the jacket friction reduction with a time interval for the preparation of the pile, in particular at a time when the concrete of the pile is at least partially or completely cured. In contrast to methods in which the friction-reducing arrangements must already be placed during the pile creation, as for example in the steel pipe system mentioned above, according to the invention therefore penetration of concrete from the pile into the friction-reducing structure is generally no longer possible. Thus, according to the invention, the corresponding costly shut-off measures can be omitted. Consequently, a particularly reliable jacket friction reduction can be ensured according to the invention in a particularly cost-effective manner.

Die Bohrtiefe des Ringraumbohrers und somit die Tiefe des freigeräumten Ringraums längs des Pfahls bestimmt die Ausdehnung des Bereichs der Mantelreibungsreduzierung. Demgemäß wird erfindungsgemäß der Ringraumbohrer so weit abgebohrt, wie eine Mantelreibungsreduzierung gewünscht ist. Besonders bevorzugt ist es, dass die Mantelreibungsreduzierung in einem oberen Bereich des Pfahls erfolgt, und der Ringraumbohrer entsprechend von oben abgebohrt wird. Der Ringraumbohrer kann auch als Hohlbohrer oder als Kernbohrer bezeichnet werden.The drilling depth of the annular space drill and thus the depth of the cleared annular space along the pile determines the extent of the area of the jacket friction reduction. Accordingly, the annular space drill according to the invention drilled so far as a jacket friction reduction is desired. It is particularly preferred that the jacket friction reduction takes place in an upper region of the pile, and the annular space drill is correspondingly drilled from above. The annular space drill can also be referred to as a hollow drill or as a core drill.

Bei dem Pfahl kann es sich insbesondere um einen Bohrpfahl handeln, das heißt um einen Pfahl, der in einem Bohrloch eingebracht ist. Demgemäß kann der erfindungsgemäße Pfahl auch als Bohrpfahl, insbesondere als Großbohrpfahl, bezeichnet werden. Grundsätzlich kann der Pfahl aber beispielsweise auch als Fertigteilelement eingerüttelt werden oder anderweitig eingebracht werden.The pile may in particular be a bored pile, that is to say a pile which is introduced in a borehole. Accordingly, the pile according to the invention can also be referred to as a bored pile, in particular as a large boring pile. In principle, however, the pile can also be shaken, for example, as a precast element or otherwise introduced.

Insbesondere kann es sich bei dem Pfahl um einen Ortbetonpfahl handeln. Ein solcher Betonpfahl kann zweckmäßigerweise zumindest ein Bewehrungselement, vorzugsweise einen Bewehrungskorb, aufweisen, welches von Beton umgeben ist. Zweckmäßigerweise wird zum Herstellen des Ortbetonpfahls zunächst ein Tiefbauwerkzeug, insbesondere ein Bohrer, in den Boden eingebracht, und der beim Einbringen des Tiefbauwerkzeugs entstehende Hohlraum mit Flüssigbeton verfüllt. Beim unverrohrten Bohren kann das Verfüllen mit Beton beim Ziehen des Bohrers erfolgen, und beim verrohrten Bohren beim Ziehen des Stützrohres. Der Pfahl kann aber auch ein Fertigteilpfahl sein. Bei einem solchen Pfahl werden ausgehärtete Elemente in den Boden eingebracht, insbesondere eingedreht, eingeschraubt eingeschlagen oder einvibriert.In particular, the pile may be an in-situ concrete pile. Such a concrete pile may expediently at least one reinforcing element, preferably a reinforcement cage, which is surrounded by concrete. Conveniently, a civil engineering tool, in particular a drill bit, is first introduced into the ground to produce the cast-in-place pile, and the cavity formed during the introduction of the civil engineering tool is filled with liquid concrete. For uncased drilling, filling with concrete can be done by pulling the drill, and by piping drilling while pulling the support tube. The pile can also be a precast pile. In such a pile hardened elements are introduced into the ground, in particular screwed in, screwed wrapped or vibrated.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung liegt darin, dass der Pfahl überbohrt wird, wenn der Flüssigbeton des Pfahls zu erhärten beginnt und/oder zumindest teilweise ausgehärtet ist. Dadurch, dass der Pfahl erst überbohrt wird, nachdem der Beton eine gewisse Festigkeit erreicht hat, kann gewährleistet werden, dass die Struktur des Betons mit dem Bewehrungskorb durch das Überbohren keine Beeinträchtigung erleidet. Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Pfahl zu einem Zeitpunkt überbohrt wird, wenn der Beton des Pfahls bereits eine höhere Festigkeit entwickelt hat oder gar vollständig ausgehärtet ist.A preferred embodiment of the invention is that the pile is overdrilled when the liquid concrete of the pile begins to harden and / or is at least partially cured. The fact that the pile is only over-drilled after the concrete has reached a certain strength, it can be ensured that the structure of the concrete with the reinforcement cage by the over-drilling suffered no impairment. In particular, it can be provided that the pile is overdrilled at a time when the concrete of the pile has already developed a higher strength or even completely cured.

Weiterhin ist zweckmäßig, dass der Innendurchmesser des Ringraumbohrers mindestens so groß ist wie der Außendurchmesser des Pfahls. Auch diese Maßnahme dient dem Schutz der Pfahlstruktur beim Anbringen der Reibungsminderung. Unter dem Innendurchmesser des Ringraumbohrers kann insbesondere ein Innendurchmesser eines Rohrabschnitts und/oder einer stirnseitig am Rohrabschnitt angeordneten Bohrkrone verstanden werden. Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Innendurchmesser des Ringraumbohrers so gewählt, dass er zumindest genauso groß ist wie der Außendurchmesser des Bewehrungskorbs und der notwendigen Betonüberdeckung des Bewehrungskorbs.Furthermore, it is expedient that the inner diameter of the annular space drill is at least as large as the outer diameter of the pile. This measure also serves to protect the pile structure when attaching the friction reduction. The inner diameter of the annular space drill can be understood in particular to be an inner diameter of a pipe section and / or a drill bit arranged on the front side on the pipe section. Conveniently, the inner diameter of the annular space drill is chosen so that it is at least as large as the outer diameter of the reinforcing cage and the necessary concrete cover the reinforcing cage.

Geeigneterweise kann das reibungsmindernde Medium ein Fluid sein, insbesondere eine Suspension, welches den Ringraum gegen die umgebende Bohrlochwandung abstützen kann. Das Medium kann aber auch ein Schüttgut sein und zum Beispiel runde Körnung aufweisen. Das Medium kann auch thixotrop ausgeführt sein. Auch kann ein Schaum als reibungsminderndes Medium zum Einsatz kommen. Um die Übertragung von Reibungskräften zu minimieren, ist das reibungsmindernde Medium zweckmäßigerweise nicht aushärtend oder allenfalls wenig aushärtend.Suitably, the friction-reducing medium may be a fluid, in particular a suspension which can support the annulus against the surrounding borehole wall. The medium may also be a bulk material and, for example, have round grain. The medium can also be made thixotropic. Also, a foam can be used as a friction-reducing medium. To minimize the transmission of frictional forces, this is the friction-reducing Medium expediently non-hardening or at best little hardening.

Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass das reibungsmindernde Medium eine Bentonit-Suspension, eine Bentonit-Zement-Suspension, eine Polymer-Suspension oder/und ein Weichgel aufweist. Beispielsweise kann das Medium aus Wasser, Tonmehl wie Bentonit und insbesondere auch aus stabilisierenden Zusatzmitteln bestehen. Diese Zusatzmittel können auch im wesentlichen Polymere sein. Vorzugsweise hat das Medium die Eigenschaft, dass es in rolligen Böden nicht wegläuft, sondern beispielsweise durch die Bildung eines Filterkuchens im Boden den Ringraum zur Bohrlochwandung hin abdichtet.In particular, it can be provided that the friction-reducing medium has a bentonite suspension, a bentonite-cement suspension, a polymer suspension or / and a soft gel. For example, the medium of water, clay flour such as bentonite and in particular also consist of stabilizing additives. These additives may also be substantially polymers. Preferably, the medium has the property that it does not run away in mobile floors, but seals, for example by the formation of a filter cake in the bottom of the annulus to the borehole wall.

Das Medium kann auch in Form eines Weichgels eingebracht werden, das im wesentlichen aus Wasserglas und Härtern bestehen kann. Ein solches Gel weist eine geringe Scherfestigkeit auf, so dass praktisch keine Scherkräfte oder Mantelreibungskräfte auf den Pfahlschaft übertragen werden können.The medium can also be introduced in the form of a soft gel, which may consist essentially of water glass and hardeners. Such a gel has a low shear strength, so that virtually no shear forces or shell friction forces can be transmitted to the pile shaft.

Das Medium kann auch eine Mischung aus Wasser, Tonmehlen wie Bentoniten und einem selbsterhärtenden Bindemittel sein. In diesem Fall erhält das Material im Ringraum nur geringe Druckfestigkeiten und kann folglich auch nur geringe Schubspannungen übertragen.The medium may also be a mixture of water, clay flour such as bentonite and a self-hardening binder. In this case, the material in the annulus receives only low compressive strengths and therefore can transmit even low shear stresses.

Um eine hinreichende Stabilität über einen längeren Zeitraum zu gewährleisten, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das eingebrachte Medium so gewählt wird, dass es nicht aus dem Ringraum wegläuft, sondern dass der entstandene Ringraum über einen längeren Zeitraum gefüllt bleibt. Es wurde beobachtet, dass sich bei der Verwendung einer Bentonit-Suspension insbesondere bei nicht-bindigen Böden ein Filterkuchen ausbildet, der in der Regel ein weiteres Wegfließen der Suspension verhindert.To ensure adequate stability over a longer period of time, it is advantageous if the introduced medium is chosen so that it does not run away from the annular space, but rather that the resulting annular space remains filled over a relatively long period of time. It has been observed that, when using a bentonite suspension, a filter cake is formed, in particular in the case of non-cohesive soils, which as a rule prevents the suspension from flowing away further.

Der Verfahrensaufwand kann dadurch reduziert werden, dass das reibungsmindernde Medium über zumindest eine am Ringraumbohrer verlaufende Leitung in den Ringraum zugeführt wird. In diesem Falle dient das Werkzeug, welches den Ringraum herstellt, auch gleichzeitig zum Füllen des Ringsraums mit dem Medium. Es können auch mehrere Leitungen am Ringraumbohrer vorgesehen sein. Die Leitung kann insbesondere an der Außenseite des Ringraumbohrers angeordnet sein und/oder sie kann sich von der Geländeoberkante bis in die Nähe des erdseitigen Rohrendes des Ringraumbohrers erstrecken, an welchem sich eine Bohrkrone mit Zähnen befinden kann.The process complexity can be reduced by feeding the friction-reducing medium into the annular space via at least one line running on the annular space drill. In this case, the tool which produces the annulus also serves at the same time to fill the annulus with the medium. It can also be provided on the annular space drill several lines. The line may in particular be arranged on the outside of the annular space drill and / or it may be from the ground level to near the earth side Pipe end of the annular space drill extend on which a drill bit with teeth can be located.

Grundsätzlich kann erwogen werden, das reibungsmindernde Medium in den Ringraum einzufüllen, nachdem der Ringraumbohrer aus dem Ringraum entfernt ist. Dazu muss die Bohrlochwandung standfest sein. Im Hinblick auf den Zeitaufwand ist es jedoch besonders vorteilhaft, dass zumindest ein Teil des reibungsmindernden Mediums beim Ziehen des Ringraumbohrers in den Ringraum eingebracht wird. Mit dem Einbringen des reibungsmindernden Mediums kann auch bereits vor dem Ziehen des Ringraumbohrers, insbesondere auch schon beim Abteufen des Ringraumbohrers, begonnen werden. In diesem Fall kann das reibungsmindernde Medium beispielsweise auch als Spül- und/oder Stützflüssigkeit während des Abbohrens des Ringraumbohrers dienen. Erfindungsgemäß ist es vorteilhaft, dass das reibungsmindernde Medium spätestens dann eingebracht wird, wenn der Ringraumbohrer aus dem Erdboden zurückgezogen wird. Insbesondere kann es zweckmäßig sein, dass das Medium spätestens nach Erreichen der tiefsten Stelle in den Ringraum eingebracht wird, während das Bodenmaterial auf zumindest einer Wendel des Ringraumbohrers an die Erdoberfläche gefördert wird.In principle, it may be considered to fill the friction-reducing medium into the annular space after the annular space drill is removed from the annular space. For this, the borehole wall must be stable. In view of the time required, however, it is particularly advantageous that at least a portion of the friction-reducing medium is introduced into the annular space when the annular space drill is pulled. The introduction of the friction-reducing medium can also be started before pulling the annular space drill, especially even when sinking the annular space drill. In this case, the friction-reducing medium, for example, serve as a rinsing and / or support fluid during the drilling of the annular space drill. According to the invention it is advantageous that the friction-reducing medium is introduced at the latest when the annular space drill is withdrawn from the ground. In particular, it may be expedient that the medium is introduced at the latest after reaching the lowest point in the annulus, while the soil material is conveyed on at least one helix of Annulus drill to the earth's surface.

Beispielsweise zum Abstützen des Ringraums und/oder zum Unterstützen des Bohrvorgangs kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass das Überbohren unter Zugabe einer Stütz-und/oder Spülflüssigkeit erfolgt. Grundsätzlich kann es aber auch möglich sein, ohne Zugabe einer Stütz- oder Spülsuspension zu überbohren, wenn die Bohrlochwandung standfest ist.For example, for supporting the annular space and / or for supporting the drilling process, it may be advantageous that the over-drilling takes place with the addition of a supporting and / or rinsing liquid. In principle, it may also be possible to over-drill without the addition of a supporting or rinsing suspension, if the borehole wall is stable.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Erstellen eines reibungsarmen Gründungselements ist ausgebildet mit einem Ringraumbohrer zum Überbohren eines Pfahls, wobei der Ringraumbohrer einen Rohrabschnitt aufweist, an dem stirnseitig eine Bohrkrone angeordnet ist, und wobei entlang des Rohrabschnitts zumindest eine Leitung verläuft, welche zum Zuführen eines reibungsmindernden Mediums in einen beim Überbohren des Pfahls freigeräumten Ringraum dient, und wobei der Rohrabschnitt außenseitig zumindest eine Förderwendel aufweist. Die Vorrichtung kann insbesondere zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eingesetzt werden.The device according to the invention for producing a low-friction foundation element is formed with an annular space drill for over-drilling a pile, wherein the annular space drill has a pipe section, on the front side a drill bit is arranged, and wherein along the pipe section extends at least one line, which for supplying a friction-reducing medium in a ring space cleared when over-drilling the pile, and wherein the pipe section has at least one delivery spiral on the outside. The device can be used in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Die im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung beschriebenen Merkmale können auch beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen, ebenso wie die im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschriebenen Merkmale bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung verwendet werden können.The features described in connection with the device according to the invention can also be used in the method according to the invention, just as the features described in connection with the method according to the invention can be used in the device according to the invention.

Das reibungsmindernde Medium kann prinzipiell aus allen Materialien bestehen, die nicht in den umgebenden Baugrund weglaufen, die aber dennoch eine so niedrige Festigkeit und niedrige Viskosität besitzen, dass keine nennenswerten Mantelreibungskräfte auf den innen liegenden Schaft des Pfahls übertragen werden können. Das Medium ist bevorzugterweise eine Bentonit-Suspension oder eine Polymer-Suspension oder eine Mischung aus beiden. Das Medium kann jedoch auch als Weichgelkomponente ausgebildet sein. Das Medium kann auch eine Mischung aus Wasser, Bentonit und einem erhärtenden Bindemittel sein, wobei diese Suspension dann in ihrer Festigkeit so eingestellt wird, dass sie nur geringe Mantelreibungskräfte, das heißt Schubspannungen, übertragen kann.The friction-reducing medium can in principle consist of all materials that do not run away into the surrounding soil, but still have such a low strength and low viscosity that no significant skin friction forces can be transferred to the inner shaft of the pile. The medium is preferably a bentonite suspension or a polymer suspension or a mixture of both. However, the medium may also be formed as a soft gel component. The medium may also be a mixture of water, bentonite and a hardening binder, wherein this suspension is then adjusted in their strength so that they can transmit only slight shell friction forces, that is, shear stresses.

Die Leitung, welche zum Zuführen des reibungsmindernden Mediums dient, kann beispielsweise parallel zur Längsachse des Rohrabschnitts verlaufen. Sie kann aber beispielsweise auch wendelförmig angeordnet sein.The conduit which serves to supply the friction-reducing medium can, for example, run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe section. But it can also be arranged, for example, helically.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, dass die Leitung außenseitig am Rohrabschnitt angeordnet ist. Insbesondere kann die Leitung am Außenmantel des Rohres verlaufen. Dies erlaubt es, mit dem Ringraumbohrer nahe am Pfahl zu bohren, so dass insbesondere vermieden werden kann, dass wenig standfeste Bodenreste am Mantel des Pfahls zurückbleiben. Weiterhin ist es zweckmäßig, dass die Leitung bis in den Bereich der Bohrkrone reicht. Dies ermöglicht ein besonders vollständiges Einfüllen des Mediums in den Ringraum. Gleichzeitig kann auch eine eventuell vorhandene Stütz-oder Spülflüssigkeit besonders effektiv verdrängt werden. Demgemäß verläuft die Leitung zweckmäßigerweise von der Erdoberfläche bis zum erdseitigen Ende des Rohrabschnitts. Die Leitung weist zweckmäßigerweise eine Auslauföffnung auf, die an der Mantelaußenseite des Ringraumbohrers angeordnet ist.It is particularly advantageous that the line is arranged on the outside of the pipe section. In particular, the line can run on the outer jacket of the tube. This makes it possible to drill with the annular space drill near the pile, so that in particular it can be avoided that less stable soil residues remain on the mantle of the pile. Furthermore, it is expedient that the line extends into the region of the drill bit. This allows a particularly complete filling of the medium in the annulus. At the same time, any existing supporting or rinsing liquid can be displaced particularly effectively. Accordingly, the line expediently extends from the earth's surface to the earth-side end of the pipe section. The line expediently has an outlet opening which is arranged on the outer shell side of the annular space drill.

Um ein Aufsitzen des Ringraumbohrers am Pfahlschaft zu verhindern, ist es vorteilhaft, dass der Rohrabschnitt eine Länge aufweist, die mindestens so groß ist wie die Tiefe des freizuräumenden Ringraums. Somit ist der erfindungsgemäße Ringraumbohrer in der Regel länger als übliche Kernbohrer, die mit Hilfe einer Kellystange mehrfach in die Bohrung herabgelassen werden.In order to prevent seating of the annular space drill on the pile shaft, it is advantageous that the pipe section has a length which is at least as large as the depth of the clearing annular space. Thus, the annular space drill according to the invention usually longer than conventional core drills, which are lowered with the help of a Kelly bar several times in the hole.

Insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine effiziente Materialabfuhr beim Abbohren des Ringraumbohrers kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass der Rohrabschnitt außenseitig zumindest eine Förderwendel aufweist. Eine solche Förderwendel erstreckt sich zweckmäßigerweise zumindest annähernd längs des gesamten Rohrabschnitts. Insbesondere kann sich die Förderwendel zumindest über einen Bereich erstrecken, welcher der Tiefe des herzustellenden Ringraums entspricht. Die Förderwendel ist zweckmäßigerweise durchgehend ausgebildet. Es können auch mehrere Förderwendeln vorgesehen sein.In particular, with regard to an efficient material removal during drilling of the annular space drill, it may be advantageous for the pipe section to have at least one delivery spiral on the outside. Such a conveyor coil expediently extends at least approximately along the entire pipe section. In particular, the conveyor coil can extend at least over a region which corresponds to the depth of the annular space to be produced. The conveyor coil is expediently formed continuously. It can also be provided several conveyor coils.

Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, dass der Rohrabschnitt im Bereich der Bohrkrone außenseitig zumindest eine weitere Anfängerwendel aufweist, die sich über einen Teilbereich des Rohrabschnitts erstreckt. Zweckmäßigerweise ist die Anfängerwendel zusätzlich zur Förderwendel vorhanden, so dass eine zumindest zweigängige Anordnung erhalten wird. Die Anfängerwendel erstreckt sich erfindungsgemäß im unteren, bodenseitigen Bereich des Rohrabschnitts. Sie kann das Lösen des anstehenden Bodens unterstützen, wobei die Materialabfuhr nach übertage aufgrund der begrenzten Höhe der Anfängerwendel schlussendlich über die Förderwendel erfolgt.Furthermore, it is advantageous that the pipe section in the region of the drill bit has on the outside at least one further starter helix which extends over a partial region of the pipe section. Conveniently, the beginner helix is present in addition to the delivery helix, so that an at least two-start arrangement is obtained. The starter coil according to the invention extends in the lower, bottom-side region of the pipe section. It can support the loosening of the pending soil, wherein the material removal after over-ground takes place on account of the limited height of the beginners spiral finally over the conveyor spiral.

Um den Boden unterhalb der Wendeln zu lösen, ist es bevorzugt, dass am unteren Ende der Förderwendel und/oder der Anfängerwendel jeweils zumindest eine Schneide angeordnet ist. Eine solche Schneide kann auch das untere Ende der jeweiligen Wendel vor Verschleiß schützen. Zweckmäßigerweise weist die Schneide daher ein Hartmetall auf. Damit abgearbeitetes Bodenmaterial besonders einfach auf die Wendeln gelangen kann und somit noch effizienter aus dem Ringraum um den Pfahl nach oben gefördert werden kann, kann es zweckmäßig sein, dass am Ende der Förderwendel und/oder der Anfängerwendel jeweils zumindest eine Flachschneide angeordnet ist. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform ist zumindest eine der oben genannten Schneiden als Flachschneide ausgebildet. Eine solche Flachschneide kann als Schaufel wirken, die das Bodenmaterial auf die Wendel fördert. Die Flachschneide kann insbesondere an einem Flachzahn angeordnet sein.In order to release the bottom below the helices, it is preferred that at least one cutting edge is arranged at the lower end of the conveying helix and / or the beginner helix. Such a cutting edge can also protect the lower end of the respective coil from wear. Appropriately, therefore, the cutting edge on a carbide. So that processed soil material can reach the helix particularly easily and thus can be conveyed even more efficiently from the annulus around the pile upwards, it may be expedient that at least one flat cutting edge is arranged at the end of the conveying helix and / or the starter helix. According to this embodiment, at least one of the above-mentioned cutting edges is designed as a flat cutting edge. Such a flat blade can act as a blade, which promotes the soil material on the helix. The flat cutting edge can in particular be arranged on a flat tooth.

Ein weiteres zweckmäßiges Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung liegt darin, dass der Rohrabschnitt, insbesondere im Bereich der Bohrkrone, also in einem bohrkronenseitigen, unteren Endbereich, zumindest eine Durchgangsöffnung zum Abführen von Material aus dem Inneren des Rohrabschnitts aufweist. Über diese Durchgangsöffnung kann gelöstes Beton- und Bodenmaterial aus dem Raum zwischen Pfahlschaft und Rohrinnenwand nach außen gefördert werden, um von dort über die zumindest eine Wendel zur Erdoberfläche zu gelangen.Another expedient embodiment of the invention is that the pipe section, in particular in the region of the drill bit, ie in a drill bit side, Lower end portion, at least one passage opening for discharging material from the interior of the pipe section. Solved concrete and soil material from the space between the pile shaft and the pipe inner wall can be conveyed outward through this passage opening, in order to get from there via the at least one spiral to the earth's surface.

Damit das Material leichter aus dem inneren Ringraum in den äußeren Ringraum gelangen kann, ist es zweckmäßig, im Inneren des Rohrabschnitts einen Spülanschluss vorzusehen, für gasförmige oder flüssige Spülmedien.Thus, the material can easily get out of the inner annulus in the outer annulus, it is expedient to provide a purge connection in the interior of the pipe section, for gaseous or liquid rinsing media.

Nach der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass am Innenmantel des Rohrabschnitts zumindest eine Schneide vorgesehen ist, die sich in das Innere des Rohrabschnitts erstreckt. Mit einer solchen Schneide kann wenig standfestes Bodenmaterial vom Mantel des Pfahls gelöst werden. Die Schneide befindet sich zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich der Durchgangsöffnung, so dass ein effizienter Materialabtransport von innen nach außen gewährleistet ist. Demgemäß ist es besonders vorteilhaft, dass an der Durchgangsöffnung zumindest eine Schneide vorgesehen ist, die sich in das Innere des Rohrabschnitts erstreckt.According to the invention it can be provided that at least one cutting edge is provided on the inner casing of the pipe section, which extends into the interior of the pipe section. With such an edge little stable soil material can be released from the mantle of the pile. The cutting edge is expediently located in the region of the passage opening, so that efficient removal of material from the inside to the outside is ensured. Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous that at least one cutting edge is provided at the passage opening, which extends into the interior of the pipe section.

Die Bohrkrone kann erfindungsgemäß mit Bohrzähnen und/oder Bohrschneiden besetzt sein. Die am unteren Ende des Rohrabschnitts in der Bohrkrone angeordneten Bohrzähne beziehungsweise Bohrschneiden sind vorzugsweise so angeordnet, dass sie einen Außendurchmesser schneiden, der größer als der Außendurchmesser des Rohrabschnitts ist, und/oder dass sie einen Innendurchmesser schneiden, der kleiner als der Innendurchmesser des Rohrabschnitts ist. Hierfür können nach außen geneigte beziehungsweise nach innen geneigte Bohrschneiden oder -zähne dienen. Durch eine solche Anordnung kann gewährleistet werden, dass sich der Schaft des Pfahls nicht im Inneren des Rohrabschnitts verklemmt. Demgemäß ist es vorteilhaft, dass der Abtragungsquerschnitt der Bohrkrone den Rohrabschnitt innenseitig und/oder außenseitig überragt.The drill bit can be occupied according to the invention with drill teeth and / or drill bits. The drill bits or drill bits arranged at the lower end of the pipe section in the drill bit are preferably arranged to cut an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the pipe section and / or to intersect an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe section , For this purpose, can serve outwardly inclined or inwardly inclined drill bits or teeth. Such an arrangement can ensure that the shaft of the pile does not jam in the interior of the pipe section. Accordingly, it is advantageous that the removal cross section of the drill bit projects beyond the pipe section on the inside and / or outside.

Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, dass die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung einen Bohrantrieb zum drehenden Antreiben des Ringraumbohrers aufweist. Die Vorrichtung kann beispielsweise als Großdrehbohrgerät mit einem Mast ausgebildet sein, an dem der Bohrantrieb vertikal verstellbar angeordnet ist.Furthermore, it is advantageous that the device according to the invention has a drill drive for rotationally driving the annular space drill. The device may be formed, for example, as a large rotary drilling rig with a mast on which the drilling drive is arranged vertically adjustable.

Insbesondere kann die Vorrichtung einen Spülkopf aufweisen, der eine Fluidverbindung zwischen einer nichtrotierenden Anschlussleitung und der zusammen mit dem Ringraumbohrer rotierenden Leitung erlaubt, welche zum Zuführen des reibungsmindernden Mediums vorgesehen ist. Hierdurch kann gewährleistet werden, dass das Verfüllen des Ringraums beim Zurückziehen des Ringraumbohrers zeitgleich mit einer Drehung des Ringraumbohrers erfolgen kann. Der Spülkopf, der auch als Drehdurchführung bezeichnet werden kann, ist zweckmäßigerweise zwischen dem Bohrantrieb und dem Ringraumbohrer angeordnet. Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Rohrabschnitt einen Deckel aufweist, der über einen Spülkopf unmittelbar mit dem Drehantrieb verbunden ist. Unter der unmittelbaren Verbindung kann insbesondere verstanden werden, dass zwischen Bohrantrieb und Rohrabschnitt kein Bohrgestänge vorhanden ist.In particular, the device may comprise a flushing head, which allows fluid communication between a non-rotating connecting line and the conduit rotating together with the annular space drill, which is provided for supplying the friction-reducing medium. In this way it can be ensured that the filling of the annular space during retraction of the annular space drill can take place simultaneously with a rotation of the annular space drill. The flushing head, which can also be referred to as a rotary feedthrough, is expediently arranged between the drill drive and the annular space drill. In particular, it can be provided that the pipe section has a lid which is connected via a flushing head directly to the rotary drive. Under the direct connection can be understood in particular that between the drill drive and pipe section no drill pipe is present.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert, welche schematisch in den beiliegenden Figuren dargestellt sind. In den Figuren zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Ringraumbohrers einer er- findungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Erstellen eines reibungs- armen Gründungselements;
Fig. 2
eine Ansicht des Ringraumbohrers aus Fig. 1 von unten;
Fig. 3
eine Ansicht des Ringraumbohrers aus Fig. 1 von der Seite; und
Figuren 4 bis 8
verschiedene Verfahrensschritte beim Erstellen eines rei- bungsarmen Gründungselements mittels einer erfindungsge- mäßen Vorrichtung mit einem Ringraumbohrer entsprechend den Figuren 1 bis 3.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments, which are shown schematically in the accompanying figures. In the figures show:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of an annular space drill of an inventive device for creating a low-friction foundation element;
Fig. 2
a view of the annulus drill Fig. 1 from underneath;
Fig. 3
a view of the annulus drill Fig. 1 of the page; and
FIGS. 4 to 8
Various process steps in creating a low-friction foundation element by means of a device according to the invention with an annular space drill according to the FIGS. 1 to 3 ,

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Ringraumbohrers 50 ist in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellt. Der Ringraumbohrer 50 weist einen zylindrischen Rohrabschnitt 51 auf, an dem stirnseitig eine Bohrkrone 52 mit einer Vielzahl von Bohrzähnen 53 angeordnet ist. An der gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite weist der Rohrabschnitt 51, wie insbesondere in Fig. 3 erkennbar ist, einen Deckel 55 auf. In diesem Deckel 55 ist zweckmäßigerweise zumindest eine Durchgangsöffnung für die Zuführung des Mediums und/oder einen Druckausgleich vorgesehen. Der Deckel 55 kann auch lediglich aus Streben bestehen.An embodiment of a Ringraumbohrers invention 50 is in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown. The annular space drill 50 has a cylindrical tube section 51 on which a drill bit 52 with a plurality of drill teeth 53 is arranged on the front side. At the opposite end face, the pipe section 51, as in particular in Fig. 3 can be seen, a lid 55. In this Cover 55 is expediently provided at least one passage opening for the supply of the medium and / or pressure equalization. The lid 55 may also consist only of struts.

Am Außenmantel des Rohrabschnitts 51 des Ringraumbohrers 50 sind zwei Wendeln angeordnet, eine Anfängerwendel 64 und eine Förderwendel 62. Während die Anfängerwendel 64 lediglich im unteren Bereich des Rohrabschnitts 51, das heißt im Bereich der Bohrkrone 52 verläuft, ist die Förderwendel 62 länger ausgebildet und erstreckt sich nahezu längs des gesamten Rohrabschnitts 51. Typischerweise kann die Anfängerwendel 64 mit 0,5 bis 5 Umläufen um den Rohrabschnitt 51 ausgebildet sein. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist ein Umlauf vorgesehen. Die Förderwendel 62 weist eine größere Zahl von Umläufen auf als die Anfängerwendel 64. Am unteren Ende der Förderwendel 62 ist eine Flachschneide 63 und am unteren Ende der Anfängerwendel 64 eine Flachschneide 65 angeordnet.On the outer surface of the tube section 51 of the annular space drill 50 two coils are arranged, a beginner coil 64 and a conveyor coil 62. While the beginner coil 64 extends only in the lower region of the tube section 51, that is in the region of the drill bit 52, the conveyor coil 62 is formed longer and extends almost along the entire pipe section 51. Typically, the beginner's turn 64 may be formed with 0.5 to 5 turns around the pipe section 51. In the illustrated embodiment, a circulation is provided. The conveyor coil 62 has a larger number of circulations than the beginner coil 64. At the lower end of the conveyor coil 62, a flat cutting edge 63 and at the lower end of the beginner's spiral 64, a flat cutting edge 65 is arranged.

Die Bohrzähne 53 und die Flachschneiden 63, 65 sind dafür eingerichtet, unterhalb des Ringraumbohrers 50 befindliches Bodenmaterial unter Bildung eines Ringraums abzuarbeiten, wenn der Ringraumbohrer 50 in einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren um die Längsachse des Rohrabschnitts 51 gedreht wird. In einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann hierbei ein im Boden befindlichen Pfahl überbohrt werden, dass heißt der Ringraum wird um den Schaft des Pfahls herum geschnitten. Die Flachschneiden 63 und 65 sind dafür vorgesehen, den unterhalb der Wendeln 62, 64 anstehenden Boden zu lösen, wobei sie überdies das gelöste Material den Wendeln 62, 64 zuführen. Die Wendeln 62, 64 fördern das gelöste Material nach oben, wenn der Ringraumbohrer 50 im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren um die Längsachse des Rohrabschnitts 51 gedreht wird.The drill teeth 53 and the flat cutting edges 63, 65 are adapted to work below the annular space drill 50 located soil material to form an annular space when the annular space drill 50 is rotated in a method according to the invention about the longitudinal axis of the pipe section 51. In a method according to the invention, a pile located in the ground can be overdrilled, ie the annular space is cut around the shaft of the pile. The flat cutting edges 63 and 65 are designed to release the bottom underneath the helices 62, 64, and in addition to deliver the loosened material to the helixes 62, 64. The helices 62, 64 convey the dissolved material upwards when the annular space drill 50 is rotated about the longitudinal axis of the tube section 51 in the method according to the invention.

Im unteren Endbereich des Rohrabschnitts 51 sind im Rohrabschnitt 51 Durchgangsöffnungen 71 und 72 vorgesehen, wobei im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel beispielhaft zwei diametral gegenüberliegende Durchgangsöffnungen 71 und 72 gegeben sind. Die Durchgangsöffnungen 71, 72 sind auf Höhe zumindest einer der Wendeln 62, 64 angeordnet. Diese Durchgangsöffnungen 71, 72 erlauben beim Bohrbetrieb einen Materialtransport aus dem Inneren des Rohrabschnitts 51 nach außen und somit zu den Wendeln 62, 64 hin. An den Durchgangsöffnungen 71, 72 ist jeweils eine Flachschneide 73 beziehungsweise 74 angeordnet. Die schaufelartigen Flachschneiden 73, 74 erstrecken sich in das Innere des Rohrabschnitts 51. Sie können dazu dienen, Bodenmaterial am überbohrten Pfahl abzutragen und/oder Bodenmaterial zu den Durchgangsöffnungen 71, 72 zu fördern. Im Inneren des Rohrabschnitts 51 sind darüber hinaus Vorsprünge 76 vorgesehen, die als Abstandshalter dienen, um den Ringraumbohrer 50 relativ zum überbohrten Pfahl zu positionieren. Die Abstandshalter 76 können auch an der Bohrkrone 52 angeordnet sein.In the lower end region of the pipe section 51 51 through holes 71 and 72 are provided in the pipe section, in the illustrated embodiment, for example, two diametrically opposite through holes 71 and 72 are given. The passage openings 71, 72 are arranged at the level of at least one of the helices 62, 64. These through-holes 71, 72 allow during drilling operation material transport from the interior of the pipe section 51 to the outside and thus to the helices 62, 64 out. At the through holes 71, 72 each have a flat cutting edge 73 and 74, respectively. The scoop-like Flat cutters 73, 74 extend into the interior of the tube section 51. They can serve to remove soil material at the over-drilled pile and / or to convey soil material to the through-openings 71, 72. Inside the tube portion 51 are also provided protrusions 76 which serve as spacers to position the annular space drill 50 relative to the over-drilled pile. The spacers 76 may also be disposed on the drill bit 52.

Zum Zuführen eines reibungsmindernden Mediums in den Ringraum, welcher mittels des Ringraumbohrers 50 erstellbar ist, sind im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel zwei Leitungen 60 und 61 vorgesehen, die sich auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Rohrabschnitts 51 längs des Rohrabschnitts 51 erstrecken, und die im Bereich der Bohrkrone 52 unter Bildung von Auslassöffnungen enden. Die beiden Leitungen 60, 61 durchdringen dabei die Förderwendel 62 und die Anfängerwendel 64.For supplying a friction-reducing medium into the annular space, which can be created by means of the annular space drill 50, two lines 60 and 61 are provided in the illustrated embodiment, which extend on opposite sides of the pipe section 51 along the pipe section 51, and in the region of the drill bit 52 below Formation of outlet openings end. The two lines 60, 61 penetrate the conveyor spiral 62 and the beginner coil 64.

Wie in Fig. 7 dargestellt ist, kann der Ringraumbohrer 50 der Figuren 1 bis 3 mittels eines Bohrantriebs 80 drehend betrieben werden. Dieser Bohrantrieb 80 ist zweckmäßigerweise über einen Spülkopf 81 mit dem Deckel 55 des Ringraumbohrers 50 gekoppelt, wobei der Spülkopf 81 zur drehbaren Kopplung der Leitungen 60, 61 mit einer nicht dargestellten Anschlussleitung dient.As in Fig. 7 is shown, the annular space drill 50 of the FIGS. 1 to 3 be operated by means of a drill drive 80 rotating. This drill drive 80 is expediently coupled via a flushing head 81 with the cover 55 of the annular space drill 50, wherein the flushing head 81 serves for the rotatable coupling of the lines 60, 61 with a connection line, not shown.

In den Figuren 4 bis 8 sind die aufeinanderfolgenden Verfahrensschritte bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Erstellen eines reibungsarmen Gründungselements unter Verwendung des Ringraumbohrers 50 der Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellt.In the FIGS. 4 to 8 are the successive process steps in an embodiment of a method according to the invention for creating a low-friction foundation element using the annular bore 50 of the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown.

Wie Fig. 4 zeigt, wird zunächst mittels eines beispielsweise als Schneckenbohrer ausgebildeten Bohrers 8 ein Bohrloch 9 im Boden 1 erstellt.As Fig. 4 1, a borehole 9 in the bottom 1 is first created by means of a drill 8 designed, for example, as a screw drill.

Wie Fig. 5 zeigt, wird sodann ein Bewehrungskorb 12 in das Bohrloch 9 eingebracht und das Bohrloch 9 bis zur gewünschten Höhe betoniert. Hierdurch wird ein als Betonpfahl ausgebildeter Pfahl 10 erhalten.As Fig. 5 shows, then a reinforcement cage 12 is introduced into the wellbore 9 and the wellbore 9 is concreted to the desired height. As a result, a trained as a concrete pile pile 10 is obtained.

In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt, der in Fig. 6 dargestellt ist, wird dieser Pfahl 10 sodann mittels des Ringraumbohrers 50 überbohrt, sobald der Beton des Pfahls 10 zumindest teilweise ausgehärtet ist. Hierzu wird der Ringraumbohrer 50 koaxial zum Pfahl 10 angeordnet, mittels des in Fig. 7 dargestellten Bohrantriebs 80 in Drehung versetzt und längs des Pfahls 10 in den Boden 1 abgesenkt. Beim Überbohren entsteht ein Ringraum 3, der den Mantel des Pfahls 10 umgibt.In a further process step, which in Fig. 6 is shown, this post 10 is then over-drilled by means of the annular space drill 50, as soon as the concrete of the pile 10 is at least partially cured. For this purpose, the annular space drill 50 is arranged coaxially to the post 10, by means of the in Fig. 7 shown drilling drive 80 in rotation offset and lowered along the post 10 in the bottom 1. When over-drilling creates an annular space 3, which surrounds the jacket of the pile 10.

Wie Fig. 7 zeigt, wird das Überbohren fortgesetzt, bis mit dem Ringraumbohrer 50 die Tiefe erreicht ist, bis zu der die Mantelreibung des Pfahls 10 reduziert werden soll. Der Ringraumbohrer 50 wird sodann aus dem Ringraum 3 gezogen, wobei ein reibungsminderndes Medium 4 in den Ringraum 3 eingebracht wird, bis der Ringraum 3 gefüllt ist (vgl. Fig. 8). Das Einbringen des Mediums 4 kann insbesondere über die in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellten Leitungen 60, 61 erfolgen.As Fig. 7 shows, the over-drilling is continued until with the annular space 50, the depth is reached, to which the skin friction of the pile 10 is to be reduced. The annular space drill 50 is then pulled out of the annular space 3, wherein a friction-reducing medium 4 is introduced into the annular space 3 until the annular space 3 is filled (see. Fig. 8 ). The introduction of the medium 4, in particular via the in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown lines 60, 61 done.

Wie Fig. 8 zeigt, ist der fertige Pfahl 10 somit in seinem oberen Teil über das im Ringraum 3 befindliche reibungsmindernde Medium 4 vom umgebenden Boden 1 getrennt, so dass in diesem oberen Bereich keine nennenswerte Reibungskraftübertragung zwischen dem Pfahl 10 und dem umgebenden Boden 1 mehr stattfinden kann.As Fig. 8 shows, the finished pile 10 is thus separated in its upper part on the located in the annular space 3 friction-reducing medium 4 from the surrounding soil 1, so that in this upper region no significant friction force transmission between the pile 10 and the surrounding soil 1 more can take place.

Claims (16)

  1. Method for creating a foundation element with area-wise low friction, wherein
    - a pile (10) is over-drilled in the earth (1) at least on an area-wise basis with an annulus drill (50), and
    - the annulus (3) cleared during the over-drilling of the pile (10) is filled with a friction-reducing medium (4).
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the pile (10) is an in situ concrete pile, and
    an underground construction tool, in particular a drill (8), is initially incorporated into the earth (1) for the production of the in situ concrete pile and the hollow space formed during the incorporation of the underground construction tool is filled with liquid concrete.
  3. Method according to claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the pile (10) is over-drilled when the liquid concrete of the pile (10) has at least partially hardened.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the inner diameter of the annulus drill (50) is at least as large as the outer diameter of the pile (10) including the necessary concrete covering of the reinforced steel.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the friction-reducing medium (4) is a liquid medium (4) and comprises in particular a bentonite suspension, a bentonite / cement suspension, a polymer suspension and / or a soft gel.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the friction-reducing medium (4) is supplied into the annulus (3) via at least one line (60, 61) extending on the annulus drill (50).
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    at least a part of the friction-reducing medium (4) is incorporated into the annulus (3) upon withdrawal of the annulus drill (50).
  8. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the over-drilling takes place with the addition of a supporting and / or flushing fluid.
  9. Apparatus for creating a low friction foundation element, in particular by means of a method according to one of the preceding claims, with
    an annulus drill (50) for over-drilling a pile (10), whereby the annulus drill (50) comprises a pipe section (51) on which a core bit (52) is arranged on the end face, wherein at least one line (60, 61) extends along the pipe section (51) which serves to supply a friction-reducing medium (4) into an annulus (3) cleared during over-drilling of the pile (10), and wherein the pipe section (51) comprises on the outer side at least one feed helix (62).
  10. Apparatus according to claim 9,
    characterized in that
    the line (60, 61) is arranged on the outer side on the pipe section (51), and
    the line (60, 61) extends into the region of the core bit (52).
  11. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10,
    characterized in that
    the pipe section (51) has a length which is at least as large as the depth of the annulus (3) to be cleared.
  12. Apparatus according to one of the claims 9 to 11,
    characterized in that
    the pipe section (51) comprises at least one further starting helix (64) in the region of the core bit (52) on the outer side, said starting helix (64) extending over a partial area of the pipe section (51), wherein
    at least one respective flat cutting edge (63, 65) is arranged at the end of the feed helix (62) and / or the starting helix (64).
  13. Apparatus according to one of the claims 9 to 12,
    characterized in that
    the pipe section (51) comprises at least one passage opening (71, 72) in the region of the core bit (52) for removing material from the inside of the pipe section (51), wherein
    at least one cutting edge (73, 74) is provided on the passage opening (71, 72) which extends into the inside of the pipe section (51).
  14. Apparatus according to one of the claims 9 to 13,
    characterized in that
    the removal cross-section of the core bit (52) projects over the pipe section (51) on the inner side and / or outer side.
  15. Apparatus according to one of the claims 9 to 14,
    characterized in that
    it comprises a drill drive (80) for driving the annulus drill (50) in rotation, and the pipe section (51) is connected via a flushing head (81) directly to the drill drive (80).
  16. Apparatus according to one of the claims 9 to 15,
    characterized in that
    the inner space of the pipe section (51) is equipped with a flushing connection for liquid and / or gaseous media.
EP20100004290 2010-04-22 2010-04-22 Method and device for producing a localised low friction foundation element Active EP2246482B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20100004290 EP2246482B1 (en) 2010-04-22 2010-04-22 Method and device for producing a localised low friction foundation element

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EP2246482B1 true EP2246482B1 (en) 2012-06-20

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2995918B1 (en) 2012-09-27 2014-10-17 Soletanche Freyssinet METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ARMED STRUCTURE IN A SOIL
FR2995917B1 (en) * 2012-09-27 2014-10-17 Soletanche Freyssinet METHOD FOR MAKING AN ANCHOR IN A SOIL
CN102926654B (en) * 2012-11-12 2015-12-23 中铁十九局集团第五工程有限公司 Pile Hole Ring Cutting System and Pile Hole Ring Cutting Method
CN109457698A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-03-12 兰州有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 Eliminate the casing prefabricated pile and its construction method of breathing soil layer frictional force

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DE19641422C2 (en) * 1996-10-08 2000-09-07 Willibald Fischer Lost formwork for concrete bored piles and process for their manufacture
DE10023467C1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2001-09-27 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Boring device, to form bores using borer tubes, has holder unit with rotation plate for borer tube having radial locking opening and has locking unit on plate with locking bolt to lock borer tube

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