EP2650446B1 - Method of creating a foundation for a offshore structure - Google Patents

Method of creating a foundation for a offshore structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2650446B1
EP2650446B1 EP12163981.9A EP12163981A EP2650446B1 EP 2650446 B1 EP2650446 B1 EP 2650446B1 EP 12163981 A EP12163981 A EP 12163981A EP 2650446 B1 EP2650446 B1 EP 2650446B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
drilling
seabed
annular gap
curing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP12163981.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2650446A1 (en
Inventor
Christof Dr. Gipperich
Fenno Leeuwarke
Wolfgang Els
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Herrenknecht AG
Hochtief Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Herrenknecht AG
Hochtief Solutions AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Herrenknecht AG, Hochtief Solutions AG filed Critical Herrenknecht AG
Priority to DK12163981.9T priority Critical patent/DK2650446T3/en
Priority to EP12163981.9A priority patent/EP2650446B1/en
Priority to PL12163981T priority patent/PL2650446T3/en
Publication of EP2650446A1 publication Critical patent/EP2650446A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2650446B1 publication Critical patent/EP2650446B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a foundation for an offshore installation, in particular for an offshore wind turbine.
  • Offshore plant means a fixed structure that is built in the open sea and especially offshore.
  • offshore wind turbines can also be, for example, oil rigs or bridges.
  • An offshore wind turbine has a component or foundation element that anchors the wind turbine in the seabed.
  • a mast is placed, which protrudes high from the water surface.
  • a nacelle is usually placed, which essentially has a generator, a bearing unit for a rotor and the rotor itself.
  • Today's planned offshore wind turbines project out of the water to over 150 m and are to be installed in water depths of up to 60 m.
  • a method according to the preamble of claim 1 is made WO 2006/076873 A known.
  • the invention the technical problem of providing a method of the type mentioned above, which minimizes the environmental impact, reduces the geological dependencies and at the same time overcomes the existing limitations on the size of the wind turbines and thus the sustainability of the foundation structures.
  • the invention teaches a method for producing a foundation for an offshore installation, in particular for an offshore wind turbine, wherein a component in the form of a tubular hollow body is lowered with its lower end to the seabed, wherein subsequently the lower end of the component is introduced into the seabed and wherein, in support of this insertion, the component is subjected to vibration energy by means of a vibration device mounted in its upper region or at its upper end, wherein during the introduction of the component in the gap or annular gap between the component and the adjacent seabed or mountains backfill material is introduced, preferably continuously introduced and wherein the device is fixed after reaching its final depth.
  • the component can then be used even as a foundation element or foundation body or serve as an anchoring element of such.
  • the component is a tubular hollow body made of steel or concrete. Concrete here includes various reinforcement types of reinforcing steel, high-strength reinforcing steel, prestressing steel, steel fibers, synthetic fibers and combinations thereof as well as composite steel structures.
  • the component or the hollow body is cylindrical and preferably also the cavity in the component is cylindrical. It is also within the scope of the invention that extends the cavity, preferably the cylindrical cavity over the entire length of the component or over the entire length of the hollow body.
  • a vibration device used according to the invention is fixed in the upper region or at the upper end of the hollow body and by means of the vibration device, the hollow body can be acted upon with vibration energy.
  • the hollow body is as it were vibrated into the ground or in the ground.
  • the invention is based on the finding that due to the combination of the use of a vibration device with the filling of the gap or annular gap a surprisingly simple and precise Introducing the hollow body in the ground is possible. This is especially true for hollow body with less weight (especially small length and / or small diameter and / or low cladding thickness), which does not readily penetrate under its own weight in the ground.
  • the method according to the invention is very well suited for the introduction of foundation elements for jackets.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a borehole is bored in the seabed at the lower end of the component with a drilling device and that the component is lowered in the borehole in accordance with the drilling progress.
  • the introduction of the component in the seabed is supported on the one hand by the application of vibration to the device by means of the vibration device and on the other hand by drilling in the seabed by means of the drilling device.
  • a filling material is introduced during the drilling progress between the component and the borehole wall, preferably introduced continuously.
  • the component is fixed in the borehole after reaching its final depth.
  • seabed so also means, for example, the bottom of a lake or a river.
  • the component of a substantially horizontal transport position in a vertical position or in a substantially vertical position is transferred and that the component or the hollow body is held by means of a manipulation device in the vertical or in the substantially vertical position.
  • the fact that the component is held in a vertical or in a substantially vertical position with the aid of the manipulation means that the longitudinal axis of the component or of the tubular hollow body is oriented vertically or substantially vertically.
  • a displacement device is used for the installation or for the anchoring of the component.
  • the transfer device may in particular be a jack-up or a ship. It is within the scope of the invention that the component is transferred into a vertical position or in a substantially vertical position, preferably with a lifting device, which is preferably arranged or fixed on or on the transfer device. Empfohlene Congress Incidentally, the transfer device is supported and positioned with lifting legs on the seabed. It is within the scope of the invention that the component is fixed or clamped in its vertical position or substantially vertical position by the manipulation device and is held in the vertical position or in the substantially vertical position. Conveniently, the manipulation device is connected or fixed to the transfer device.
  • the component is held in its upper half in relation to its height h preferably in the upper quarter of the manipulation device.
  • the manipulation device expediently has a clamping device with clamping elements, between which the component is clamped. This may be a clamp clamp construction. It is within the scope of the invention that the component is guided or held with the manipulation device with respect to its vertical and horizontal position.
  • the component is first clamped in the manipulation device and then moved by means of the manipulation device and the lifting device in the direction of the seabed.
  • the component is then released from the manipulation device so that it can sink under its own weight on the seabed or can sink into the seabed under its own weight.
  • the vibration device is fixed in the upper region or at the upper end of the component.
  • a drilling device is expediently installed in advance at the lower end of the component.
  • the manipulation device when lowering the component, the component is held in position, tracked in the direction of the seabed.
  • the manipulation device is expediently guided vertically downwards on at least one guide rail of the transfer device.
  • the tracking is preferably carried out until the device has reached its final depth in the seabed.
  • a very preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it is drilled intermittently with the drilling device and that between the individual drilling operations, the vibration device according to the invention for Use comes.
  • the hollow body is first vibrated or vibrated with the vibrator a certain distance down into the ground, with soil material penetrates from below into the cavity of the hollow body in the rule.
  • the vibration device is preferably switched off and the drilling device activated, so that initially only the soil located in the interior of the hollow body is broken down and conveyed. There is still the possibility to decompose and promote even below the actual hollow body soil.
  • the hollow body is lowered cyclically after each drilling stroke or continuously with the drilling progress in the well or deposited on the bottom of the wellbore.
  • the drilling device is switched off and in turn the vibration device activated, etc.
  • the component is preferably guided or held by the manipulation device.
  • EmpfohleneIER moreover, the soil material dissolved during the drilling operation is carried away upwards through the cavity of the component or the hollow body.
  • the drilling device is received in the cavity of the component or of the hollow body.
  • the drilling device is inserted into the cavity of the device and positioned when the device has been deposited on the seabed or sunken into the seabed.
  • at least the drill drive of the drilling device and optionally cable feeds for this drill drive are arranged in the cavity of the component.
  • the auger drive may be a hydraulic or electromotive auger drive.
  • the drill drive is fixed in the cavity of the component. It is within the scope of the invention that arranged in the cavity of the component cable feeds allow the control of the drilling device from a control station on the transfer device.
  • the method according to the invention is drilled in the drilling process in the full-cut method.
  • an installed at the lower end of the component cutting wheel is preferably provided.
  • the rotating cutting wheel loosens the soil in the borehole and expediently feeds the dissolved soil material to a conveying device.
  • a rotating cutting roller is preferably used with trimming from mining tools, which is preferably mounted on a three-dimensionally movable arm.
  • the dissolved soil material is also supplied in this embodiment of the method according to the invention of the cutting roller of a conveyor.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that it uses a component which has a cutting edge at its lower front end.
  • this cutting edge runs over the entire circumference of the component or of the hollow body.
  • the wall of the component or the tubular hollow body runs down towards pointed down.
  • the lower cutting edge of the hollow body in combination with the vibration device according to the invention. Due to this cutting edge, the hollow body can be particularly effectively shake or vibrate into the ground.
  • the borehole wall is expediently hydraulically supported and lubricated, in particular by a fluid medium present in the borehole or in the cavity of the component.
  • This fluid medium is expediently a liquid in the form of seawater or in the form of a suspension.
  • the use of special suspensions or support suspensions based on polymer or bentonite or hydraulically setting materials is possible if necessary.
  • the hydraulic support and lubrication is realized by liquid with a higher liquid pressure compared to the sea level. As a result, the liquid penetrates into the intermediate space between the bottom or borehole wall and the outer surface of the hollow body. This gap or annular gap can be generated as planned by drilling with overcut or arise due to the drilling and vibration process.
  • This hydraulic support or by the pressure generated thereby a collapse of the borehole walls is prevented.
  • thereby adhering parts of the surrounding soil is avoided on the outer surface of the hollow body, whereby the o.g. Effect of lubrication is achieved.
  • a possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the annular gap is filled during the drilling process with a non-hardening or non-setting filling material and that the annular gap at the end of the drilling operation and / or after completion of the drilling operation with displacement of the non-hardening or non-setting Filling material is filled or pressed with a hardening or binding filling material.
  • the non-hardening backfill material may preferably be a bentonite suspension.
  • a hardening or binding filling material is advantageously a hydraulically setting Filling material used. It is within the scope of the invention that the non-hardening or non-setting filling material is removed again from the annular gap after reaching the final depth of the component.
  • the hardening or setting backfilling material for example a mortar-is preferably pressed into the annular gap from below through the cavity of the component, so that the non-hardening or non-setting filling material is displaced upward and exits at the upper end of the annular gap.
  • the non-hardening or non-setting backfill - for example, a Bentonitsuspension - catch at the upper end of the annular gap with the help of a collecting ring, so that the material does not get into the seawater.
  • the annular gap is filled or pressed during the drilling process with a hardening or setting filling material.
  • a hardening or setting filling material is a hydraulically setting filling material.
  • a corresponding special filling material can be used. It is also possible to apply a corresponding coating on the outer surface of the component. Vibrating the component according to the invention contributes to ensuring sufficient mobility of the component relative to the filling material.
  • a hardening mortar or annular gap mortar is used as filling material for the annular gap.
  • Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the hardening or setting backfilling material over lateral openings in the wall of the component is introduced.
  • the pressing can be done in case of need with high pressure, so that the backfill material penetrates beyond the annular gap in the adjacent soil or the adjacent mountains where it forms branched, filled with hardening filling material channels.
  • This pressing under high pressure can be made even after introducing a hardening filling material, or be made repeatedly, in which case the existing in the annular gap, hardened backfill material is partially broken and is penetrated by the newly pressed backfill material, that then also further into the ground penetrates and there forms the ramifications described above. In this way, an optimal toothing of the component with the ground and an improvement of the same and thus an overall improved load capacity results.
  • the component is additionally fixed by means of injection anchors, which are driven through openings in the tubular hollow body in the surrounding soil.
  • injection anchors which are driven through openings in the tubular hollow body in the surrounding soil.
  • These anchoring anchors ensure better anchoring or toothing of the component in the surrounding soil.
  • it is biased ground anchors.
  • At least a part of the components of the drilling device is dismantled.
  • at least the drill drive is removed again from the cavity of the component and preferably also the drill head or the drilling tools. A complete dismantling of the components of the drilling device is recommended.
  • the invention is based on the finding that a simple and effective introduction of components or foundation elements into the substrate is possible with the method according to the invention. In this case, the environmental pollution and in particular undesired noise emissions can be surprisingly remarkably minimized compared to measures known from practice.
  • the invention is further based on the finding that above all the combination of vibration on the one hand and pressing on the other hand has considerable importance. In particular, low weight components, such as jackets for jackets, can be easily and effectively introduced into the ground using the method.
  • the process according to the invention is largely independent of local geological conditions.
  • the foundation produced by the method is characterized by a surprisingly high load-bearing capacity, while reducing the masses and weights of the components to be installed in one work step. This overcomes the existing restrictions on the size of offshore installations.
  • the method according to the invention operates with relatively simple and inexpensive measures and can thus be realized relatively inexpensively.
  • the figures illustrate the inventive method for producing a foundation for an offshore installation, in the embodiment according to the figures for an offshore wind turbine.
  • the component 1 is transferred with the lifting device 7 from the transport position to a vertical position.
  • the component 1 located in the vertical position is then clamped in a manipulation device 8 of the lifting island 4.
  • a preferred embodiment of the manipulation device 8 according to the invention is shown.
  • the manipulation device 8 has a tension clamp construction with tension clamps 9 for clamping the component 1.
  • the component 1 has a circular cross-section and is thus cylindrical.
  • the clamping of the component 1 in the manipulation device 8 is preferably and in the embodiment ( FIG. 1 ) at the upper end of the component 1.
  • the FIG. 2 shows the second phase of the method according to the invention.
  • the component 1 is guided with the at least one guide rail 10 of the lifting island 4 vertically movable manipulation device 8 to the seabed 3.
  • the lower end of the component 1 is placed on the seabed 3.
  • the component 1 can be released in the manipulation device 8 with the proviso that the component 1 sinks vertically below its own weight down to the seabed 3 and optionally sinks into the seabed 3.
  • a drilling device 12 can be arranged inside the component 1 and a vibration device 27 is fixed at the upper end of the component 1.
  • the vibration device 27 and the drilling device 12 are preferably activated alternately. Thus, it takes place alternately vibrating the component 1 in the seabed 3 and drilling the wellbore 11 instead.
  • a preferred embodiment of the drilling device 12 is otherwise in the FIG. 6 shown schematically. This will be discussed below.
  • the borehole 11 is drilled in the drilling phases successively in accordance with the diameter of the component 1 in the seabed 3.
  • the component 1 is tracked with the help of the guide rail 10 vertically movable manipulation device 8.
  • the component 1 is expediently guided or held by the manipulation device 8 both with respect to the horizontal direction and with respect to the vertical direction.
  • the final depth of the component 1 has already been reached and the manipulation device 8 is still connected at the upper end of the component 1 in this phase.
  • the guide rail 10 is moved with the arranged at the lower end of the guide rail 10 manipulation device 8 upwards.
  • the bore 11 is otherwise drilled with overcut, so that the diameter of the well 11 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the component 1.
  • the resulting annular gap 13 between the component 1 and the borehole wall is according to a preferred embodiment of the invention with a hardening mortar or annular gap mortar pressed, which hardens after completion of the drilling process.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a possible embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the majority of the components of the drilling device 12 is received in the cavity 20 of the component 1.
  • the drill drive 21 of the drilling device 12 is arranged in this cavity 20.
  • Only the drill head 22 protrudes from the lower end of the component 1 in the borehole 11.
  • the drill head 22 may here have a not-shown cutting wheel for drilling in the full-cut method. Due to the rotating cutting wheel soil material is dissolved in the borehole 11 and then discharged.
  • Another non-illustrated embodiment of the method according to the invention provides the soil degradation in the partial section method.
  • the mining process is carried out with a rotating on a movable arm and equipped with removal tools cutting / -Schrämwalze. According to a particularly preferred embodiment and suitable for both previously described process variants, the soil material dissolved during the drilling process becomes discharged through the cavity 20 of the component 1 upwards.
  • the corresponding delivery line 23 shown schematically.
  • FIG. 6 further shows that the cavity 20 of the device 1 is filled with liquid 24.
  • the liquid 24 fills the cavity 20 with a liquid level that is elevated in comparison with the sea level 25.
  • the walls of the wellbore 11 are hydraulically supported to prevent collapse of the borehole walls.
  • the soil material dissolved during drilling can be conveyed off hydraulically via the delivery line 23, preferably within the framework of a FIG. 6 not shown hydraulic delivery circuit.
  • the entire drilling device 12 is dismantled with delivery line 23 or removed from the component 1 via the cavity 20.
  • the liquid 24 may be a support suspension.
  • the remaining in the annular gap 13 between the component 1 and the borehole wall support suspension is removed, unless it is curing (1-phase solution).
  • preferred mortar via the cavity 20 of the device 1 is pressed from below into the annular gap 13.
  • the support suspension based on bentonite is then displaced upwards and preferably collected and removed with a collecting ring 26 arranged above the annular gap 13.
  • the mortar hardens in the annular gap 13 and fixes the component 1 in its position.
  • the lower end face of the component 1 has a cutting edge 28, which rotates preferably over the circumference of the component 1 and in the exemplary embodiment.
  • This cutting edge 28 is helpful in particular in the phases in which the component 1 is vibrated or vibrated with the vibration device 27.
  • Fig. 6 and 7 show further that preferred and in the embodiment of the provided with the cutting edge 28 lower portion 29 of the component 1 has a larger outer diameter than the upper portion of the component 1. That contributes advantageously to a well 11 can be generated with overcut , - In the Fig. 7 (enlarged detail from Fig. 6 In addition, other components are recognizable, for the sake of clarity in Fig. 6 not drawn.
  • injection lines 30 can be seen with which a filling material 14, in particular an annular gap mortar, can be pressed into the annular gap 13.
  • openings 31 are arranged distributed over the circumference of the wall of the component 1. At these openings 31 close Verpresstechnischen 32, which connect the openings 31 with a pressing device, not shown.
  • a filling material 14 -preferably an annular gap mortar-under high pressure-the annular gap 13 or the filling material arranged therein-can be pressed into the seabed 3. This results in anchoring channels 33, which ensure an effective anchoring of the component 1 in the seabed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Gründung für eine Offshore-Anlage, insbesondere für eine Offshore-Windkraftanlage. Offshore-Anlage meint ein feststehendes Bauwerk, das in der offenen See und insbesondere vor Küsten errichtet wird. Offshore-Anlagen können neben Offshore-Windkraftanlagen auch beispielsweise Bohrinseln oder Brücken sein.The invention relates to a method for producing a foundation for an offshore installation, in particular for an offshore wind turbine. Offshore plant means a fixed structure that is built in the open sea and especially offshore. In addition to offshore wind turbines, offshore wind turbines can also be, for example, oil rigs or bridges.

Eine Offshore-Windkraftanlage weist ein Bauelement bzw. Gründungselement auf, welches die Windkraftanlage im Meeresboden verankert. Auf dieses Gründungselement ist ein Mast aufgesetzt, der hoch aus der Wasseroberfläche herausragt. Auf der Spitze des Mastes ist in der Regel ein Maschinenhaus aufgesetzt, das im Wesentlichen einen Generator, eine Lagerungseinheit für einen Rotor und den Rotor selbst aufweist. Heute geplante Offshore-Windkraftanlagen ragen bis über 150 m aus dem Wasser heraus und sollen in Wassertiefen bis zu 60 m installiert werden. Ein Verfahren entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1 ist aus WO 2006/076873 A bekannt.An offshore wind turbine has a component or foundation element that anchors the wind turbine in the seabed. On this foundation element a mast is placed, which protrudes high from the water surface. On the top of the mast, a nacelle is usually placed, which essentially has a generator, a bearing unit for a rotor and the rotor itself. Today's planned offshore wind turbines project out of the water to over 150 m and are to be installed in water depths of up to 60 m. A method according to the preamble of claim 1 is made WO 2006/076873 A known.

Die Gründung der Windkraftanlagen am Meeresboden ist aufgrund von Wellengang, Windlasten und Eigengewicht der Windkraftanlage sowie aufgrund der dynamischen Kräfte aus dem Anlagenbetrieb aufwendig. Bis heute kommen im Wesentlichen entweder sogenannte Monopiles zum Einsatz (schwere Rohre mit großem Durchmesser bis über 6 m) oder schwere Stahlfachwerkkonstruktionen, insbesondere sogenannte Tripods, Tripiles oder Jackets, die an drei oder mehr Punkten mit Rammpfählen oder anderen Konstruktionen im Meeresboden verankert werden. Alle vorgenannten Gründungskonstruktionen stoßen zunehmend an wirtschaftliche, technische und insbesondere ökologische Grenzen. Zum Einbringen von Monopiles und der anderen Gründungssysteme sind oft schwere Rammarbeiten notwendig, die zu großen Schallemissionen im Meer führen und die Umwelt beeinträchtigen. Deshalb stoßen solche Vorhaben zunehmend auf Genehmigungsschwierigkeiten. Verstärkt wird dieser Effekt durch die zukünftig angestrebten Anlagengrößen von deutlich über 5 MW, die notwendig werden, um die gewünschten Leistungsinstallationen von Offshore-Windkraftanlagen zu erreichen. Außerdem ist die Machbarkeit von Rammarbeiten abhängig von der lokalen Geologie. Bei Felsgestein, Lehmschichten oder lokalen Felsbrocken stößt die Herstellung von Gründungen von Offshore-Windkraftanlagen mittels Rammen an ihre Grenzen.The foundation of the wind turbines on the seabed is complicated due to swell, wind loads and dead weight of the wind turbine and due to the dynamic forces from the plant operation. To date, essentially either so-called monopiles are used (heavy pipes with a large diameter up to 6 m) or heavy steel truss structures, especially so-called tripods, tripiles or jackets, which are anchored at three or more points with piles or other constructions in the seabed. All of the above foundation structures increasingly encounter economic, technical and especially ecological limits. For the introduction of monopiles and other foundation systems heavy ramming work is often necessary, leading to large noise emissions in the Lead the sea and affect the environment. Therefore, such projects are increasingly encountering approval difficulties. This effect will be reinforced by the future targeted plant sizes of well over 5 MW, which are necessary to achieve the desired performance installations of offshore wind turbines. In addition, the feasibility of pile driving depends on local geology. In the case of rocks, loam layers or local boulders, the production of offshore wind turbine foundations is pushed to the limit with rams.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung das technische Problem zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, das die ökologischen Belastungen minimiert, die geologischen Abhängigkeiten reduziert und gleichzeitig die bestehenden Einschränkungen für die Größe der Windkraftanlagen und damit der Tragfähigkeit der Gründungskonstruktionen überwindet.In contrast, the invention, the technical problem of providing a method of the type mentioned above, which minimizes the environmental impact, reduces the geological dependencies and at the same time overcomes the existing limitations on the size of the wind turbines and thus the sustainability of the foundation structures.

Zur Lösung dieses technischen Problems lehrt die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Gründung für eine Offshore-Anlage, insbesondere für eine Offshore-Windkraftanlage, wobei ein Bauelement in Form eines rohrförmigen Hohlkörpers mit seinem unteren Ende auf den Meeresboden abgesenkt wird,
wobei anschließend das untere Ende des Bauelementes in den Meeresboden eingebracht wird und wobei zum Unterstützen dieses Einbringens das Bauelement mittels einer in seinem oberen Bereich bzw. an seinem oberen Ende angebrachten Vibrationseinrichtung mit Vibrationsenergie beaufschlagt wird,
wobei während des Einbringens des Bauelementes in den Spalt bzw. Ringspalt zwischen Bauelement und angrenzendem Meeresboden bzw. Gebirge Verfüllmaterial eingebracht wird, vorzugsweise kontinuierlich eingebracht wird
und wobei das Bauelement nach Erreichen seiner Endtiefe fixiert wird. - Das Bauelement kann anschließend selbst als Gründungselement bzw. Gründungskörper eingesetzt werden oder als Verankerungselement eines solchen dienen. Es kann aber auch als verlorene Schalung zur Herstellung eines Hohlraums dienen, in dem nachträglich der Gründungskörper (Monopile, Tripod etc.) positioniert und verankert wird. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass es sich bei dem Bauelement um einen rohrförmigen Hohlkörper aus Stahl oder aus Beton handelt. Beton beinhaltet hier verschiedene Bewehrungsarten von Betonstahl, hochfestem Betonstahl, Spannstahl, Stahlfasern, Kunststofffasern und Kombinationen daraus sowie auch Stahlverbundbauweisen. Vorzugsweise ist das Bauelement bzw. der Hohlkörper zylinderförmig ausgebildet und bevorzugt ist auch der Hohlraum in dem Bauelement zylinderförmig ausgebildet. Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass sich der Hohlraum, vorzugsweise der zylindrische Hohlraum über die gesamte Länge des Bauelementes bzw. über die gesamte Länge des Hohlkörpers erstreckt.
To solve this technical problem, the invention teaches a method for producing a foundation for an offshore installation, in particular for an offshore wind turbine, wherein a component in the form of a tubular hollow body is lowered with its lower end to the seabed,
wherein subsequently the lower end of the component is introduced into the seabed and wherein, in support of this insertion, the component is subjected to vibration energy by means of a vibration device mounted in its upper region or at its upper end,
wherein during the introduction of the component in the gap or annular gap between the component and the adjacent seabed or mountains backfill material is introduced, preferably continuously introduced
and wherein the device is fixed after reaching its final depth. - The component can then be used even as a foundation element or foundation body or serve as an anchoring element of such. But it can also serve as a lost formwork for the production of a cavity in which subsequently the foundation body (monopile, tripod, etc.) is positioned and anchored. It is within the scope of the invention that the component is a tubular hollow body made of steel or concrete. Concrete here includes various reinforcement types of reinforcing steel, high-strength reinforcing steel, prestressing steel, steel fibers, synthetic fibers and combinations thereof as well as composite steel structures. Preferably, the component or the hollow body is cylindrical and preferably also the cavity in the component is cylindrical. It is also within the scope of the invention that extends the cavity, preferably the cylindrical cavity over the entire length of the component or over the entire length of the hollow body.

Eine erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Vibrationseinrichtung wird im oberen Bereich bzw. am oberen Ende des Hohlkörpers fixiert und mittels der Vibrationseinrichtung kann der Hohlkörper mit Vibrationsenergie beaufschlagt werden. Dadurch wird der Hohlkörper gleichsam in den Untergrund bzw. in den Boden einvibriert. - Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass aufgrund der Kombination des Einsatzes einer Vibrationseinrichtung mit dem Verfüllen des Spaltes bzw. Ringspaltes ein überraschend einfaches und präzises Einbringen des Hohlkörpers in den Untergrund möglich ist. Das gilt vor allem auch für Hohlkörper mit geringerem Gewicht (insbesondere geringer Länge und/oder geringem Durchmesser und/oder geringer Manteldicke), die nicht ohne weiteres unter ihrem Eigengewicht in den Untergrund eindringen. So eignet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beispielsweise sehr gut für die Einbringung von Gründungselementen für Jackets.A vibration device used according to the invention is fixed in the upper region or at the upper end of the hollow body and by means of the vibration device, the hollow body can be acted upon with vibration energy. As a result, the hollow body is as it were vibrated into the ground or in the ground. - The invention is based on the finding that due to the combination of the use of a vibration device with the filling of the gap or annular gap a surprisingly simple and precise Introducing the hollow body in the ground is possible. This is especially true for hollow body with less weight (especially small length and / or small diameter and / or low cladding thickness), which does not readily penetrate under its own weight in the ground. For example, the method according to the invention is very well suited for the introduction of foundation elements for jackets.

Eine ganz besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am unteren Ende des Bauelementes mit einer Bohreinrichtung ein Bohrloch in den Meeresboden gebohrt wird und dass das Bauelement entsprechend dem Bohrfortschritt in dem Bohrloch abgesenkt wird. Bei dieser sehr bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird also das Einbringen des Bauelementes in den Meeresboden einerseits unterstützt durch die Beaufschlagung des Bauelementes mit Vibrationsenergie mittels der Vibrationseinrichtung und andererseits durch das Bohren in den Meeresboden mittels der Bohreinrichtung. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass während des Bohrfortschritts zwischen Bauelement und Bohrlochwandung ein Verfüllmaterial eingebracht wird, vorzugsweise kontinuierlich eingebracht wird. Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das Bauelement nach Erreichen seiner Endtiefe im Bohrloch fixiert wird.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a borehole is bored in the seabed at the lower end of the component with a drilling device and that the component is lowered in the borehole in accordance with the drilling progress. In this very preferred embodiment of the invention, therefore, the introduction of the component in the seabed is supported on the one hand by the application of vibration to the device by means of the vibration device and on the other hand by drilling in the seabed by means of the drilling device. It is within the scope of the invention that a filling material is introduced during the drilling progress between the component and the borehole wall, preferably introduced continuously. It is also within the scope of the invention that the component is fixed in the borehole after reaching its final depth.

Soweit hier und nachfolgend vom Meer bzw. vom Meeresboden die Rede ist, schließt das die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in Süßwassergewässern nicht aus. Insoweit meint Meeresboden also auch beispielsweise den Boden eines Sees oder eines Flusses.As far as here and below the sea or the seabed is mentioned, this does not exclude the application of the method according to the invention in freshwater waters. In that regard, seabed so also means, for example, the bottom of a lake or a river.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das Bauelement aus einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen Transportposition in eine vertikale Position bzw. in eine im Wesentlichen vertikale Position überführt wird und dass das Bauelement bzw. der Hohlkörper mit Hilfe einer Manipulationseinrichtung in der vertikalen bzw. in der im Wesentlichen vertikalen Position gehalten wird. - Dass das Bauelement mit Hilfe der Manipulationseinrichtung in einer vertikalen bzw. in einer im Wesentlichen vertikalen Position gehalten wird, meint im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Längsachse des Bauelements bzw. des rohrförmigen Hohlkörpers vertikal bzw. im Wesentlichen vertikal orientiert ist.It is within the scope of the invention that the component of a substantially horizontal transport position in a vertical position or in a substantially vertical position is transferred and that the component or the hollow body is held by means of a manipulation device in the vertical or in the substantially vertical position. In the context of the invention, the fact that the component is held in a vertical or in a substantially vertical position with the aid of the manipulation means that the longitudinal axis of the component or of the tubular hollow body is oriented vertically or substantially vertically.

Vorzugsweise wird für die Installation bzw. für die Verankerung des Bauelementes eine Versetzeinrichtung eingesetzt. Bei der Versetzeinrichtung kann es sich insbesondere um eine Hubinsel oder ein Schiff handeln. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das Bauelement in eine vertikale Position bzw. in eine im Wesentlichen vertikale Position überführt wird, und zwar vorzugsweise mit einer Hebevorrichtung, die bevorzugt an bzw. auf der Versetzeinrichtung angeordnet bzw. fixiert ist. Empfohlenermaßen wird im Übrigen die Versetzeinrichtung mit Hubbeinen auf dem Meeresboden abgestützt und positioniert. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das Bauelement in seiner vertikalen Position bzw. im Wesentlichen vertikalen Position von der Manipulationseinrichtung fixiert bzw. eingespannt wird und in der vertikalen Position bzw. in der im Wesentlichen vertikalen Position gehalten wird. Zweckmäßigerweise ist die Manipulationseinrichtung an der Versetzeinrichtung angeschlossen bzw. fixiert.Preferably, a displacement device is used for the installation or for the anchoring of the component. The transfer device may in particular be a jack-up or a ship. It is within the scope of the invention that the component is transferred into a vertical position or in a substantially vertical position, preferably with a lifting device, which is preferably arranged or fixed on or on the transfer device. Empfohlenermaßen Incidentally, the transfer device is supported and positioned with lifting legs on the seabed. It is within the scope of the invention that the component is fixed or clamped in its vertical position or substantially vertical position by the manipulation device and is held in the vertical position or in the substantially vertical position. Conveniently, the manipulation device is connected or fixed to the transfer device.

Nach besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Bauelement in seiner in Bezug auf seine Höhe h oberen Hälfte bevorzugt im oberen Viertel von der Manipulationseinrichtung gehalten. Dazu weist die Manipulationseinrichtung zweckmäßigerweise eine Spanneinrichtung mit Spannelementen auf, zwischen denen das Bauelement eingespannt wird. Dabei kann es sich um eine Spannschellenkonstruktion handeln. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das Bauelement mit der Manipulationseinrichtung bezüglich seiner vertikalen und horizontalen Position geführt bzw. gehalten wird.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the component is held in its upper half in relation to its height h preferably in the upper quarter of the manipulation device. For this purpose, the manipulation device expediently has a clamping device with clamping elements, between which the component is clamped. This may be a clamp clamp construction. It is within the scope of the invention that the component is guided or held with the manipulation device with respect to its vertical and horizontal position.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird das Bauelement zunächst in der Manipulationseinrichtung eingespannt und dann mit Hilfe der Manipulationseinrichtung und der Hebevorrichtung in Richtung Meeresboden bewegt. Vorzugsweise wird anschließend das Bauelement so von der Manipulationseinrichtung gelöst, dass es unter seinem Eigengewicht auf den Meeresboden sinken kann bzw. unter seinem Eigengewicht in den Meeresboden einsinken kann. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass dann die Vibrationseinrichtung im oberen Bereich bzw. am oberen Ende des Bauelementes fixiert wird. Zur weiteren Unterstützung des Absenkvorganges wird zweckmäßigerweise vorab eine Bohreinrichtung am unteren Ende des Bauelementes installiert.Conveniently, the component is first clamped in the manipulation device and then moved by means of the manipulation device and the lifting device in the direction of the seabed. Preferably, the component is then released from the manipulation device so that it can sink under its own weight on the seabed or can sink into the seabed under its own weight. It is within the scope of the invention that then the vibration device is fixed in the upper region or at the upper end of the component. To further support the lowering process, a drilling device is expediently installed in advance at the lower end of the component.

Gemäß bevorzugter Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Manipulationseinrichtung beim Absenken des Bauelementes das Bauelement in seiner Position haltend, in Richtung Meeresboden nachgeführt. Die Manipulationseinrichtung wird dabei zweckmäßigerweise an zumindest einer Führungsschiene der Versetzeinrichtung vertikal nach unten nachgeführt. Das Nachführen erfolgt dabei bevorzugt solange, bis das Bauelement seine Endtiefe im Meeresboden erreicht hat. Dass das Bauelement von der Manipulationseinrichtung in seiner Position gehalten wird, meint im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das Bauelement bezüglich seiner vertikalen und/oder horizontalen Position von der Manipulationseinrichtung gehalten bzw. geführt wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the manipulation device when lowering the component, the component is held in position, tracked in the direction of the seabed. The manipulation device is expediently guided vertically downwards on at least one guide rail of the transfer device. The tracking is preferably carried out until the device has reached its final depth in the seabed. The fact that the component is held in its position by the manipulation means in the context of the invention that the component is held or guided by the manipulation device with respect to its vertical and / or horizontal position.

Eine sehr bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit der Bohreinrichtung taktweise gebohrt wird und dass zwischen den einzelnen Bohrvorgängen die erfindungsgemäße Vibrationseinrichtung zum Einsatz kommt. Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Hohlkörper zunächst mit der Vibrationseinrichtung eine bestimmte Strecke nach unten in den Boden einvibriert bzw. eingerüttelt, wobei in der Regel Bodenmaterial von unten in den Hohlraum des Hohlkörpers eindringt. Danach wird bevorzugt die Vibrationseinrichtung abgeschaltet und die Bohreinrichtung aktiviert, so dass zunächst nur der im Inneren des Hohlkörpers befindliche Boden abgebaut und gefördert wird. Es besteht weiterhin die Möglichkeit, auch unterhalb des eigentlichen Hohlkörpers Bodenmaterial abzubauen und zu fördern. Es liegt dabei im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass der Hohlkörper taktweise nach jedem Bohrhub oder kontinuierlich mit dem Bohrfortschritt in dem Bohrloch abgesenkt bzw. auf dem Boden des Bohrloches abgesetzt wird. Anschließend wird empfohlenermaßen die Bohreinrichtung abgeschaltet und wiederum die Vibrationseinrichtung aktiviert usw.. Bei diesen Vorgängen wird das Bauelement vorzugsweise von der Manipulationseinrichtung geführt bzw. gehalten. Empfohlenermaßen wird im Übrigen das beim Bohrvorgang gelöste Bodenmaterial durch den Hohlraum des Bauelementes bzw. des Hohlkörpers nach oben abgefördert.A very preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it is drilled intermittently with the drilling device and that between the individual drilling operations, the vibration device according to the invention for Use comes. Conveniently, the hollow body is first vibrated or vibrated with the vibrator a certain distance down into the ground, with soil material penetrates from below into the cavity of the hollow body in the rule. Thereafter, the vibration device is preferably switched off and the drilling device activated, so that initially only the soil located in the interior of the hollow body is broken down and conveyed. There is still the possibility to decompose and promote even below the actual hollow body soil. It is within the scope of the invention that the hollow body is lowered cyclically after each drilling stroke or continuously with the drilling progress in the well or deposited on the bottom of the wellbore. Subsequently, it is recommended that the drilling device is switched off and in turn the vibration device activated, etc. In these operations, the component is preferably guided or held by the manipulation device. Empfohlenermaßen, moreover, the soil material dissolved during the drilling operation is carried away upwards through the cavity of the component or the hollow body.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist zumindest ein Teil der Bohreinrichtung in dem Hohlraum des Bauelementes bzw. des Hohlkörpers aufgenommen. Empfohlenermaßen wird die Bohreinrichtung in den Hohlraum des Bauelementes eingeführt und positioniert, wenn das Bauelement auf dem Meeresboden abgesetzt wurde bzw. in den Meeresboden eingesunken ist. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass zumindest der Bohrantrieb der Bohreinrichtung sowie gegebenenfalls Kabelzuführungen für diesen Bohrantrieb in dem Hohlraum des Bauelementes angeordnet sind. Bei dem Bohrantrieb kann es sich um einen hydraulischen oder elektromotorischen Bohrantrieb handeln. Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Bohrantrieb im Hohlraum des Bauelementes fixiert. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass in dem Hohlraum des Bauelementes angeordnete Kabelzuführungen die Steuerung der Bohreinrichtung von einem Steuerstand auf der Versetzeinrichtung aus ermöglichen.Conveniently, at least a portion of the drilling device is received in the cavity of the component or of the hollow body. Empfohlenermaßen the drilling device is inserted into the cavity of the device and positioned when the device has been deposited on the seabed or sunken into the seabed. It is within the scope of the invention that at least the drill drive of the drilling device and optionally cable feeds for this drill drive are arranged in the cavity of the component. The auger drive may be a hydraulic or electromotive auger drive. Conveniently, the drill drive is fixed in the cavity of the component. It is within the scope of the invention that arranged in the cavity of the component cable feeds allow the control of the drilling device from a control station on the transfer device.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird bei dem Bohrvorgang im Vollschnittverfahren gebohrt. Dazu ist vorzugsweise ein am unteren Ende des Bauelementes installiertes Schneidrad vorgesehen. Das rotierende Schneidrad löst den Boden im Bohrloch und führt das gelöste Bodenmaterial zweckmäßigerweise einer Fördereinrichtung zu. - Nach einer anderen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird bei dem Bohrvorgang im Teilschnitt-Verfahren gebohrt. Dabei wird vorzugsweise eine rotierende Schneidwalze mit Besatz aus Abbauwerkzeugen eingesetzt, die bevorzugt an einem dreidimensional bewegbaren Arm montiert ist. Das gelöste Bodenmaterial wird auch bei dieser Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens von der Schneidwalze einer Fördereinrichtung zugeführt.According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention is drilled in the drilling process in the full-cut method. For this purpose, an installed at the lower end of the component cutting wheel is preferably provided. The rotating cutting wheel loosens the soil in the borehole and expediently feeds the dissolved soil material to a conveying device. - According to another embodiment of the method according to the invention is drilled in the drilling process in the partial section method. In this case, a rotating cutting roller is preferably used with trimming from mining tools, which is preferably mounted on a three-dimensionally movable arm. The dissolved soil material is also supplied in this embodiment of the method according to the invention of the cutting roller of a conveyor.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit einem Bauelement gearbeitet wird, das an seinem unteren Stirnende eine Schneidkante aufweist. Vorzugsweise läuft diese Schneidkante über den gesamten Umfang des Bauelementes bzw. des Hohlkörpers um. Zur Realisierung der Schneidkante läuft die Wandung des Bauelementes bzw. des rohrförmigen Hohlkörpers nach unten hin spitz zu. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die untere Schneidkante des Hohlkörpers in Kombination mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vibrationseinrichtung. Aufgrund dieser Schneidkante lässt sich der Hohlkörper besonders effektiv in den Untergrund einrütteln bzw. einvibrieren.A further embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that it uses a component which has a cutting edge at its lower front end. Preferably, this cutting edge runs over the entire circumference of the component or of the hollow body. To realize the cutting edge, the wall of the component or the tubular hollow body runs down towards pointed down. Particularly advantageous is the lower cutting edge of the hollow body in combination with the vibration device according to the invention. Due to this cutting edge, the hollow body can be particularly effectively shake or vibrate into the ground.

Während des Bohrvorgangs wird die Bohrlochwandung zweckmäßigerweise hydraulisch gestützt und geschmiert, insbesondere durch ein im Bohrloch bzw. im Hohlraum des Bauelementes vorhandenes fluides Medium. Bei diesem fluiden Medium handelt es sich zweckmäßigerweise um eine Flüssigkeit in Form von Seewasser oder in Form einer Suspension. Die Verwendung von speziellen Suspensionen bzw. Stützsuspensionen auf Polymerbasis oder Bentonitbasis oder hydraulisch abbindenden Materialien ist im Bedarfsfall möglich. Zweckmäßigerweise wird die hydraulische Stützung und Schmierung durch Flüssigkeit mit einem im Vergleich zum Meeresspiegel erhöhten Flüssigkeitsdruck realisiert. Die Flüssigkeit dringt dadurch in den Zwischenraum zwischen Boden bzw. Bohrlochwandung und der Außenfläche des Hohlkörpers ein. Dieser Zwischenraum oder Ringspalt kann dabei planmäßig erzeugt werden durch Bohren mit Überschnitt oder sich aufgrund des Bohr- und Vibrationsvorgangs ergeben. Durch diese hydraulische Stützung bzw. durch den dabei erzeugten Druck wird ein Zusammenfallen der Bohrlochwandungen verhindert. Außerdem wird dadurch ein Anhaften von Teilen des umgebenden Bodens an der Außenfläche des Hohlkörpers vermieden, wodurch der o.g. Effekt der Schmierung erzielt wird.During the drilling operation, the borehole wall is expediently hydraulically supported and lubricated, in particular by a fluid medium present in the borehole or in the cavity of the component. This fluid medium is expediently a liquid in the form of seawater or in the form of a suspension. The use of special suspensions or support suspensions based on polymer or bentonite or hydraulically setting materials is possible if necessary. Appropriately, the hydraulic support and lubrication is realized by liquid with a higher liquid pressure compared to the sea level. As a result, the liquid penetrates into the intermediate space between the bottom or borehole wall and the outer surface of the hollow body. This gap or annular gap can be generated as planned by drilling with overcut or arise due to the drilling and vibration process. By this hydraulic support or by the pressure generated thereby a collapse of the borehole walls is prevented. In addition, thereby adhering parts of the surrounding soil is avoided on the outer surface of the hollow body, whereby the o.g. Effect of lubrication is achieved.

Eine mögliche Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ringspalt während des Bohrvorgangs mit einem nicht aushärtenden bzw. nicht abbindenden Verfüllmaterial verfüllt wird und dass der Ringspalt zum Ende des Bohrvorgangs und/oder nach Beendigung des Bohrvorgangs unter Verdrängung des nicht aushärtenden bzw. nicht abbindenden Verfüllmaterials mit einem aushärtenden bzw. abbindenden Verfüllmaterial verfüllt bzw. verpresst wird. Bei dem nicht aushärtenden Verfüllmaterial kann es sich bevorzugt um eine Bentonitsuspension handeln. Als aushärtendes bzw. abbindendes Verfüllmaterial wird zweckmäßigerweise ein hydraulisch abbindendes Verfüllmaterial eingesetzt. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das nicht aushärtende bzw. nicht abbindende Verfüllmaterial nach Erreichen der Endtiefe des Bauelementes wieder aus dem Ringspalt entfernt wird. Dazu wird vorzugsweise über den Hohlraum des Bauelementes das aushärtende bzw. abbindende Verfüllmaterial - beispielsweise ein Mörtel - von unten in den Ringspalt eingepresst, so dass das nicht aushärtende bzw. nicht abbindende Verfüllmaterial nach oben hin verdrängt wird und am oberen Ende des Ringspaltes austritt. Es ist dabei möglich, das nicht aushärtende bzw. nicht abbindende Verfüllmaterial - beispielsweise eine Bentonitsuspension - am oberen Ende des Ringspaltes mit Hilfe eines Auffangringes aufzufangen, damit das Material nicht ins Meerwasser gelangt.A possible embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the annular gap is filled during the drilling process with a non-hardening or non-setting filling material and that the annular gap at the end of the drilling operation and / or after completion of the drilling operation with displacement of the non-hardening or non-setting Filling material is filled or pressed with a hardening or binding filling material. The non-hardening backfill material may preferably be a bentonite suspension. As a hardening or binding filling material is advantageously a hydraulically setting Filling material used. It is within the scope of the invention that the non-hardening or non-setting filling material is removed again from the annular gap after reaching the final depth of the component. For this purpose, the hardening or setting backfilling material-for example a mortar-is preferably pressed into the annular gap from below through the cavity of the component, so that the non-hardening or non-setting filling material is displaced upward and exits at the upper end of the annular gap. It is possible, the non-hardening or non-setting backfill - for example, a Bentonitsuspension - catch at the upper end of the annular gap with the help of a collecting ring, so that the material does not get into the seawater.

Nach einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Ringspalt während des Bohrvorgangs mit einem aushärtenden bzw. abbindenden Verfüllmaterial verfüllt bzw. verpresst. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich dabei um ein hydraulisch abbindendes Verfüllmaterial. Wenn während des Bohrvorgangs der Ringspalt mit dem aushärtenden Verfüllmaterial verfüllt wird, muss sichergestellt sein, dass die Kontaktfläche zwischen Bauelement und Verfüllmaterial ausreichend gleitfähig bleibt. Dazu kann ein entsprechend spezielles Verfüllmaterial eingesetzt werden. Es ist auch möglich, eine entsprechende Beschichtung auf der Außenoberfläche des Bauelementes aufzubringen. Das erfindungsgemäße Vibrieren des Bauelementes trägt dazu bei, dass eine ausreichende Beweglichkeit des Bauelementes relativ zum Verfüllmaterial gewährleistet bleibt. - Nach einer empfohlenen Ausführungsform wird ein aushärtender Mörtel bzw. Ringspaltmörtel als Verfüllmaterial für den Ringspalt eingesetzt.According to another embodiment of the invention, the annular gap is filled or pressed during the drilling process with a hardening or setting filling material. Preferably, this is a hydraulically setting filling material. If the annular gap is filled with the hardening filling material during the drilling process, it must be ensured that the contact surface between the component and the filling material remains sufficiently lubricious. For this purpose, a corresponding special filling material can be used. It is also possible to apply a corresponding coating on the outer surface of the component. Vibrating the component according to the invention contributes to ensuring sufficient mobility of the component relative to the filling material. - According to a recommended embodiment, a hardening mortar or annular gap mortar is used as filling material for the annular gap.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das aushärtende bzw. abbindende Verfüllmaterial über seitliche Öffnungen in der Wandung des Bauelementes eingebracht wird. Das Einpressen kann im Bedarfsfall mit hohem Druck erfolgen, so dass das Verfüllmaterial über den Ringspalt hinaus in den angrenzenden Boden bzw. das angrenzende Gebirge eindringt und dort verästelte, mit aushärtendem Verfüllmaterial gefüllte Kanäle bildet. Dieses Einpressen unter hohem Druck kann auch nach Einbringen eines aushärtenden Verfüllmaterials vorgenommen werden, oder wiederholt vorgenommen werden, wobei dann das im Ringspalt vorhandene, ausgehärtete Verfüllmaterial teilweise aufgebrochen wird und von dem neu eingepressten Verfüllmaterial durchsetzt wird, dass dann auch darüber hinaus weiter in den Boden eindringt und dort die vorab beschriebenen Verästelungen ausbildet. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine optimale Verzahnung des Bauelementes mit dem Boden sowie eine Verbesserung desselben und somit insgesamt eine verbesserte Tragfähigkeit.Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the hardening or setting backfilling material over lateral openings in the wall of the component is introduced. The pressing can be done in case of need with high pressure, so that the backfill material penetrates beyond the annular gap in the adjacent soil or the adjacent mountains where it forms branched, filled with hardening filling material channels. This pressing under high pressure can be made even after introducing a hardening filling material, or be made repeatedly, in which case the existing in the annular gap, hardened backfill material is partially broken and is penetrated by the newly pressed backfill material, that then also further into the ground penetrates and there forms the ramifications described above. In this way, an optimal toothing of the component with the ground and an improvement of the same and thus an overall improved load capacity results.

Gemäß einer weitergehenden Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Bauelement zusätzlich mit Hilfe von Verpressankern fixiert, die durch Öffnungen in dem rohrförmigen Hohlkörper in den umgebenden Boden getrieben werden. Auch diese Verpressanker gewährleisten eine bessere Verankerung bzw. Verzahnung des Bauelementes in dem umgebenden Boden. Zweckmäßigerweise handelt es sich um vorgespannte Verpressanker.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the component is additionally fixed by means of injection anchors, which are driven through openings in the tubular hollow body in the surrounding soil. These anchoring anchors ensure better anchoring or toothing of the component in the surrounding soil. Appropriately, it is biased ground anchors.

Vorzugsweise wird nach Abschluss des Bohrvorganges zumindest ein Teil der Komponenten der Bohreinrichtung zurückgebaut. Zweckmäßigerweise wird zumindest der Bohrantrieb wieder aus dem Hohlraum des Bauelementes entfernt und bevorzugt auch der Bohrkopf bzw. die Bohrwerkzeuge. Ein vollständiger Rückbau der Komponenten der Bohreinrichtung empfiehlt sich.Preferably, after completion of the drilling operation, at least a part of the components of the drilling device is dismantled. Conveniently, at least the drill drive is removed again from the cavity of the component and preferably also the drill head or the drilling tools. A complete dismantling of the components of the drilling device is recommended.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein einfaches und effektives Einbringen von Bauelementen bzw. Gründungselementen in den Untergrund möglich ist. Dabei können die ökologischen Belastungen und insbesondere unerwünschte Schallemissionen gegenüber aus der Praxis bekannten Maßnahmen überraschend beachtlich minimiert werden. Der Erfindung liegt weiterhin die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass vor allem der Kombination von Vibrieren einerseits und Verpressen andererseits erhebliche Bedeutung zukommt. Mit dem Verfahren lassen sich vor allem auch Bauelemente mit geringem Gewicht - beispielsweise Pfähle für Jackets - einfach und effektiv in den Boden einbringen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist von lokalen geologischen Verhältnissen weitgehend unabhängig. Die mit dem Verfahren hergestellte Gründung zeichnet sich durch eine überraschend hohe Tragfähigkeit aus und zwar bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der Massen und Gewichte der in einem Arbeitsschritt einzubauenden Komponenten. Damit werden die bislang bestehenden Einschränkungen für die Größe von Offshore-Anlagen überwunden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren arbeitet mit relativ einfachen und wenig aufwendigen Maßnahmen und kann somit verhältnismäßig kostengünstig realisiert werden.The invention is based on the finding that a simple and effective introduction of components or foundation elements into the substrate is possible with the method according to the invention. In this case, the environmental pollution and in particular undesired noise emissions can be surprisingly remarkably minimized compared to measures known from practice. The invention is further based on the finding that above all the combination of vibration on the one hand and pressing on the other hand has considerable importance. In particular, low weight components, such as jackets for jackets, can be easily and effectively introduced into the ground using the method. The process according to the invention is largely independent of local geological conditions. The foundation produced by the method is characterized by a surprisingly high load-bearing capacity, while reducing the masses and weights of the components to be installed in one work step. This overcomes the existing restrictions on the size of offshore installations. The method according to the invention operates with relatively simple and inexpensive measures and can thus be realized relatively inexpensively.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung:

Figur 1
eine erste Phase des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
Figur 2
eine zweite Phase,
Figur 3
eine dritte Phase,
Figur 4
eine vierte Phase des Verfahrens,
Figur 5
eine Draufsicht auf ein Bauelement mit daran fixierter Manipulationseinrichtung in Form einer Spannschellenkonstruktion,
Figur 6
einen Schnitt durch eine Ausführungsform eines Bauelementes mit innenseitig angeordneter Bohreinrichtung für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und
Figur 7
einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus Fig. 6.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings showing only one exemplary embodiment. In a schematic representation:
FIG. 1
a first phase of the process according to the invention,
FIG. 2
a second phase,
FIG. 3
a third phase,
FIG. 4
a fourth phase of the procedure,
FIG. 5
a top view of a device with it fixed manipulation device in the form of a clamp clamp construction,
FIG. 6
a section through an embodiment of a device with inside arranged drilling device for the inventive method and
FIG. 7
an enlarged section Fig. 6 ,

Die Figuren verdeutlichen das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Gründung für eine Offshore-Anlage, und zwar im Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren für eine Offshore-Windkraftanlage.The figures illustrate the inventive method for producing a foundation for an offshore installation, in the embodiment according to the figures for an offshore wind turbine.

Gemäß der in Figur 1 dargestellten ersten Phase des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Bauelement 1 mit der Hebevorrichtung 7 aus der Transportposition in eine vertikale Position überführt. Das in der vertikalen Position befindliche Bauelement 1 wird anschließend in eine Manipulationseinrichtung 8 der Hubinsel 4 eingespannt. In der Figur 5 ist eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Manipulationseinrichtung 8 dargestellt. Hier weist die Manipulationseinrichtung 8 eine Spannschellenkonstruktion mit Spannschellen 9 zum Einspannen des Bauelementes 1 auf. In der Figur 5 ist auch deutlich erkennbar, dass im Ausführungsbeispiel und nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung das Bauelement 1 einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist und somit zylinderförmig ausgebildet ist. Das Einspannen des Bauelementes 1 in der Manipulationseinrichtung 8 erfolgt bevorzugt und im Ausführungsbeispiel (Figur 1) am oberen Ende des Bauelementes 1.According to the in FIG. 1 shown first phase of the method according to the invention, the component 1 is transferred with the lifting device 7 from the transport position to a vertical position. The component 1 located in the vertical position is then clamped in a manipulation device 8 of the lifting island 4. In the FIG. 5 a preferred embodiment of the manipulation device 8 according to the invention is shown. Here, the manipulation device 8 has a tension clamp construction with tension clamps 9 for clamping the component 1. In the FIG. 5 is also clearly seen that in the embodiment and according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the component 1 has a circular cross-section and is thus cylindrical. The clamping of the component 1 in the manipulation device 8 is preferably and in the embodiment ( FIG. 1 ) at the upper end of the component 1.

Die Figur 2 zeigt die zweite Phase des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Hier wird das Bauelement 1 mit der an zumindest einer Führungsschiene 10 der Hubinsel 4 vertikal verfahrbaren Manipulationseinrichtung 8 zum Meeresboden 3 hingeführt. Mit andern Worten wird das untere Ende des Bauelementes 1 auf dem Meeresboden 3 abgestellt. Dabei kann nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung kurz vor Erreichen des Meeresbodens 3 das Bauelement 1 in der Manipulationseinrichtung 8 mit der Maßgabe gelöst werden, dass das Bauelement 1 unter seinem Eigengewicht vertikal nach unten zum Meeresboden 3 sinkt und gegebenenfalls in den Meeresboden 3 einsinkt. In der Fig. 2 ist auch erkennbar, dass im Inneren des Bauelementes 1 eine Bohrvorrichtung 12 angeordnet sein kann und am oberen Ende des Bauelementes 1 eine Vibrationseinrichtung 27 fixiert ist. Anschließend werden vorzugsweise abwechselnd die Vibrationseinrichtung 27 und die Bohreinrichtung 12 aktiviert. Es findet also im Wechsel ein Einvibrieren des Bauelementes 1 in den Meeresboden 3 und ein Bohren des Bohrloches 11 statt. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Bohreinrichtung 12 ist im Übrigen in der Figur 6 schematisch dargestellt. Darauf wird weiter unten noch eingegangen.The FIG. 2 shows the second phase of the method according to the invention. Here, the component 1 is guided with the at least one guide rail 10 of the lifting island 4 vertically movable manipulation device 8 to the seabed 3. In other words, the lower end of the component 1 is placed on the seabed 3. In this case, according to an embodiment of the invention, shortly before reaching the seabed 3, the component 1 can be released in the manipulation device 8 with the proviso that the component 1 sinks vertically below its own weight down to the seabed 3 and optionally sinks into the seabed 3. In the Fig. 2 It can also be seen that a drilling device 12 can be arranged inside the component 1 and a vibration device 27 is fixed at the upper end of the component 1. Subsequently, the vibration device 27 and the drilling device 12 are preferably activated alternately. Thus, it takes place alternately vibrating the component 1 in the seabed 3 and drilling the wellbore 11 instead. A preferred embodiment of the drilling device 12 is otherwise in the FIG. 6 shown schematically. This will be discussed below.

Das Bohrloch 11 wird in den Bohrphasen sukzessive entsprechend dem Durchmesser des Bauelementes 1 in den Meeresboden 3 gebohrt. Dabei wird das Bauelement 1 mit Hilfe der an der Führungsschiene 10 vertikal verfahrbaren Manipulationseinrichtung 8 nachgeführt. Das Bauelement 1 wird zweckmäßigerweise sowohl bezüglich der horizontalen Richtung als auch bezüglich der vertikalen Richtung von der Manipulationseinrichtung 8 geführt bzw. gehalten. In der in Figur 3 dargestellten dritten Phase des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wurde bereits die Endtiefe des Bauelementes 1 erreicht und die Manipulationseinrichtung 8 ist in dieser Phase noch am oberen Ende des Bauelementes 1 angeschlossen.The borehole 11 is drilled in the drilling phases successively in accordance with the diameter of the component 1 in the seabed 3. In this case, the component 1 is tracked with the help of the guide rail 10 vertically movable manipulation device 8. The component 1 is expediently guided or held by the manipulation device 8 both with respect to the horizontal direction and with respect to the vertical direction. In the in FIG. 3 represented third phase of the method according to the invention the final depth of the component 1 has already been reached and the manipulation device 8 is still connected at the upper end of the component 1 in this phase.

Gemäß der in Figur 4 dargestellten vierten Phase wird die Führungsschiene 10 mit der am unteren Ende der Führungsschiene 10 angeordneten Manipulationseinrichtung 8 nach oben verfahren. - Das Bohrloch 11 wird im Übrigen mit Überschnitt gebohrt, sodass der Durchmesser des Bohrloches 11 etwas größer ist als der Außendurchmesser des Bauelementes 1. Der dabei resultierende Ringspalt 13 zwischen dem Bauelement 1 und der Bohrlochwandung wird nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einem aushärtenden Mörtel bzw. Ringspaltmörtel verpresst, der nach Beendigung des Bohrvorgangs aushärtet.According to the in FIG. 4 illustrated fourth phase, the guide rail 10 is moved with the arranged at the lower end of the guide rail 10 manipulation device 8 upwards. The bore 11 is otherwise drilled with overcut, so that the diameter of the well 11 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the component 1. The resulting annular gap 13 between the component 1 and the borehole wall is according to a preferred embodiment of the invention with a hardening mortar or annular gap mortar pressed, which hardens after completion of the drilling process.

Die Figur 6 veranschaulicht eine mögliche Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Hier ist der größte Teil der Komponenten der Bohreinrichtung 12 in dem Hohlraum 20 des Bauelementes 1 aufgenommen. So ist insbesondere der Bohrantrieb 21 der Bohreinrichtung 12 in diesem Hohlraum 20 angeordnet. Lediglich der Bohrkopf 22 ragt aus dem unteren Ende des Bauelementes 1 in das Bohrloch 11. Der Bohrkopf 22 mag hier ein nicht näher dargestelltes Schneidrad für ein Bohren im Vollschnitt-Verfahren aufweisen. Durch das rotierende Schneidrad wird Bodenmaterial im Bohrloch 11 gelöst und anschließend abgefördert. Eine weitere nicht dargestellte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht den Bodenabbau im Teilschnittverfahren vor. Dabei erfolgt der Abbauvorgang mit einer an einem beweglichen Arm rotierenden und mit Abbauwerkzeugen bestückten Schneid/-Schrämwalze. Nach besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsform und passend zu beiden vorab beschriebenen Verfahrensvarianten wird das beim Bohrvorgang gelöste Bodenmaterial durch den Hohlraum 20 des Bauelementes 1 nach oben abgefördert. In der Figur 6 ist die entsprechende Förderleitung 23 schematisch dargestellt.The FIG. 6 illustrates a possible embodiment of the method according to the invention. Here, the majority of the components of the drilling device 12 is received in the cavity 20 of the component 1. Thus, in particular, the drill drive 21 of the drilling device 12 is arranged in this cavity 20. Only the drill head 22 protrudes from the lower end of the component 1 in the borehole 11. The drill head 22 may here have a not-shown cutting wheel for drilling in the full-cut method. Due to the rotating cutting wheel soil material is dissolved in the borehole 11 and then discharged. Another non-illustrated embodiment of the method according to the invention provides the soil degradation in the partial section method. The mining process is carried out with a rotating on a movable arm and equipped with removal tools cutting / -Schrämwalze. According to a particularly preferred embodiment and suitable for both previously described process variants, the soil material dissolved during the drilling process becomes discharged through the cavity 20 of the component 1 upwards. In the FIG. 6 is the corresponding delivery line 23 shown schematically.

Figur 6 zeigt weiterhin, dass der Hohlraum 20 des Bauelementes 1 mit Flüssigkeit 24 gefüllt ist. Dabei füllt die Flüssigkeit 24 den Hohlraum 20 mit einem im Vergleich zum Meeresspiegel 25 erhöhten Flüssigkeitsstand. Dadurch werden die Wandungen des Bohrloches 11 hydraulisch gestützt, um einen Zusammenfall der Bohrlochwandungen zu verhindern. Mit Hilfe der Flüssigkeit 24 kann das beim Bohren gelöste Bodenmaterial im Übrigen hydraulisch über die Förderleitung 23 abgefördert werden, und zwar vorzugsweise im Rahmen eines in der Figur 6 nicht näher dargestellten hydraulischen Förderkreislaufes. Nach Beendigung des Bohrvorganges wird vorzugsweise die gesamte Bohreinrichtung 12 mit Förderleitung 23 zurückgebaut bzw. über den Hohlraum 20 aus dem Bauelement 1 entfernt. Bei der Flüssigkeit 24 kann es sich im Übrigen um eine Stützsuspension handeln. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die im Ringspalt 13 zwischen Bauelement 1 und Bohrlochwandung verbleibende Stützsuspension entfernt wird, sofern sie nicht aushärtend ist (1-Phasen-Lösung). Dazu wird in nicht näher dargestellter Weise bevorzugt Mörtel über den Hohlraum 20 des Bauelementes 1 von unten in den Ringspalt 13 eingepresst. Die Stützsuspension auf Basis von Bentonit wird dann nach oben verdrängt und bevorzugt mit einem über dem Ringspalt 13 angeordneten Auffangring 26 aufgefangen und entfernt. Der Mörtel erhärtet im Ringspalt 13 und fixiert das Bauelement 1 so in seiner Lage. FIG. 6 further shows that the cavity 20 of the device 1 is filled with liquid 24. In this case, the liquid 24 fills the cavity 20 with a liquid level that is elevated in comparison with the sea level 25. Thereby, the walls of the wellbore 11 are hydraulically supported to prevent collapse of the borehole walls. Incidentally, with the aid of the liquid 24, the soil material dissolved during drilling can be conveyed off hydraulically via the delivery line 23, preferably within the framework of a FIG. 6 not shown hydraulic delivery circuit. After completion of the drilling operation, preferably the entire drilling device 12 is dismantled with delivery line 23 or removed from the component 1 via the cavity 20. Incidentally, the liquid 24 may be a support suspension. It is within the scope of the invention that the remaining in the annular gap 13 between the component 1 and the borehole wall support suspension is removed, unless it is curing (1-phase solution). For this purpose, in a manner not shown preferred mortar via the cavity 20 of the device 1 is pressed from below into the annular gap 13. The support suspension based on bentonite is then displaced upwards and preferably collected and removed with a collecting ring 26 arranged above the annular gap 13. The mortar hardens in the annular gap 13 and fixes the component 1 in its position.

In den Figuren 6 und 7 ist im Übrigen erkennbar, dass nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform und im Ausführungsbeispiel das untere Stirnende des Bauelementes 1 eine Schneidkante 28 aufweist, die vorzugsweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel über den Umfang des Bauelementes 1 umläuft. Diese Schneidkante 28 ist insbesondere in den Phasen hilfreich, in denen das Bauelement 1 mit der Vibrationseinrichtung 27 eingerüttelt bzw. einvibriert wird. Fig. 6 und 7 zeigen weiterhin, dass bevorzugt und im Ausführungsbeispiel der mit der Schneidkante 28 versehene untere Abschnitt 29 des Bauelementes 1 einen größeren Außendurchmesser aufweist, als der obere Bereich des Bauelementes 1. Das trägt in vorteilhafter Weise dazu bei, dass ein Bohrloch 11 mit Überschnitt erzeugt werden kann. - In der Fig. 7 (vergrößerter Ausschnitt aus Fig. 6) sind im Übrigen weitere Komponenten erkennbar, die der besseren Übersichtlichkeit halber in Fig. 6 nicht eingezeichnet wurden. Im unteren Bereich des Bauelementes 1 sind Verpressleitungen 30 erkennbar, mit denen ein Verfüllmaterial 14, insbesondere ein Ringspaltmörtel in den Ringspalt 13 verpressbar ist. Weiter oben sind Öffnungen 31 über den Umfang der Wandung des Bauelementes 1 verteilt angeordnet. An diese Öffnungen 31 schließen Verpressleitungen 32 an, die die Öffnungen 31 mit einer nicht dargestellten Verpresseinrichtung verbinden. Über die Verpressleitungen 32 bzw. über die Öffnungen 31 kann ein Verfüllmaterial 14 - vorzugsweise ein Ringspaltmörtel - unter hohem Druck - den Ringspalt 13 bzw. das darin angeordnete Verfüllmaterial durchdringend - in den Meeresboden 3 verpresst werden. Dadurch entstehen Verankerungskanäle 33, die eine effektive Verankerung des Bauelementes 1 in dem Meeresboden gewährleisten.In the FIGS. 6 and 7 Incidentally, it can be seen that, according to a preferred embodiment and in the embodiment, the lower end face of the component 1 has a cutting edge 28, which rotates preferably over the circumference of the component 1 and in the exemplary embodiment. This cutting edge 28 is helpful in particular in the phases in which the component 1 is vibrated or vibrated with the vibration device 27. Fig. 6 and 7 show further that preferred and in the embodiment of the provided with the cutting edge 28 lower portion 29 of the component 1 has a larger outer diameter than the upper portion of the component 1. That contributes advantageously to a well 11 can be generated with overcut , - In the Fig. 7 (enlarged detail from Fig. 6 In addition, other components are recognizable, for the sake of clarity in Fig. 6 not drawn. In the lower region of the component 1, injection lines 30 can be seen with which a filling material 14, in particular an annular gap mortar, can be pressed into the annular gap 13. Further above, openings 31 are arranged distributed over the circumference of the wall of the component 1. At these openings 31 close Verpressleitungen 32, which connect the openings 31 with a pressing device, not shown. Via the injection lines 32 or via the openings 31, a filling material 14 -preferably an annular gap mortar-under high pressure-the annular gap 13 or the filling material arranged therein-can be pressed into the seabed 3. This results in anchoring channels 33, which ensure an effective anchoring of the component 1 in the seabed.

Claims (18)

  1. A method for producing a foundation for an offshore installation, in particular for an offshore wind power installation, wherein a component (1) in the form of a tubular hollow body is sunk with its lower end onto the seabed (3),
    wherein the lower end of the component (1) is subsequently introduced into the seabed (3) and wherein to support this introduction, the component (1) is loaded in the upper region thereof or at the upper end thereof using a vibration apparatus (27), characterised in that
    during the introduction of the component (1) into the gap or annular gap (13), fill material is introduced, preferably is introduced continuously, between component (1) and adjacent seabed (3),
    and wherein the component (1) is fixed after reaching its final depth.
  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a drill hole (11) is drilled into the seabed (3) at the lower end of the component (1) using a drilling apparatus (12) and wherein the component (1) is sunk in the drill hole (11) in accordance with the drilling progress.
  3. The method according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the component (1) is transported to the assembly location or installation location in a floating manner and wherein the component (1) is sunk from a floating position with a horizontally orientated longitudinal axis or with an essentially horizontally orientated longitudinal axis, wherein the sinking takes place as far as the seabed (3) or to a defined position thereabove.
  4. The method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the component (1) is transferred from a horizontal position or from an essentially horizontal position into a vertical position or into an essentially vertical position and is held in the vertical or in the essentially vertical position with the aid of a manipulation apparatus (8).
  5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the manipulation apparatus (8) is tracked in the direction of the seabed (3) during the sinking of the component (1), holding the component (1) in its position.
  6. The method according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein drilling is carried out using a full-face method and wherein a cutting wheel installed at the lower end of the component is used to this end.
  7. The method according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein drilling is carried out using a partial-face method with partial-face equipment.
  8. The method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein work is carried out using a component (1) that has a cutting edge (28) at the lower front end thereof and wherein the cutting edge (28) preferably surrounds over the circumference of the component (1).
  9. The method according to one of claims 2 to 7, wherein a drill hole (11) is drilled, the diameter of which is greater than the outer diameter of the component (1), so that an annular gap (13) is formed between component (1) and the drill hole wall.
  10. The method according to one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the drill hole wall is hydraulically supported, particularly by means of a fluid medium arranged in the drill hole (11) or in the cavity of the component (1), for example in the form of a suspension or in the form of sea water.
  11. The method according to one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the annular gap (13) is filled or injected with a curing or setting fill material (14) during the drilling procedure and/or after the drilling procedure.
  12. The method according to one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the annular gap (13) is filled with a non-curing or non-setting fill material during the drilling procedure and wherein the annular gap (13) is filled or injected with a curing or setting fill material (14) at the end of the drilling procedure and/or after the end of the drilling procedure by forcing out the non-curing or non-setting fill material.
  13. The method according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein curing or setting fill material is injected into the annular gap (13) via lateral openings 31 in the wall of the component (1).
  14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the injection takes place via lateral openings with an increased pressure, so that the injection material penetrates into the annular gap and beyond into the surrounding ground.
  15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the injection takes place via the lateral openings with an increased pressure after the curing of a previously injected annular-gap filling.
  16. The method according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein prestressed ground anchors are spread out from the component (1) and introduced into the adjacent rock or into the adjacent seabed (3).
  17. The method according to one of claims 2 to 15, wherein the bed material released during the drilling procedure is conveyed away upwards through the cavity of the component (1).
  18. The method according to one of claims 2 to 16, wherein the vibration or shaking is carried out using the vibration apparatus (27) and drilling is carried out using the drilling apparatus (12) in an alternating manner.
EP12163981.9A 2012-04-12 2012-04-12 Method of creating a foundation for a offshore structure Active EP2650446B1 (en)

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PL12163981T PL2650446T3 (en) 2012-04-12 2012-04-12 Method of creating a foundation for a offshore structure

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DE102014007359A1 (en) 2014-05-21 2015-11-26 Herrenknecht Ag System and method for creating a foundation for a structure in the water
FR3084380B1 (en) * 2018-07-30 2020-10-23 Saipem Sa PROCESS FOR INSTALLING A TUBULAR METAL PILE IN ROCKY SOIL
CN109295972A (en) 2018-09-25 2019-02-01 高永光 Full-sleeve engineering method prefabricated pile perfusion slurry and grouting behind shaft or drift lining concretion technology
CN114508074A (en) * 2022-03-17 2022-05-17 中交第三航务工程局有限公司江苏分公司 Installation method of slot-in type prefabricated part of assembly type high-pile wharf
EP4339376A1 (en) * 2022-09-16 2024-03-20 BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH Method for forming a foundation pile in the ground

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US3314241A (en) * 1964-12-21 1967-04-18 Esso Production And Res Compan Method and apparatus for use in driving piles
DE112004003050A5 (en) * 2004-12-06 2007-11-22 Bard Engineering Gmbh Apparatus and method for positioning at least two foundation piles on the bottom of a body of water

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