Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
  • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
  • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
  • B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
  • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
  • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
  • C10G3/48—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support
  • C10G3/49—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support containing crystalline aluminosilicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G50/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
  • B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
  • B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
  • C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
  • C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
  • C07C2529/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
  • C10G2300/201—Impurities
  • C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
  • C10G2300/4018—Spatial velocity, e.g. LHSV, WHSV
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
  • C10G2300/4081—Recycling aspects
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/80—Additives
  • C10G2300/802—Diluents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
  • C10G2400/22—Higher olefins
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
  • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the production of distillate from heteroatomic organic compounds, in particular oxygenated compounds derived in particular from biomass.
• distillate hydrocarbons of 10 carbon atoms or more, middle distillates comprising 10 to 20 carbon atoms and distilling in the temperature range of 145 ° C to 350 ° C.
• middle distillates comprising 10 to 20 carbon atoms and distilling in the temperature range of 145 ° C to 350 ° C.
• olefins C10-C12 jet fuel
• Cl 2+ diesel
• Heteroatomic organic compounds are intermediate compounds for valorising biomass, natural gas, coal, etc. This recovery can for example be carried out by synthesis of methanol or chloromethane.
• Heteroatomic organic olefins make it possible to obtain highly olefinic products containing up to 92% by weight (carbon base) of C2-C8 olefins containing a majority of olefins. light in C2-C4.
• the content of C2-C3 olefins can reach 50 to 55% by weight.
• Optimizing the yield of C4 + from the oxygenates in one pass (one-through) leads to a significant loss of carbon in the form of paraffins and aromatics, which are suitable only for the gasoline pool, thus decreasing the content. to olefins in the XTO process effluent.
• C2-C3 olefins especially ethylene, react little under typical oligomerization conditions. While butanes, pentenes and heavy olefins (comprising 6 or more carbon atoms) are converted to a level of 50 to 95% by weight, only 10 to 20% by weight of the ethylene is converted to a
• Acid-type oligomerization catalyst Catalytic oligomerization of ethylene occurs at higher temperatures and lower pressures. Under such conditions, the conversion rate of ethylene is considerably increased, and the oligomerization of light olefins (C2-C4) is almost complete, to produce an olefinic gasoline comprising hexene, heptene, octene and other hydrocarbons in good yields. However, under such conditions much of the C4 is converted to aromatic hydrocarbons.
• zeolite-type selective catalysts such as the MOGD process ("Olefins to Gasoline and Distillate” process Olefins in Gasoline and Distillate MOBIL).
• MOGD process Olefins to Gasoline and Distillate
• the products obtained from butenes are trimers and tetramers, characterized by a low degree of branching.
• This process comprises a first step wherein a gaseous mixture comprising methanol and / or DME and / or other oxygenates and water vapor are converted to olefins, oligomerized at high pressure in a second step to form heavier olefins C5 +, preferably C10-C20.
• the production of olefins in the first stage is carried out in the presence of a gaseous flow consisting essentially of saturated hydrocarbons which are separated from the effluents of the second stage and recycled to the first stage.
• the production of olefins is carried out in the second stage in the presence of a stream of water vapor which is separated from the effluents of the first stage and returned to the first stage.
• the method described is therefore a process for obtaining heavier olefins, but is not a process for producing distillates.
• the Applicant has discovered an original process in two stages, making it possible to transform organic compounds heteroatomic compounds, in particular oxygenated compounds, in distillate, comprising a first step of conversion of the heteroatomic organic compounds to olefins and a second oligomerization step of olefins, containing at least a portion of the olefins thus formed, in the presence of oxygenated compounds.
• the Applicant has discovered that the presence of oxygenated compounds during the oligomerization makes it possible to improve the distillate yield, by making it possible to obtain a higher degree of oligomerization with respect to the oligomerization of the same filler in the same reaction conditions.
• the process according to the invention which is a multistage and continuous process, makes it possible to improve the conversion of the heteroatomic compounds into distillate.
• a first subject of the invention is therefore a process for producing distillate from a feedstock of heteroatomic organic compounds, in which the treatment of the feedstock comprises at least one step of conversion of the heteroatomic organic compounds to olefins carried out in a first step. conversion zone, and, in at least one second oligomerization zone, an oligomerization step of olefins originating at least in part from the conversion zone, in the presence of at least 0.5% by weight of oxygenated compounds , in order to produce a distillate.
• the process according to the invention by associating a conversion zone with olefins and an oligomerization zone, thus makes it possible to obtain an optimized charge for oligomerization, rich in C2-C8, improving the distillate yield as well as the yield. carbon efficiency, which is important for GTL (gas to liquid) "Biomass to Liquid” in English, liquid biomass).
• water precursors oxygenated compounds
• the presence of water precursors (oxygenated compounds) during the oligomerization of olefins makes it possible to reduce the quantities of products cracked in the oligomerization zone. It also makes it possible to reduce the deactivation rate of the catalysts used in the oligomerization zone and to limit the competing reactions with the heavy olefins.
• water is formed "in situ" by dehydration of the oxygenated compounds.
• the feedstock of the process according to the invention comprises heteroatomic organic compounds which are organic compounds comprising at least one heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur, halogen, alone or in combination.
• the oxygenated organic compounds contain at least one oxygen atom, such as aliphatic alcohols, ethers, carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, carbonates, esters and the like), in particular C 1 -C 20 and preferably C 1 -C 20. -C8, or mixtures thereof.
• oxygen atom such as aliphatic alcohols, ethers, carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, carbonates, esters and the like), in particular C 1 -C 20 and preferably C 1 -C 20. -C8, or mixtures thereof.
• oxygen compounds which can be used, but are not limited to, are methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol and its isomers, C 4 -C 20 alcohols, methyl ethyl ether, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, di-isopropyl ether, formaldehyde, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl ketone, acetic acid, preferably methanol, dimethyl ether (DME) and mixtures thereof, in particular with heavier alcohols.
• DME dimethyl ether
• the oxygenated compound (s) is (are) for example obtained by conversion of biomass. This makes it possible to incorporate compounds of organic origin in the products of the oligomerization.
• Oxygen molecules can be synthesized from biomass using synthesis gas, pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen, hydropyrolysis, transesterification or anaerobic or aerobic fermentation. Oxygen molecules can be isolated or used as a mixture. The oxygenated molecules used may be pretreated to reduce their content of metal ions and nitrogen compounds.
• sulfur compounds are methanethiol, methyl sulfide, ethyl mercaptan (or thioethyl alcohol), ethylsulfide, n-alkyl sulfides containing a n-C 1 -C 10 -alkyl group. , and their mixtures.
• halogenated compounds are ethyl monochloride, methyl monochloride, methyl dichloride, n-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-containing n-alkyl halides, and mixtures thereof.
• the charge can be diluted with one or more inert diluents such as argon, helium, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water, paraffins, alkanes (in particular, methane, ethane and propane), or aromatic compounds, preferably water and nitrogen.
• Water can be injected in liquid or gaseous form.
• the diluent (s) may represent from 1 to 95 mol% relative to the number of moles of the filler and diluents.
• the oligomerization treatment of a feed consisting solely of ethylene leads to highly branched hydrocarbons distilling from 165 to 350 ° C.
• the process according to the invention makes it possible to solve this problem by converting light olefins, in particular C 2 -C 3 olefins, into heavier olefins (C4 +) in the conversion zone, as described below.
• the effluents leaving the conversion zone are fed into at least one separation zone in which at least C2-C3 olefins are separated.
• the separated C2-C3 olefins are recycled at least partially with the charge of the conversion zone in order to increase the C4 + yield.
• These C2-C3 olefins namely ethylene or ethylene and propylene, can thus be converted into heavier olefins (C4 +). Since only heavy olefins, especially C4 +, can reduce the branching, this increases the yield of distillate in one pass.
• the separated C3 olefins can be recycled at least partially with the charge of the oligomerization zone.
• the propylene may be recycled to the oligomerization zone and the conversion zone, while the ethylene will preferably be recycled only in the conversion zone.
• the separated C2-C3 olefins can be recovered as the final product for other applications, such as polymerizations, alkylations, etc.
• the reaction conditions of the conversion step will be chosen so as to disadvantage the hydrogen transfer reactions leading to the formation of paraffins, aromatics and coke precursors.
• the feedstock, diluted or not is contacted with a suitable catalyst, under conditions chosen so as to convert the heteroatomic organic compounds of the feedstock into predominantly light olefins, ie rich in C2-C4 olefins but include C2-C9 olefins.
• the filler will preferably be in the vapor phase, but may also be in liquid form or in the form of a liquid-vapor mixture.
• the temperature of the conversion zone is 200 to 700 ° C.
• a temperature range of 300 to 600 ° C is preferably selected.
• the applied pressure can also be chosen over a wide range.
• the pressure of the conversion zone is
• This conversion step can for example be implemented in many types of driven bed reactor, or in fixed bed or mobile bed reactors, preferably fluidized bed reactors.
• the reaction is preferably carried out at hourly space velocity (WHSV, Weight Hourly Space Velocity) of the high load, for example, 0, 1 hr -1 to 1000 hr 1.
• WHSV Hourly Space Velocity
• the conversion zone may comprise one or more reaction zones, arranged in series or in parallel.
• the catalyst can be regenerated after a certain period of use. This regeneration can be conducted in the reactor itself or in a separate reactor by injecting an oxygen-containing stream at a sufficiently high temperature to burn the coke deposited on the catalyst.
• part of the catalyst may be withdrawn continuously or intermittently from the conversion reactor and sent to another reactor for regeneration. After regeneration, the withdrawn catalyst is returned continuously or intermittently to the conversion reactor.
• the reactor In the case of fixed bed reactors, the reactor is isolated from the plant, and regeneration of the catalyst takes place in the reactor. In general, there is then another reactor that takes over for conversion to olefins. The reactor containing the regenerated catalyst is then held on hold until a regeneration of the catalyst of the second reactor is required.
• the catalyst used will advantageously be a molecular sieve of reduced selectivity to form aromatic compounds, and having a good selectivity to form C4 + olefins.
• molecular sieve is defined as a solid and porous material that has the property of acting as a sieve at the molecular level.
• Zeolites are an example of a molecular sieve.
• usable molecular sieves may comprise acidic catalysts of either amorphous or crystalline aluminosilicate or silicoaluminophosphate type.
• Usable molecular sieves are as follows:
• Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves SAPO-5, SAPO-8, SAPO-1 1, SAPO-16, SAPO-1 7, SAPO-18, SAPO-20, SAPO-31, SAPO-34,
• SAPO-34, SAPO-35, SAPO-44 and SAPO-47 are preferred sieves.
• Alumosilicate molecular sieves MFI (ZSM-5, silicalite-1, boralite C, TS-1), MEL (ZSM-11, silicalite-2, boralite D, TS-2, SSZ-46), ASA (amorphous silica alumina) , MSA (mesoporous silica alumina), FER (Ferrierite, FU-9, ZSM-35), MTT (ZSM-23), MWW (MCM-22, PSH-3, ITQ-1, MCM-49), TON (ZSM -22, Theta-1, NU-10), EUO (ZSM-50, EU-1), ZSM-48, MFS (ZSM-57),
• MTW MTW
• MAZ MAZ
• FAU FAU
• LTL BETA MOR
• a family of microporous materials consisting of silicon, aluminum, oxygen and optionally boron.
• the zeolite may undergo various treatments before use, for example one or more of the following treatments: ion exchange, metal modification, phosphorus, steam treatment, acid treatment or other dealumination process, passivation of surface by silica deposition.
• the content of alkaline, alkaline earth or rare earth elements is 0.05-10 by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5 by weight.
• the metals will preferably be selected from: Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, La, Ce or mixtures thereof.
• the oligomerization zone is fed with olefins consisting at least partly of all or part of the effluent from the conversion zone, the oligomerization step being carried out in the presence of oxygenated compounds.
• C4 + olefins are C4-C8 olefins.
• butenes represent from 50 to 80% by weight.
• the hydrocarbon feedstock used in charge of the oligomerization zone may also contain, in addition to a portion of the effluent from the conversion zone, a mixture of hydrocarbon effluents containing C2-C10 olefins resulting from refinery processes. or petrochemical (FCC, steam cracker etc). It can be a mixture of cuts comprising, C3 FCC, FCC C4, LCCS, LLCCS, Pygas, LCN, etc. mixed so that the content of linear olefins in the C5- (C2-C5 hydrocarbons) fraction by relative to the total charge C2-C10 is at most 40% by weight.
• FCC petrochemical
• the total olefin content in the C5- (C2-C5) fraction relative to the C2-C10 total charge provided for the oligomerization may be greater than or equal to 40% by weight if the iso-olefins are present in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight.
• the total content of linear olefins may be greater than or equal to 40% by weight relative to the total charge C2-C10 if linear olefins C6 + (C6, C7, C8, C9, C10) are present in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight.
• This feed may in particular contain olefins, paraffins and aromatic compounds in all proportions in accordance with the rules described above.
• the content of oxygenated compounds will be less than 70% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 50% by weight, preferably from 1 to 30% by weight relative to the total charge treated in the oligomerization zone.
• the oxygenated organic compounds contain at least one oxygen atom, such as alcohols, ethers, carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, carbonates, esters and the like), in particular C 1 -C 20, preferably C 1 -C 20. C8, or mixtures thereof.
• oxygen compounds which can be used, but are not limited to, are methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol and isomers thereof, C 4 -C 20 alcohols, methyl ethyl ether, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, di-isopropyl ether, formaldehyde, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl ketone, acetic acid, preferably methanol, dimethyl ether (DME) and mixtures thereof, in particular with heavier alcohols .
• DME dimethyl ether
• oxygenated compounds used during the oligomerization step are the same as those of the charge of the conversion step, in particular methanol, dimethyl ether (DME) and their mixtures, in particular with heavier alcohols.
• the effluent from the oligomerization zone is brought into a separation zone, in order to separate, for example, the fractions in aqueous fraction, C5-C9 (gasoline), C10-C12 (jet fuel jet or jet in English) and in Cl 2+ (diesel). Fractions C5-C9, C10-C12 and Cl2 + can be dried.
• C5-C9 gasoline
• C10-C12 jet fuel jet or jet in English
• Cl 2+ diesel
• the invention makes it possible in particular to obtain a jet fuel (C10-C12) from oxygenated organic compounds, in particular alcohols, of plant origin.
• the C10-C12 and Cl2 + fractions separated from the effluent from the oligomerization process can be hydrogenated to saturate the olefinic compounds and hydrogenate the aromatic compounds.
• the product obtained has a high cetane number, and excellent properties for use as jet, diesel or the like.
• the effluents leaving the zone of oligomerization are fed into at least one separation zone in which at least C2-C4 olefins are separated.
• C2-C4 olefins may in particular be recycled at least partially with the charge of the conversion zone in order to increase the yield of C4 + olefins, or returned to another separation zone.
• the C5-C9 olefins can also be separated and recycled with the conversion zone feed to increase the yield of olefins.
• the feedstock before its treatment in the oligomerization zone, undergoes selective hydrogenation and / or selective adsorption.
• the feedstock from the conversion zone can in particular be, after hydrogenation, directly treated in the oligomerization zone, without prior fractionation of the heavy aromatic cuts.
• the feed treated in the oligomerization stage is brought into contact with a catalyst in the presence of a reducing compound, for example 3 ⁇ 4.
• a catalyst will then be a bifunctional or acidic metal zeolite.
• the oligomerization reaction will preferably be carried out at a hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 0.1 to 20 h 1 , preferably 0.5 to 10 h 1 , preferably 1 to 8 h 1 . These speeds make it possible to obtain a good conversion while limiting the undesirable parallel reactions.
• WHSV hourly space velocity
• a multi-reactor system can be used, including cooling between reactors to control the exothermicity of the reaction so that the temperature does not exceed a set temperature.
• the maximum acceptable temperature difference within each reactor will not exceed 100 ° C.
• the reactor may be an isothermal or adiabatic fixed bed reactor, or a series of this type of reactor, or one or more moving bed reactors.
• a typical moving bed reactor is of the continuous catalytic reforming type.
• the oligomerization reaction can be carried out continuously in a configuration comprising a series of parallel-bed fixed-bed reactors, wherein when one or more reactors are in operation, the other reactors undergo a catalyst regeneration operation.
• the temperature at the inlet of the oligomerization reactor (s) will advantageously be sufficient to allow a relatively high conversion, without being very high in order to avoid undesirable parallel reactions.
• the temperature at the inlet of the reactor will be, for example, from 150 to 400.degree. C., preferably from 200.degree.-350.degree. C., more preferably from 220 to 350.degree.
• the pressure through the oligomerization reactor (s) will advantageously be sufficient to allow a relatively high conversion, without being too low in order to avoid undesirable parallel reactions.
• the pressure through the reactor will for example be from 8 to 500 bar, preferably from 10 to 150 bara, more preferably from 14 to 49 bara (bar, absolute pressure).
• a first family of catalysts used can be an amorphous or crystalline aluminosilicate type acid catalyst, or a silicoaluminophosphate, in H + form, chosen from the following list and containing or not alkaline earth elements or rare earths:
• MFI ZSM-5, silicalite-1, boralite C, TS-1
• MEL ZSM-1 1, silicalite-2, boralite D, TS-2, SSZ-46
• ASA amorphous silica-alumina
• MSA Mesoporous silica-alumina
• FER Ferrierite, FU-9, ZSM-35
• MIT ZSM-23
• MWW MCM-22, PSH-3, ITQ-1, MCM-49
• TON ZSM- 22, Theta-1, NU-10
• EUO ZSM-50, EU-1
• ZSM-48 ZSM-48
• MFS ZSM-57
• MTW MAZ, SAPO-11, SAPO-5, FAU, LTL, BETA MOR, SAPO-40, SAPO-37, SAPO-41 and the family of microporous materials composed of silica, aluminum, oxygen and possibly boron.
• the zeolite may be subjected to various treatments before use, which may be: ion exchange, modification with metals, steaming, acid treatment or any other method of dealumination, surface passivation by silica deposition, or any combination of the above-mentioned treatments.
• the content of alkali or rare earth is 0.05 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight.
• the metals employed are Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, La, Ce used alone or in a mixture.
• a second family of usable catalysts includes phosphorus-modified zeolites optionally containing an alkali or a rare earth.
• the zeolite can be chosen from the following list:
• MFI ZSM-5, silicalite-1, boralite C, TS-1
• MEL ZSM-1 1, silicalite-2, boralite D, TS-2, SSZ-46
• ASA amorphous silica-alumina
• MSA Mesoporous silica-alumina
• FER Ferrierite, FU-9, ZSM-35
• MTT ZSM-23
• MWW MM-22, PSH-3, ITQ-1, MCM-49
• TON ZSM- 22, Theta-1, NU-10
• EUO ZSM-50, EU-1
• MFS ZSM-57
• ZSM-48 ZSM-48
• MTW MAZ
• FAU LTL
• BETA MOR BETA MOR
• the zeolite may be subjected to various treatments before use, which may be: ion exchange, modification with metals, steaming, acid treatments or any other method of dealumination, passivation surface by silica deposition, or any combination of the above-mentioned treatments.
• the content of alkali or rare earth is 0.05 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight.
• the metals employed are Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, La, Ce used alone or in a mixture.
• a third family of usable catalysts consists of catalysts comprising
• a support from the following list: MFI (ZSM-5, silicalite-1, boralite C, TS-1), MEL (ZSM-1 1, silicalite-2, boralite D, TS-2, SSZ-46), ASA (amorphous silica-alumina), MSA (silica-mesoporous alumina), FER (Ferrierite, FU-9, ZSM-35), MTT (ZSM-23),
• MWW MCM-22, PSH-3, ITQ-1, MCM-49), TON (ZSM-22, Theta-1, NU-10), EUO (ZSM-50, EU-1), MFS (ZSM-57) ), ZSM-48, MTW, MAZ, BETA, FAU, LTL, MOR, and microporous materials of the ZSM-48 family consisting of silicon, aluminum, oxygen and optionally boron.
• MFI or MEL Si / Al> 25
• a metal phase (Me) at a level of at least 0.1% by weight the metal being selected from the following elements: Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, Ga, Fe, Ti, Zr, Ge, Sn, and Cr used alone or in mixture.
• metal atoms can be inserted into the tetrahedral structure of the support via the tetrahedral unit [MeO2].
• this metal can be carried out either by adding this metal during the synthesis of the support or incorporated after synthesis by ion exchange or impregnation, the metals then being incorporated in the form of cations, and not integrated within the structure. support structure.
• the zeolite may be subjected to different treatments before use, which may be: ion exchange, modification with metals, steaming, acid treatments or any other methods of dealumination, surface passivation by silica deposition, or any combination of the above-mentioned treatments.
• the content of alkaline, alkaline earth or rare earth is 0.05 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight.
• the metals employed are Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, La, Ce used alone or in a mixture.
• the catalyst may be a mixture of the three families of catalysts described above.
• the active phases may also be combined with other constituents (binder, matrix) giving the final catalyst increased mechanical strength, or an improvement in activity.
• XTO represents the conversion zone of heteroatomic organic compounds into olefins
• OS represents an oligomerization zone
• FIG. 3 comprising two oligomerization zones, OS1 and OS2,
• SI and S2 represent separation zones
• SHP represents a zone of selective hydrogenation and / or selective adsorption
• Each oligomerization zone represents, for example, an oligomerization reactor.
• the various embodiments described below can be combined with each other, in particular their modes of recycling.
• the diagram shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to a process in which the methanol feed MeOH, optionally mixed with DME, is treated in the XTO conversion zone.
• the effluent leaving this zone XTO is conveyed into the separation zone SI.
• the C 2 olefins are separated and recycled to the XTO zone, the C 3 + olefins are separated, water is optionally removed.
• the C3 + olefins after selective hydrogenation (SHP), are then loaded into the oligomerization zone OS in a mixture with the MeOH optionally mixed with the DME. All of the MeOH and the DME can be added to the input of the OS area and / or within this area (discontinuous lines).
• the effluent leaving the zone OS is separated in the separation zone S2.
• the water is separated, as are the C5-C9 gasoline, the C10-C12 jet and the C12 + diesel.
• the C2-C4 light olefins are separated and recycled at least partly in charge of the XTO conversion zone. Some of the C5-C9 olefins can also be recycled to the SHP selective hydrogenation zone.
• the process shown schematically in Figure 2 differs from that of Figure 1 by the recycles performed.
• the C2-C4 light olefins from the separation zone S2 are recycled not in charge of the XTO zone but downstream of it, in charge of the separation zone S 1.
• SHP selective hydrogenation zone
• FIG. 3 differs from that of FIG. 2 in the presence of two oligomerization zones OS1 and OS2.
• the zone OS 1 corresponds to the zone OS of FIG.
• the C2 olefins are treated in the second oligomerization zone OS2, the effluent of which is mixed with the C3 + olefins, upstream of the SHP zone, in order to constitute the charge of the oligomerization zone OS1.
• the separation zone S 1 separates the water from the C2 + olefins, which are then treated in the oligomerization zone OS1 after passing through the SHP zone.
• the separating zones S1 and S2 may be one and the same zone.
• the catalyst obtained contains up to about 40% by weight of zeolite.
• the catalyst The dried extrudate was washed with an aqueous solution at room temperature, then dried at 110 ° C. for 16 hours and calcined at 700 ° C. for 2 hours.
• catalyst A The product thus obtained is called catalyst A.
• the feed of methanol and ethylene is fed to a downflow fixed bed reactor comprising the catalyst A in the form of grains (35-45 mesh).
• the analysis of the products obtained was performed online by gas chromatography, the chromatograph being equipped with a capillary column.
• Table 1 summarizes the reaction conditions, the loads tested and the products obtained after 3 hours of operation of the reactor.
• Examples 3 and 4 differ in the composition of the filler. These examples show that ethylene can be completely converted to heavier olefins (C3 +) in an XTO zone with no detectable loss in total olefin content. On the other hand, ethylene reacts relatively little in the oligomerization zone. Table 1
• the reactor used is a downflow fixed bed reactor comprising the catalyst A in the form of grains (35-45 mesh).
• the catalyst was heated under nitrogen flow (5 NI / h) to the reaction temperature.
• the analysis of the products obtained was performed online by gas chromatography, the chromatograph being equipped with a capillary column.
• Table 2 summarizes the reaction conditions, the loads tested and the products obtained after 5 hours of operation.
• catalyst B is activated at 550 ° C. for 6 hours under a stream of nitrogen.
• the oligomerization test feeds were prepared by mixing n-pentane, 1-hexene, with methanol.
• the analysis of the products obtained was performed online by gas chromatography, the chromatograph being equipped with a capillary column.
• the gaseous phase, the liquid organic phase and the aqueous phase were separated. No recycling is done.
• Table 3 summarizes the test results. Methanol was taken into account in olefins (-CH2-).

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