EP2487361A1 - Düsennadel für Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse und Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse - Google Patents

Düsennadel für Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse und Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2487361A1
EP2487361A1 EP11154313A EP11154313A EP2487361A1 EP 2487361 A1 EP2487361 A1 EP 2487361A1 EP 11154313 A EP11154313 A EP 11154313A EP 11154313 A EP11154313 A EP 11154313A EP 2487361 A1 EP2487361 A1 EP 2487361A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle needle
bore
cylindrical part
fuel injector
abutment surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11154313A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas von der Osten-Sack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Motoren GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Caterpillar Motoren GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Caterpillar Motoren GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Caterpillar Motoren GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP11154313A priority Critical patent/EP2487361A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2012/000557 priority patent/WO2012110209A1/en
Priority to CN201280012968.5A priority patent/CN103562540B/zh
Priority to KR1020137023995A priority patent/KR20140009343A/ko
Publication of EP2487361A1 publication Critical patent/EP2487361A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/06—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle or plug shaped extensions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/188—Spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1893—Details of valve member ends not covered by groups F02M61/1866 - F02M61/188
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for reducing wear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9007—Ceramic materials

Definitions

  • the present disclosure refers to a nozzle needle adapted to be used in a fuel injector and further refers to a fuel injector comprising an injector body formed with a bore for accommodating and movably guiding the nozzle needle.
  • EP 0 961 025 A1 discloses a fuel injector comprising an injector body formed with a bore for accommodating and movably guiding a nozzle needle.
  • the bore is formed with a valve seat at one end, which valve seat forms a transition from the bore to a sac chamber or blind hole volume having a smaller diameter than the bore.
  • the sac chamber is communicated to the outside via a nozzle outlet.
  • the valve seat is formed with a conical surface.
  • the terminal end of nozzle needle is half spherical and is configured to abut on the valve seat.
  • a portion of the valve body may be provided with a heat insulating layer made from a ceramic material.
  • EP 0 677 656 B1 discloses a fuel injector with a wear resistant nozzle needle assembly including a needle or plunger body formed from a wear resistant material and a tip formed from a wear resistant ceramic for being reciprocally seated on a seat surface of the fuel injector.
  • the ceramic tip is secured to the needle body by a press-fit.
  • the present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to improving or overcoming a problem of one or more aspects of prior fuel injectors, e.g., durability and/or ease of assembly.
  • a nozzle needle adapted to be used in a fuel injector may comprise a first cylindrical part formed with an end surface at or proximal to a terminal end.
  • the end surface is adapted for sealing abutment on a valve seat surface formed on an injector body, within which the nozzle needle is movable.
  • the nozzle needle is formed as a single or unitary member from a ceramic material, preferably entirely from the ceramic material.
  • a fuel injector may comprise an injector body formed with a bore for accommodating and moveably guiding the nozzle needle according to the first aspect of the present disclosure as mentioned above, wherein a cylindrical extension of the nozzle needle projects from the end surface, is coaxial with an axis of the first cylindrical part and has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the first cylindrical part.
  • the bore of the injector body is formed with a valve seat at one end, which valve seat forms a transition from the bore to a sac chamber that has a smaller diameter than the bore and is in fluid communication with the outside via at least one nozzle outlet.
  • the cylindrical extension of the nozzle needle protrudes into the sac chamber.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a fuel injector
  • Fig. 2 shows an elevational view of a nozzle needle accommodated in the fuel injector according to Fig. 1 and
  • Fig. 3 shows an enlarged partial view of the nozzle needle shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the fuel injector is designed so as to have a central axis A-A extending in the axial or longitudinal direction of the fuel injector and may comprise a housing member 12 and an injector body 14.
  • the injector body 14 may comprise an inner body member 16 and a cap member 18.
  • the inner body member 16 may be made from metal and may comprise a through bore 20, which is coaxial with the axis A-A.
  • the cap member 18 may cover almost the entire inner body member 16 and may be made from a heat insulating material, preferably from a ceramic material, more preferably entirely from a ceramic material.
  • the housing member 12 may be a hollow cylindrical part formed with a radially inwardly protruding flange 22 at its lower end.
  • the inner body member 16 may be a hollow cylindrical member having an outer diameter that increases stepwise from its lower end towards its upper end according to Fig. 1 .
  • a radially outwardly protruding flange 24 is formed at the upper end.
  • the inner surface of the cap member 18 may contact the outer surface of the inner body member 16 and the upper end as shown in Fig. 1 may have with an outwardly protruding flange 26.
  • an outer circumferential surface of flange 24 may be formed with an external thread, which may be screwed into an internal thread formed on the inner surface of the housing member 12 in order to clamp the flange 26 of the cap member 18 between the flange 24 of the inner body member 16 and the flange 22 of the housing member 12.
  • a lower end portion of the bore 20 may be formed with a tapering or conical seat surface 28, which seat surface 28 constitutes a transition from the bore 20 to a sac chamber or blindhole 30, which constitutes an extension of the bore 20 having a smaller diameter than the bore 20.
  • the sac chamber 30 may be formed, in part, by the metallic body member 14 and, in part, by a cylindrical recess defined in an inner surface of a lower end wall of cap member 18.
  • the sac chamber 30 may communicate with the outside via at least one nozzle outlet 32 that penetrates through cap member 18.
  • a nozzle needle 34 may be accommodated and movably guided within the bore 20.
  • the nozzle needle 34 may comprise a first cylindrical part 36, having an abutment surface 38 formed on one end.
  • the abutment surface 38 forms a transition from the first cylindrical part 36 of the nozzle needle 34 to a cylindrical extension 40 having a smaller diameter than the first cylindrical part 36.
  • the nozzle needle 34 is formed as a generally cylindrical part with axis A-A and may comprise a second cylindrical part 41 having a greater diameter than the first cylindrical part 36; the second cylindrical part 41 may be formed with a plurality of circumferential grooves 42.
  • the nozzle needle 34 may be formed as a single or unitary member (entirely) from a ceramic material and may be inserted into the bore 20.
  • the inner diameter of the bore 20 is designed such that the second cylindrical part 40 is accommodated in the bore without any significant clearance between the inner wall of bore 20 and, the outer circumferential surfaces of the ribs formed between the respective grooves 42.
  • a clearance, forming a fluid chamber 44 may be defined between the first cylindrical part 36 and the inner wall of bore 20.
  • Fuel may be supplied to the fuel chamber 44 under pressure via a bore (not shown) that punctures through the upper part of the inner body member 16 generally in the axial direction and leads into a supply chamber 46 formed by a section of the bore 20 having an enlarged diameter.
  • Fig. 3 shows a portion of the lower part of nozzle needle 34, in which the abutment surface 38 forms a transition between the first cylindrical 36 and the extension 40 and may have a convex or preferably spherical shape.
  • the ring-like or annular abutment surface 38 is pressed against the seat surface 28 of inner body member 16 by a spring (not shown), which urges the nozzle needle 34 in the downward direction according to Fig. 1 . Due to the convex or preferably spherical shape of the abutment surface 38 and the conical shape of the seat surface 28, a fluid-tight sealing contact is ensured between seat surface 28 and the abutment surface 38 as to reliably and completely block the flow of fuel between the fluid chamber 44 and the sac chamber 30.
  • the nozzle needle 34 when the fluid chamber 44 is supplied with fuel under pressure, the nozzle needle 34 will be pressed upwardly against the force of a spring (not shown) so that the abutment surface 38 will no longer contact the seat surface 28. As a result, fuel is injected or exhausted through the nozzle outlet(s) 32. As soon as the pressure in the fluid chamber 44 decreases or the nozzle needle 34 is urged downwardly by an additional force, the nozzle needle 34 moves downwardly, so that the ring surface 38 abuts against seat surface 28 to close the injector, i.e. stop the fuel flow.
  • the extension 40 and the sac chamber 30 are dimensioned such that the extension 40 nearly completely fills the volume of the sac chamber 30 when the ring surface 38 contacts the seat surface 28 so that substantial no additional fuel is injected into a combustion chamber within a cylinder of the combustion engine as soon as the injector closes.
  • the volume of the sac chamber 30 not filled by the extension 41 when the ring surface 38 contacts the seat surface 28 may be, e.g., less than 55%, and more preferably less than 22% of the volume of the sac chamber 30.
  • the nozzle needle 34 With the fuel injector as described before, there is little or no risk that the nozzle needle 34 will stick or seize within bore 20 due to polymerization of pyrolysis oil used as a fuel. Further, because the nozzle needle is made from a ceramic material, there is no increased wear when no fuel is acting as a lubricant e.g. low sulfur fuels, notwithstanding the small tolerances between the nozzle needle and the injector body. Further, there is no risk of corrosion of the needle surface due to chemically aggressive fuels having, e.g., pyrolysis oil. Further, the nozzle needle may be easily manufactured because it is a unitary member made from a ceramic material, preferably entirely from a ceramic material.
  • the ceramic material of the nozzle needle may be one of zirconium dioxide or aluminum dioxide preferably including the additives CaO; MgO or Y 2 O 3 to improve the material stability and improve the technical characteristics of the zirconium dioxide or aluminum dioxide base material.
  • the abutment surface 38 has a convex or preferably a spherical shape, the sealing abutment between the end surface 38 and the seat surface 28 is ensured over a long lifetime of the fuel injector.
  • the nozzle needle 34 preferably comprises the second cylindrical part 41, which has a diameter greater than the diameter of the first cylindrical part 36 and which is formed with a plurality of circumferential grooves 41. Therefore, the nozzle needle 34 may be precisely guided within bore 20 with almost no clearance between the second cylindrical part 41 and the inner wall of bore 20, thereby minimizing or even preventing fuel leaks while providing only low friction between the nozzle needle and the body member.
  • the amount of injected fuel will be precisely controlled and any drippings of fuel from the nozzle outlet(s) can be avoided.
  • the injector body preferably comprises a metallic inner body member, formed with the bore, and a ceramic cap member covering at least a tip portion of the metallic inner body member including the valve seat and a portion of the sac chamber. Another portion of the sac chamber and the at least one nozzle outlet may be formed in the ceramic cap member. Any fuel within the injector body is prevented from being overheated by this ceramic cap member.
  • the cylindrical extension 40 may have e.g. a length in the range of 2 to 9 mm.
  • the fuel injector including the nozzle needle as described above may be modified in various ways without extending beyond the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the ceramic cap member 18 of Fig. 1 may cover only a tip part of the inner body member 16 or may be completely omitted.
  • the sac chamber 30 and the at least one nozzle outlet 32 may be formed entirely by the metallic inner body member 16, which solely constitutes the injector body 14 in case the cap member 18 is omitted.
  • the nozzle needle 34 may be formed without the extension 40, in which case the entire end face of the nozzle needle 34 may be formed as a convex or spherical abutment surface.
  • the nozzle needle 34 may be formed without the plurality of grooves 42.
  • a plurality of nozzle outlets 32 may be provided and arranged symmetrically around the axis A-A with e.g. a further optional nozzle outlet 32 that is coaxial with axis A-A.
  • a cam mechanism For closing (moving downward) the nozzle needle 34, one or more of the following may be provided: a cam mechanism, an electromagnetic mechanism, a piezoelectric mechanism or any other, e.g. hydraulic mechanism that closes the injector even if the fuel pressure in the fluid chamber 44 remains constant, or is not sufficient to force the annular surface 38 to seat on the valve seat surface 28.
EP11154313A 2011-02-14 2011-02-14 Düsennadel für Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse und Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse Withdrawn EP2487361A1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11154313A EP2487361A1 (de) 2011-02-14 2011-02-14 Düsennadel für Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse und Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse
PCT/EP2012/000557 WO2012110209A1 (en) 2011-02-14 2012-02-07 Nozzle needle for a fuel injector, method to manufacture the nozzle needle and fuel injector
CN201280012968.5A CN103562540B (zh) 2011-02-14 2012-02-07 用于燃料喷射器的喷嘴针阀、制造该喷嘴针阀的方法和燃料喷射器
KR1020137023995A KR20140009343A (ko) 2011-02-14 2012-02-07 연료 분사기용 노즐 니들, 노즐 니들 제조 방법, 및 연료 분사기

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11154313A EP2487361A1 (de) 2011-02-14 2011-02-14 Düsennadel für Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse und Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2487361A1 true EP2487361A1 (de) 2012-08-15

Family

ID=43928992

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11154313A Withdrawn EP2487361A1 (de) 2011-02-14 2011-02-14 Düsennadel für Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse und Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2487361A1 (de)
KR (1) KR20140009343A (de)
CN (1) CN103562540B (de)
WO (1) WO2012110209A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013012401A1 (de) * 2013-07-26 2015-01-29 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58143161A (ja) * 1982-02-17 1983-08-25 Isuzu Motors Ltd 燃料噴射弁
JPH03194164A (ja) * 1989-12-20 1991-08-23 Isuzu Ceramics Kenkyusho:Kk 燃料噴射ノズル
JPH0650241A (ja) * 1992-02-26 1994-02-22 Isuzu Motors Ltd 燃料噴射ノズル
US5607106A (en) * 1994-08-10 1997-03-04 Cummins Engine Company Low inertia, wear-resistant valve for engine fuel injection systems
EP0961025A1 (de) 1998-05-29 1999-12-01 Wärtsilä NSD Schweiz AG Brennstoffeinspritzdüse
EP0677656B1 (de) 1994-03-14 1999-12-22 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Offendüsenkraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung mit einem verschleissfesten Einspritzkolbenzusammenbau
WO2001014736A1 (en) * 1999-08-25 2001-03-01 Caterpillar Inc. Ceramic check for a fuel injector
EP1156209A2 (de) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Steuerelemente für Hochdruckhydraulikanlagen

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3710467C2 (de) * 1986-05-31 1994-05-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffeinspritzventil
EP0310607B1 (de) * 1986-05-31 1991-04-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffeinspritzventil
JP2001165016A (ja) * 1999-12-13 2001-06-19 Shigeya Nishida 直噴エンジンの燃料噴射装置
ES2318153T3 (es) * 2002-10-07 2009-05-01 Man Diesel, Filial Af Man Diesel Se, Tyskland Metodo para fabricacion una boquilla para valvula de combustible en un motor diesel, y boquilla.

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58143161A (ja) * 1982-02-17 1983-08-25 Isuzu Motors Ltd 燃料噴射弁
JPH03194164A (ja) * 1989-12-20 1991-08-23 Isuzu Ceramics Kenkyusho:Kk 燃料噴射ノズル
JPH0650241A (ja) * 1992-02-26 1994-02-22 Isuzu Motors Ltd 燃料噴射ノズル
EP0677656B1 (de) 1994-03-14 1999-12-22 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Offendüsenkraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung mit einem verschleissfesten Einspritzkolbenzusammenbau
US5607106A (en) * 1994-08-10 1997-03-04 Cummins Engine Company Low inertia, wear-resistant valve for engine fuel injection systems
EP0961025A1 (de) 1998-05-29 1999-12-01 Wärtsilä NSD Schweiz AG Brennstoffeinspritzdüse
WO2001014736A1 (en) * 1999-08-25 2001-03-01 Caterpillar Inc. Ceramic check for a fuel injector
EP1156209A2 (de) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Steuerelemente für Hochdruckhydraulikanlagen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20140009343A (ko) 2014-01-22
CN103562540A (zh) 2014-02-05
CN103562540B (zh) 2016-04-13
WO2012110209A1 (en) 2012-08-23

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