CN111226033A - 用于配量液态和气态燃料的喷射器 - Google Patents

用于配量液态和气态燃料的喷射器 Download PDF

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CN111226033A
CN111226033A CN201880067756.4A CN201880067756A CN111226033A CN 111226033 A CN111226033 A CN 111226033A CN 201880067756 A CN201880067756 A CN 201880067756A CN 111226033 A CN111226033 A CN 111226033A
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shoulder
nozzle needle
outer nozzle
injector
guide
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J·韦斯内尔
M·卡茨
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248Injectors
    • F02M21/0257Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0263Inwardly opening single or multi nozzle valves, e.g. needle valves
    • F02M21/0266Hollow stem valves; Piston valves; Stems having a spherical tip
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686Injectors
    • F02D19/0694Injectors operating with a plurality of fuels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/10Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
    • F02D19/105Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous operating in a special mode, e.g. in a liquid fuel only mode for starting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04Injectors peculiar thereto
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/004Joints; Sealings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/008Arrangement of fuel passages inside of injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F02M61/12Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
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    • F02D19/0639Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于配量液态和气态燃料的喷射器(1),所述喷射器具有喷射器体(2),在所述喷射器体中构造有能够充注以气态燃料的压力室(3),在所述压力室中能纵向移动地布置有环形的外喷嘴针(5),所述外喷嘴针通过其纵向运动打开和关闭喷射横截面(9),气态燃料能够通过所述喷射横截面从所述压力室(3)流出。在所述外喷嘴针(5)上构造有导向区段(13),所述外喷嘴针(5)借助所述导向区段在所述喷射器体(2)的导向孔(14)中被导向,使得在所述导向区段(13)和所述导向孔(14)之间形成节流间隙(15)。所述外喷嘴针(5)的导向区段(13)阶梯状地构造,使得在所述导向区段(13)中形成凸肩(16),所述凸肩与构造在所述喷射器体(2)中的肩部(17)对置,其中,在所述凸肩(16)和所述肩部(17)之间布置有弹性密封元件(18),当所述外喷嘴针(5)处于其关闭位态中时,所述弹性密封元件夹紧在所述凸肩(16)和所述肩部(17)之间,用于密封所述节流间隙(15)。

Description

用于配量液态和气态燃料的喷射器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种喷射器,如该喷射器用于配量液态和气态燃料,例如以便将这些燃料引入到内燃机的燃烧室中。
背景技术
由现有技术已知喷射器,借助这些喷射器不但可以将气态燃料而且可以将液态燃料配量到内燃机的燃烧室中。这样的、例如由DE 10 2014 225 167 Al已知的喷射器具有外喷嘴针,该外喷嘴针可纵向移动地布置在喷射器体中。喷嘴针在其燃烧室侧的端部上具有密封面,所述喷嘴针以该密封面与一个座面共同作用,用于打开和关闭喷射横截面,气态燃料可以通过该喷射横截面从喷射器内的压力室流出。在此,喷嘴针在喷射器体中的一个柱形导向区段中被导向,其中,在喷射器体中的导向孔和喷嘴针之间留出泄漏间隙。在外喷嘴针中构造有纵向孔,在该纵向孔中布置有内喷嘴针,该内喷嘴针打开和关闭构造在外喷嘴针内的喷射开口。借助内喷嘴针配量液态燃料,以该液态燃料充注外喷嘴针的纵向孔。
为了将液态燃料导入到外喷嘴针的纵向孔中,设置一个孔,该孔穿过导向孔和外喷嘴针直至伸到外喷嘴针的纵向孔中。在此,该流入孔刺穿在外喷嘴针和喷射器体中的导向孔之间存在的节流间隙,使得液态燃料可以扩散到该节流间隙中。因为节流间隙通入到以气态燃料充注的压力室中,所以以这种方式始终有液态燃料到达压力室中、随着气流一起被携带并且因此也被引入到燃烧室中,所述液态燃料在燃烧室中燃烧。在燃料喷射阀正常运行时,这不构成问题,因为仅非常少量的液态燃料到达以气体充注的压力室中并且可以借助气流毫无问题地被一起喷出。甚至希望可以有少量的液态燃料,以便一方面润滑外喷嘴针并且另一方面将一些液态燃料带到外喷嘴座上,在那里这些液态燃料也引起润滑并且减小磨损。
已知的燃料喷射器也可以被用于仅将液态燃料喷射到燃烧室中。为此,外喷嘴针保持在其关闭位态中,使得充注以气体的压力室保持关闭,而内喷嘴针运动并且由此配量液态燃料。该运行状态可以有针对性地开始或例如是需要的,当气态燃料不可供使用或者不以所需的压力可供使用时。在已知的燃料喷射器中,在以液态燃料较长时间持续的纯运行时,大量液态燃料经由节流间隙到达以气态燃料充注的压力室中,直至该压力室完全被液态燃料充注。如果在迟后的时间点再次开始气体吹入,则必须将该液态燃料从压力室压出,这可能导致不受控的燃烧并且损害喷射器的正常运行。
发明内容
与现有技术相比,根据本发明的喷射器具有以下优点:仅以液态燃料的运行在较长时间段上也可以是毫无问题的,而不损害用于喷射气态燃料的能力。为此,喷射器具有喷射器体,在该喷射器体中构造有充注以气态燃料的压力室,在该压力室中可纵向移动地布置有活塞形的外喷嘴针,该外喷嘴针通过其纵向运动打开和关闭喷射横截面,气态燃料可以通过该喷射横截面流出。在外喷嘴针上构造有导向区段,外喷嘴针借助该导向区段在喷射器体的导向孔中被导向,其中,在导向区段和导向孔之间形成节流间隙。外喷嘴针的导向区段阶梯状地构造,使得在导向区段中形成凸肩,该凸肩与构造在喷射器体中的肩部对置。在凸肩和肩部之间布置有弹性密封元件,当外喷嘴针处于其关闭位态中时,所述弹性密封元件被夹紧在凸肩和肩部之间,用于密封节流间隙。
在仅喷射液态燃料的运行中,外喷嘴针保持在其关闭位态中。然而,液态燃料还渗入到喷射器体中的导向孔和外喷嘴针之间的节流间隙中,使得该液态燃料将伴随着上面已经所说明的后果流入到压力室中。通过夹紧在凸肩和肩部之间的密封元件有效地密封节流间隙,使得在喷射器仅以液态燃料较长时间运行时也确保以气态燃料充注的压力室相对于液态燃料的密封。因此,在以液态燃料较长时间运行之后也可以毫无问题地转换到气体运行或者转换到气体和液体运行。
在第一有利构型中,在外喷嘴针中构造有纵向孔,液态燃料可以被引入到该纵向孔中。该液态燃料可以从那里被喷射并且例如用于在燃烧室中产生可点燃的混合物,该混合物用于点燃气态燃料。为了给纵向孔供给液态燃料,以有利的方式设置,节流间隙与用于液态燃料的流入孔连接。由此,外喷嘴针和导向孔之间的节流间隙在喷射器运行期间与液态燃料连接,这在该区域中产生润滑作用,该润滑作用对于喷射器的持续运行是不可缺少的并且负责低磨损的运行。
在另一有利构型中,导向孔具有两个具有不同直径的区段,通过这两个区段形成肩部。阶梯状的孔能够以少的费事被制造,使得能够成本低地进行制造。在此,肩部优选构造为环形盘状,并且外喷嘴针上的凸肩也一样,使得弹性密封元件能够良好地夹紧在这两个面之间。
在另一有利构型中,密封元件构造为密封环,该密封环在另一有利构型中被接收在构造在肩部中的环形槽中。这样的密封环作为标准构件在现有技术中是已知的并且能够成本低地制造。视环形槽的材料和深度而定,可以在肩部和凸肩之间的区域中达到所希望的表面压力。
附图说明
在附图中示出根据本发明的喷射器的实施例。附图示出了:
图1具有主要部件的根据本发明的喷射器的纵截面,和
图2a和
图2b喷射器的两种位态,其中,放大地示出图1的用II标记的局部。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出根据本发明的喷射器的纵截面。喷射器1具有喷射器体2,在该喷射器体中构造有能够以气态燃料充注的压力室3。在压力室3中可纵向移动地布置有外喷嘴针5,该外喷嘴针构造为活塞形并且在该外喷嘴针的在附图中下方的、面向燃烧室的端部上具有锥形密封面6,外喷嘴针5以该密封面与喷嘴座7共同作用,用于打开和关闭喷射横截面。在这里,喷射横截面以多个喷射开口9的形式构造,这些喷射开口在喷射器2中倾斜地向外示出。压力室3能够经由构造在喷射器体2中的气体流入孔10被充注以处于喷射压力下的气态燃料,其中,气态燃料通过在外喷嘴针5和压力室3的壁之间留出的环形室流到喷嘴座7并且在密封面6和喷嘴座7之间穿过流到喷射开口9中。
外喷嘴针5在其背离喷嘴座7的端部区域中形成导向区段13,外喷嘴针5以该导向区段在导向孔14中被导向。在导向区段13与导向孔14之间形成节流间隙15,该节流间隙保证外喷嘴针5在导向孔14中的可运动性。外喷嘴针5借助其背离喷嘴座7的端部限界外控制室32,在该外控制室中布置有处于压力预紧下的外关闭弹簧33,使得通过外关闭弹簧33将力朝喷嘴座7的方向施加到外喷嘴针5上。
在外喷嘴针5的内部构造有纵向孔19,在该纵向孔中可纵向移动地接收有活塞形的内喷嘴针20。内喷嘴针20在其端部上形成内密封面21,该内喷嘴针借助内密封面与内喷嘴座22共同作用,用于打开和关闭多个喷射开口24,所述内喷嘴座构造在外喷嘴针5中的纵向孔19的端部上。纵向孔19和从而在内喷嘴针20与孔19的壁之间留出的环形室能够被充注以处于高压下的液态燃料,该液态燃料在释放喷射开口24时可以通过该喷射开口被喷出。内喷嘴针20与外喷嘴针5一起限界内控制室29,在该内控制室中接收有处于压力预紧下的内关闭弹簧30,该内关闭弹簧朝内喷嘴座22的方向施加关闭力到内喷嘴针20上。
为了供应液态燃料,在喷射器体2中构造有流入孔26,该流入孔在喷射器体2的上部区域中平行于外喷嘴针5延伸、最后弯折并且通入到外喷嘴针5的纵向孔19中。在此,流入孔26横穿在外喷嘴针5和导向孔14之间形成的节流间隙15,使得节流间隙15与流入孔26连接。第一流入节流部28用于充注内压力室30,该第一流入节流部从流入孔26分支出并且构造在喷射器体2和外喷嘴针5中。此外,内控制室29能够经由在附图中未示出的流出节流部与低压室连接,使得在内控制室29内的燃料压力可以通过打开和关闭流出节流部改变并且可以改变作用到内喷嘴针20上的液压关闭力。
此外,为了充注外控制室32,在喷射器体2中构造有第二流入节流部35,使得流入孔26中的高燃料压力也存在于外控制室32中。此外,外控制室32能够经由流出节流部36与低压室连接,使得也可以调整外控制室32中的燃料压力并且从而调整作用到外喷嘴针5上的液压关闭力。
导向孔14实施为阶梯孔并且具有第一区段114和第二区段214,所述第一区段具有较大直径,所述第二区段具有较小直径。通过这两个区段114、214,在喷射器体2上的导向孔14中形成肩部17,该肩部构造为环形盘状并且因此在横截面上看与外喷嘴针5的纵轴线27构成直角。相应地,外喷嘴针5的导向区段13也具有两个具有不同直径的区段,使得不但在外喷嘴针5和导向孔的第一区段114之间而且在第二导向区段214和外喷嘴针5之间形成节流间隙15。通过这两个具有不同直径的导向区段13,在外喷嘴针5上也形成凸肩16,该凸肩与肩部17对置,其中,在凸肩16和肩部17之间布置有弹性密封元件18。
为此,图2a示出图1的用II标明的局部的放大视图。弹性密封元件18部分地被接收在构造在肩部17中的环形槽23中。如果外喷嘴针5处于其关闭位态中,即贴靠在喷嘴座7上,则弹性密封元件18被夹紧在凸肩16和肩部17之间并且由此密封节流间隙15。液态燃料经由与节流间隙15连接的流入孔26持续地被引入到节流间隙15中并且在没有弹性密封元件18的情况下将进一步流到压力室3中。只要外喷嘴针5处于其关闭位态中,则通过弹性密封元件18防止该流动。
通过液态燃料润湿节流间隙15是绝对希望的,因为液态燃料、优选柴油燃料在节流间隙15中发挥润滑作用并且负责外喷嘴针5的低磨损的运动。如果喷嘴针5以其凸肩16在其打开位态中从肩部17和弹性密封元件18抬起,如图2b所示的那样,则液态燃料流到节流间隙15中并且进一步流到压力室3中。少量地以这种方式进入到压力室3中的液态燃料在气体喷射时被气态燃料携带并且通过喷射横截面9被引入到燃烧室中。少量的液态燃料也具有以下优点:喷嘴座7被轻微地润湿和润滑,使得密封面6和喷嘴座7之间的磨损也减小。如果外喷嘴针5移回到其关闭位态中,则密封元件18又被夹紧在凸肩16和肩部17之间并且封闭节流间隙15。
在仅以液态燃料运行时,在没有其它措施的情况下,液态燃料将持续地流到压力室3中,然而从那里不再被气态燃料携带。相应地,只要喷射器仅以液态燃料运行,液态燃料就将聚积在压力室3中。如果外喷嘴针保持关闭并且仅内喷嘴针运动,则在根据本发明的喷射器中,但节流间隙15保持被密封元件18密封,使得在较长时间运行时压力室3也保持无液态燃料。因此,在纯液体燃料运行结束之后可以毫无问题地又开始气态燃料的喷射,而不必事先清空压力室3。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于配量液态和气态燃料的喷射器(1),所述喷射器具有喷射器体(2),在所述喷射器体中构造有能够充注以气态燃料的压力室(3),在所述压力室中能纵向移动地布置有活塞形的外喷嘴针(5),所述外喷嘴针通过其纵向运动打开和关闭喷射横截面(9),气态燃料能够通过所述喷射横截面从所述压力室(3)流出,其中,在所述外喷嘴针(5)上构造有导向区段(13),所述外喷嘴针(5)借助所述导向区段在所述喷射器体(2)的导向孔(14)中被导向,使得在所述导向区段(13)和所述导向孔(14)之间形成节流间隙(15),
其特征在于,
所述外喷嘴针(5)的导向区段(13)阶梯状地构造,使得在所述导向区段(13)中形成凸肩(16),所述凸肩与构造在所述喷射器体(2)中的肩部(17)对置,其中,在所述凸肩(16)和所述肩部(17)之间布置有弹性密封元件(18),当所述外喷嘴针(5)处于其关闭位态中时,所述弹性密封元件夹紧在所述凸肩(16)和所述肩部(17)之间,用于密封所述节流间隙(15)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喷射器,其特征在于,在所述外喷嘴针(5)中构造有纵向孔(19),液态燃料能够经由流入孔(26)被引入到所述纵向孔中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的喷射器,其特征在于,所述节流间隙(15;115)与用于液态燃料的所述流入孔(26)连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的喷射器,其特征在于,所述导向孔(14)具有两个具有不同直径的区段(114;214),在所述区段之间形成所述肩部(17)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的喷射器,其特征在于,所述肩部(17)构造为环形盘状。
6.根据权利要求1所述的喷射器,其特征在于,所述凸肩(16)环形盘状地构造在所述外喷嘴针(5)上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的喷射器,其特征在于,所述弹性密封元件(18)构造为密封环。
8.根据权利要求7所述的喷射器,其特征在于,所述密封环(18)至少部分地被接收在构造在所述肩部(17)中的环形槽(23)中。
CN201880067756.4A 2017-10-17 2018-09-04 用于配量液态和气态燃料的喷射器 Pending CN111226033A (zh)

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