CN111164290B - 用于配量两种燃料的喷射阀 - Google Patents

用于配量两种燃料的喷射阀 Download PDF

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CN111164290B
CN111164290B CN201780095549.5A CN201780095549A CN111164290B CN 111164290 B CN111164290 B CN 111164290B CN 201780095549 A CN201780095549 A CN 201780095549A CN 111164290 B CN111164290 B CN 111164290B
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nozzle
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pressure chamber
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B·施图克
O·奥尔哈费尔
F·耶格
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686Injectors
    • F02D19/0694Injectors operating with a plurality of fuels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248Injectors
    • F02M21/0257Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0263Inwardly opening single or multi nozzle valves, e.g. needle valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248Injectors
    • F02M21/0257Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0263Inwardly opening single or multi nozzle valves, e.g. needle valves
    • F02M21/0266Hollow stem valves; Piston valves; Stems having a spherical tip
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04Injectors peculiar thereto
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/10Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/16Sealing of fuel injection apparatus not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/46Valves, e.g. injectors, with concentric valve bodies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于用于配量两种燃料的喷射阀,所述喷射阀具有喷嘴体(1),在所述喷嘴体中能纵向移动地布置有喷嘴空心针(4),所述喷嘴空心针与外部喷嘴座(6)共同作用,以打开和关闭用于第一燃料的喷射开口(7)。此外,喷嘴针(10)能纵向移动地布置在所述喷嘴空心针(4)中,所述喷嘴针具有构造在所述喷嘴空心针(4)中的内喷嘴座(11),以打开和关闭喷射开口(12)。在形成节流缝隙(9)的情况下,所述喷嘴空心针(4)在所述喷嘴体(1)中被引导,其中,在所述节流缝隙(9)和外喷嘴座(6)之间形成第一压力室(2),所述第一压力室包围喷嘴空心针(4)并且能够被充注以第一燃料。第二压力室(15)能够被充注以第二燃料,并且所述喷嘴空心针(4)以背离所述外喷嘴座(6)的端部区域伸到所述第二压力室中。在所述喷嘴空心针(4)上构造有环绕的密封体(40),所述密封体与密封座(44)共同作用并且由此朝所述节流缝隙(9)的方向密封所述第二压力室(15)。

Description

用于配量两种燃料的喷射阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于配量两种燃料的喷射阀,例如用于将这些燃料带入到内燃机的燃烧室中。
背景技术
由现有技术已知一种喷射阀和相应的装置,用于将两种不同的燃料例如带入到内燃机的燃烧室中。因此,已知喷射阀,该喷射阀可以一方面将气态燃料并且另一方面将液态燃料、例如柴油燃料带入到燃烧室中。以这种方式,可以通过液态燃料点燃燃料-空气混合物,而经由气态燃料供应主要能量,使得可以省去外源点火。这样的燃料喷射阀例如由DE10 2014 225167A1已知。该喷射阀具有壳体,外喷嘴针和内喷嘴针在该壳体中被引导,其中,内喷嘴针布置在外喷嘴针中。外喷嘴针与外喷嘴座共同作用,以打开和关闭一个或多个喷射开口,例如气态燃料可以经由所述喷射开口喷出。内喷嘴针与构造在外喷嘴针内部中的喷嘴座共同作用,以打开和关闭一个或多个喷射开口,液态燃料可以经由这些喷射开口喷射。两个喷嘴针能够彼此独立地、例如通过伺服液压阀沿纵向方向运动,使得不但外喷嘴座而且内喷嘴座都能够彼此独立地打开和关闭。借助这样的喷射阀能够实现,通过内喷嘴针的运动带入液态燃料的点火量,并且随后,通过外喷嘴针的运动带入大量的气态燃料,该气态燃料是燃烧能的主要部分。
两个喷嘴针都被引导,其中,由于该引导在气态和液态燃料之间必须进行密封。该密封不是绝对密封的,使得液态燃料可以与引导相关并且与这些燃料的对应压力相关地渗入到气态燃料中,并且必要时反之亦可。燃料的这样的混合在燃烧时会导致问题,因为经由设置为用于气态燃料的喷射开口被带出的液态燃料仅被差地雾化,并且由此导致在燃烧室内的差的燃烧。
发明内容
与现有技术相比,具有权利要求1特征的根据本发明的喷射阀具有以下优点:两种燃料在喷射阀内能够相对彼此可靠地被密封,而为此不需要大的结构变化。为了该目的,用于配量两种燃料的喷射阀具有喷嘴体,在所述喷嘴体中能纵向移动地布置有喷嘴空心针,该喷嘴空心针与外喷嘴座共同作用,以打开和关闭用于第一燃料的喷射开口。此外,存在一个喷嘴针,该喷嘴针可纵向移动地布置在喷嘴空心针中并且该喷嘴针与构造在喷嘴空心针中的内喷嘴座共同作用,以打开和关闭喷射开口,其中,在形成节流缝隙的情况下,喷嘴空心针在喷嘴体中被引导。包围喷嘴空心针的第一压力室能够被充注以第一燃料,而第二压力室能够被充注以第二燃料,其中,喷嘴针以背离外喷嘴座的端部区域伸到第二压力室中。在喷嘴空心针上布置有环绕的密封体,该密封体与密封座共同作用并且由此朝节流缝隙的方向密封第二压力室。
通过环绕的密封体密封强制地在第一压力室和第二压力室之间形成的节流缝隙,使得没有燃料能够通过该节流缝隙从第一压力室到达第二压力室中或从第二压力室到达第一压力室中。因此,两种燃料在喷射阀内保持分离,并且功能不被损害。
在第一有利构型中,密封体被第二压力室中的压力朝密封座的方向加载,由此实现附加的密封作用。因为在能够计量两种不同燃料的喷射阀中通常所述燃料中的一种燃料比另一种燃料在更高的压力下被提供,所以可以将具有更高压力的燃料保持在第二压力室中,使得将强的密封力施加到密封体上并且从而实现相应地可靠的密封。
在另一有利构型中,密封体构造为固定在喷嘴空心针上的密封唇,该密封唇弹动地构造。因此,密封唇相应地变得柔性,使得该密封唇例如由于第二压力室中的压力而全面地压抵着密封座。
密封体优选由金属制成,以便一方面实现必要的柔性并且另一方面相对于第二压力室中的压力实现足够的抗压性。在此,密封体与喷嘴空心针固定连接、优选焊接,以便在密封体和喷嘴空心针之间也实现可靠的密封。
在另一有利构型中,喷射开口构造在喷嘴空心针中,其中,当然也可以设置多个喷射开口。将喷射开口构造在喷嘴空心针中比在复杂的喷嘴体中能够更简单地实现,因为改善了工具的可接近性。
如果第一燃料是气态的,而第二燃料是液态的,则上面所描述的喷射阀是特别有利的。
附图说明
在附图中以纵截面示意性地示出根据本发明的喷射阀。
具体实施方式
在图1中以纵截面示意性地示出根据本发明的喷射阀。该喷射阀具有喷嘴体1,在该喷嘴体中构造有第一压力室2,在该第一压力室中可纵向移动地布置有喷嘴空心针4。喷嘴空心针4与外喷嘴座6共同作用,用于打开和关闭一个或多个喷射开口7,这些喷射开口也构造在喷嘴体1中并且在该实施例中,这些喷射开口倾斜地指向下。第一压力室2经由第一流入孔37与气体管路42连接,该气体管路本身通入到气体箱39中,使得第一压力室2可以被充注以呈可燃气体形式的第一燃料。喷嘴空心针4在喷嘴体1内的导向孔8中密封地被引导,其中,在导向孔8的壁和喷嘴空心针4之间保留有节流缝隙9,该节流缝隙尺寸设计得足够大,以便确保喷嘴空心针4的纵向可运动性。节流缝隙9通入到第二压力室15中,该第二压力室也构造在喷嘴体2中并且该第二压力室将喷嘴空心针4在其周边上包围。
在喷嘴空心针4内部构造有纵向孔5,在该纵向孔中可纵向移动地布置有喷嘴针10。喷嘴针10在纵向孔5内的导向区段13中被引导并且以该喷嘴针的面向喷射开口7的端部与内喷嘴座11共同作用,并且因此通过该喷嘴针的纵向运动打开和关闭一个或多个喷射开口12,这些喷射开口构造在喷嘴空心针4中。在喷嘴针10和喷嘴空心针4之间保留有中间空间14,该中间空间如下面进一步所描述的那样被充注以第二燃料。导向区段13这样地构型,使得在中间空间14内的第二燃料能够朝喷射开口12的方向流动,而在导向区段13的区域中不出现显著的节流。此外,喷嘴针10在喷嘴空心针4内的第二导向区段113中被引导,该第二导向区段位于喷嘴针10的背离喷射开口12的端部上。
为了喷嘴空心针4的纵向运动,该喷嘴空心针在其背离喷射开口7的端部上过渡到磁性衔铁18中。磁性衔铁18与电磁铁19对置,该电磁铁在通电时施加吸引力到磁性衔铁18上并且将该磁性衔铁从喷射开口7吸引开。由此,喷嘴空心针4从外喷嘴座6运动离开并且朝喷射开口7的方向释放由第一压力室2形成的通流横截面。位于喷射开口7下方的密封区段16这样地构型,使得在喷嘴空心针4和喷嘴体1之间的该部位处仅保留非常窄的缝隙,使得燃料仅从第一压力室2或实际上仅经由喷射开口7流出。
如在燃料喷射技术领域中长期已知的那样以伺服液压的方式进行对喷嘴针10的纵向运动的控制。为此,喷嘴针10以其背离喷射开口12的端部在阀体22中被引导,使得通过阀体22和喷嘴针10的背离喷射开口12的端部来限界控制室23,在控制室中能够调整变化的燃料压力。控制室23能够通过流入节流部24被充注以处于高压下的燃料,其中,该燃料在这里所示的喷射阀中是第二燃料,该第二燃料优选是液态的。该燃料由箱30并且经由高压泵31被提供,该高压泵压缩第二燃料并且经由高压管路27输送至流入节流部24,第二燃料通过该流入节流部到达控制室23中。控制室23中的燃料压力产生朝内喷嘴座11的方向作用到喷嘴针10上的关闭力,使得只要控制室23中的燃料压力足够大,则保持喷嘴针10贴靠在喷嘴座11上。如果要喷嘴针10运动,则将控制室23中的燃料压力减小,其方式是打开控制阀26,该控制阀经由流出节流部25将经由输出管路28到燃料箱的连接打开。由此,控制室23中的压力下降,并且喷嘴针10由于中间空间14中的燃料压力而在纵向方向上从内喷嘴座11运动离开。如果控制阀26又关闭,则在控制室23中重新建立高燃料压力并且将喷嘴针10压回到其关闭位态中。
在喷嘴体1内的高压孔34用于将第二燃料供应至中间空间14中,所述高压孔与高压管路27连接并且所述高压孔通入到第二压力室15中。此外,高压孔34的分支通入到环形室35中,该环形室将喷嘴空心针4在其周边上包围。横向孔36从环形室35进入到中间空间14中,使得中间空间14始终充满处于高压下的燃料,该燃料最后能够经由喷射开口12被喷射到内燃机的燃烧室中。
在没有其它措施的情况下,节流缝隙9将第一压力室2与第二压力室15连接。因为第二压力室15中的液态的第二燃料通常施加有比第一压力室2中的气态的第一燃料更高的压力,所以将出现第二燃料的从第一压力室15经由节流缝隙9到第一压力室2中的恒定的、虽然小的流动。为了防止这种情况,在第二压力室15中设置有密封元件40,该密封元件在这里构造为环绕的密封唇并且该密封元件将喷嘴空心针4在其周边上包围。为了在密封元件40和喷嘴空心针4之间进行密封,设置有材料密封的连接部、例如焊缝41。为此,密封体40优选由金属构成。密封体40在其外边缘处具有密封棱边43,该密封棱边贴靠在构造在第二压力室15内的锥形密封座44上。在此,密封唇40构型为柔性的并且这样地布置,使得该密封唇由于其安装位置而被弹性预紧并且由此以力压抵着密封座44。在第二压力室15中始终施加有高燃料压力的效应也用于更好的密封。该燃料压力作用到密封体40上并且从而将密封棱边43压抵着密封座44,这进一步改进密封,使得在第一压力室2和第二压力室15中有效地避免两种燃料的混合。
对喷嘴空心针4和喷嘴针10的控制可以与在这里所示的方式不同地进行。因此,喷嘴空心针4也能够以伺服液压的方式被操控,即通过控制室中的变化的压力使该喷嘴空心针在其纵向方向上运动。反之,例如也可以是,直接通过磁铁使内喷嘴针10运动。
在喷嘴针10和喷嘴空心针4之间,在第二导向部113的区域中形成另一节流缝隙。燃料也经由该第二导向部113从中间空间14流入到低压室17中,该低压室在附图中以虚线轮廓线表示。低压室17始终保持低压力,其方式是:该低压室经由低压管路与箱30连接,使得经由另一导向区段113流出的第二燃料被导回到箱30中。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于配量两种燃料的喷射阀,所述喷射阀具有:
-喷嘴体(1),在所述喷嘴体中能纵向移动地布置有喷嘴空心针(4),所述喷嘴空心针与外喷嘴座(6)共同作用,以打开和关闭用于第一燃料的喷射开口(7);
-喷嘴针(10),所述喷嘴针能纵向移动地布置在所述喷嘴空心针(4)中并且所述喷嘴针与构造在所述喷嘴空心针(4)中的内喷嘴座(11)共同作用,以打开和关闭喷射开口(12),其中,在形成节流缝隙(9)的情况下,所述喷嘴空心针(4)在所述喷嘴体(1)中被引导;
-第一压力室(2),该第一压力室包围所述喷嘴空心针(4),所述第一压力室能够被充注以第一燃料;
-第二压力室(15),所述第二压力室能够被充注以第二燃料并且所述喷嘴空心针(4)以背离所述外喷嘴座(6)的端部区域伸到所述第二压力室中,
其中,
在所述喷嘴空心针(4)上构造有环绕的密封体(40),所述密封体与密封座(44)共同作用并且由此朝所述节流缝隙(9)的方向密封所述第二压力室(15),其特征在于,所述密封体(40)被所述第二压力室(15)中的压力朝所述密封座(44)的方向加载。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喷射阀,其特征在于,所述密封体(40)构造为固定在所述喷嘴空心针(4)上的密封唇,所述密封唇弹动地构造。
3.根据权利要求2所述的喷射阀,其特征在于,所述密封唇(40)具有构造为密封棱边(43)的外边缘,所述密封唇(40)以所述密封棱边与所述密封座(44)密封地共同作用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的喷射阀,其特征在于,所述密封唇(40)以机械方式这样地被预紧,使得所述密封棱边(43)压抵着所述密封座(44)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的喷射阀,其特征在于,所述密封体(40)由金属制成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的喷射阀,其特征在于,所述密封体(40)与所述喷嘴空心针(4)固定连接、优选焊接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的喷射阀,其特征在于,所述喷射开口(12)构造在所述喷嘴空心针(4)中。
8.根据权利要求1所述的喷射阀,其特征在于,所述第一燃料是气态的,而所述第二燃料是液态的。
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