EP2487268B1 - Four - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2487268B1
EP2487268B1 EP20110154034 EP11154034A EP2487268B1 EP 2487268 B1 EP2487268 B1 EP 2487268B1 EP 20110154034 EP20110154034 EP 20110154034 EP 11154034 A EP11154034 A EP 11154034A EP 2487268 B1 EP2487268 B1 EP 2487268B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
gas
interior
nitrogen
coal granules
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20110154034
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2487268A1 (fr
Inventor
Rolf-Josef Schwartz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwartz GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP20110154034 priority Critical patent/EP2487268B1/fr
Priority to ES11154034.0T priority patent/ES2528001T3/es
Priority to PCT/EP2011/053096 priority patent/WO2012107110A1/fr
Publication of EP2487268A1 publication Critical patent/EP2487268A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2487268B1 publication Critical patent/EP2487268B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/02—Supplying steam, vapour, gases, or liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0056—Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace with an apparatus for and a method for generating a reducing atmosphere for annealing furnaces.
  • metal oxide forms in the presence of oxygen in free or chemically bound form, since the reactivity is increased by the oxygen.
  • furnaces for such applications with a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the furnaces are either with pure nitrogen with a dew point of about - 60 ° C or with a mixture of nitrogen and natural gas or with operated on the plant produced exo- or endogas.
  • Pure nitrogen has a dew point of approx. - 60 ° C.
  • a pure nitrogen process has no reserve against oxygen or trapped moisture entrained in the furnace with the product.
  • Exogas is like, for example, from the DE 103 47 312 B3 known, made from a hydrocarbon, for example from natural gas, and air.
  • This protective gas is produced in exogas generators.
  • the premixed natural gas / air gas stream is fed to a combustion chamber and reacted there. It is an exothermic reaction that generates excess thermal energy.
  • the very moist exogas produced in this way is cooled to room temperature and fed to a dryer. The dew point of the dried gas is then about -30 ° C.
  • EP-A-2088213 or the EP-A 2 087 955 discloses the production of a hydrogen-free atmosphere by reaction of N 2 and O 2 with graphite.
  • This "pure" endogas is diluted with nitrogen (added) and then fed to the furnace.
  • these shielding gas mixtures with 1 to 5% CO, due to the strong dilution with nitrogen, the dew point drops to values of -20 to -30 ° C, so that the use of an additional dryer, as in the Exogaser Wegung, is not necessary.
  • all the usual reducing protective gases are more or less hydrogen-containing, which also has a negative effect on the tendency to hydrogen embrittlement.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an oven in which a hydrogen-free reduction atmosphere can be provided as simply and inexpensively as possible.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for heating steel sheet parts to austenite temperature between 850 ° C and 950 ° C in a hydrogen-free reduction atmosphere.
  • the furnace according to the invention for heating steel sheet parts to austenite temperature between 850 ° C and 950 ° C has an interior and a furnace roof, and a device which is vertically installed in the furnace roof so that a part of the device in the opposite z direction in the Oven protrudes while the other part protrudes from the furnace, wherein the device on the part projecting from the furnace has a port through which a nitrogen-oxygen mixture can be supplied, and having a further port, can be fed through the coal granules and a gas-permeable bottom is located on the underside of the part of the device projecting into the furnace in the opposite z-direction.
  • the gas-permeable bottom of the device can collect the supplied coal granules, wherein it remains gas-permeable.
  • the device projects so far into the interior of the furnace that a temperature of at least 750 ° C. is established in the interior of the device at the level of the gas-permeable bottom when the temperature in the interior of the furnace is at least 850 ° C.
  • the temperature is inside when operating the furnace the device at the level of the gas-permeable bottom at or above the auto-ignition temperature of the carbon granules.
  • the device consists at least partially of silicon carbide, wherein advantageously the region of the silicon carbide device is the part of the device located in the interior of the furnace. It is thus protected from the risk of carburization.
  • coal granules are continuously fed into the apparatus, wherein the coal granulate stream is about 1.5 kg per hour.
  • a typical continuous annealing furnace with a steel throughput of about 5 to / h consumes about 20-100m 3 / h of shielding gas, which can be obtained from the stated 1.5 kg / h of carbon granules with a corresponding stream of nitrogen-oxygen mixture.
  • the shielding gas may consist of 2 to 5 vol .-% of carbon monoxide to obtain scale-free annealed sheet steel parts.
  • the device towards the interior of the furnace towards a conclusion which has a gas outlet hole.
  • this gas outlet hole is dimensioned so that the gas outlet velocity is between 20 m / s and 50 m / s.
  • the furnace is designed as a continuous furnace, wherein it has a conveying means, on which the steel sheet part to be heated can be conveyed through the furnace.
  • the inventive method for heating steel sheet to Austenittemperatur between 850 ° C and 950 ° C is characterized in that in the furnace in which the steel sheet parts are heated, a hydrogen-free reduction atmosphere is generated by continuously carbon granules in a partially in the Oven protruding, at least partially having a perforated plate device is conveyed, and a nitrogen-oxygen mixture is passed from above the coal granules located in the device, so that the coal granules burns under the influence of heat in the furnace interior to form carbon monoxide by the gas-permeable bottom flows into the interior of the furnace.
  • coal granules are conveyed into the device at a flow rate of approximately 1.5 kg per hour and the exit velocity of carbon monoxide from the device into the interior of the furnace is 20 m / s - 50 m / s is.
  • the metering of the components nitrogen, oxygen and coal granules can be carried out via weight measuring devices or volume throughput measuring devices.
  • Fig. 1 shows a continuous annealing furnace 10, which is heated by heating element 11.
  • the oven 10 has a roller conveyor 30 as a conveyor with which a steel sheet member 20 to be heated can be fed into the oven and through the oven.
  • the oven has a front oven door 12, which opens when approaching a steel sheet member 20 to be heated up in the z direction.
  • the sheet steel part 20 is conveyed on the roller belt 30 horizontally in the x direction through the oven 10 therethrough.
  • a rear oven door 13 opens.
  • a temperature of 850 ° C to 950 ° C prevails.
  • a device 1 projects through the furnace roof 2 partially in the opposite z-direction into the interior 5 of the furnace 10.
  • the device 1 has at its upper end in the z-direction, which protrudes from the oven 10, a port 7, through which a nitrogen-oxygen mixture can be passed into the device 1.
  • the device 1 at the same end to a terminal 8, can be passed through the coal granules 4 in the device 1.
  • the device 1 is located so far in the interior 5 of the furnace 10 that the temperature inside the device 1 at the opposite end in the z-direction is at least 750 ° C when the furnace is heated.
  • the coal granules 4 falls on a gas-permeable bottom 3 within the device 1, on which it burns because of the temperature prevailing in operation there, the above the auto-ignition temperature of the coal granules of 750 ° C immediately. This results in a carbon monoxide and nitrogen-containing combustion gas flowing through the gas-permeable bottom 3, which remains gas-permeable despite the application of carbon granules 4, in the lying below the gas-permeable bottom 3 space of the device 1, which is closed by a funnel-shaped end 9 Interior 5 of the furnace 1 is delimited.
  • This space formed by the funnel-shaped end 9 and the gas-permeable bottom 3 of the device 1 has at its end located in the opposite z-direction end a gas outlet hole 6 through which the carbon monoxide-containing combustion gas flows into the interior 5 of the furnace 10.
  • the gas outlet hole is dimensioned so that when the device 1 with a coal granulate stream of about 1.5 kg per hour and a corresponding introduced through the port 7 stream of nitrogen-oxygen mixture, the gas outlet velocity between 20 m / s and 50 m / s is. This results in the interior 5 of the furnace, a pulse through which the furnace atmosphere is circulated so that the carbon monoxide concentration in the entire interior space 5 of the furnace 10 is sufficient to prevent scaling on the one hand and hydrogen embrittlement of the sheet steel part 20 on the other.
  • the metering of the components nitrogen, oxygen and coal granules can take place via weight measuring devices or via volume throughput measuring devices.
  • a continuous furnace with approx. 5 to / h steel throughput typically consumes approx. 50-100 m 3 / h of inert gas.
  • 2-5% carbon monoxide is enough to work without scale.
  • the toxicity is comparable to other reducing inert gases, such as endogas with about 15% carbon monoxide or exogas with about 7% carbon monoxide.
  • the work with such shielding gases is regulated in the EN 746 and it has been practical experience in hundreds of furnaces for many years.
  • Fig. 2 shows the apparatus for providing a hydrogen-free reduction atmosphere in an enlarged view.
  • the coal granules 4 can pass through the connection 8 into the interior of the device 1.
  • a screw conveyor 30 can be used to promote the coal granules 4 horizontally.
  • the nitrogen-oxygen mixture is supplied to the device 1 through the vertical port 7 from above.
  • the coal granules fall under the influence of gravity from the horizontal port 8 in the device 1, wherein it is taken from the nitrogen-oxygen mixture.
  • a temperature gradient of about room temperature prevails at the terminals 7 and 8 up to at least 750 ° C immediately above the gas-permeable bottom 3, when the oven is in operation and the temperature in the interior of the furnace is at least 850 ° C.
  • the device does not have to be heated separately, but draws its required heat from the heated interior of the furnace. As soon as the carbon granulate 4 has fallen down into the area of the device 1 so far that the temperature has at least 750 ° C., the coal granules burn to form carbon monoxide, and the combustion gases flow through the gas-permeable bottom 3 and the gas outlet hole 6 into the interior 5 of the furnace 10. In order to prevent carburization of the device 1, it consists of silicon carbide.
  • the device 1 can also consist of other suitable materials.
  • a furnace 10 with a device 1 is described.
  • a furnace 10 may also comprise a plurality of devices 1, This particular, when the furnace 10 is larger and the throughput of steel sheet parts 20 is higher.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Four (10) pour porter des pièces de tôle d'acier à température d'austénitisation entre 850 °C et 950 °C, présentant une zone intérieure (5) et un plafond de four (2), caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif (1) est monté verticalement dans le plafond de four (2) de manière telle qu'une partie du dispositif (1) fait saillie dans le four (10) dans la direction z opposée, tandis que l'autre partie ressort du four (10) et que le dispositif (1) présente, sur la partie qui ressort du four (10), un raccord (7) permettant d'amener un mélange d'azote et d'oxygène et un raccord (8) permettant d'amener le granulat de charbon (4) et qu'un fond perméable aux gaz (3) se trouve sur la face inférieure, située dans la direction z opposée, de la partie du dispositif (1) qui fait saillie dans le four (10).
  2. Four (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le fond perméable aux gaz (3) du dispositif (1) peut recueillir le granulat de charbon amené (4) tout en restant perméable aux gaz.
  3. Four (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (1) est fabriqué au moins en partie en carbure de silicium.
  4. Four (10) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la partie du dispositif (1) qui est fabriquée en carbure de silicium se trouve à l'intérieur du four.
  5. Four (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le raccord (7) par lequel le mélange d'azote et d'oxygène entre dans le dispositif (1) se trouve dans la direction z en haut sur le dispositif (1).
  6. Four (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (1) est limité, en direction de la zone intérieure (5) du four (10), par une terminaison (9) qui présente un trou de sortie de gaz (6).
  7. Four (10) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la terminaison (9) est réalisée en forme de trémie.
  8. Four (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le four (10) comporte un moyen de transport (30) sur lequel la pièce de tôle d'acier à chauffer peut être transportée à travers le four (10).
  9. Procédé pour porter des pièces de tôle d'acier à température d'austénitisation entre 850 °C et 950 °C, caractérisé en ce qu'est générée, dans un four (10) dans lequel les pièces de tôle d'acier sont chauffées, une atmosphère réductrice exempte d'hydrogène par transport continu de granulat de charbon (4) vers un dispositif (1) faisant partiellement saillie dans le four (10) et présentant au moins en partie un fond criblé (3) et par acheminement d'un mélange d'azote et d'oxygène depuis le haut sur le granulat de charbon (4) qui se trouve dans le dispositif (1), de sorte que, sous l'influence thermique dans l'intérieur du four (9), le granulat de charbon (4) brûle en formant du monoxyde de carbone qui passe par le fond perméable aux gaz (3) pour entrer dans la zone intérieure (5) du four (10).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le granulat de charbon (4) est transporté vers le dispositif (1) avec un débit d'environ 1,5 kg par heure et en ce que la vitesse à laquelle le monoxyde de carbone sort du dispositif pour entrer dans la zone intérieure (5) du four (10) est de 20 m/s à 50 m/s.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que le dosage des composants azote, oxygène et granulat de charbon (40) s'effectue par l'intermédiaire de dispositifs de mesure de poids.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que le dosage des composants azote, oxygène et granulat de charbon (40) s'effectue par l'intermédiaire de dispositifs de mesure de débit volumique.
EP20110154034 2011-02-10 2011-02-10 Four Not-in-force EP2487268B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20110154034 EP2487268B1 (fr) 2011-02-10 2011-02-10 Four
ES11154034.0T ES2528001T3 (es) 2011-02-10 2011-02-10 Horno
PCT/EP2011/053096 WO2012107110A1 (fr) 2011-02-10 2011-03-02 Four

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20110154034 EP2487268B1 (fr) 2011-02-10 2011-02-10 Four

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2487268A1 EP2487268A1 (fr) 2012-08-15
EP2487268B1 true EP2487268B1 (fr) 2014-10-22

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20110154034 Not-in-force EP2487268B1 (fr) 2011-02-10 2011-02-10 Four

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2487268B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2528001T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012107110A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104894343A (zh) * 2015-06-15 2015-09-09 李华良 压力控制井式回火炉

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5968457A (en) * 1994-06-06 1999-10-19 Praxair Technology, Inc. Apparatus for producing heat treatment atmospheres
US6512205B1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2003-01-28 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Gettering system for brazing heat exchangers in CAB furnace
DE10347312B3 (de) 2003-10-08 2005-04-14 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Eisenwerkstoffen
EP1830147B1 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2012-04-11 Schwartz, Eva Four continu à chambres multiples avec atmosphère protectrice et procédé pour le chauffage de pièces galvanisées sans couche oxydée
US20090173417A1 (en) * 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 Soren Wiberg Method for annealing or hardening of metals
EP2087955A1 (fr) * 2008-01-08 2009-08-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Frittage d'acier dans une atmosphère comprennant azote et monoxyde de carbone

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Publication number Publication date
EP2487268A1 (fr) 2012-08-15
ES2528001T3 (es) 2015-02-03
WO2012107110A1 (fr) 2012-08-16

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