EP2470308A1 - Procédé et dispositif de production d'une couche pulvérisée en matière plastique réactive - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de production d'une couche pulvérisée en matière plastique réactive

Info

Publication number
EP2470308A1
EP2470308A1 EP10743048A EP10743048A EP2470308A1 EP 2470308 A1 EP2470308 A1 EP 2470308A1 EP 10743048 A EP10743048 A EP 10743048A EP 10743048 A EP10743048 A EP 10743048A EP 2470308 A1 EP2470308 A1 EP 2470308A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
reactive
mixing
spray channel
components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10743048A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Guido Wirtz
Stephan Schleiermacher
Roger Scholz
Frithjof Hannig
Dirk Steinmeister
Frank Grimberg
Andreas Frahm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro Deutschland AG
Original Assignee
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer MaterialScience AG filed Critical Bayer MaterialScience AG
Publication of EP2470308A1 publication Critical patent/EP2470308A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/40—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes
    • B01F33/404—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes for mixing material moving continuously therethrough, e.g. using impinging jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/34—Applying different liquids or other fluent materials simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/76—Mixers with stream-impingement mixing head
    • B29B7/7605—Mixers with stream-impingement mixing head having additional mixing arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/913—Vortex flow, i.e. flow spiraling in a tangential direction and moving in an axial direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/919—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/9191—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings characterised by the arrangement of the feed openings for one or more flows, e.g. for the mainflow and the flow of an additional component
    • B01F2025/91911—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings characterised by the arrangement of the feed openings for one or more flows, e.g. for the mainflow and the flow of an additional component with feed openings in the center of the main flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/919—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/9191—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings characterised by the arrangement of the feed openings for one or more flows, e.g. for the mainflow and the flow of an additional component
    • B01F2025/91912—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings characterised by the arrangement of the feed openings for one or more flows, e.g. for the mainflow and the flow of an additional component with feed openings at the circumference of the main flow

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of layers and moldings from reactive plastic wherein the reactive components are mixed in a spray channel in several levels with the aid of mixed gases.
  • the invention further relates to a device with which a corresponding method is made possible.
  • Kunststoffhandbuch Volume 7 Polyurethanes / Carl Hanser Verlag describes various application examples with regard to such spraying techniques.
  • the mixing of the liquid reaction components takes place during polyurethane processing in a mixing head, it being possible to distinguish between high-pressure and low-pressure mixing.
  • the spray application is realized in both cases via downstream atomizer systems.
  • the mixing energy necessary for mixing the reaction components is introduced via dynamic stirrers or static mixing elements.
  • the volume of the mixing chambers are relatively large compared to mixing heads of high-pressure mixing and must be cleaned after completion of the mixing process with suitable detergents or compressed air.
  • such low-pressure mixing heads tend by design to Mischschablagerungen and thus after prolonged operation for clogging.
  • Reaction components converted into kinetic energy via nozzles By injecting the components into a comparatively small mixing chamber, the kinetic energy is spatially concentrated and used for mixing.
  • the cleaning of the mixing chamber is carried out by mechanical plunger, whereby short-term interruptions of the spraying process are possible.
  • This advantage is a feature of the high-pressure mixing heads and crucial for the formation of constant layer thicknesses in robot-controlled spraying processes, since the traverse speeds are reduced immediately before the turning points of the robot paths and thus the area / discharge ratio changes.
  • the possibility of a brief interruption of the spray application allows the laying of the inflection points on the outer areas of the surfaces to be sprayed
  • the sprayer systems downstream of the mixing process serve to break down the reaction mixture into individual drops.
  • Atomization are single-fluid nozzles (airless high-pressure atomization) as well as with two substance nozzles outer and inner mixture (compressed gas atomization) used.
  • dual-fluid nozzles internal mixture is that they have relatively large flow cross-sections, so that even coarse particle-containing liquids can be sprayed.
  • Another advantage is that viscosity or volumetric flow changes have less of an impact on the geometry of the spray jet. This property is of great importance for the processing of solid-state polyurethane systems according to the method described below since the possibility of variably settable solid parts results in large changes in viscosity.
  • DE 27 00 488 A1 discloses a device in which, if appropriate, reactants are passed from two supply lines into a mixing tube.
  • the mixing tube has a series of nozzles Bl, Dl, B2 and D2, which are introduced into the tube by a high-pressure medium, for example a gas, but also components of the main liquid flow, which are mixed with the main liquid flow.
  • the nozzles are mounted in opposite directions, so that a turbulence takes place in the mixing tube.
  • a corresponding additive can also be added to the reactive mixture after mixing. This is often done by mixing the spray of the reactive plastic with a spray of the appropriate filler. This is known, for example, from DE 25 17 864 A1, US Pat. No. 3,302,891, WO 2009/052990 A1 or EP 1 458 494 B1. In the methods described here, the mixing head is no longer damaged by the fillers. Also, there is no damage to the fillers themselves. However, the wetting of the fillers with the reactive mixture is often insufficient here.
  • High solids contents with small particle sizes provide the reaction mixture with a large surface area which, due to the short residence time in the mixing zone, can not be sufficiently mixed and wetted with the reaction mixture.
  • Solid particles with high specific gravity are also concentrated due to of centrifugal forces on the wall region of the flow channel and can be mixed by the compression only conditionally with the reaction mixture.
  • a mixture discharge of, for example, 100 g / s and a solids content of 70 percent by weight (barium sulfate) this effect on mixture discharge was an annular formation of unwanted solid particles.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to develop a process and a device for producing layers and moldings from reactive plastic, in particular polyurethane, in particular by spray application, with which higher solids contents can be processed while at the same time ensuring uniform wetting of these solids ,
  • a lightweight and small design for the spray process via robots is advantageous.
  • Robot-guided mixing heads experience extremely fast motion changes; with hand-held mixing heads, the advantage of a light and small design is self-explanatory.
  • a further object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device which is small and lightweight. It should be possible with her be able to bring a high solids content in the reactive mixture. It should continue to wear, spray and be easy to clean.
  • a device according to the invention allows short order intervals; In addition, it is adaptable with commercially available casting mixheads.
  • the object underlying the invention could be achieved by a method in which the mixing section was extended, and in this several mixing levels were introduced.
  • a reaction mixture in particular a polyurethane reaction mixture
  • a device according to the invention Over inlet was added a solid-gas mixture.
  • the individual mixing levels consist of at least one gas channel opening into the spray channel, through which a gas stream flows.
  • the direction of flow of the gas stream entering the spray channel according to the invention extends outside the center of the spray channel. Due to the tangential arrangement, a radial flow component is impressed on the axial flow. By means of this radial flow component, the components, in this case the reactive mixture and the solid, are thoroughly mixed with one another.
  • the gas channels and the inlet openings in the respective mixing planes are arranged so that opposing swirl directions are impressed on the mixture via the flow path in the mixing chamber.
  • the twisting direction of one plane is opposite to the twisting direction of the following mixing plane.
  • the first mixing level ie the first at least one gas channel above the inlet openings for the solid-gas mixture.
  • Fig. Ia shows a cross section of a device according to the invention. For reasons of a simplified functional representation, the mixed gas ducts opening into the mixing chamber were not drawn tangentially in this and the subsequent sectional drawings.
  • Fig. Ib shows the mixing principle in a device according to the invention.
  • a radial flow component is impressed into the spray channel, in which the reactive mixture flows axially, by the mixed gas. This leads to a renewed turbulence of the reactive mixture.
  • the solid-gas mixture is introduced through appropriate inlets. The inlets are arranged tangentially, so that there is a further mixing.
  • the twisting direction caused by the solid-gas mixture is opposite to the twisting direction caused by the mixed gas in a first mixing plane.
  • a mixed gas is again introduced via corresponding gas channels.
  • An inventive Device therefore has at least two levels each at least one gas inlet, namely one before the inlet for example, the solid-gas mixture and after this intake.
  • a solid-gas mixture can be introduced into the reactive stream via the inlets. It is also possible to initiate the individual components of the reactive mixture via this. It is also possible to add solid, liquid and / or gaseous additives to the reactive mixture. However, it should always be borne in mind that a mixing plane is located in front of these inlet openings, ie that a mixed gas is introduced into the flow channel.
  • a device according to the invention has further mixing levels. As shown in FIG. 1b, in each of the further mixing planes, the at least one gas inlet is arranged in such a way that the twisting direction initiated by the mixed gas is different, namely opposite, from that of the overlying mixing plane.
  • a device according to the invention has more than two, in particular more than four, in particular more than 6 mixing levels with at least one gas inlet.
  • a mixing plane has at least one, in particular two, gas inlets.
  • Fig. 2a shows a modular mixer assembly according to the invention without an upstream PUR mixing head, in which the mixing levels can be combined as required, for example mixing elements in disc shape depending on the mixing requirement.
  • the original inlet bores are used here to initiate reaction components A and B of the reactive plastic.
  • Fig. 2 b shows the corresponding mixing principle. Shown here are two inlet openings. According to the invention, however, further inlet openings can also be located in the same plane.
  • At least two components are introduced individually via the at least two inlets from the outside into the spray channel in a nozzle and these are mixed there.
  • This spray channel has at least two mixing planes into which at least one mixed gas is introduced through at least one tangentially arranged gas channel and at least one of these mixing planes is prior to the admission of the components, the other thereafter.
  • "Before” and “after” are to be understood here according to the flow direction of the reactive current.
  • the mixing head function is thus taken over exclusively by the device according to the invention, the mixing / spraying, whereby very small and lightweight designs without moving parts and Waterproofing can be realized inexpensively. Furthermore, according to the invention, cost-intensive high-pressure doses can be dispensed with.
  • the spray channel is located inside the mixing nozzle. This is separated via a wall from a gas space surrounding it, wherein from the gas space in the spray channel in at least two mixing levels via at least one gas channel, a mixed gas can be introduced into the spray channel. As a result, only a gas connection of the nozzle according to the invention is needed.
  • the mixed gas flows at the same pressure over all existing gas channels in the interior of the spray channel.
  • Within a plane is at least one gas channel which directs the mixed gas from the gas space in the spray channel.
  • there are more than one gas channel in one plane preferably there are two gas channels in one plane, these being opposite one another.
  • the cylindrical mixing area has a tapered nozzle exit.
  • a tapered nozzle exit is the simplest design of a spray mixing nozzle according to the invention.
  • the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a spray mixing nozzle, in which a hollow cylinder is mounted in the interior of the spray channel, in the center of which a gas distributor is located, via which gas streams, which lead into the spray channel, tangentially mixed gas streams be initiated.
  • a cross section of a device according to the invention is shown.
  • Fig. 3b the associated mixing principle is shown.
  • the introduced mixed gas streams are introduced tangentially and in opposite directions.
  • corresponding reactive components but also solid, liquid and / or gaseous additives can be introduced from the outside.
  • the inlets for the reactive components and the additives are on two distinct levels, with the reactive components introduced in one plane and the additives in a different plane. Between these levels is at least one mixing level into which a mixed gas is introduced.
  • Such a mixing space geometry ensures the mixture between the individual reactive components and the additives, in particular of solids. Due to the outflow of the gas from the inside to the outside, a sufficient mixing is made possible even with a reduced amount of compressed gas and thus reduced gas loading. The mixing becomes tangential through opposite directions introduced mixed gases, and thus by opposite direction of twist in the individual mixing levels allows. The introduction of the reactive components and the additive is carried out so that the twisting direction is changed within the nozzle.
  • the geometry of the mixing chamber consists of a hollow cylinder, in the center of which there is a gas distributor. By forming a ring flow with a small gap size, it can be ruled out in comparison to a cylindrical mixing space that the mixing effect of the compressed gas streams in the center of the mixing space (in the center of the flow channel) is lost. Furthermore, the mixing effect of the gas flows is not affected by centrifugal forces.
  • the keeping clean of the compressed gas channels is advantageously designed in the arrangement described in FIG. 3a, since the mixing chamber wall bounding to the outside is completely closed after the solids have been introduced and thus the entry of wetted solid particles through centrifugal forces into the gas channels can be ruled out. With the corresponding gas flow, a mixture entry into the mixed gas channels by return flow is not possible.
  • the gas distributor located in the center can be axially displaced in its position, whereby the volume and thus the flow velocity in the mixing chamber can be adjusted immediately before the outlet opening.
  • This effect can be used inter alia to influence the spray pattern.
  • a mixing spray nozzle described in FIG. 3a can also be combined with conventional polyurethane mixing plants and thus enables the further use of existing machine technology.
  • the cleaning of a mixing spray nozzle according to the invention can be accomplished according to the prior art via compressed gas. By switching off the component streams and maintaining or increasing the supply of compressed gas, the cleaning process is initiated. This procedure also makes short-term firing interruptions analogous to high-pressure technology possible, which, as already mentioned, is advantageous for example for robot-controlled spray application for the formation of uniform spray layer thicknesses.
  • the entry angles of the gas channels below the component plane were arranged tangentially and obliquely in the direction of component flow, whereby the mixing effect is increased again.
  • this inlet geometry of the gas streams is only possible using increased gas throughputs or high flow velocities since the inclination in the flow direction of the mixture promotes a mixture entry into the gas channels.
  • reaction components are introduced as pre-atomized aerosols by means of a compressed gas stream in the nozzle.
  • volume flows and the particle sizes mass differences in the mixing ratio of the reactants can be compensated.
  • Mixing ratios of up to 100 to 1, which are usually not miscible via high-pressure mixer, can be successfully mixed or processed, for example, up to a discharge rate of 50 g / s.
  • reaction courses of reactive plastics over heated mold surfaces or tempered mixture components is a common procedure.
  • the method of hot air spraying allows similar effects, but can be varied over the duration of Gemischaustrags if necessary. This makes it possible, for example, to adapt the reaction course of the mixture over the entire duration of spraying in the case of large-area components, thereby increasing the productivity of such processes can be.
  • the flow of reaction mixtures on inclined surfaces can be positively influenced.
  • the reactive plastic is preferably polyurethane.
  • the reactive components used are therefore in particular polyol and isocyanate components. It is possible to use components which are well known from the prior art.
  • Fibers are preferably introduced into the reactive mixture via the inlets according to the invention.
  • Other possible solids which may be added include, for example, flame retardants, stabilizers or anti-aging agents.
  • the same functions can also have the possibly supplied liquid aids.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de couches et de pièces moulées en matière plastique réactive, les composants réactifs étant mélangés entre eux, au moyen de gaz mixtes, dans un conduit de pulvérisation, en plusieurs plans. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé correspondant.
EP10743048A 2009-08-26 2010-08-13 Procédé et dispositif de production d'une couche pulvérisée en matière plastique réactive Withdrawn EP2470308A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009038868 2009-08-26
PCT/EP2010/004964 WO2011023302A1 (fr) 2009-08-26 2010-08-13 Procédé et dispositif de production d'une couche pulvérisée en matière plastique réactive

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2470308A1 true EP2470308A1 (fr) 2012-07-04

Family

ID=43033093

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10743048A Withdrawn EP2470308A1 (fr) 2009-08-26 2010-08-13 Procédé et dispositif de production d'une couche pulvérisée en matière plastique réactive

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20120178895A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2470308A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013503052A (fr)
KR (1) KR20120053503A (fr)
CN (1) CN102574140A (fr)
MX (1) MX2012002239A (fr)
WO (1) WO2011023302A1 (fr)

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WO2012110407A1 (fr) * 2011-02-15 2012-08-23 Bayer Materialscience Ag Dispositif de pulvérisation pour une résine réactive et procédé de production d'une résine réactive
DE102011011241A1 (de) 2011-02-15 2012-08-16 Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft Sprühvorrichtung für ein Reaktivharz und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
DE102011012287A1 (de) 2011-02-24 2012-08-30 Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft Sprühvorrichtung für ein Reaktivharz und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
US9291925B2 (en) 2013-03-08 2016-03-22 Xerox Corporation Phase immersion emulsification process and apparatus
CN103962024B (zh) * 2013-07-12 2016-08-10 佛山市高明尚昂科技有限公司 一种变向雾化装置
CN106999965B (zh) * 2014-10-09 2020-01-17 喷雾系统制造欧洲有限公司 双材料喷嘴
CN105498567B (zh) * 2015-12-18 2018-02-16 中国水利水电科学研究院 排污扩散器预掺混方法及一种强预掺混排污扩散器
CN110860152A (zh) * 2019-11-22 2020-03-06 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 添加剂混合系统、方法以及抑尘车
FR3113608A1 (fr) * 2020-08-26 2022-03-04 Exel Industries Dispositif de mélange pluri-composants et procédé associé
CN112191121B (zh) * 2020-09-22 2022-09-30 南京晶升装备股份有限公司 一种长晶炉工艺气混气气道
CN113289537B (zh) * 2021-06-07 2022-05-31 浙江天奇新材料科技股份有限公司 一种改性呋喃树脂定比生产加工系统及生产方法
CN115463607B (zh) * 2022-09-20 2024-03-19 山东裕城生物技术有限公司 一种粉剂兽药定量混合生产线及其生产方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20120178895A1 (en) 2012-07-12
WO2011023302A1 (fr) 2011-03-03
KR20120053503A (ko) 2012-05-25
JP2013503052A (ja) 2013-01-31
CN102574140A (zh) 2012-07-11
MX2012002239A (es) 2012-03-29

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