EP2467589A1 - Procédé et dispositif de conversion d'énergie thermique issue de la biomasse en travail mécanique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de conversion d'énergie thermique issue de la biomasse en travail mécanique

Info

Publication number
EP2467589A1
EP2467589A1 EP10742153A EP10742153A EP2467589A1 EP 2467589 A1 EP2467589 A1 EP 2467589A1 EP 10742153 A EP10742153 A EP 10742153A EP 10742153 A EP10742153 A EP 10742153A EP 2467589 A1 EP2467589 A1 EP 2467589A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas turbine
thermal energy
heat exchanger
gas
supplied
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10742153A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dragan Stevanovic´
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krones AG
Original Assignee
Krones AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krones AG filed Critical Krones AG
Publication of EP2467589A1 publication Critical patent/EP2467589A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/26—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension
    • F02C3/28—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
    • F02C7/10—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases by means of regenerative heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
    • F28D17/005—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using granular particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the conversion of thermal energy from biomass into mechanical work, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical work, according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • the invention is described with reference to biomass However, it should be noted that the inventive method and the device according to the invention can also be used for other carbonaceous products.
  • DE 100 39 246 C2 relates to a method for converting thermal energy into mechanical work, wherein a first and a second means for storing thermal energy are switched on alternately in a turbine branch.
  • the disadvantage here is the inadequate integration of the heat released in the various process steps and the formation of dust in the flue gases, which is removed, for example, by means of a cyclone.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a device for converting thermal energy from combustion or gasification of carbonaceous raw materials into mechanical work, which has high efficiency and high efficiency with improved heat integration into the combustion process exhibit and advantageous while avoiding dust in the flue gases work. Furthermore, a method is to be created which in turn efficiently supplies the resulting energies to individual processes.
  • An essential point of the invention is that a method for the conversion of thermal energy from carbonaceous raw materials into mechanical work with at least a first and a second means for storing and dispensing thermal energy, which alternately at least temporarily in a turbine branch with a downstream Gas turbine are turned on, the following steps:
  • the term downstream is understood in particular to be a downstream in relation to the respective gases to be processed or the heat flow.
  • the gas burner is advantageous immediately downstream of a carburetor.
  • the device for storing thermal energy is preferably also suitable for emitting the stored thermal energy, for example in the form of hot air.
  • devices for storing thermal energy in particular bulk material generators can be used, as described for example in EP 0 620 909 B1 or DE 42 36 619 C2.
  • the disclosure content of DE 100 39 246 A1, filed on 1 Aug. 2008 at the DPMA, is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the present disclosure
  • the invention proposes to heat combustion air for the gas burner with the advantageous use of the output from the gas turbine heat or hot air by means of a heat exchanger.
  • additionally compressed air can be supplied to the heat exchanger.
  • the method thus enables optimal heat integration in the combustion process.
  • the heat formed during the combustion by means of the heat exchanger as heated combustion air is supplied to the gas burner again to further increase the efficiency of the process.
  • the hot air supplied by the gas turbine and supplied to at least one heat exchanger downstream of the expander of the gas turbine is preferably at least partially supplied as hot exhaust air to at least one further heat exchanger and the recovered thermal energy is decoupled as usable heat. This further contributes to environmental compatibility and to increasing the efficiency of the process.
  • the hot air supplied by the gas turbine and fed to at least one gas turbine downstream of the gas turbine is preferably at least partially supplied as hot exhaust air to at least one further heat exchanger and the recovered thermal energy is used for the generation of saturated steam.
  • the waste heat is used for saturated steam generation. This relates in particular to the supply of waste heat to at least one further heat exchanger, which in turn is connected downstream of the gas turbine downstream heat exchanger, with which water is heated to produce the saturated steam.
  • the hot air supplied by the gas turbine and supplied to at least one of the gas turbine downstream is preferably at least partially supplied as hot exhaust air to at least one further heat exchanger, and the generated thermal energy is used for the production of hot air.
  • This hot air can be fed to a carburetor.
  • the overall process preferably comprises, in a first step, gasification of the carbonaceous raw materials in a gasifier, the product gas being used as fuel Carburetor downstream gas burner is supplied.
  • the heated saturated steam and / or the hot air are preferably introduced via the gas turbine downstream heat exchanger in the gasifier and used as a gasification agent for gasification.
  • a fixed-bed countercurrent carburetor is used as the carburetor.
  • the heated by means of a heat exchanger steam is introduced into the carburetor and used for gasification.
  • the gasifier is advantageously fed to a further gaseous medium as combustion gas. As combustion gas comes z.
  • As hot air oxygen, oxygen-enriched air and the like into consideration.
  • relaxed hot air from the gas turbine is used to generate energy by means of a steam turbine.
  • this steam turbine could be integrated into a separate water cycle and the water in this circuit can be vaporized and overheated by a heat exchanger. After the steam turbine, the steam is condensed to be then pressurized in liquid form by a pump before being returned to the heat exchanger.
  • the inventive device for converting thermal energy into mechanical work essentially comprises a gas burner for burning a fuel; at least one first and one second means for storing thermal energy, which at least temporarily alternately in a turbine branch with a downstream gas turbine are switched on and at least one connecting line, which in the gas burner resulting flue gases to the means for storing thermal energy, wherein the gas turbine at least one heat exchanger downstream, which serves for heating of guided in the gas burner combustion air.
  • a connecting line between the gas turbine and the heat exchanger and between the heat exchanger and the gas burner is provided, so that heat exiting the gas turbine first heats the combustion air and thus the energy released can be supplied to the gas burner again to the combustion process in the gas burner even more efficient.
  • the device has an air supply device, which supplies the gas burner, the air, in particular fresh air.
  • the said heat exchanger is arranged in this line
  • the gas turbine advantageously acts as a compressor to compress supplied air and to supply the devices for storing thermal energy in turn to be heated cold air, wherein the gas turbine is followed by at least one heat exchanger, which supplies the heated air to the gas burner.
  • the gas burner is preferably preceded by a carburetor for generating or converting the fuel.
  • further turbine downstream branch means are provided for heating at least one gas.
  • These means are, for example, also heat exchangers, which can simultaneously heat air, so as to produce hot air, which can be supplied to the gasifier.
  • these means saturated steam can be generated, which can also be supplied to the gasifier.
  • At least one of the gas turbine downstream heat exchanger supplied hot air is at least partially supplied as hot exhaust air at least one other heat exchanger and extracted the recovered thermal energy as usable heat.
  • at least one of the gas turbine downstream heat exchanger supplied hot air is at least partially supplied as hot exhaust air at least one other heat exchanger, which uses the thermal energy obtained for saturated steam generation.
  • At least one of the gas turbine downstream heat exchanger supplied hot air is at least partially supplied as hot exhaust air at least one further heat exchanger, which uses the thermal energy obtained for hot air generation.
  • a plurality of heat exchangers are preferably arranged behind one another in a string of the hot air emerging from the turbine.
  • a means for alternately switching on at least one first device for storing thermal energy and at least one second device for storing thermal energy in the turbine branch is preferably provided.
  • These alternately switching-on means may, for example, be a multiplicity of controllable valves, which in each case permit the flue gas to be fed alternately into the means for storing thermal energy or allow alternate discharge of heated air to the gas turbine.
  • At least one further heat exchanger arranged downstream of a compressor of the gas turbine is advantageously provided, which at least partially cools supplied hot air and supplies it as cold air to the first and / or second device for storing thermal energy. On the one hand, this is intended to ensure an increase in efficiency of the stored energy. On the other hand, by cooling the air, the temperature of the flue gas can also be reduced.
  • the valve-like means is used for emergency shutdown and is preferably arranged in a bypass between a feed to the expander and a discharge line from the compressor of the gas turbine.
  • temperature sensors can be provided which respectively measure the temperatures at corresponding locations of the devices for storing thermal energy and switch the corresponding valves in response to these measurements, so that optimal supply of the gas turbines with hot air is made possible at all times and furthermore enables efficient recharging of the means for storing thermal energy.
  • the gas turbine downstream of a steam turbine.
  • the hot air from the first gas turbine can be used once again to generate electricity.
  • the current efficiency can be further improved.
  • Fig. 1 is a first flowchart
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of the use of a device according to the invention for the conversion of thermal energy from carbonaceous raw materials into mechanical work.
  • the reference numeral 1 refers to a gas turbine 8 downstream heat exchanger.
  • the raw material 14 is input from above into the carburetor 18 and the gasification agent (eg air / saturated steam) along a supply line 16 from below.
  • the gasification agent eg air / saturated steam
  • the resulting ash in the carburetor 18 is discharged downwards, that is, along the arrow P1.
  • the product gas enters the gas burner 2 and is burned.
  • the resulting in the gas burner 2 flue gases are passed through a connecting line 3 and with the help of the valves 46, 44 in a first 4 or second 6 bulk regenerator and supplied by the bulk regenerators 4,6 hot air 7 via a line 21 to a gas turbine 8.
  • a generator G is arranged on the gas turbine 8.
  • the reference numeral 23 denotes a discharge pipe for discharging the flue gas generated in the means 4, 6 for storing thermal energy.
  • From the first regenerator 4 leads a line 22 to the gas turbine 8.
  • the exiting the gas turbine 8 hot exhaust air is supplied via a line 26 to the heat exchanger 1.
  • the heat released is used to heat incoming, compressed air, which is supplied to the gas burner 2 as preheated combustion air 7.
  • the exiting the gas turbine 8 hot exhaust air is then fed to another heat exchanger 13, which serves to generate hot water.
  • heat exchanger 13, heat exchangers 1 1, 12 are connected downstream to supply both air and water as a gasifying agent to the fixed-bed countercurrent reactor 18.
  • the heat exchanger 13 is connected directly downstream of the first heat exchanger 1. By means of this device, it is possible to use the decoupled heat, for example for hot water production at a high temperature level.
  • the heat exchanger 1 1, 12 for heating air and water as a gasifying agent are also downstream of the heat exchanger 13.
  • the order of the heat exchangers allows precise control of the heat distribution in the process of the invention.
  • the first heat exchanger 1, which receives the combustion air with the highest temperature, is used in particular for generating hot air for the gas burner, the next heat exchanger 13 for generating heat, which is the further heat exchangers 1 1 and 12 is supplied to then hot air or saturated steam produce. Furthermore, it would also be possible to exchange the two heat exchangers 12 and 1 1 with respect to their order.
  • the heat exchanger 15 is connected downstream of the compressor of the gas turbine 8 and cools the compressed hot air emerging from the compressor of the gas turbine 8 and subsequently supplies cold air to the first device 4 and / or second device 6 for storing thermal energy.
  • the temperature efficiency of the stored energy should be increased, but also the temperature of the flue gas should be reduced.
  • the reference numeral 58 in the figure refers to a pump for conveying water.
  • the reference numeral 10 in the figure refers to the hot air and the reference numeral 9 denotes the saturated steam.
  • the reference numerals 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 each refer to controllable valves, the supply of the flue gas to the bulk regenerators 4.6 (valves 44 and 46) and the discharge of the hot air of bulk regenerators 4, 6 to the gas turbine 8 (valves 36 and 42), the delivery of flue gas (valves 32 and 38) as well as vice versa the supply of cold air (valves 34 and 40) to the bulk regenerators 4.6 control.
  • the respectively black drawn valves are in an open state and the only rimmed valves in a closed state.
  • Reference numerals 52, 54, 56 respectively refer to compressors for compressing air (reference numeral 56), flue gas (reference numeral 52) and exhaust air (reference numeral 54).
  • air is supplied via the line 25 of the gas turbine 8 and passed through a further heat exchanger 15 to be supplied as cold air in bulk regenerators 4 and 6.
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a further circuit 70 is provided, which is connected downstream of the gas turbine 8. More specifically, the hot air from the gas turbine 8 is passed through a heat exchanger 71, which is integrated in this circuit 70. Through the heat exchanger, water of the circuit 70 is heated and fed to a steam turbine 72, which in turn drives a generator 74.
  • the reference numeral 78 refers to a pump and the reference numeral 76 to a capacitor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne en particulier un procédé de conversion d'énergie thermique issue de la biomasse en travail mécanique, à l'aide d'au moins un premier (4) et un deuxième (6) dispositif pour stocker et délivrer de l'énergie thermique, lesdits dispositifs étant mis en marche au moins temporairement et alternativement dans une branche turbine (T) dotée d'une turbine à gaz (8) montée en aval. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à : a) assurer la combustion d'un gaz dans un brûleur (2), b) faire passer les gaz de fumée (3) générés dans le brûleur (2) par un dispositif (4, 6) pour stocker l'énergie thermique, et c) introduire l'air chaud (7) cédé par au moins un dispositif (4, 6) dans la turbine à gaz (8), l'air chaud cédé par la turbine à gaz (8) étant délivré à un échangeur de chaleur ( ) monté en aval d'au moins une turbine à gaz (8).
EP10742153A 2009-08-21 2010-08-12 Procédé et dispositif de conversion d'énergie thermique issue de la biomasse en travail mécanique Withdrawn EP2467589A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009038322A DE102009038322A1 (de) 2009-08-21 2009-08-21 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung thermischer Energie aus Biomasse in mechanische Arbeit
PCT/EP2010/061754 WO2011020768A1 (fr) 2009-08-21 2010-08-12 Procédé et dispositif de conversion d'énergie thermique issue de la biomasse en travail mécanique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2467589A1 true EP2467589A1 (fr) 2012-06-27

Family

ID=42752485

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10742153A Withdrawn EP2467589A1 (fr) 2009-08-21 2010-08-12 Procédé et dispositif de conversion d'énergie thermique issue de la biomasse en travail mécanique

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US8561412B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2467589A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013502527A (fr)
CN (1) CN102625877B (fr)
AU (1) AU2010285056A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112012003588A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2771146A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009038322A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA201290058A1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ598333A (fr)
UA (1) UA107580C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011020768A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA201290058A1 (ru) 2012-08-30
DE102009038322A1 (de) 2011-02-24
AU2010285056A1 (en) 2012-03-15
UA107580C2 (uk) 2015-01-26
CN102625877A (zh) 2012-08-01
CA2771146A1 (fr) 2011-02-24
BR112012003588A2 (pt) 2016-03-15
US8561412B2 (en) 2013-10-22
CN102625877B (zh) 2014-11-26
WO2011020768A1 (fr) 2011-02-24
NZ598333A (en) 2014-02-28
US20120137701A1 (en) 2012-06-07
JP2013502527A (ja) 2013-01-24

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