EP2467453A2 - Zusatzstoffe zur reduzierung der verkokung von ofenrohren - Google Patents

Zusatzstoffe zur reduzierung der verkokung von ofenrohren

Info

Publication number
EP2467453A2
EP2467453A2 EP10810582A EP10810582A EP2467453A2 EP 2467453 A2 EP2467453 A2 EP 2467453A2 EP 10810582 A EP10810582 A EP 10810582A EP 10810582 A EP10810582 A EP 10810582A EP 2467453 A2 EP2467453 A2 EP 2467453A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
sulfurized
group
feed stream
anhydride
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10810582A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2467453A4 (de
Inventor
Joseph L. Stark
Thomas J. Falker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Inc filed Critical Baker Hughes Inc
Publication of EP2467453A2 publication Critical patent/EP2467453A2/de
Publication of EP2467453A4 publication Critical patent/EP2467453A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G75/00—Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general
    • C10G75/04—Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general by addition of antifouling agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4075—Limiting deterioration of equipment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to additives useful for reducing fouling in furnaces.
  • the present invention particularly relates to sulfur based additives useful for reducing fouling in furnaces.
  • Both types of furnaces include a number of tubes, generally arranged vertically, that form a continuous flow path, or coil, through the furnace.
  • the flow path or coil includes an inlet and an outlet.
  • a mixture of a hydrocarbon feedstock and steam are fed into the inlet and passed through the tubes.
  • the tubes are exposed to extreme heat generated by burners
  • the invention is a process for reducing furnace foi ing comprising treating a furnace feed stream with an antifouling agent wherein the antifoul ing agent comprises sulfurized oil.
  • the invention is an additive useful for reduci ng furnace foul ing comprising sulfurized oil .
  • the invention is an admixture of a furnace feed material and an additive useful for reducing furnace fou! ing comprising sulfurized oil.
  • a furnace feed material and an additive useful for reducing furnace fou! ing comprising sulfurized oil.
  • exemplary of such an admixture is a hydrocarbon feed stream fo a coking or visbreaking process and a sulfurized oil antifouling additive.
  • the present invention is an anti fouling agent comprising sulfurized oil .
  • the sul furized oi l useful with the process of the disclosure may, in one embodiment, include sulfurized polyolefins.
  • the sulfurized oil for example a sulfurized triisobutyiene, may be prepared by a process including the steps of (a) mixing a mole ratio of udisobutyiene to sulfur of between about 1 :2.5 and 1 :5 at between 50 and 1 00° F; (b) continuously blowing the resultant mixture with an inert gas under continuous pressure and under elevated temperatures until the free sulfur weight in the said resultant reaction mixture is less than 0.3 weight percent: (c) stripping the blown mixture with inert gas at an elevated temperature at sub-atmospheric pressure; and (d ) fi ltering the stri pped product.
  • sulfurized oil useful with the disclosure include, but are not l imited to: sulfurized lard, sulfurized fish oil, sulfurized whale oil, sulfurized soybean oil, sulfurized ptnene oil, sulfurized sperm oil, sulfurized fatty acid, i ,3,4-thiadiazoi derivatives, thiuram disulfide, dithiocarbarnate ester, and the like.
  • X is 1 or 2
  • each R is independently an alky! group, a cyclic afkyl group, an olefin, or a polyolefm group, may be used as the sulfurized oil useful with the disclosure
  • antifouling agents of the application include magnesium and aluminum overbases. These overbases and dispersions are soluble in hydrocarbons, even though it is generally harder to get these additi ves dispersed in hydrocarbon as contrasted wi th aqueous systems, in some embodiments, the metal overbases contains at feast about 1 wt % magnesium or aluminum. In an alternati ve embodiment, t e additive contains about 5 wt % metai, in another non-limiting embodiment, the amount of metal or alkali earth metai is at ieast about 17 wt %, and in a different alternate embodiment, at ieast about 40 wt %.
  • the metal overbase is made by heating a tall oil with magnesium hydroxide, In another embodiment the overbases are made using aluminum oxide. In still another embod iment, dispersions are made using magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide. Dispersions and overbases made using other metals would be prepared similarly, !n one non-Umiting embodi ment the target particle size of these dispersions and overbases is about 3 0 microns or less, alternatively about 1 micron or less. It will be appreciated that all of the particles in the additive are nor of the target size, but that a "bell-shaped" distribution is obtained so that the average particle size distribution is 1 0 ⁇ or less, or alternatively 1 ⁇ , or less.
  • some embodiments of the invention may be prepared in any manner known to the prior art for preparing overbased salts, provided that the overbase complex resulting there from is in the form of finely divided, and in one non-limiting embodiment, submicron particles which form a stable dispersion in the hydrocarbon feed stream.
  • one non-restrictive method for preparing the additives of the present invention is to form a mixture of a base of the desired metai, e.g., Mg(OH) 2 . with a complexing agent, e.g.
  • a fatty acid such as a tail oil fatty acid, which is present in a quantity much less than that required to stoichiornetrieal!y react with the hydroxide, and a non-volatile diluent.
  • the mixture is heated to a temperature of about 250-350*0, whereby there is afforded the overbase complex or dispersion of the metal oxide and the metal salt of the fatty acid.
  • [G013J Complexing agents which may be used include, but are not necessarily limited to. carboxylic acids, phenols, organic phosphorus acids and organic sulfur acids, i ncluded are those acids which are presently used in preparing overbased materials (e.g. those described in U.S. Pat. Nos, 3,3 12,61 8; 2,695,91 0; and 2,61 6,904, ALL ful ly incorporated herein by reference) and constitute an art-recognized class of acids.
  • the carboxylic acids, phenols, organic phosphorus acids and organic sulfur acids which are oil-soluble per se, particularly the oil-soluble sulfonic acids, are especial ly useful.
  • Oi l-soluble derivatives of these organic acidic substances can be utilized in lieu of or in combination with the free acids.
  • metal salts such as their metal salts, ammonium salts, arid esters (particularly esters with lower aliphatic alcohols having up to six carbon atoms, such as the lower alkanols)
  • arid esters particularly esters with lower aliphatic alcohols having up to six carbon atoms, such as the lower alkanols
  • Suitable carboxyiic acid complexing agents which m y be used herein include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic mono- and polybasic carboxyiic acids such, as the naph!henic acids, aiky!- or a!kenyl-substituted cyclopentanoie acids, a!ky!- or aikeny!- subsiittited cyclohexanoic acids and aikyi- or aikenyl-substiiuted aromatic carboxyi ic acids.
  • the aliphatic acids generally are long chain acids and coma! a at least eight carbon atoms and in one non-limiting embodiment at least twelve carbon atoms.
  • the cycloaliphatic and aliphatic carboxyiic acids can be saturated or unsaturated.
  • the metal additives acceptable for the method of the disclosure may also include true overbase compounds where a carbonation procedure has been done.
  • the earbonation involves the addition of CO 2 , as is well known in the art,
  • the antifouSirtg agents of the method of the d isclosure may incl ude a magnesium overbase.
  • the magnesium overbase is a magnesium carbonate overbase and in other embodiments it is a magnesium sulfonate overbase. in still other embodiments, it may be a mixture of both magnesium sulfonate and magnesium carbonate. Simi larly, aluminum sul fonates and carbonates may be used.
  • the antifouling agents useful with the disclosure may also include a dispersant.
  • Suitable dispersants include, but are not necessarily limited to, copolymers of carboxyiic anhydride and aipha-olefins. particularly aipha-olefins having from 2 to 70 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable carboxyiic anhydrides include aliphatic, cycl ic and aromatic anhydrides, and may include, but are not necessarily limited to maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, tetraprop lene succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, tnmeiiitie anhydride (oil soluble, non-basic), and mixtures thereof.
  • Typical copolymers include reaction products between these anhydrides and aipha-olefins to produce oil-soluble products.
  • Suitable alpha olefins include, but are not necessarily limited to ethylene, propylene, butylenes (such as n- burvlene and isobutylene), G;-C ? o alpha olefins, polyisobutylene, and mixtures thereof.
  • a typical copolymer is a reaction product bet ween maleic anhydride and an alpha- olefi n to produce an oil soluble dispersant.
  • a useful copolymer reaction product is formed by a 1 : 1 stoichiometric addition of maleic anhydride and polyisobutylene. The resulting product has a molecular weight range from about 5,000 to 10,000, in another non-limiting embodiment
  • the aniifbulants agents of the method of the d isclosure may include a s lfurized oii, magnesium overbase and a -olefin copolymer.
  • the ratio of the sulfurized oil to the other components may range from about 10: 1 to 1 : 10. In some embodiments, the range may be from about 3 : 1 to 1 :3. In other embodiment, the ratio may be about 1 : 1 .
  • the solvent may be any that is compatible with the antifouling agent components.
  • the solvent is an aromatic solvent. Any solvent known to those of ordinary skill in the art to be useful for preparing compositions incl uding the antifouling agent components may be used.
  • the antifouling agents of the disclosure may be used in processes wherein hydrocarbons are contacted with extreme heat to reduce or mitigate fouling.
  • the antifouling agents are particularly useful in furnace feed streams it) coking and visbreaking applications, in one embodiment of a visbreaking process, the process takes place in a facility having: (1 ) a train of exchangers into which the process feed enters for initial pre- heating, (2) followed by a furnace in which thermal cracking takes place, (3) then a fractionating column, from the base of which flows the residue (tar), which passes through (4 ) the exchangers, transferring part of its heat to the charge.
  • a "soaker” between the furnace and the fractionating column which increases the time at which the process feed is held at high temperature.
  • the operating conditions of a plant of this kind include a furnace temperature of from about 420 to about 500°C (in the presence or in the absence of "soaker", respectively) and a pressure of between 3 and 20 bar.
  • the process feed is a primary distillation residue or of a vacuum residue.
  • a visbreaking process is typically managed with the aim of obtaining maximum transformation of hydrocarbons into medi um and l ight d istil lates.
  • Coking a term associated with the refining of the heavy bottoms of petroleum, is a process in which the heavy residual bottoms of crude oil are thermally converted to lower- boiling petroleum products and by-product petroleum coke. Delayed coking involves the rapid heating of reduced crude in a furnace arid then confinement in a coke drum under proper conditions of temperature and pressure until the unvaporized portion of she furnace effluent is converted to vapor and coke. I n either process the feed is typically a very heavy hydrocarbon, often a residue from another process within a refinery.
  • the anti-fouUng agent of the invention may be used with other refinery process as well. For example. the method of the invention may be used with vacuum distillation tower furnaces.
  • the process of the invention may be used in any circumstance where a hydrocarbon feed is being fed through a furnace at temperatures that would induce foul ing of the heat exchanging surfaces of the furnace.
  • these temperatures are those from about 260°C to about 870°C.
  • furnace feed stream means not just feeds going into a furnace, but rather any circumstances wherein a hydrocarbon is brought into contact with a surface, especially the surface of a heat exchanger, ai a temperature of from 260°C to about 870°C.
  • the anii fouling agents of the invention may be used in any amount that is effective to stop or mitigate foul ing,
  • the amount that is necessary wil l be, to some extent, dependent upon the properties of the hydrocarbon feed in which it will be used. In most cases, the hydrocarbon feed wil l be a very heavy hydrocarbon teed with a significant tendency to produce fouling.
  • the amount of antifouHng agent useful with method of the invention will range, as a weight percent of the hydrocarbon feed (furnace feed stream), of from about 50 ppm to about J 0,000 ppm. In one embodiment, the range is from about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm. In another embodiment, the range is from about 250 ppm to about 500 ppm.
  • the antifouHng agents of the invention may be introduced into their target feed material in any way known to be useful to those of ordinary ski l! in the art of refini ng crude oil subject to the caveat that the antifouHng agents are introduced prior to the feed contacting the surfaces which are to be protected from foaling.
  • She antifouHng agent is injected into the feed material as they pass through a turbulent section of a coking process.
  • the antifouHng agent is admixed with the feed in holding vessel that is agitated.
  • the antifouHng agent is admixed with the feed immediately upstream of a furnace by injecting it into a turbulent flow, the turbulent flow being created by static mixers put into place for the purpose of admixi ng the aruiibu!ing agent with a feed material .
  • the use of the antifouHng agents of the disclosure may provide as least two advantages.
  • the less fouling of a furnace the longer that that furnace may go without serv ice thereby increasing the time between tum-arouisds. Further, less fouling may result in more efficient heat transfer resulting in energy savings too.
  • the following examples are provided t.o illustrate the present invention, The examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention and they should not be so interpreted. Amounts are in weight parts or weight percentages unless otherwise indicated.
  • the HTFT furnace was heated to the desired temperature, normally 890°F (477°C) to 950' : 'F (5 10°C). dependent on the furnace outlet temperature in which the coker feed was processed.
  • the sample beaker was placed into the autoclave base and the autoclave top was secured to the base.
  • the closed vessel was then placed into the heated furnace.
  • An automated com uter-based test program then recorded the test elapsed time, sample temperature and autoclave pressure every 30 seconds throughout the test run.
  • the Coking Stability Index test is used to measure the stability of asphakenes in furnace feeds via the determination of the onset of aspha!tene fioccuiation point using a solvent titration method.
  • the Coking Stability Index system uses a solids detection system that uses a near infrared (MIR) laser to determine the onset of aspha!tene fioccuiation. Approximately 20 mL of furnace feed mixture is heated. A non-solvent, such as heptane, is then titrated into the solution and the transmittance of the MIR laser monitored. In the initial stages of titration the transmittance of the laser increases due to the decrease in density of the solution resulting from the addition of heptane.
  • MIR near infrared
  • the laser transmiUance When the asphaltenes begin to flocculate, the laser transmiUance will decrease.
  • the apex of the curve corresponds to the point of asphaltene precipitation and provides a relative measure of the stability of the feedstock. The higher the CSL the more stable the coker feed.
  • a hydrocarbon sample is tested with the HTFT procedure using magnesium sulfonate as the sole anti fouling agent component at a concentration of 1000 ppm.
  • the percent coke so!icis are measure and recorded in the Table as Comparative Example A.
  • a hydrocarbon sample is tested with the HTFT procedure using magnesium sulfonate (47.6 wt. %), suifurized poiyolefin (30 wt. %) " and an organic solvent (22.4 wt%) as the antifoul ing agent components at a total concentration of 1000 ppm.
  • the percent coke solids are measure and recorded in the Table as Example 2.
  • a hydrocarbon sample is tested with the CSI procedure using suifurized oi l as the sole antifouling agent component at a concentration of 1000 ppm.
  • the Coking Stabi lity Index is determined and recorded in the Table as the Example 3.
  • a hydrocarbon sample is tested with the CSI proceed ure using magnesium sulfonate (70 wt, percent) and sui furized oil (30 wt. %) as the antifoul ing agent components at a total concentration of 1 000 ppm.
  • the Coki ng Stabi lity index is determi ned and recorded below as the Example 4.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
EP10810582A 2009-08-21 2010-08-19 Zusatzstoffe zur reduzierung der verkokung von ofenrohren Withdrawn EP2467453A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23595709P 2009-08-21 2009-08-21
US12/857,216 US20110042268A1 (en) 2009-08-21 2010-08-16 Additives for reducing coking of furnace tubes
PCT/US2010/045965 WO2011022529A2 (en) 2009-08-21 2010-08-19 Additives for reducing coking of furnace tubes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2467453A2 true EP2467453A2 (de) 2012-06-27
EP2467453A4 EP2467453A4 (de) 2013-01-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10810582A Withdrawn EP2467453A4 (de) 2009-08-21 2010-08-19 Zusatzstoffe zur reduzierung der verkokung von ofenrohren

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20110042268A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2467453A4 (de)
WO (1) WO2011022529A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

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WO2015022979A1 (ja) * 2013-08-15 2015-02-19 ナルコジャパン合同会社 石油プロセスにおける熱交換器の汚れ防止方法
CA3256546A1 (en) 2016-10-19 2025-04-16 Fort Hills Energy L.P. Near infrared (nir) monitoring in paraffinic froth treatment (pft) operations
JP7802059B2 (ja) 2020-09-14 2026-01-19 エコラボ ユーエスエー インコーポレイティド プラスチック由来の合成原料のための低温流動性添加剤
WO2022192577A1 (en) 2021-03-10 2022-09-15 Ecolab Usa Inc. Stabilizer additives for plastic-derived synthetic feedstock
US11591530B2 (en) 2021-04-02 2023-02-28 Indian Oil Corporation Limited Additive for preventing fouling of thermal cracker furnace
JP2024537380A (ja) * 2021-10-14 2024-10-10 エコラボ ユーエスエー インコーポレイティド プラスチック由来の合成原料のための防汚剤

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US20080099722A1 (en) * 2006-10-30 2008-05-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method for Reducing Fouling in Furnaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011022529A3 (en) 2011-06-16
EP2467453A4 (de) 2013-01-02
WO2011022529A2 (en) 2011-02-24
US20110042268A1 (en) 2011-02-24

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