EP2466237B1 - Infra-red drying system - Google Patents

Infra-red drying system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2466237B1
EP2466237B1 EP11009455.4A EP11009455A EP2466237B1 EP 2466237 B1 EP2466237 B1 EP 2466237B1 EP 11009455 A EP11009455 A EP 11009455A EP 2466237 B1 EP2466237 B1 EP 2466237B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
heating zone
channel
air
dried
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11009455.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2466237A3 (en
EP2466237A2 (en
Inventor
Helmut Rebhan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heinz Glas GmbH and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Heinz Glas GmbH and Co KGaA
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Publication of EP2466237A2 publication Critical patent/EP2466237A2/en
Publication of EP2466237A3 publication Critical patent/EP2466237A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2466237B1 publication Critical patent/EP2466237B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/30Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F26B21/04Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2203/00Other substrates
    • B05D2203/30Other inorganic substrates, e.g. ceramics, silicon
    • B05D2203/35Glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254After-treatment
    • B05D3/0263After-treatment with IR heaters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0406Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a continuously operating infrared drying plant, in particular for drying water-miscible lacquers on glass objects. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for operating such a drying plant. Moreover, the invention relates to a painting system with such a drying plant.
  • circulating air-based thermal drying systems 1 are mostly used, see Fig. 1 , These systems are either gas heated or electrically heated. They usually have a chamber 4 provided with an inlet opening 2 and an outlet opening 3, through which the material to be dried is moved on loop paths 5.
  • the chamber 4 is divided into a heating zone 6 and a cooling zone 7 downstream of the heating zone 6.
  • the heating zone 6 is preceded by a discharge zone 8.
  • the material to be dried is heated by means of the heated circulating air.
  • the supply of circulating air via a tunnel system, which is usually installed in the ceiling area of the heating zone 6.
  • the recirculation of the circulating air via a tunnel system at the bottom of the heating zone 6.
  • the Ablpropzone 8 serves to withdraw the paint before entering the heating zone 6 solvent and water, so that they are not included in the drying of the top coat of paint.
  • the Ablpropzone enters the material to be dried immediately after leaving the Paint injection reservoir 9.
  • the transported on a conveyor chain in a continuous web is removed after leaving the chamber 4 in a placement area 10. Subsequently, the conveyor chain is again equipped with to be doped Good before it enters the paint spray device 9.
  • the repeated redirecting the material to be dried within the chamber 4 adversely affects the drying process.
  • the material to be heated cools in the reversal regions of the webs 5 in the heating zone 6 unintentionally, while the goods to be cooled in the reversal regions of the webs 5 in the cooling zone 7 unwanted rewarm several times.
  • the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 shown heating and cooling curves reflect this behavior.
  • a fundamental disadvantage in the use of such recirculating air dryer 1 it is also that the heat energy can not be targeted in the material to be dried can be introduced.
  • the heating curve is, if at all possible, only badly adjustable or adjustable. In particular, an adjustment of the holding time is usually not possible. If the hold time is adjustable, this setting is only very inaccurate possible.
  • the cooling is not controllable, so that the products have different temperatures after passing through the dryer.
  • the drying behavior of such a system is tuned in many cases only to a single product to be dried and thus unsatisfactory for all other products.
  • An adaptation of the dryer to different goods to be dried is either not possible or associated with a very high cost.
  • Such a conventional, circulating air-based thermal drying system is, for example, in DE 101 28 794 A1 described.
  • infrared drying systems are much better.
  • such systems which are also already known from the prior art, are provided in the heating zone infrared radiators for the targeted introduction of heat energy in the material to be dried or to achieve the required temperature in paint or paint carrier.
  • the heat supply depends strongly on the position of the infrared radiator, so that the material to be dried is usually not heated evenly.
  • the heat energy introduced there by means of the infrared radiator in the material to be dried is moved out of the heating zone due to the mass flow of the paint carrier through the dryer.
  • This undesirable heat transport which leads to an expansion or displacement of the heating zone, adversely affects the drying process, since the heating behavior of the material to be dried changes in an unpredictable manner.
  • a precise, tailored to the concrete material to be dried drying is therefore not possible even with such systems.
  • EP 1 681 102 A1 describes a drying process for paint layers, wherein in the Ablrangezone an infrared drying is provided. So that the paint surface is not is completely closed, a simultaneous air cooling is provided, which should keep the paint surfaces open, so that volatile components can be removed.
  • An object of the present invention is to improve the drying process in an infrared drying plant.
  • An essential idea of the invention is to provide an infrared drying plant with a scooping air device for generating an air mass flow, wherein the air mass flow runs counter to the dry matter mass flow.
  • scoop air eliminates various disadvantages of conventional infrared drying systems. In particular, this prevents the heat energy from migrating out of the heating zone into the cooling zone together with the mass flow of the material to be dried. Instead, the heat energy remains completely or in large part at the desired position in the heating zone, whereby an optimal heating process can be ensured.
  • the material to be dried has a high mass, ie it is, for example, very thick-walled glass objects, a large amount of heat energy is transported from the heating zone in the direction of the cooling zone due to the movement of the material to be dried through the channel.
  • an automatic control of the flow of air as a function of this heat transfer, the migration of heat towards the cooling zone, a correspondingly strong trained Schub Kunststoffstrom is opposed, which has the consequence that the heating zone held at its original, defined according to the material to be dried, optimal position becomes.
  • the scarfing air heated up in the heating zone also heats the scavenging zone at the same time.
  • An additional heat supply for the Ablluminazone may thus be omitted, depending on the system.
  • the items to be dried are good of low mass, eg. B. thin-walled glass objects, it is transported with the mass transport correspondingly less heat energy from the heating zone in the direction of the cooling zone.
  • the mass transport correspondingly less heat energy from the heating zone in the direction of the cooling zone.
  • the channel of the dryer according to the invention has, starting at the inlet opening in the passage direction seen one behind the other arranged on a Ablluminazone, a heating zone and a cooling zone.
  • the material to be dried is moved through, wherein it enters through an inlet opening into the channel and leaves the channel again through an outlet opening.
  • the movement of the material through the channel preferably takes place in one lane.
  • the objects to be dried are moved through the channel only one after the other and not side by side. This ensures that a uniform energy input occurs. This ensures a uniform final cross-linking and is especially important for products with uneven mass distribution.
  • drying of paint is understood not only drying in the conventional sense, but also the curing of the paint. This means that after passing through the drying plant all necessary chemical reactions should be completed.
  • the scarf air at any point behind the heating zone, as seen in the passage direction is introduced into the channel.
  • the air mass flow passes through the entire channel.
  • the intake of fresh air takes place at the channel outlet or in the immediate vicinity of the channel outlet and the outlet air outlet at the channel inlet or in the immediate vicinity of the channel inlet.
  • the cooling function of the scarf air in the cooling zone can act optimally, as well as the heating function of the scarf air in the heating zone and optionally in the Abl zone.
  • the exiting scoop air is returned to the intake of the blowing air. This can be done at the same time a cleaning and / or cooling of the air masses.
  • a cleaning and / or cooling of the air masses When controlling the temperature of the incoming scoop air, make sure that no tension or cooling cracks occur in the material to be dried.
  • a mixture of the recycled air masses with externally supplied air for example by means of a separate blower.
  • the flow of air which penetrates the channel in opposition to the mass flow, provided that it completely penetrates the heating zone, also prevents the ingress of moisture from the discharge zone into the heating zone. This is advantageous if it is to be prevented that moisture from the direction of the exhaust zone coming penetrates into the heating zone. If a minimum amount of moisture is required for the paint drying, this is preferably provided exclusively via the air mass flow to be introduced into the cooling zone. Thus, the amount of moisture can be controlled very easily and reliably.
  • the humidity of the scoop air moves in a predetermined range of values
  • Moistening is particularly advantageous when the paints to be dried are water-miscible paints comprising hydrophilic silanes.
  • an ultrasonic moisture fogging may occur be used to ensure the moisture content required in the cooling zone for a final cross-linking of the lacquer layer.
  • the drying or moistening of the scarf air can also be effected by other means which are known to the person skilled in the art and therefore need not be further explained at this point.
  • the channel in a modular manner, specifically such that at least the heating zone, but preferably also the exhaust zone and / or the cooling zone, consists of a number of channel segments.
  • the standardized segments which are preferably identical in their external form, can be lined up as desired and designed according to their function, that is to say they are provided with infrared radiators, for example in the case of a heating zone channel segment. It is advantageous if the cross-section of the tunnel-shaped channel is as small as possible, so that the energy emitted by the infrared radiators energy can be used efficiently, especially if the channel is well insulated.
  • a small cross section of the channel is not only advantageous because then the distance between the material to be dried and the infrared radiators can be kept low. With the smallest possible channel cross-section and thus a small volume of dryer less scarf air is needed, which minimizes the cost and the cost of Schubluftrgna.
  • the channel is open in a preferred embodiment of the invention downwards and stands on any expandable transport console, which is used to transport the goods to be dried by the drying plant.
  • Each channel segment has flange surfaces or similar fasteners.
  • the individual segments are isolated according to their function as a heating zone segment, Ablpassensegment or cooling zone segment, wherein the corresponding insulation is preferably disposed between an outer and an inner layer of the channel segment. Due to the small compared to the large chambers of conventional drying plant system volume dryer several inventive dryer can be operated in parallel without much effort, without the need for very large spaces.
  • All segments have standardized function openings, which serve as supply air or exhaust air openings or alternatively for the optional installation of functional elements. These may be, for example, infrared radiators, transducers or special elements such. B. elements for moistening the material to be dried.
  • the heating zone it is provided to temporarily increase the heat energy provided in the heating zone. This is preferably done by additionally provided infrared radiators are switched on.
  • the connection is preferably always when there is a short-term loss of energy in the material to be dried, which flows to the good heat energy applied through the paint into the interior of the object and for this reason the paint temperature is too low.
  • the performance of the heating zone can be arbitrarily adapted to the requirements of the good to be dried by the number of infrared radiators per channel segment can be increased.
  • the length of the heating zone can be adapted to the requirements by increasing the number of heating zone segments used.
  • a very significant advantage of the drying system according to the invention is that the duration of the holding time can be maintained very accurately. Since not only the position of the heating zone, but also their length can be set and precisely adjusted, the holding time can be precisely maintained.
  • the holding time can also be changed by adjusting the number of infrared radiators or the number of Schublufttexs just as precisely, so that the optimal hold time can be used for each paint system used. Overbake of the varnish due to an excessively long hold time can therefore be ruled out as well as a lack of final crosslinking due to a too short hold time.
  • the present invention it is therefore possible to respond flexibly to the most diverse paint systems with a single drying system and still achieve optimal drying in each case. This can be achieved in the simplest case, without the modular drying system must be rebuilt. If necessary, the number of channel segments used can also be varied in a particularly simple manner.
  • a drying system for any paint can be put together.
  • the system can be extended at any time and can therefore also be used for drying tasks that are currently not foreseeable. By parallel operation of several dryers, the drying capacity can be easily increased. Another advantage is that defective segments at any time without great effort can be exchanged. Development costs are incurred only once.
  • the material to be dried after leaving the discharge zone, reaches the heating zone heated to a certain final temperature.
  • the course of the heating curve is thus dependent solely on the mass of the goods.
  • the present invention allows for a relatively short and effective exhaust zone a longer, more targeted and a controllable heating process is followed, with the help of which it is possible to comply exactly with the drying specifications of the binder and additive manufacturers.
  • the invention provides the opportunity to leave the material to be dried in the heating zone until all chemical reactions are complete, without a "overburning" and a related quality defect must be accepted.
  • the drying system can be extended at a later date by additional channel segments with which new technologies can be implemented in the system. For example, it is possible to replace the infrared radiators used in the present case with radiators based on a different technology. Already today, the infrared radiators can be replaced by ultraviolet radiators, without, as the skilled artisan recognizes, something to the basic principle of the invention changes. In this case, the drying system could be used for Drying of paints are used, which contain UV-reactive substances in the paint formulation.
  • the drying installation according to the invention is used in a painting system in combination with a paint spray system, then preferably not only the filling and emptying of the painting system can be designed variably by the use of corresponding module units.
  • the spray system is preferably composed of several spray equipment segments.
  • the amount of paint passing the product into the filter system can be significantly reduced by having the spray unit move in the direction of movement of the material to be painted for receiving a number of spray guns.
  • the fact that the automatic sprayers move with the objects to be painted, the overspray can be reduced to 40 percent or less. Thus, less costs for the paint disposal.
  • the spray guns move preferably at the same speed as the product to be painted.
  • mitbeezede sprayers have not yet been used because the application of the paint due to the relatively high throughput speed of the objects to be painted was too inaccurate and the comparatively high quality requirements of the cosmetics sector can not be met.
  • the present invention which allows a particularly slow drying process, the throughput speed can be reduced so that moving sprinklers can be used without loss of quality.
  • a painting system 100 with a paint spraying system 19 and a drying system 11 downstream of the paint spraying installation 19 for drying water-miscible organic paints as described in US Pat Fig. 4 shown.
  • the proposed dryer concept also applicable to non-water-mixable coatings, eg. B. for the drying of solvent-based paints.
  • the dryer concept is also suitable for drying non-organic paints, although the requirements for the uniformity of the final cross-linking are less high in these paints.
  • the articles to be painted in this case glass containers 20, for example glass bottles or glass jars, are placed on a spindle in an assembly area 10 with the aid of an automatic handling device (not shown) with the filling opening facing downwards.
  • the spindles are mounted on a conveyor chain 21 at a distance of about 7 cm and rotatably supported.
  • the conveyor chain 21 conveys the glass container 20 into the spray booth 22, which is symbolized by an arrow 23 symbols integrated supply and exhaust air system features. Without interrupting the conveying movement 24, the spindles are rotated and passed past at least three automatic spray guns 25.
  • the spray booth 22 has, as in Fig. 6
  • the spray guns of the machines 25 move at the same speed as the glass container to be painted 20.
  • a second, identical to the first station 26 station 26 is delayed in the Changeover operated with the first station, so that a continuous painting operation is ensured.
  • the dryer 11 comprises a continuous, formed in the manner of a tunnel channel 14 with a small cross section through which the material to be dried 20 is moved through.
  • the channel 14 has an inlet opening 12 at its end connected to the spray booth 22 and an outlet opening 13 at its opposite end.
  • the glass containers 20 are individually passed through the channel 14 on a single track 15, with the spindles rotating with the glass containers 20 held thereon for the entire time.
  • the channel 14 is formed of a number of channel segments, which are not shown individually for the sake of clarity. It has, starting at the inlet opening 12, viewed in the passage direction arranged one behind the other, a discharge zone 18, a heating zone 16 and a cooling zone 17.
  • the length of the zones is composed of the required number of channel segments, in each case matching the paint to be dried as well as fitting to the glass containers 20 which carry the paint.
  • the drying and hardening of the lacquer layer takes place in the heating zone 16 adjoining the ventilation zone 18.
  • This is formed from channel segments provided with infrared radiators 28.
  • the paint is heated by the heat energy emitted by the infrared radiators 28.
  • additional infrared radiators are switched on briefly when the paint temperature measured with the aid of a surface temperature sensor falls below the value preset for the respective position in the heating zone 16, for example 180 ° C., or this value is not achieved despite the use of the infrared radiators 28 commonly used.
  • a scarfing device 29 generates an air mass flow 27 in the channel 14, wherein the air mass flow 27 moves counter to the direction 30 of the mass flow of the material to be dried, ie counter to the passage or conveying direction.
  • the scarfing device 29 comprises for this purpose one or more Blower and heat exchanger systems and corresponding connecting elements (not shown), which are familiar to the expert in their selection and arrangement.
  • the scarfing device 29 also includes a control device (not shown) for the automatic control of the scarfing air 27 in response to the heat transport within the channel 14 from the heating zone 16 in the direction of cooling zone 17.
  • a control device for the automatic control of the scarfing air 27 in response to the heat transport within the channel 14 from the heating zone 16 in the direction of cooling zone 17.
  • These are within the channel 14, preferably via the heating zone 16 and Cooling zone 17 distributed, temperature sensors arranged, which detect the surface temperature of the glass container 20 moved through the channel 14.
  • the sensors used are usually optical sensors which determine the surface temperature based on the color.
  • the introduction of scoop air 27 into the channel 14 is automatically controlled.
  • the control comprises primarily the amount of the shingle air 27 to be provided, but may also relate to properties of the shingle air 27, for example the temperature or the humidity of the shingle air 27. All control or regulating elements of the system are in this case via a standardized data bus with a central computer (not shown) connected.
  • the scarfing air 27 enters the cooling zone 17 at the channel outlet opening 13 or in the vicinity of the outlet opening 13, moves through the cooling zone 17 into the heating zone 16 and thus acts in an undesired transport of heat from the heating zone 16 in connection with the mass transport the cooling zone 17 against.
  • the scarf air 27 in the cooling zone 17 serves to cool the glass containers 20.
  • the coldest scarf air 27 occurs near the scum air inlet 32 on the already most strongly cooled glass container 20. If the scarf air 27 penetrates too far in the direction of the heating zone 16, so that the danger If there is an undesirable cooling of the heating zone 16, the supply of scarf air is throttled or the temperature of the scoop air introduced into the channel is increased.
  • the scarf air 27 moves through the entire heating zone 16 and, as already described above, enters the scavenging zone 18. From the exhaust zone 18, the scarf air is removed at the scarf air outlet 33, checked for moisture by means of a measuring probe, optionally dried and / or cooled and at least partially fed back to the dryer 11 at the Schublufteintritt. All means and methods required for this purpose are known in the art and therefore need no further explanation at this point.
  • an ultrasonic nebulizer 31 is arranged, which saturates the paint surface by emitting water vapor, whereby the reaction of the adhesion promoter is completed.
  • additional evaporation cooling is generated, which contributes to the cooling of the glass container 20. Due to the particularly effective cooling, it is possible, the painted glass container 20 immediately after drying after the removal of the spindles in the assembly area 10 in deep-drawn parts made of plastic film, without these deform due to high temperatures of the glass container 20. While in the systems known from the prior art, the objects coming from the cooling zone usually have a temperature of more than 60 ° C, with the present invention end temperatures of about 30 ° C at the exit of the cooling zone 18 can be achieved.
  • FIG Fig. 7 A typical heating curve during this venting or drying phase is in FIG Fig. 7 shown. In about 2 minutes, a heating of 20 ° C to about 100 ° C takes place. At this temperature, the water escapes from the paint, so that the drying can be started.
  • a typical heating curve is in Fig. 8 , a typical cooling curve in Fig. 9 shown.
  • heating from 100 ° C. to about 180 ° C. or cooling to about 30 ° C. takes place.
  • the direct comparison with the in FIGS. 2 and 3 shown curves shows the much more accurate compliance with an optimal heating and cooling process in the dryer according to the invention 11. Both the heating, and the cooling takes place very evenly, which can be seen in the steady curves.
  • the holding time that is, the length of time during which the paint a temperature of here z. B. is exposed to at least 150 ° C, can be maintained exactly. If other articles are dried, the holding time can be varied, both in terms of their length, as well as in terms of minimum temperature.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine kontinuierlich arbeitende Infrarot-Trocknungsanlage, insbesondere zum Trocknen von wassermischbaren Lacken auf Glasobjekten. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Trocknungsanlage. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Lackiersystem mit einer solchen Trocknungsanlage.The invention relates to a continuously operating infrared drying plant, in particular for drying water-miscible lacquers on glass objects. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for operating such a drying plant. Moreover, the invention relates to a painting system with such a drying plant.

Zum Trocknen von wassermischbaren Lacken auf Glasobjekten werden zumeist auf Umluft basierende thermische Trocknungssysteme 1 eingesetzt, siehe Fig. 1. Diese Systeme sind entweder gasbeheizt oder elektrisch beheizt. Sie weisen üblicherweise eine mit einer Eintrittsöffnung 2 und einer Austrittsöffnung 3 versehene Kammer 4 auf, durch die das zu trocknende Gut auf Schleifenbahnen 5 hindurchbewegt wird. Die Kammer 4 ist in eine Heizzone 6 sowie eine der Heizzone 6 nachgelagerte Kühlzone 7 unterteilt. Der Heizzone 6 ist eine Ablüftzone 8 vorgelagert. In der Heizzone 6 wird das zu trocknende Gut mit Hilfe der aufgeheizten Umluft erwärmt. Die Zufuhr der Umluft erfolgt über ein Tunnelsystem, welches zumeist in dem Deckenbereich der Heizzone 6 installiert ist. Die Rückführung der Umluft erfolgt über ein Tunnelsystem am Boden der Heizzone 6. In der Kühlzone 7 wird das aus der Heizzone 6 kommende Gut wieder heruntergekühlt. Die Ablüftzone 8 dient dazu, dem Lack vor Eintritt in die Heizzone 6 Lösemittel und Wasser zu entziehen, damit diese bei dem Abtrocknen der obersten Lackschicht nicht eingeschlossen werden. In die Ablüftzone tritt das zu trocknende Gut unmittelbar nach Verlassen der Lackspritzvorr,ichtung 9 ein. Das auf einer Förderkette in einer Endlosbahn transportierte Gut wird nach dem Verlassen der Kammer 4 in einem Bestückungsbereich 10 abgenommen. Anschließend wird die Förderkette wieder mit zu lackierendem Gut bestückt, bevor sie in die Lackspritzvorrichtung 9 einfährt.For drying of water-miscible lacquers on glass objects, circulating air-based thermal drying systems 1 are mostly used, see Fig. 1 , These systems are either gas heated or electrically heated. They usually have a chamber 4 provided with an inlet opening 2 and an outlet opening 3, through which the material to be dried is moved on loop paths 5. The chamber 4 is divided into a heating zone 6 and a cooling zone 7 downstream of the heating zone 6. The heating zone 6 is preceded by a discharge zone 8. In the heating zone 6, the material to be dried is heated by means of the heated circulating air. The supply of circulating air via a tunnel system, which is usually installed in the ceiling area of the heating zone 6. The recirculation of the circulating air via a tunnel system at the bottom of the heating zone 6. In the cooling zone 7, the coming of the heating zone 6 is cooled down again. The Ablüftzone 8 serves to withdraw the paint before entering the heating zone 6 solvent and water, so that they are not included in the drying of the top coat of paint. In the Ablüftzone enters the material to be dried immediately after leaving the Paint injection reservoir 9. The transported on a conveyor chain in a continuous web is removed after leaving the chamber 4 in a placement area 10. Subsequently, the conveyor chain is again equipped with to be doped Good before it enters the paint spray device 9.

Das mehrmalige Umleiten des zu trocknenden Gutes innerhalb der Kammer 4 wirkt sich jedoch nachteilig auf den Trocknungsprozeß aus. So kühlt sich das aufzuheizende Gut in den Umkehrbereichen der Bahnen 5 in der Heizzone 6 ungewollt ab, während sich das abzukühlende Gut in den Umkehrbereichen der Bahnen 5 in der Kühlzone 7 ungewollt mehrmals rückerwärmt. Die in den Fig. 2 und 3 dargestellten Aufheiz- und Abkühlkurven spiegeln dieses Verhalten wider. Ein grundsätzlicher Nachteil bei der Verwendung derartiger Umlufttrockner 1 ist es zudem, daß die Wärmeenergie nicht zielgerichtet in das zu trocknende Gut eingebracht werden kann. Die Aufheizkurve ist, sofern überhaupt möglich, nur schlecht einstellbar bzw. regelbar. Insbesondere ist eine Einstellung der Haltezeit zumeist nicht möglich. Sofern die Haltezeit einstellbar ist, ist diese Einstellung nur sehr ungenau möglich. Ebenso ist die Kühlung nicht regelbar, so daß die Produkte nach dem Durchlaufen des Trockners unterschiedliche Temperaturen aufweisen. Insgesamt ist das Trocknungsverhalten einer solchen Anlage in vielen Fällen nur auf ein einziges zu trocknenden Produkt abgestimmt und damit für alle anderen Produkte ungenügend. Eine Anpassung des Trockners an unterschiedliche zu trocknenden Güter ist entweder nicht möglich oder aber mit einem sehr hohen Aufwand verbunden.The repeated redirecting the material to be dried within the chamber 4, however, adversely affects the drying process. Thus, the material to be heated cools in the reversal regions of the webs 5 in the heating zone 6 unintentionally, while the goods to be cooled in the reversal regions of the webs 5 in the cooling zone 7 unwanted rewarm several times. The in the FIGS. 2 and 3 shown heating and cooling curves reflect this behavior. A fundamental disadvantage in the use of such recirculating air dryer 1, it is also that the heat energy can not be targeted in the material to be dried can be introduced. The heating curve is, if at all possible, only badly adjustable or adjustable. In particular, an adjustment of the holding time is usually not possible. If the hold time is adjustable, this setting is only very inaccurate possible. Likewise, the cooling is not controllable, so that the products have different temperatures after passing through the dryer. Overall, the drying behavior of such a system is tuned in many cases only to a single product to be dried and thus unsatisfactory for all other products. An adaptation of the dryer to different goods to be dried is either not possible or associated with a very high cost.

Ein solches herkömmliches, auf Umluft basierendes thermisches Trocknungssystem ist beispielsweise in DE 101 28 794 A1 beschrieben.Such a conventional, circulating air-based thermal drying system is, for example, in DE 101 28 794 A1 described.

Für ein zielgerichtetes Einbringen von Wärme eignen sich Infrarot-Trocknungssysteme sehr viel besser. Bei derartigen Systemen, die ebenfalls bereits aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt sind, sind in der Heizzone Infrarotstrahler zum gezielten Einbringen von Wärmeenergie in das zu trocknende Gut bzw. zum Erreichen der benötigten Temperatur in Lack bzw. Lackträger vorgesehen. Bei den bekannten Infrarot-Trocknungssystemen ist es jedoch von Nachteil, daß die Wärmezufuhr stark von der Position der Infrarotstrahler abhängt, so daß das zu trocknende Gut meist nicht gleichmäßig aufgeheizt wird. Darüber hinaus wird die dort mit Hilfe der Infrarotstrahler in das zu trocknende Gut eingebrachte Wärmeenergie aufgrund des Massestromes der Lackträger durch den Trockner hindurch aus der Heizzone herausbewegt. Dieser unerwünschte Wärmetransport, der zu einer Ausweitung bzw. Verschiebung der Heizzone führt, wirkt sich nachteilig auf den Trocknungsvorgang aus, da sich das Aufheizverhalten des zu trocknenden Gutes in nicht vorhersehbarer Weise ändert. Eine präzise, auf das konkrete zu trocknende Gut abgestimmte Trocknung ist daher auch bei solchen Anlagen nicht möglich.For a targeted introduction of heat, infrared drying systems are much better. In such systems, which are also already known from the prior art, are provided in the heating zone infrared radiators for the targeted introduction of heat energy in the material to be dried or to achieve the required temperature in paint or paint carrier. However, in the known infrared drying systems, it is disadvantageous that the heat supply depends strongly on the position of the infrared radiator, so that the material to be dried is usually not heated evenly. In addition, the heat energy introduced there by means of the infrared radiator in the material to be dried is moved out of the heating zone due to the mass flow of the paint carrier through the dryer. This undesirable heat transport, which leads to an expansion or displacement of the heating zone, adversely affects the drying process, since the heating behavior of the material to be dried changes in an unpredictable manner. A precise, tailored to the concrete material to be dried drying is therefore not possible even with such systems.

Eine auf Lufttrocknung beruhende Trocknungsanlage nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, bei der nach Bedarf, nämlich in Abhängigkeit von der benötigten Trocknungstemperatur, Infrarotstrahler zugeschaltet werden können, ist in JP 2000 084464 A beschrieben.A drying plant based on air drying according to the preamble of claim 1, in which, as required, namely depending on the required drying temperature, infrared radiators can be switched, is in JP 2000 084464 A described.

EP 1 681 102 A1 beschreibt ein Trocknungsverfahren für Lackschichten, wobei in der Ablüftzone eine Infrarottrocknung vorgesehen ist. Damit die Lackoberfläche dabei nicht vollständig geschlossen wird, ist eine gleichzeitige Luftkühlung vorgesehen, welche die Lackoberflächen offen halten soll, damit sich flüchtige Bestandteile entfernen können. EP 1 681 102 A1 describes a drying process for paint layers, wherein in the Ablüftzone an infrared drying is provided. So that the paint surface is not is completely closed, a simultaneous air cooling is provided, which should keep the paint surfaces open, so that volatile components can be removed.

Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, den Trocknungsvorgang in einer Infrarot-Trocknungsanlage zu verbessern.An object of the present invention is to improve the drying process in an infrared drying plant.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Trocknungsanlage nach Anspruch 1, ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Trocknungsanlage nach Anspruch 5 bzw. ein Lackiersystem nach Anspruch 6 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a drying installation according to claim 1, a method for operating a drying installation according to claim 5 or a painting system according to claim 6. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die im folgenden im Zusammenhang mit der Trocknungsanlage bzw. dem Lackiersystem erläuterten Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen gelten sinngemäß auch für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und umgekehrt.The advantages explained below in connection with the drying plant or the painting system and Embodiments apply mutatis mutandis to the inventive method and vice versa.

Eine Kernidee der Erfindung ist es, eine Infrarot-Trocknungsanlage mit einer Schubluftvorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Luftmassenstromes zu versehen, wobei der Luftmassenstrom entgegengerichtet zu dem Trockengutmassestrom verläuft. Indem Teilaspekte der Arbeitsweise herkömmlicher Umlufttrockner auf den Betrieb einer Infrarot-Trocknungsanlage übertragen werden, können die Vorteile beider Trocknungsarten miteinander verknüpft werden.An essential idea of the invention is to provide an infrared drying plant with a scooping air device for generating an air mass flow, wherein the air mass flow runs counter to the dry matter mass flow. By transferring aspects of the operation of conventional circulating air dryers to the operation of an infrared drying plant, the advantages of both types of drying can be linked together.

Zugleich werden durch den Einsatz der Schubluft verschiedene Nachteile herkömmlicher Infrarot-Trocknungsanlagen beseitigt. Insbesondere wird damit verhindert, daß die Wärmeenergie zusammen mit dem Massestrom des zu trocknenden Gutes aus der Heizzone in die Kühlzone abwandert. Statt dessen verbleibt die Wärmeenergie vollständig oder zu einem Großteil an der gewünschten Position in der Heizzone, wodurch ein optimaler Aufheizvorgang gewährleistet werden kann.At the same time, the use of scoop air eliminates various disadvantages of conventional infrared drying systems. In particular, this prevents the heat energy from migrating out of the heating zone into the cooling zone together with the mass flow of the material to be dried. Instead, the heat energy remains completely or in large part at the desired position in the heating zone, whereby an optimal heating process can be ensured.

Durch den Einsatz der sich vorzugsweise bereits in der Kühlzone aufheizenden und während des Durchtritts durch die Heizzone weiter aufheizenden Schubluft kommt es in der Heizzone daher zu einer Kombination von Infrarot-Trocknung durch Strahlungswärme einerseits und einer Warmlufttrocknung, wie aus herkömmlichen Umluftsystemen bekannt, andererseits.Through the use of preferably already heated in the cooling zone and during the passage through the heating zone further heating scoop occurs in the heating zone, therefore, a combination of infrared drying by radiant heat on the one hand and a hot air drying, as known from conventional recirculation systems, on the other.

Weist das zu trocknende Gut eine hohe Masse auf, handelt es sich also beispielsweise um sehr dickwandige Glasobjekte, so wird aufgrund der Bewegung des zu trocknenden Gutes durch den Kanal eine große Menge Wärmeenergie von der Heizzone in Richtung der Kühlzone transportiert. Erfolgt nun erfindungsgemäß eine automatische Regelung der Schubluft in Abhängigkeit von diesem Wärmetransport, so wird dem Abwandern der Wärme in Richtung Kühlzone ein entsprechend stark ausgebildeter Schubluftstrom entgegengesetzt, der zur Folge hat, daß die Heizzone an ihrer ursprünglichen, entsprechend dem zu trocknenden Gut definierten, optimalen Position gehalten wird.If the material to be dried has a high mass, ie it is, for example, very thick-walled glass objects, a large amount of heat energy is transported from the heating zone in the direction of the cooling zone due to the movement of the material to be dried through the channel. Now it is done According to the invention an automatic control of the flow of air as a function of this heat transfer, the migration of heat towards the cooling zone, a correspondingly strong trained Schubluftstrom is opposed, which has the consequence that the heating zone held at its original, defined according to the material to be dried, optimal position becomes.

Bewegt sich die Schubluft durch die gesamte Heizzone hindurch und tritt sie auch in die Ablüftzone ein, wird mit der sich in der Heizzone aufgeheizten Schubluft zugleich auch die Ablüftzone beheizt. Eine zusätzliche Wärmezufuhr für die Ablüftzone kann damit, je nach Anlage, gegebenenfalls entfallen.If the scarf air moves through the entire heating zone and also enters the scavenging zone, the scarfing air heated up in the heating zone also heats the scavenging zone at the same time. An additional heat supply for the Ablüftzone may thus be omitted, depending on the system.

Wird die Schubluft so in den Kanal eingeführt, daß sie auch die Kühlzone vollständig oder teilweise durchdringt, erfolgt zugleich auch eine automatische Regelung der Kühlleistung. Wird also viel Masse aufgeheizt und daher viel Schubluft eingesetzt, so bedeutet dies zugleich auch eine starke Kühlung der die Heizzone verlassenden Massen.If the scarf air is introduced into the channel in such a way that it also completely or partially penetrates the cooling zone, an automatic regulation of the cooling capacity takes place at the same time. So if a lot of mass heated and therefore used a lot of scarf, so this means at the same time also a strong cooling of the heating zone leaving masses.

Handelt es sich bei den zu trocknenden Gegenständen hingegen um Gut geringer Masse, z. B. dünnwandige Glasobjekte, so wird mit dem Massetransport entsprechend weniger Wärmeenergie aus der Heizzone in Richtung Kühlzone transportiert. Zugleich besteht auch ein geringerer Kühlbedarf. Es muß daher auch weniger Schubluft bereitgestellt werden, nämlich nur soviel, um die Heizzone in Position zu halten, eine ausreichende Kühlung in der Kühlzone sicherzustellen und gegebenenfalls die Ablüftzone mitzubeheizen.On the other hand, if the items to be dried are good of low mass, eg. B. thin-walled glass objects, it is transported with the mass transport correspondingly less heat energy from the heating zone in the direction of the cooling zone. At the same time, there is also a lower need for cooling. It must therefore be provided less scarfing air, namely only so much to keep the heating zone in position, to ensure sufficient cooling in the cooling zone and, where appropriate mitzubeheizen the Ablüftzone.

Der Kanal des erfindungsgemäßen Trockners weist beginnend bei der Eintrittsöffnung in Durchgangsrichtung gesehen hintereinander angeordnet eine Ablüftzone, eine Heizzone und eine Kühlzone auf. Durch den durchgehenden Kanal wird das zu trocknende Gut hindurchbewegt, wobei es durch eine Eintrittsöffnung in den Kanal eintritt und durch eine Austrittsöffnung den Kanal wieder verläßt. Die Bewegung des Gutes durch den Kanal hindurch erfolgt vorzugsweise einbahnig. Mit anderen Worten werden die zu trocknenden Objekte ausschließlich einzeln hintereinander und nicht nebeneinander durch den Kanal hindurchbewegt. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß ein gleichmäßiger Energieeintrag erfolgt. Dies sichert eine gleichmäßige Endvernetzung und ist vor allem bei Produkten mit ungleichmäßiger Masseverteilung von Bedeutung.The channel of the dryer according to the invention has, starting at the inlet opening in the passage direction seen one behind the other arranged on a Ablüftzone, a heating zone and a cooling zone. Through the continuous channel, the material to be dried is moved through, wherein it enters through an inlet opening into the channel and leaves the channel again through an outlet opening. The movement of the material through the channel preferably takes place in one lane. In other words, the objects to be dried are moved through the channel only one after the other and not side by side. This ensures that a uniform energy input occurs. This ensures a uniform final cross-linking and is especially important for products with uneven mass distribution.

Unter dem Begriff "Trocknen von Lack" wird dabei nicht nur das Trocknen im herkömmlichen Sinne, sondern auch das Aushärten des Lackes verstanden. Das bedeutet, daß nach dem Durchlaufen der Trocknungsanlage alle hierfür erforderlichen chemischen Reaktionen abgeschlossen sein sollen.The term "drying of paint" is understood not only drying in the conventional sense, but also the curing of the paint. This means that after passing through the drying plant all necessary chemical reactions should be completed.

Es ist grundsätzlich möglich, daß die Schubluft an einer beliebigen Stelle hinter der Heizzone, in Durchgangsrichtung gesehen, in den Kanal eingeführt wird. Vorzugsweise durchläuft der Luftmassenstrom jedoch den gesamten Kanal. Mit anderen Worten findet der Schublufteintritt am Kanalaustritt oder in unmittelbarer Nähe zu dem Kanalaustritt und der Schubluftaustritt am Kanaleintritt oder in unmittelbarer Nähe des Kanaleintritts statt. In diesem Fall kann die Kühlfunktion der Schubluft in der Kühlzone optimal wirken, ebenso wie die Heizfunktion der Schubluft in der Heizzone und gegebenenfalls in der Ablüftzone.It is basically possible that the scarf air at any point behind the heating zone, as seen in the passage direction, is introduced into the channel. Preferably, however, the air mass flow passes through the entire channel. In other words, the intake of fresh air takes place at the channel outlet or in the immediate vicinity of the channel outlet and the outlet air outlet at the channel inlet or in the immediate vicinity of the channel inlet. In this case, the cooling function of the scarf air in the cooling zone can act optimally, as well as the heating function of the scarf air in the heating zone and optionally in the Ablüftzone.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, wenn die austretende Schubluft zum Schublufteintritt zurückgeführt wird. Hierbei kann gleichzeitig eine Reinigung und/oder Kühlung der Luftmassen erfolgen. Bei der Regelung der Temperatur der eintretenden Schubluft ist darauf zu achten, daß keine Spannungs- oder Kühlrisse im zu trocknenden Gut entstehen. Zu diesem Zweck erfolgt vorzugsweise eine Mischung der rückgeführten Luftmassen mit von außen zugeführter Luft, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines separaten Gebläses.It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the exiting scoop air is returned to the intake of the blowing air. This can be done at the same time a cleaning and / or cooling of the air masses. When controlling the temperature of the incoming scoop air, make sure that no tension or cooling cracks occur in the material to be dried. For this purpose, preferably a mixture of the recycled air masses with externally supplied air, for example by means of a separate blower.

Die entgegen dem Massenstrom den Kanal durchdringende Schubluft verhindert, sofern sie die Heizzone vollständig durchdringt, auch ein Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit aus der Ablüftzone in die Heizzone. Dies ist von Vorteil, wenn verhindert werden soll, daß Feuchtigkeit aus Richtung der Ablüftzone kommend in die Heizzone eindringt. Sofern ein Mindestmaß an Feuchtigkeit für die Lacktrocknung benötigt wird, wird dieses vorzugsweise ausschließlich über den in die Kühlzone einzubringenden Luftmassenstrom bereitgestellt. Damit kann die Feuchtigkeitsmenge besonders einfach und zuverlässig geregelt werden.The flow of air which penetrates the channel in opposition to the mass flow, provided that it completely penetrates the heating zone, also prevents the ingress of moisture from the discharge zone into the heating zone. This is advantageous if it is to be prevented that moisture from the direction of the exhaust zone coming penetrates into the heating zone. If a minimum amount of moisture is required for the paint drying, this is preferably provided exclusively via the air mass flow to be introduced into the cooling zone. Thus, the amount of moisture can be controlled very easily and reliably.

Ist es im Zusammenhang mit einer optimalen Lacktrocknung vorteilhaft, wenn sich die Luftfeuchtigkeit der Schubluft in einem vorgegebenen Wertebereich bewegt, so kann es in einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, die als Schubluft in den Kanal eingeführten Luftmassen zuvor zu trocknen bzw. zu befeuchten. Eine Befeuchtung ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn es sich bei den zu trocknenden Lacken um wassermischbare Lacke handelt, die hydrophile Silane umfassen. In diesem Fall kann in Kombination mit der Zugabe der Schubluft eine UltraschallFeuchtigkeitsvernebelung verwendet werden, um den für eine Endvernetzung der Lackschicht erforderlichen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt in der Kühlzone zu gewährleisten. Die Trocknung oder Befeuchtung der Schubluft kann aber auch mit anderen Mitteln erfolgen, die dem Fachmann bekannt sind und daher an dieser Stelle keiner weitergehenden Erläuterung bedürfen.Is it advantageous in connection with an optimal paint drying, when the humidity of the scoop air moves in a predetermined range of values, it may be provided in an embodiment of the invention to dry or humidify the air masses introduced as a scoop air in the channel. Moistening is particularly advantageous when the paints to be dried are water-miscible paints comprising hydrophilic silanes. In this case, in combination with the addition of the scoop air, an ultrasonic moisture fogging may occur be used to ensure the moisture content required in the cooling zone for a final cross-linking of the lacquer layer. However, the drying or moistening of the scarf air can also be effected by other means which are known to the person skilled in the art and therefore need not be further explained at this point.

Eine weitere grundlegende Idee der Erfindung ist es, den Kanal modular aufzubauen und zwar derart, daß zumindest die Heizzone, vorzugsweise aber auch die Ablüftzone und/oder die Kühlzone aus einer Anzahl von Kanalsegmenten besteht. Die vorzugsweise in ihrer äußeren Form identischen, genormten Segmente sind beliebig aneinanderreihbar und entsprechend ihrer Funktion ausgebildet, das heißt beispielsweise im Fall eines Heizzonenkanalsegments mit Infrarotstrahlern versehen. Es ist von Vorteil, wenn der Querschnitt des tunnelförmig aufgebauten Kanals möglichst gering ist, so daß die von den Infrarotstrahlern abgegebene Energie effizient genutzt werden kann, besonders wenn der Kanal gut wärmeisoliert ist. Ein geringer Querschnitt des Kanals ist jedoch nicht nur deshalb von Vorteil, weil dann die Entfernung zwischen dem zu trocknenden Gut und den Infrarotstrahlern gering gehalten werden kann. Bei einem möglichst geringen Kanalquerschnitt und damit einem kleinen Trocknervolumen wird auch weniger Schubluft benötigt, was den Aufwand und die Kosten der Schubluftbereitstellung minimiert.Another basic idea of the invention is to construct the channel in a modular manner, specifically such that at least the heating zone, but preferably also the exhaust zone and / or the cooling zone, consists of a number of channel segments. The standardized segments, which are preferably identical in their external form, can be lined up as desired and designed according to their function, that is to say they are provided with infrared radiators, for example in the case of a heating zone channel segment. It is advantageous if the cross-section of the tunnel-shaped channel is as small as possible, so that the energy emitted by the infrared radiators energy can be used efficiently, especially if the channel is well insulated. However, a small cross section of the channel is not only advantageous because then the distance between the material to be dried and the infrared radiators can be kept low. With the smallest possible channel cross-section and thus a small volume of dryer less scarf air is needed, which minimizes the cost and the cost of Schubluftbereitstellung.

Der Kanal ist in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung nach unten geöffnet und steht auf einer beliebigen erweiterbaren Transportkonsole, die der Beförderung des zu trocknenden Gutes durch die Trocknungsanlage dient.The channel is open in a preferred embodiment of the invention downwards and stands on any expandable transport console, which is used to transport the goods to be dried by the drying plant.

Jedes Kanalsegment verfügt über Flanschflächen oder ähnliche Befestigungselemente. Die einzelnen Segmente sind entsprechend ihrer Funktion als Heizzonensegment, Ablüftzonensegment oder Kühlzonensegment isoliert, wobei die entsprechende Isolierung vorzugsweise zwischen einer Außen- und eine Innenschicht des Kanalsegments angeordnet ist. Aufgrund des im Vergleich zu den großen Kammern herkömmlicher Trocknungsanlagen kleinen Anlagenvolumens können ohne großen Aufwand auch mehrere erfindungsgemäße Trockner parallel betrieben werden, ohne daß es dazu sehr großer Räume bedarf.Each channel segment has flange surfaces or similar fasteners. The individual segments are isolated according to their function as a heating zone segment, Ablüftzonensegment or cooling zone segment, wherein the corresponding insulation is preferably disposed between an outer and an inner layer of the channel segment. Due to the small compared to the large chambers of conventional drying plant system volume dryer several inventive dryer can be operated in parallel without much effort, without the need for very large spaces.

Alle Segmente verfügen über standardisierte Funktionsöffnungen, die als Zuluft- oder Abluftöffnungen oder aber zum wahlweisen Einbau von Funktionselementen dienen. Dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um Infrarotstrahler, Meßaufnehmer oder Sonderelemente handeln, wie z. B. Elemente zur Befeuchtung des zu trocknenden Gutes.All segments have standardized function openings, which serve as supply air or exhaust air openings or alternatively for the optional installation of functional elements. These may be, for example, infrared radiators, transducers or special elements such. B. elements for moistening the material to be dried.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, die in der Heizzone bereitgestellte Wärmeenergie zeitweilig zu erhöhen. Dies erfolgt vorzugsweise dadurch, daß zusätzlich vorgesehene Infrarotstrahler zugeschaltet werden. Die Zuschaltung erfolgt vorzugsweise immer dann, wenn es zu einem kurzfristigen Energieverlust im zu trocknenden Gut kommt, die auf das Gut aufgebrachte Wärmeenergie also durch den Lack hindurch in das Innere des Objektes strömt und aus diesem Grund die Lacktemperatur zu niedrig ist. Unabhängig davon kann die Leistung der Heizzone beliebig an die Anforderungen des zu trocknenden Gute angepaßt werden, indem die Anzahl der Infrarotstrahler pro Kanalsegment erhöht werden. Gleichzeitig kann auch die Länge der Heizzone den Anforderungen angepaßt werden, indem die Anzahl der verwendeten Heizzonensegmente vergrößert wird.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided to temporarily increase the heat energy provided in the heating zone. This is preferably done by additionally provided infrared radiators are switched on. The connection is preferably always when there is a short-term loss of energy in the material to be dried, which flows to the good heat energy applied through the paint into the interior of the object and for this reason the paint temperature is too low. Regardless, the performance of the heating zone can be arbitrarily adapted to the requirements of the good to be dried by the number of infrared radiators per channel segment can be increased. At the same time, the length of the heating zone can be adapted to the requirements by increasing the number of heating zone segments used.

Ein ganz wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Trocknungsanlage ist es, daß die Dauer der Haltezeit sehr genau eingehalten werden kann. Da nicht nur die Position der Heizzone, sondern auch deren Länge festgelegt und genau eingestellt werden kann, kann die Haltezeit präzise eingehalten werden. Die Haltezeit kann durch Anpassung der Anzahl der Infrarotstrahler bzw. der Anzahl der Heizzonensegmente in dem erfindungsgemäßen Trockner auch verändert und auf einem anderen Niveau mit Hilfe des Schubluftprinzips ebenso präzise eingestellt werden, so daß für jedes verwendete Lacksystem die optimale Haltezeit zum Einsatz kommen kann. Ein Überbrennen des Lacks durch eine zu lange Haltezeit kann daher ebenso ausgeschlossen werden, wie eine fehlende Endvernetzung durch eine zu kurze Haltezeit. Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher möglich, mit einer einzigen Trocknungsanlage flexibel auf die verschiedensten Lacksysteme einzugehen und dennoch in jedem Fall eine optimale Trocknung zu erreichen. Dies kann im einfachsten Fall erreicht werden, ohne daß die modular aufgebaute Trocknungsanlage umgebaut werden muß. Erforderlichenfalls kann die Anzahl der eingesetzten Kanalsegmente aber auch auf besonders einfache Art und Weise variiert werden. So kann beispielsweise mit Hilfe von fünf Heizmodulen, fünf Kühlmodulen und fünf Ablüftmodulen, entsprechend den Anforderungen der Trocknung zusammengesetzt, schnell und preiswert eine Trocknungsanlage für jeden beliebigen Lack zusammengestellt werden. Die Anlage ist jederzeit erweiterbar und daher auch für derzeit noch nicht absehbare Trocknungsaufgaben einsetzbar. Durch einen Parallelbetrieb mehrerer Trockner kann die Trocknungskapazität auf einfach Weise erhöht werden. Von Vorteil ist weiterhin, daß defekte Segmente jederzeit ohne großen Aufwand ausgetauscht werden können. Entwicklungskosten fallen nur einmal an.A very significant advantage of the drying system according to the invention is that the duration of the holding time can be maintained very accurately. Since not only the position of the heating zone, but also their length can be set and precisely adjusted, the holding time can be precisely maintained. The holding time can also be changed by adjusting the number of infrared radiators or the number of Heizzonensegmente in the dryer according to the invention and set at a different level using the Schubluftprinzips just as precisely, so that the optimal hold time can be used for each paint system used. Overbake of the varnish due to an excessively long hold time can therefore be ruled out as well as a lack of final crosslinking due to a too short hold time. With the present invention, it is therefore possible to respond flexibly to the most diverse paint systems with a single drying system and still achieve optimal drying in each case. This can be achieved in the simplest case, without the modular drying system must be rebuilt. If necessary, the number of channel segments used can also be varied in a particularly simple manner. Thus, for example, with the help of five heating modules, five cooling modules and five Ablüftmodulen, composed in accordance with the requirements of drying, quickly and inexpensively a drying system for any paint can be put together. The system can be extended at any time and can therefore also be used for drying tasks that are currently not foreseeable. By parallel operation of several dryers, the drying capacity can be easily increased. Another advantage is that defective segments at any time without great effort can be exchanged. Development costs are incurred only once.

Während bei den bekannten Umluft-Trocknern in allen Bereichen der Heizzone die gleiche Temperatur herrscht, was zur Folge hat, daß dickwandige Lackträger sehr langsam aufheizen, während sehr dünnwandige Lackträger durch das Aufblasen von warmer Luft sehr schnell aufheizen, was häufig zu Mängeln im Lack führt, ist dies bei der erfindungsgemäßen Trocknungsanlage nicht der Fall. Durch ein vergleichsweise langsames, kontrolliertes Aufheizen des zu trocknenden Gutes in der erfindungsgemäßen Trocknungsanlage kann die dem zu trocknenden Gut zugeführte Wärmemenge in Abhängigkeit von der Position des zu trocknenden Gutes im Kanal vergleichsweise genau geregelt werden. Es kommt zu einer besonders gleichmäßigen Trocknung des Lackes an allen Stellen des lacktragenden Artikels. Zugleich kann unabhängig von der Masse des zu trocknenden Gutes, also z. B. unabhängig davon, ob es sich um dünnwandige oder dickwandige Lackträger handelt, so langsam aufgeheizt werden, daß sichergestellt ist, daß alle chemischen Reaktionen abgeschlossen werden. Im Ergebnis führt der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Trocknungsanlage zu einer gegenüber den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen deutlich gesteigerten Lackqualität.While in the known circulating air dryers in all areas of the heating zone, the same temperature prevails, which has the consequence that thick-walled paint carrier heat very slowly, while very thin-walled paint carrier heat up very quickly by the inflating warm air, which often leads to deficiencies in the paint , this is not the case with the drying plant according to the invention. By a comparatively slow, controlled heating of the material to be dried in the drying plant according to the invention, the amount of heat supplied to the material to be dried can be regulated comparatively accurately in dependence on the position of the material to be dried in the channel. It comes to a particularly uniform drying of the paint at all points of the paint-carrying article. At the same time, regardless of the mass of the material to be dried, ie z. B. regardless of whether it is thin-walled or thick-walled paint carrier, are heated slowly so that it is ensured that all chemical reactions are completed. As a result, the use of the drying plant according to the invention leads to a significantly improved paint quality compared to the solutions known from the prior art.

In bekannten Trockneranlagen gelangt das zu trocknende Gut nach dem Verlassen der Ablüftzone in die auf eine bestimmte Endtemperatur aufgeheizte Heizzone. Der Verlauf der Aufheizkurve ist somit ausschließlich von der Masse des Gutes abhängig. Im Gegensatz dazu ermöglicht es die vorliegende Erfindung, daß sich an eine vergleichsweise kurze und effektive Ablüftzone ein längerer, gezielter und kontrollierbarer Aufheizvorgang anschließt, mit dessen Hilfe es möglich ist, die Trocknungsvorgaben der Bindemittel- und Additivhersteller genau einzuhalten.In known dryer systems, the material to be dried, after leaving the discharge zone, reaches the heating zone heated to a certain final temperature. The course of the heating curve is thus dependent solely on the mass of the goods. In contrast, the present invention allows for a relatively short and effective exhaust zone a longer, more targeted and a controllable heating process is followed, with the help of which it is possible to comply exactly with the drying specifications of the binder and additive manufacturers.

Aufgrund der konstruktiven Besonderheiten im Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Trockners, insbesondere aufgrund des einbahnigen Durchlaufes und des geringen Kanalquerschnitts, einerseits, und aufgrund des Einsatzes der Schubluft andererseits, ist eine "langsame" Trocknung möglich, die zu einer deutlichen Qualitätssteigerung führt. Während bei herkömmlichen Trocknern, bei denen das zu trocknende Gut stets unkontrolliert in die auf die Endtemperatur aufgeheizte Heizzone eingebracht wird, die Gefahr eines "Überbrennens" besteht, weswegen - unabhängig davon, ob die zur Trocknung benötigten chemischen Reaktionen bereits abgeschlossen sind - das zu trocknende Gut stets nach vergleichsweise kurzer Zeit aus der Heizzone entfernt werden muß, um gravierende Qualitätsmängel zu vermeiden, stellt die Erfindung die Möglichkeit bereit, das zu trocknende Gut solange in der Heizzone zu belassen, bis sämtliche chemischen Reaktionen abgeschlossen sind, ohne daß ein "Überbrennen" und ein damit verbundener Qualitätsmangel in Kauf genommen werden muß.Due to the structural features in the construction of the dryer according to the invention, in particular due to the single-lane passage and the small channel cross-section, on the one hand, and due to the use of the scarf air on the other hand, a "slow" drying is possible, which leads to a significant increase in quality. While in conventional dryers, in which the material to be dried is always introduced uncontrolled in the heated to the final temperature heating zone, there is a risk of "overburning", which is why - regardless of whether the required for drying chemical reactions are already completed - to be dried Good always after a relatively short time must be removed from the heating zone to avoid serious quality defects, the invention provides the opportunity to leave the material to be dried in the heating zone until all chemical reactions are complete, without a "overburning" and a related quality defect must be accepted.

Von Vorteil ist darüber hinaus, daß die Trocknungsanlage zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt auch um zusätzliche Kanalsegmente erweiterbar ist, mit denen neue Technologien in der Anlage umgesetzt werden können. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, die in dem vorliegenden Fall eingesetzten Infrarotstrahler durch Strahler zu ersetzen, die auf einer anderen Technologie basieren. Bereits heute können die Infrarotstrahler durch Ultraviolettstrahler ersetzt werden, ohne daß sich, wie der Fachmann erkennt, an dem Grundprinzip der Erfindung etwas ändert. In diesem Fall könnte die Trocknungsanlage zur Trocknung von Lacken verwendet werden, die UV-reaktive Substanzen in der Lackrezeptur enthalten.Another advantage is that the drying system can be extended at a later date by additional channel segments with which new technologies can be implemented in the system. For example, it is possible to replace the infrared radiators used in the present case with radiators based on a different technology. Already today, the infrared radiators can be replaced by ultraviolet radiators, without, as the skilled artisan recognizes, something to the basic principle of the invention changes. In this case, the drying system could be used for Drying of paints are used, which contain UV-reactive substances in the paint formulation.

Wird die erfindungsgemäße Trocknungsanlage in einem Lackiersystem in Kombination mit einer Lackspritzanlage eingesetzt, dann ist vorzugsweise nicht nur das Bestücken und Entleeren des Lackiersystems durch die Verwendung entsprechender Moduleinheiten variabel gestaltbar. Auch die Spritzanlage ist vorzugsweise aus mehreren Spritzanlagensegmenten zusammengesetzt. In Ergänzung der vorteilhaften Trocknung kann dabei die Lackmenge, die am Produkt vorbei in das Filtersystem gelangt, das sogenannte "overspray", deutlich verringert werden, indem die Spritzanlage über eine in Bewegungsrichtung des zu lackierenden Gutes beweglichen Station zur Aufnahme einer Anzahl von Spritzapparaten verfügt. Dadurch, daß sich die Spritzautomaten mit den zu lackierenden Objekten mitbewegen, kann der "overspray" auf 40 Prozent oder weniger gesenkt werden. Somit fallen weniger Kosten für die Lackentsorgung an. Die Spritzpistolen bewegen sich dabei vorzugsweise mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit, wie das zu lackierende Produkt. Werden zwei bewegliche Stationen montiert, die zeitversetzt zueinander arbeiten, und zwar vorzugsweise so, daß die eine Station unter Verschiebung von ihrer Startposition in ihre Endposition arbeitet, während die andere Station ausgehend von ihrer Endposition in ihre Ausgangsposition zurückfährt, kann eine hohe Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit der Lackspritzanlage erreicht werden.If the drying installation according to the invention is used in a painting system in combination with a paint spray system, then preferably not only the filling and emptying of the painting system can be designed variably by the use of corresponding module units. The spray system is preferably composed of several spray equipment segments. In addition to the advantageous drying process, the amount of paint passing the product into the filter system, the so-called "overspray", can be significantly reduced by having the spray unit move in the direction of movement of the material to be painted for receiving a number of spray guns. The fact that the automatic sprayers move with the objects to be painted, the overspray can be reduced to 40 percent or less. Thus, less costs for the paint disposal. The spray guns move preferably at the same speed as the product to be painted. If two movable stations are mounted, which operate with a time delay to each other, preferably so that the one station moves from its starting position to its end position, while the other station moves back from its final position to its original position, a high operating speed of the paint spray system can be achieved become.

Der Einsatz von sich mit den zu lackierenden Objekten mitbewegenden Spritzapparaten ist zwar an sich bereits bekannt. Insbesondere bei der Lackierung von Glasbehältern für den Einsatz im Kosmetikbereich, wie beispielsweise Parfümflakons und dergleichen, wurden sich mitbewegende Spritzapparate aber bisher nicht eingesetzt, da das Aufbringen des Lackes aufgrund der vergleichsweise hohen Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit der zu lackierenden Objekte zu ungenau war und die vergleichsweise hohen Qualitätsanforderungen des Kosmetikbereiches nicht erfüllt werden können. Durch die vorliegende Erfindung, die einen besonders langsamen Trocknungsvorgang ermöglicht, kann die Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit so weit verringert werden, daß sich mitbewegende Spritzapparate ohne Qualitätsverlust eingesetzt werden können.The use of itself with the objects to be painted mitbewegenden spray guns is already known per se. In particular, in the painting of glass containers for use in the cosmetics sector, such as Perfume bottles and the like, but mitbewegende sprayers have not yet been used because the application of the paint due to the relatively high throughput speed of the objects to be painted was too inaccurate and the comparatively high quality requirements of the cosmetics sector can not be met. By the present invention, which allows a particularly slow drying process, the throughput speed can be reduced so that moving sprinklers can be used without loss of quality.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Lackiersystem mit einem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Umlufttrockner,
Fig. 2
eine Aufheizkurve eines herkömmlichen Umlufttrockners,
Fig. 3
eine Abkühlkurve eines herkömmlichen Umlufttrockners,
Fig. 4
ein Lackiersystem mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Infrarot-Trockner,
Fig. 5
Teile des Infrarot-Trockners in einer Schnittdarstellung,
Fig. 6
einen dem erfindungsgemäßen Trockner vorgelagerten Spritzstand in einem Lackiersystem,
Fig. 7
eine Aufheizkurve während der Entlüftungs- bzw. Abtrocknungsphase,
Fig. 8
eine Aufheizkurve des erfindungsgemäßen Trockners,
Fig. 9
eine Abkühlkurve des erfindungsgemäßen Trockners.
An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Hereby show:
Fig. 1
a paint system with a circulating air dryer known from the prior art,
Fig. 2
a heating curve of a conventional circulating air dryer,
Fig. 3
a cooling curve of a conventional circulating air dryer,
Fig. 4
a painting system with an infrared dryer according to the invention,
Fig. 5
Parts of the infrared dryer in a sectional view,
Fig. 6
a spray booth upstream of the dryer according to the invention in a painting system,
Fig. 7
a heating curve during the deaeration or drying phase,
Fig. 8
a heating curve of the dryer according to the invention,
Fig. 9
a cooling curve of the dryer according to the invention.

Sämtliche Figuren zeigen die Erfindung lediglich schematisch und mit ihren wesentlichen Bestandteilen. Gleiche Bezugszeichen entsprechen dabei Elementen gleicher oder vergleichbarer Funktion.All figures show the invention only schematically and with its essential components. The same reference numerals correspond to elements of the same or comparable function.

Nachfolgend beschrieben wird ein Lackiersystem 100 mit einer Lackspritzanlage 19 und einer der Lackspritzanlage 19 nachgeschalteten Trocknungsanlage 11 zum Trocknen von wassermischbaren organischen Lacken, wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt. Das vorgestellte Trocknerkonzept auch für nichtwassermischbare Lacke anwendbar, z. B. für die Trocknung lösemittelhaltiger Lacke. Darüber hinaus ist das Trocknerkonzept auch für die Trocknung nicht-organischen Lacke verwendbar, wenngleich bei diesen Lacken die Anforderungen an die Gleichmäßigkeit der Endvernetzung weniger hoch sind.Described below is a painting system 100 with a paint spraying system 19 and a drying system 11 downstream of the paint spraying installation 19 for drying water-miscible organic paints, as described in US Pat Fig. 4 shown. The proposed dryer concept also applicable to non-water-mixable coatings, eg. B. for the drying of solvent-based paints. In addition, the dryer concept is also suitable for drying non-organic paints, although the requirements for the uniformity of the final cross-linking are less high in these paints.

Die zu lackierenden Artikel, hier Glasbehälter 20, beispielsweise Glasflaschen oder Glastiegel, werden in einem Bestückungsbereich 10 mit Hilfe eines automatischen Handhabungsgerätes (nicht abgebildet) mit der Einfüllöffnung nach unten auf eine Spindel gesteckt. Die Spindeln sind auf einer Förderkette 21 im Abstand von etwa 7 cm montiert und drehbar gelagert. Die Förderkette 21 befördert die Glasbehälter 20 in die Spritzkabine 22, die über ein mit Pfeilen 23 symbolisiertes integriertes Zu- und Abluftsystem verfügt. Ohne Unterbrechung der Förderbewegung 24 werden die Spindeln in Rotation versetzt und an mindestens drei Spritzautomaten 25 vorbeigeführt.The articles to be painted, in this case glass containers 20, for example glass bottles or glass jars, are placed on a spindle in an assembly area 10 with the aid of an automatic handling device (not shown) with the filling opening facing downwards. The spindles are mounted on a conveyor chain 21 at a distance of about 7 cm and rotatably supported. The conveyor chain 21 conveys the glass container 20 into the spray booth 22, which is symbolized by an arrow 23 symbols integrated supply and exhaust air system features. Without interrupting the conveying movement 24, the spindles are rotated and passed past at least three automatic spray guns 25.

Der Spritzstand 22 verfügt, wie in Fig. 6 abgebildet, über eine erste in Bandrichtung 24 bewegliche Station 26 zur Aufnahme der Spritzautomaten 25. Die Spritzpistolen der Automaten 25 bewegen sich mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit, wie die zu lackierenden Glasbehälter 20. Eine zweite, mit der ersten Station 26 baugleiche Station 26 wird zeitversetzt im Wechsel mit der ersten Station betrieben, so daß ein kontinuierlicher Lackierbetrieb sichergestellt ist.The spray booth 22 has, as in Fig. 6 The spray guns of the machines 25 move at the same speed as the glass container to be painted 20. A second, identical to the first station 26 station 26 is delayed in the Changeover operated with the first station, so that a continuous painting operation is ensured.

An die Spritzkabine 22 schließt sich unmittelbar der Trockner 11 an, vgl. Fig. 4. Der Trockner 11 umfaßt einen durchgehenden, nach Art eines Tunnels ausgebildeten Kanal 14 mit geringem Querschnitt, durch den das zu trocknende Gut 20 hindurchbewegt wird. Der Kanals 14 weist an seinem an die Spritzkabine 22 angeschlossenen Ende eine Eintrittsöffnung 12 und an seinem gegenüberliegendem Ende eine Austrittsöffnung 13 auf. Die Glasbehälter 20 werden durch den Kanal 14 auf einer einzigen Bahn 15 einzeln hindurchgeführt, wobei sich die Spindeln mit den darauf gehaltenen Glasbehältern 20 während der gesamten Zeit drehen.To the spray booth 22 immediately follows the dryer 11, see. Fig. 4 , The dryer 11 comprises a continuous, formed in the manner of a tunnel channel 14 with a small cross section through which the material to be dried 20 is moved through. The channel 14 has an inlet opening 12 at its end connected to the spray booth 22 and an outlet opening 13 at its opposite end. The glass containers 20 are individually passed through the channel 14 on a single track 15, with the spindles rotating with the glass containers 20 held thereon for the entire time.

Der Kanal 14 ist aus einer Anzahl von Kanalsegmenten gebildet, die aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit jedoch nicht einzelne abgebildet sind. Er weist, beginnend bei der Eintrittsöffnung 12, in Durchgangsrichtung gesehen hintereinander angeordnet eine Ablüftzone 18, eine Heizzone 16 und eine Kühlzone 17 auf. Die Länge der Zonen wird, aus der erforderlichen Anzahl von Kanalsegmenten zusammengesetzt, jeweils passend zu dem zu trocknenden Lack sowie passend zu den Glasbehältern 20, welche den Lack tragen, vorgesehen.The channel 14 is formed of a number of channel segments, which are not shown individually for the sake of clarity. It has, starting at the inlet opening 12, viewed in the passage direction arranged one behind the other, a discharge zone 18, a heating zone 16 and a cooling zone 17. The length of the zones is composed of the required number of channel segments, in each case matching the paint to be dried as well as fitting to the glass containers 20 which carry the paint.

In der sich an die Spritzkabine 22 unmittelbar anschließenden Ablüftzone 18 des Trockners 11 werden die Glasbehälter 20 erwärmt, so daß Lösemittel und Wasser aus dem Lack entweichen. Die Ablüftzone 18 wird durch aus der Heizzone 16 einströmende Schubluft 27 erwärmt, wie weiter unten näher erläutert ist. Zusätzliche Energiequellen können vorgesehen sein.In the immediately subsequent to the spray booth 22 Ablüftzone 18 of the dryer 11, the glass container 20 are heated so that solvent and water escape from the paint. The Ablüftzone 18 is heated by flowing from the heating zone 16 Schubluft 27, as explained in more detail below. Additional energy sources may be provided.

Die Trocknung und Aushärtung der Lackschicht erfolgt in der sich an die Ablüftzone 18 anschließende Heizzone 16. Diese wird aus mit Infrarotstrahlern 28 versehenen Kanalsegmenten gebildet. Der Lack wird durch die von den Infrarotstrahlern 28 abgegebene Wärmeenergie erhitzt. Erforderlichenfalls werden kurzzeitig zusätzliche Infrarotstrahler zugeschaltet, wenn die mit Hilfe eines Oberflächentemperatursensors gemessene Lacktemperatur unter den für die jeweiligen Position in der Heizzone 16 voreingestellten Wert, beispielsweise 180°C, fällt oder dieser Wert trotz Einsatz der üblicherweise verwendeten Infrarotstrahler 28 nicht erreicht wird. In dem gewählten Beispiel eines Glasbehälters 20 betrifft dies beispielsweise den vergleichsweise dicken, auf der Spindel nach oben weisend gehaltenen Behälterboden, der durch an der Decke des Kanals 14 angeordnete zusätzliche Infrarotstrahler gezielt zusätzlich bestrahlt wird.The drying and hardening of the lacquer layer takes place in the heating zone 16 adjoining the ventilation zone 18. This is formed from channel segments provided with infrared radiators 28. The paint is heated by the heat energy emitted by the infrared radiators 28. If necessary, additional infrared radiators are switched on briefly when the paint temperature measured with the aid of a surface temperature sensor falls below the value preset for the respective position in the heating zone 16, for example 180 ° C., or this value is not achieved despite the use of the infrared radiators 28 commonly used. In the example chosen for a glass container 20, this applies, for example, to the comparatively thick container bottom, which is held pointing upwards on the spindle and is additionally additionally irradiated by additional infrared radiators arranged on the ceiling of the channel 14.

Eine Schubluftvorrichtung 29 erzeugt einen Luftmassenstrom 27 in dem Kanal 14, wobei sich der Luftmassenstrom 27 entgegen der Richtung 30 des Massestromes des zu trocknenden Gutes, also entgegen der Durchgangs- oder Förderrichtung bewegt. Die Schubluftvorrichtung 29 umfaßt hierzu ein oder mehrere Gebläse sowie Wärmetauschersysteme und entsprechende Verbindungselemente (nicht dargestellt), welche in ihrer Auswahl und Anordnung dem Fachmann geläufig sind.A scarfing device 29 generates an air mass flow 27 in the channel 14, wherein the air mass flow 27 moves counter to the direction 30 of the mass flow of the material to be dried, ie counter to the passage or conveying direction. The scarfing device 29 comprises for this purpose one or more Blower and heat exchanger systems and corresponding connecting elements (not shown), which are familiar to the expert in their selection and arrangement.

Die Schubluftvorrichtung 29 umfaßt darüber hinaus eine Regeleinrichtung (nicht dargestellt) zur automatischen Regelung der Schubluft 27 in Abhängigkeit von dem Wärmetransport innerhalb des Kanals 14 aus der Heizzone 16 in Richtung Kühlzone 17. Hierzu sind innerhalb des Kanals 14, vorzugsweise über die Heizzone 16 und die Kühlzone 17 verteilt, Temperatursensoren angeordnet, welche die Oberflächentemperatur der durch den Kanal 14 bewegten Glasbehälter 20 erfassen. Als Sensoren werden dabei üblicherweise optische Sensoren verwendet, welche die Oberflächentemperatur anhand der Farbe bestimmen.The scarfing device 29 also includes a control device (not shown) for the automatic control of the scarfing air 27 in response to the heat transport within the channel 14 from the heating zone 16 in the direction of cooling zone 17. These are within the channel 14, preferably via the heating zone 16 and Cooling zone 17 distributed, temperature sensors arranged, which detect the surface temperature of the glass container 20 moved through the channel 14. The sensors used are usually optical sensors which determine the surface temperature based on the color.

Durch eine Auswertung der aufgenommenen Meßdaten, insbesondere der Temperaturmessungen, wird ein unerwünschter Wärmetransport und damit ein "Wandern" der Heizzone in Richtung Kühlzone 18 erkannt, wie es beispielsweise dann auftritt, wenn sich die Massen ändern, also beispielsweise nach dünnwandigen Glasbehältern dickwandige Glasbehälter in den Trockner 11 einfahren. Dementsprechend wird das Einbringen von Schubluft 27 in den Kanal 14 automatisch geregelt. Die Regelung umfaßt dabei in erster Linie die Menge der bereitzustellenden Schubluft 27, kann aber auch Eigenschaften der Schubluft 27 betreffen, beispielsweise die Temperatur oder die Feuchtigkeit der Schubluft 27. Alle Steuer- bzw. Regelelemente des Systems sind dabei über einen standardisierten Datenbus mit einem Zentralrechner (nicht dargestellt) verbunden.By evaluating the recorded measurement data, in particular the temperature measurements, an undesirable heat transport and thus a "wandering" of the heating zone in the direction of cooling zone 18 is detected, as occurs, for example, when the masses change, so for example after thin-walled glass containers thick-walled glass container in the Retract dryer 11. Accordingly, the introduction of scoop air 27 into the channel 14 is automatically controlled. The control comprises primarily the amount of the shingle air 27 to be provided, but may also relate to properties of the shingle air 27, for example the temperature or the humidity of the shingle air 27. All control or regulating elements of the system are in this case via a standardized data bus with a central computer (not shown) connected.

Die Schubluft 27 tritt an der Kanalaustrittöffnung 13 oder in der Nähe der Austrittsöffnung 13 in die Kühlzone 17 ein, bewegt sich durch die Kühlzone 17 hindurch in die Heizzone 16 hinein und wirkt damit einem mit dem Massetransport verbundenen unerwünschten Transport von Wärme aus der Heizzone 16 in die Kühlzone 17 entgegen. Zugleich dient die Schubluft 27 in der Kühlzone 17 zum Abkühlen der Glasbehälter 20. Dabei tritt nahe des Schublufteintritts 32 die kälteste Schubluft 27 auf die bereits am stärksten abgekühlten Glasbehälter 20. Dringt die Schubluft 27 zu weit in Richtung Heizzone 16 vor, so daß die Gefahr besteht, daß es zu einer unerwünschten Abkühlung der Heizzone 16 kommt, wird die Schubluftzufuhr gedrosselt oder die Temperatur der in den Kanal eingeführten Schubluft erhöht.The scarfing air 27 enters the cooling zone 17 at the channel outlet opening 13 or in the vicinity of the outlet opening 13, moves through the cooling zone 17 into the heating zone 16 and thus acts in an undesired transport of heat from the heating zone 16 in connection with the mass transport the cooling zone 17 against. At the same time, the scarf air 27 in the cooling zone 17 serves to cool the glass containers 20. In this case, the coldest scarf air 27 occurs near the scum air inlet 32 on the already most strongly cooled glass container 20. If the scarf air 27 penetrates too far in the direction of the heating zone 16, so that the danger If there is an undesirable cooling of the heating zone 16, the supply of scarf air is throttled or the temperature of the scoop air introduced into the channel is increased.

Die Schubluft 27 bewegt sich durch die gesamte Heizzone 16 hindurch und tritt, wie bereits oben beschrieben, in die Ablüftzone 18 ein. Aus der Ablüftzone 18 wird die Schubluft am Schubluftaustritt 33 entnommen, mittels einer Meßsonde auf Feuchtigkeit überprüft, gegebenenfalls getrocknet und/oder gekühlt und zumindest teilweise dem Trockner 11 an dem Schublufteintritt wieder zugeführt. Alle hierfür benötigten Mittel und Verfahren sind dem Fachmann bekannt und bedürfen daher an dieser Stelle keiner weiteren Erläuterung.The scarf air 27 moves through the entire heating zone 16 and, as already described above, enters the scavenging zone 18. From the exhaust zone 18, the scarf air is removed at the scarf air outlet 33, checked for moisture by means of a measuring probe, optionally dried and / or cooled and at least partially fed back to the dryer 11 at the Schublufteintritt. All means and methods required for this purpose are known in the art and therefore need no further explanation at this point.

An dem der Austrittsöffnung 13 des Kanals 14 zugewandten Ende der Kühlzone 18 ist ein Ultraschallvernebler 31 angeordnet, der durch Abgabe von Wasserdampf die Lackoberfläche sättigt, wodurch die Reaktion der Haftvermittler abgeschlossen wird. Zugleich wird dadurch zusätzliche Verdunstungskälte erzeugt, die zur Kühlung der Glasbehälter 20 beiträgt. Durch die besonders effektive Kühlung ist es möglich, die lackierten Glasbehälter 20 unmittelbar im Anschluß an die Trocknung nach dem Abnehmen von den Spindeln im Bestückungsbereich 10 in Tiefziehteile aus Kunststofffolie zu verpacken, ohne daß sich diese aufgrund zu hoher Temperaturen der Glasbehälter 20 verformen. Während bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Anlagen die aus der Kühlzone kommenden Objekte meist eine Temperatur von mehr als 60°C aufweisen, können mit der vorliegenden Erfindung Endtemperaturen von etwas 30 °C am Ausgang der Kühlzone 18 erreicht werden.At the end of the cooling zone 18 facing the outlet opening 13 of the channel 14, an ultrasonic nebulizer 31 is arranged, which saturates the paint surface by emitting water vapor, whereby the reaction of the adhesion promoter is completed. At the same time additional evaporation cooling is generated, which contributes to the cooling of the glass container 20. Due to the particularly effective cooling, it is possible, the painted glass container 20 immediately after drying after the removal of the spindles in the assembly area 10 in deep-drawn parts made of plastic film, without these deform due to high temperatures of the glass container 20. While in the systems known from the prior art, the objects coming from the cooling zone usually have a temperature of more than 60 ° C, with the present invention end temperatures of about 30 ° C at the exit of the cooling zone 18 can be achieved.

Eine typische Aufheizkurve während dieser Entlüftungs- bzw. Abtrocknungsphase ist in Fig. 7 dargestellt. In etwa 2 Minuten erfolgt eine Erwärmung von 20°C auf etwa 100°C. Bei dieser Temperatur entweicht das Wasser aus dem Lack, so daß mit der Trocknung begonnen werden kann.A typical heating curve during this venting or drying phase is in FIG Fig. 7 shown. In about 2 minutes, a heating of 20 ° C to about 100 ° C takes place. At this temperature, the water escapes from the paint, so that the drying can be started.

Eine typische Aufheizkurve ist in Fig. 8, eine typische Abkühlkurve in Fig. 9 dargestellt. Beispielsweise findet ein Aufheizen von 100°C auf etwa 180°C bzw. ein Abkühlen auf etwa 30°C statt. Der direkte Vergleich mit den in Fig. 2 und 3 abgebildeten Kurven zeigt die deutlich genauere Einhaltung eines optimalen Aufheiz- und Kühlablaufes bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Trockner 11. Sowohl das Aufheizen, als auch das Abkühlen erfolgt sehr gleichmäßig, was an den stetigen Kurvenverläufen erkennbar ist. Die Haltezeit, das heißt die Zeitdauer, während welcher der Lack einer Temperatur von hier z. B. mindestens 150°C ausgesetzt ist, kann exakt eingehalten werden. Werden andere Artikel getrocknet, kann die Haltezeit variiert werden, sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Länge, als auch hinsichtlich der Mindesttemperatur.A typical heating curve is in Fig. 8 , a typical cooling curve in Fig. 9 shown. For example, heating from 100 ° C. to about 180 ° C. or cooling to about 30 ° C. takes place. The direct comparison with the in FIGS. 2 and 3 shown curves shows the much more accurate compliance with an optimal heating and cooling process in the dryer according to the invention 11. Both the heating, and the cooling takes place very evenly, which can be seen in the steady curves. The holding time, that is, the length of time during which the paint a temperature of here z. B. is exposed to at least 150 ° C, can be maintained exactly. If other articles are dried, the holding time can be varied, both in terms of their length, as well as in terms of minimum temperature.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Umluft-TrocknerConvection dryer
22
Eintrittsöffnunginlet opening
33
Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
44
Kammerchamber
55
Schleifenbahnloop path
66
Heizzoneheating zone
77
Kühlzonecooling zone
88th
Ablüftzoneflash-off
99
LackspritzvorrichtungPaint sprayer
1010
Bestückungsbereichassembly area
1111
Infrarot-TrocknerInfrared dryer
1212
Eintrittsöffnunginlet opening
1313
Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
1414
Kanalchannel
1515
Bahntrain
1616
Heizzoneheating zone
1717
Kühlzonecooling zone
1818
Ablüftzoneflash-off
1919
LackspritzanlagePaint spraying unit
2020
Glasobjekt, LackträgerGlass object, paint carrier
2121
Förderketteconveyor chain
2222
Spritzkabine, SpritzstandSpray booth, spray booth
2323
Zu- und AbluftsystemSupply and exhaust system
2424
Förderbewegungconveying movement
2525
Spritzautomatautomatic spray gun
2626
Stationstation
2727
Schubluftoverrun air
2828
Infrarotstrahlerinfrared Heaters
2929
SchubluftvorrichtungBoost air device
3030
Massestrommass flow
3131
Ultraschallverneblerultrasonic
3232
SchublufteintrittBoost air inlet
3333
SchubluftaustrittBoost air outlet
100100
Lackiersystempainting system

Claims (7)

  1. Continuously operating infrared drying system (11), in particular for drying water-miscible lacquers on glass objects (20),
    having a continuous channel (14) with an inlet opening (12) and an outlet opening (13), through which the goods (20) to be dried are moved, preferably in one lane,
    the channel (14) having a heating zone (16), an evaporation zone (18) placed before the heating zone (16) and a cooling zone (17) placed after the heating zone (16),
    and a number of infrared emitters (28) being provided in the heating zone (16) to introduce thermal energy into the goods (20) to be dried,
    characterized by
    a thrust air device (29) for producing a regulated air mass flow (27) in the channel (14), wherein the air mass flow (27) moves counter to the mass flow (30) of the goods (20) to be dried, wherein the thrust air device (29) comprises a regulating means which is designed for the automatic regulation of the thrust air (27) in order to prevent the heating zone wandering in the direction of the cooling zone, wherein this automatic regulation is carried out as a function of the transport of heat within the channel (14) out of the heating zone (16) in the direction of the cooling zone (17), wherein such wandering is detected by using temperature measurements and evaluating the measured data picked up.
  2. Drying system (11) according to Claim 1, characterized in that thrust air inlet and thrust air outlet are provided such that the thrust air (27) is moved through the cooling zone (17), the heating zone (16) and preferably also the evaporation zone (18), or at least through substantial parts thereof.
  3. Drying system (11) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized by a means for feeding the thrust air (27) emerging from the thrust air outlet back to the thrust air inlet.
  4. Drying system (11) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the channel (14) is constructed modularly in such a way that at least the heating zone (16), but preferably also the evaporation zone (18) and/or the cooling zone (17), is composed of a number of channel segments that can be lined up with one another and are designed in accordance with their function.
  5. Method for operating a continuously operating infrared drying system (11), in particular for drying water-miscible lacquers on glass objects (20),
    having a continuous channel (14) with an inlet opening (12) and an outlet opening (13), through which the goods (20) to be dried are moved, preferably in one lane,
    the channel (14) having a heating zone (16), an evaporation zone (18) placed before the heating zone (16) and a cooling zone (17) placed after the heating zone (16),
    and a number of infrared emitters (28) being provided in the heating zone (16) to introduce thermal energy into the goods (20) to be dried,
    characterized by
    the production of an air mass flow (27) in the channel (14), wherein the air mass flow (27) moves counter to the mass flow (30) of the goods (20) to be dried, wherein the air mass flow (27) is regulated automatically in order to prevent the heating zone wandering in the direction of the cooling zone, wherein this automatic regulation is carried out on the basis of the transport of heat within the channel (14) out of the heating zone (16) in the direction of the cooling zone (17), wherein such wandering is detected by using temperature measurements and evaluating the measured data picked up.
  6. Lacquering system (100) having a lacquer spraying system (22) and a drying system (11) according to one of Claims 1 to 4 downstream of the lacquer spraying system (22).
  7. Lacquering system (100) according to Claim 6, characterized in that the spraying system (22) has at least one station (26), which can be moved in the direction of movement (24) of the goods (20) to be lacquered, to accommodate a number of spraying apparatuses (25).
EP11009455.4A 2010-12-15 2011-11-30 Infra-red drying system Not-in-force EP2466237B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010054635 2010-12-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2466237A2 EP2466237A2 (en) 2012-06-20
EP2466237A3 EP2466237A3 (en) 2014-11-05
EP2466237B1 true EP2466237B1 (en) 2016-06-15

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ID=45406359

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EP (1) EP2466237B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102011119733A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2466237T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10871326B2 (en) * 2018-09-06 2020-12-22 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Infrared can curing oven
CN109668417B (en) * 2019-01-29 2024-04-19 佛山市国特科技有限公司 Light wave rapid dryer and method thereof
DE102021121585A1 (en) * 2021-08-19 2023-02-23 Ulf Reinhardt Drying device and method for drying containers with at least one container property
KR20230046811A (en) * 2021-09-30 2023-04-06 해성디에스 주식회사 Component drying apparatus of reel to reel

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT403518B (en) * 1993-12-01 1998-03-25 Hoffmann Friedrich METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRYING AND / OR CURING COATINGS
DE29619160U1 (en) * 1995-11-07 1997-02-13 Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh Infrared continuous furnace system
JP3897456B2 (en) * 1998-07-15 2007-03-22 大日本印刷株式会社 Drying equipment
JP3249478B2 (en) * 1998-09-17 2002-01-21 本田技研工業株式会社 Paint drying method and paint drying furnace
DE10128794B4 (en) * 2001-06-15 2005-02-17 Rehau Ag + Co. Method and device for drying
JP4390485B2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2009-12-24 大日本印刷株式会社 Drying equipment
DE102005001683B4 (en) * 2005-01-13 2010-01-14 Venjakob Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device for drying lacquer layers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2466237A3 (en) 2014-11-05
DE102011119733A1 (en) 2012-06-21
PL2466237T3 (en) 2016-12-30
EP2466237A2 (en) 2012-06-20

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