EP1395784B1 - Method and device for drying - Google Patents

Method and device for drying Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1395784B1
EP1395784B1 EP02743176A EP02743176A EP1395784B1 EP 1395784 B1 EP1395784 B1 EP 1395784B1 EP 02743176 A EP02743176 A EP 02743176A EP 02743176 A EP02743176 A EP 02743176A EP 1395784 B1 EP1395784 B1 EP 1395784B1
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Prior art keywords
drying
air
stage
condensation
temperature
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EP02743176A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1395784A1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Jacob
Peter Krauss
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Rehau Automotive SE and Co KG
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Rehau AG and Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for drying water-based paints applied to an object in painting installations and to a device for carrying out the method.
  • water-based lacquer base coats containing water as the solvent
  • organic solvents which merely contain a proportion of organic solvents of a few percents and are therefore far superior to conventional solventborne basecoats in ecological terms.
  • the processing of water-based paints is problematic insofar as water evaporates much more slowly compared to solvents and thus considerably longer evaporation and drying time are required under the same operating conditions in paint booths for water-based paints compared to solvent-based basecoat, as the usual speed laminar flowing Air in painting or spray booths is only about 0.2-0.5 m / sec.
  • the drying of painted objects usually takes place according to three methods. Widely used is the so-called convection process.
  • a circulating hot air flow at a flow rate of 2 to 15 m / sec transfers its heat content to the workpiece by heat exchange.
  • the main advantages of this process are that all thermosetting coating systems and workpiece shapes can be dried and an excellent optical quality of the coating can be achieved.
  • a disadvantage is the required long residence time in the dryer, which can be between 3 and 35 minutes depending on the paint system, layer thickness of the paint job and applied temperature. In the case of the coating of plastics, the residence time in the dryer is typically 8 to 10 minutes.
  • the convection process thus requires energy expenditure and - if high volumes per unit time are to be painted - a high expenditure on equipment.
  • a second possible method for drying painted workpieces is the so-called condensation drying.
  • condensation drying by means of a circulating, strongly dehumidified air flow (moisture content ⁇ 6 g / kg air), the moisture is removed from the paint film.
  • the residence time in the dryer is between 4 and 8 minutes, the drying temperature about 300 ° C. Due to this, compared to the convection drying greatly reduced costs for drying temperature and drying time, the condensation process is inexpensive.
  • the condensation process only one - based on the required specifications in the automotive industry - insufficient surface quality of the painted workpiece, so that it is mainly used for drying or predrying in the wet in wet paint construction.
  • a third drying process which is becoming increasingly important, is drying by means of radiation, preferably by means of infrared rays.
  • directly irradiable workpiece parts can be dried in a short time and with good surface quality.
  • undercuts can only be dried using heat pipes, with the risk of local overheating.
  • DE 19937193 A1 discloses a process for drying hydrous basecoat, as well as a device and retrofit kit for spray booths for carrying out the process. It describes a method and a device for its implementation, in order to make the drying process of water-based basecoat in paint booths particularly economical. For this purpose, it is proposed to accelerate cabin air within the paint booth and to expose the painted object to these accelerated air masses.
  • the device is characterized by a spray booth, the cabin space filtered via the cabin ceiling heated air can be sucked and sucked over the cabin floor, at least in the upper third of the cabin space at least one blower for generating an air mass flow past the painted object is provided.
  • the invention further relates to a retrofit kit for a paint booth for carrying out the method.
  • DE 41 06 573 C1 a device for capacitive stray field drying of water-based paints on flat wood and wood-based surfaces at working widths sizes 500mm known.
  • the RF feed in conjunction with the adaptation is designed so that a high-frequency electrical stray field without magnetic field between the successive rod electrodes is formed and acts on the water paint fin. With the low access of the electric field to the substrate this remains without disturbing heating and requires no subsequent cooling.
  • Water-based paints have, compared to conventional paints, above all disadvantages during drying.
  • the disadvantages are that they contain a mixture with small amounts of organic solvents and a high proportion of water and additives, such as emulsifiers.
  • water is much harder to dry than an organic solvent.
  • additives there are also nonvolatile radicals which can delay the drying and impair the quality of the paint.
  • the disadvantages are the low flow speed of the painted objects, as well as the excessive heating of the substrate and the environment. The result is higher energy losses and longer cooling times.
  • the painted object is blown off with accelerated air.
  • For generating the accelerated air flow compressed air is used. This requires, on the one hand, a correspondingly high energy requirement and, on the other hand, a treatment plant for the separation of oil and other impurities.
  • the air escaping at high speed stirs up dust and paint residues and these deposit on the painted surface, whereby the paint surface can be damaged.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an economical drying process for water-based paints available, in which, at higher flow rate, the temperature in the substrate and the immediate environment is kept small, a more uniform drying and a high paint surface quality is achieved. Furthermore, the invention aims to provide a corresponding device for carrying out the method.
  • the object is achieved by a method in which the water-based paint applied to the object is dried after passing through a known evaporation zone in two series-connected condensation stages and a convection stage.
  • a relative humidity of 50 to 80% over a predetermined period of at least 2 minutes In particular, here a calming of the paint film, so that trapped air can escape.
  • the painted object passes through a first condensation drying stage.
  • Drying takes place over a period of 1 to 3 minutes at an air velocity of 0.05 to 5 m / sec, a temperature in the range of 25 to 350 ° C and a humidity of 1 to 5g / kg of air.
  • the blowing in of the air takes place via the filter cover or the walls or alternatively via nozzles. In this zone, dehumidification of the paint film begins at lower air flow speeds.
  • the painted pre-dried object passes through a second condensation drying stage.
  • the paint film over a period of 2 to 8 minutes at an air velocity of 0.5 m / sec to 12m / sec, a humidity of 1 to 5 g / kg of air and a temperature in the range of 25 to 350 ° C dried.
  • the air inlet again takes place via a filter cover or walls or alternatively via nozzles.
  • the further dehumidification of the paint film takes place at a higher air flow rate to a value below 10% residual moisture in the paint film.
  • a convection drying stage connected in series, wherein the painted object is blown off over a period of 2 to 5 minutes with air at a temperature in the range of 50 to 900 ° C.
  • a superficial crosslinking of the paint film takes place. Residual water content and residual content of organic solvents are reduced to a minimum.
  • the painted objects in a cooling zone are cooled to a temperature below 300 ° C.
  • a settling of the object temperature is generally achieved with precooled air.
  • the paint film is additionally crosslinked on the surface due to the hot air drying in the convection drying stage.
  • the targeted use of condensation drying in conjunction with convection drying and the fact that expensive cooling can be dispensed with after the drying process mean that process times can be reduced by approx. 40% and energy costs by approx. 20%.
  • the associated figure 1 shows a diagram of the device according to the invention for carrying out the method.
  • the device consists of a cabin space 1, in which an evaporation zone 2, a first condensation drying stage 3, a second condensation drying stage 4, a convection stage 5 and a cooling zone 6 are arranged in series one after the other.
  • Each of the individual zones or stages has a separate air supply or removal.
  • a ceiling area a cable conveyor is arranged in the cabin room 1. This transports arranged on a hanger objects - in this example bumper through the arranged in the cabin space 1 zones or stages.
  • the fixed to the hanger bumper occurs at the entrance of the cabin space 1, after which he was provided in a paint shop not shown with a water-based paint film, in the evaporation zone 2 a.
  • the bumper lingers in the evaporation zone 2 for approx. 3 minutes.
  • organic solvents can evaporate.
  • the bumper enters the first condensation drying stage 3. With a residence time of 1 minute and a humidity of 3g / kg air, the dehumidification of the paint film applied to the bumper begins.
  • the temperature of the introduced air is 300 ° C.
  • the air is blown by means of one or more fans 7 through a filter cover or walls.
  • the flow rate is set low at 0.5 m / sec.
  • the fans 7 are designed so that they are preferably infinitely adjustable.
  • the bumpers are forwarded to the second condensation drying stage 4.
  • the paint film is further dried with a residence time of 4 minutes, a temperature of 300 ° C. and a relative humidity of 3 g / kg of air.
  • the air is blown in via fans 7 over the filter cover or walls.
  • the flow rate is 1 m / sec and is thus higher than in the condensation drying stage 3.
  • the paint film is dried to a residual moisture content of less than 10%.
  • the bumper is moved into the convection drying stage 5.
  • a surface crosslinking of the paint film takes place. Residual water content and residual content of organic solvents are reduced to a minimum.
  • the bumper is cooled to an object temperature below 300 ° C. and then leaves the cabin space 1 via the exit.
  • the conveyor In order to realize the corresponding residence times of the bumper in the zones or stages, these are formed correspondingly in their length. It is also possible to form the conveyor accordingly so that the required residence times are realized with a constant length of the zones or stages. This can be done, for example, by the fact that the conveyor describes a meandering path within the cabin space 1. Each of the individual stages or stages are fans 7, which are infinitely variable in their speed, as well as associated with means 8 for heating or cooling of the air to be injected. Using appropriate transducers, the parameters can be determined in each zone and the units are controlled. Overall, there is a device for drying, which works in a continuous process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for drying aqueous paint which is applied to an object in paint installations, and to a device for carrying out the method. The disturbing influences of the water content and the organic solvent content on the tone and the brilliance of the colour are eliminated by a combination of condensation drying stages and a convection drying stage. The device for carrying out the method consists essentially of a cabin chamber (1) comprising a transport device in which the following are provided in the following order: a pre-drying area (2), a first and a second condensation drying stage (3) and (4), a convection drying stage (5) and a cooling area (6).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Trocknen von in Lackieranlagen auf ein Objekt aufgebrachten, wasserhaltigen Lacken und eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for drying water-based paints applied to an object in painting installations and to a device for carrying out the method.

In der Lackiertechnik werden in zunehmenden Maße anstelle von Basislacken mit organischen Lösemitteln Basislacke mit Wasser als Lösemittel, im folgenden Wasserlack genannt, verarbeitet, die lediglich noch einen Anteil organischer Lösemittel von wenigen Prozenten enthalten und somit in ökologischer Hinsicht konventionellen lösemittelhaltigen Basislacken weit überlegen sind.
Die Verarbeitung von Wasserlacken gestaltet sich jedoch insofern problematisch, als sich Wasser im Vergleich zu Lösemitteln wesentlich langsamer verflüchtigt und somit unter gleichen Betriebsbedingungen in Lackierkabinen für Wasserlacke im Vergleich zu lösemittelhaltigen Basislack erheblich längere Ausdampf- und Trockenzeit benötigt werden, da die übliche Geschwindigkeit der laminar strömenden Luft in Lackier- bzw. Spritzkabinen nur ca. 0,2-0,5 m/sec beträgt.In coating technology, base coats containing water as the solvent, referred to below as water-based lacquer, are increasingly being used instead of basecoats with organic solvents, which merely contain a proportion of organic solvents of a few percents and are therefore far superior to conventional solventborne basecoats in ecological terms.
However, the processing of water-based paints is problematic insofar as water evaporates much more slowly compared to solvents and thus considerably longer evaporation and drying time are required under the same operating conditions in paint booths for water-based paints compared to solvent-based basecoat, as the usual speed laminar flowing Air in painting or spray booths is only about 0.2-0.5 m / sec.

Die Trocknung von lackierten Objekten erfolgt in der Regel nach drei Methoden.
Weit verbreitet ist das sogenannte Konvektionsverfahren. Hier überträgt ein zirkulierender Heißluftstrom mit einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von 2 bis 15 m/sec durch Wärmeaustausch seinen Wärmeinhalt auf das Werkstück. Hauptvorteile dieses Verfahrens sind, das alle wärmehärtenden Lacksysteme und Werkstückformen trockenbar sind und eine hervorragende optische Qualität der Lackierung erzielbar ist. Nachteilig ist die erforderliche lange Verweilzeit im Trockner, die je nach Lacksystem, Schichtdicke des Lackauftrages und nach angewandter Temperatur zwischen 3 und 35 Minuten betragen kann. Im Falle der Lackierung von Kunststoffen beträgt die Verweilzeit im Trockner typischerweise 8 bis 10 Minuten. Das Konvektionsverfahren erfordert also einen Energie-Aufwand und - wenn hohe Stückzahlen je Zeiteinheit zu lackieren sind - einen hohen apparativen Aufwand.The drying of painted objects usually takes place according to three methods.
Widely used is the so-called convection process. Here, a circulating hot air flow at a flow rate of 2 to 15 m / sec transfers its heat content to the workpiece by heat exchange. The main advantages of this process are that all thermosetting coating systems and workpiece shapes can be dried and an excellent optical quality of the coating can be achieved. A disadvantage is the required long residence time in the dryer, which can be between 3 and 35 minutes depending on the paint system, layer thickness of the paint job and applied temperature. In the case of the coating of plastics, the residence time in the dryer is typically 8 to 10 minutes. The convection process thus requires energy expenditure and - if high volumes per unit time are to be painted - a high expenditure on equipment.

Ein zweites, mögliches Verfahren zur Trocknung von lackierten Werkstücken ist die sogenannte Kondensationstrocknung. Hier wird mittels eines zirkulierenden, stark entfeuchteten Luftstromes (Feuchtengehalt < 6g/kg Luft) dem Lackfilm die Feuchtigkeit entzogen. Die Verweilzeit im Trockner beträgt zwischen 4 und 8 Minuten, die Trocknungstemperatur ca.300°C. Auf Grund dieses, im Vergleich zur Konvektionstrocknung stark reduzierten Aufwandes für Trocknungstemperatur und Trocknungszeit ist das Kondensationsverfahren kostengünstig. Allerdings erhält man mit dem Kondensationsverfahren nur eine - bezogen auf die geforderten Spezifikationen in der Automobilindustrie - unzureichende Oberflächenqualität des lackierten Werkstückes, so dass es hauptsächlich für die Antrocknung oder die Vortrocknung beim Nass- in Nass-Lackaufbau verwendet wird.A second possible method for drying painted workpieces is the so-called condensation drying. Here, by means of a circulating, strongly dehumidified air flow (moisture content <6 g / kg air), the moisture is removed from the paint film. The residence time in the dryer is between 4 and 8 minutes, the drying temperature about 300 ° C. Due to this, compared to the convection drying greatly reduced costs for drying temperature and drying time, the condensation process is inexpensive. However, with the condensation process only one - based on the required specifications in the automotive industry - insufficient surface quality of the painted workpiece, so that it is mainly used for drying or predrying in the wet in wet paint construction.

Ein drittes Trocknungsverfahren, das zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt, ist das Trocknen mittels Strahlen, bevorzugt mittels Infrarotstrahlen. Hiermit sind direkt bestrahlbare Werkstück-Partien in kurzer Zeit und mit guter Oberflächenqualität trockenbar. Hinterschneidungen lassen sich dagegen nur über Wärmeleitungen trocknen, mit der Gefahr örtlicher Überhitzung.A third drying process, which is becoming increasingly important, is drying by means of radiation, preferably by means of infrared rays. Hereby directly irradiable workpiece parts can be dried in a short time and with good surface quality. On the other hand, undercuts can only be dried using heat pipes, with the risk of local overheating.

Bekannt ist aus der DE 19937 193 A1 ein Verfahren zum Trocknen von wasserhaltigem Basislack sowie Einrichtung und Nachrüstsatz für Lackierkabinen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.
Es wird ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zu dessen Durchführung beschrieben, um den Trockenprozess von wasserhaltigen Basislack in Lackierkabinen besonders wirtschaftlich gestalten zu können. Hierzu wird vorgeschlagen, innerhalb der Lackierkabine Kabinenluft zu beschleunigen und das lackierte Objekt diesen beschleunigten Luftmassen auszusetzen. Die Einrichtung ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Lackierkabine, deren Kabinenraum über die Kabinendecke erwärmte Luft gefiltert zuführbar und über den Kabinenboden absaugbar ist, wobei zu mindest im oberen Drittel des Kabinenraumes wenigstens ein Gebläse zur Erzeugung eines am lackierten Objekt vorbeizuführenden Luftmassenstromes vorgesehen ist. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf einen Nachrüstsatz für eine Lackierkabine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.DE 19937193 A1 discloses a process for drying hydrous basecoat, as well as a device and retrofit kit for spray booths for carrying out the process.
It describes a method and a device for its implementation, in order to make the drying process of water-based basecoat in paint booths particularly economical. For this purpose, it is proposed to accelerate cabin air within the paint booth and to expose the painted object to these accelerated air masses. The device is characterized by a spray booth, the cabin space filtered via the cabin ceiling heated air can be sucked and sucked over the cabin floor, at least in the upper third of the cabin space at least one blower for generating an air mass flow past the painted object is provided. The invention further relates to a retrofit kit for a paint booth for carrying out the method.

Des Weiteren ist an der DE 41 06 573 C1 eine Vorrichtung zur kapazitiven Streufeldtrocknung von Wasserlacken auf ebenen Holz- und Holzwerkstoffflächen bei Arbeitsbreiten Größen 500mm bekannt.
Mit Rücksicht auf die gleichmäßige Trocknung über die ganze Arbeitsbreite ist die HF-Einspeisung in Verbindung mit der Anpassung so gestaltet, dass ein hochfrequentes elektrisches Streufeld ohne Magnetfeld zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Stabelektroden entsteht und auf die Wasserlacklamelle wirkt. Bei dem geringen Zugriff des elektrischen Feldes auf das Trägermaterial bleibt dies ohne störende Erwärmung und bedarf keiner nachträglichen Kühlung.Furthermore, DE 41 06 573 C1 a device for capacitive stray field drying of water-based paints on flat wood and wood-based surfaces at working widths sizes 500mm known.
In view of the uniform drying over the entire working width, the RF feed in conjunction with the adaptation is designed so that a high-frequency electrical stray field without magnetic field between the successive rod electrodes is formed and acts on the water paint fin. With the low access of the electric field to the substrate this remains without disturbing heating and requires no subsequent cooling.

Wasserlacke haben gegenüber herkömmlichen Lacken vor allem Nachteile bei der Trocknung. Die Nachteile liegen darin, dass diese ein Gemisch mit geringen Anteilen an organischen Lösungsmitteln und einen hohen Anteil an Wasser und Zusatzstoffen, wie Emulgatoren, enthalten. Wasser lässt sich naturgemäß wesentlich schwerer trocknen, als ein organisches Lösungsmittel. Weiterhin gibt es auf Grund der Zusatzstoffe auch noch schwerflüchtige Reste, welche die Trocknung verzögern und die Lackqualität beeinträchtigen können.Water-based paints have, compared to conventional paints, above all disadvantages during drying. The disadvantages are that they contain a mixture with small amounts of organic solvents and a high proportion of water and additives, such as emulsifiers. Naturally, water is much harder to dry than an organic solvent. Furthermore, because of the additives, there are also nonvolatile radicals which can delay the drying and impair the quality of the paint.

Bei Trockenverfahren, die mit Konvektionswärme bzw. mit IR- Licht, UV-Strahlen oder Mikrowellen arbeiten, liegen die Nachteile in der geringen Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit der lackierten Objekte, sowie der übermäßigen Erwärmung des Trägermaterials und der Umgebung. Die Folge sind höhere Energie Verluste und zusätzlich längere Kühlzeiten. Um eine höhere Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit zu erreichen, und damit eine Verkürzung der Abdunst- und Trockenzeit, wird das lackierte Objekt mit beschleunigter Luft abgeblasen. Zur Erzeugung des beschleunigten Luftstromes wird Pressluft verwendet. Dazu ist zum einen ein entsprechend hoher Energiebedarf und zum anderen eine Aufbereitungsanlage zur Abscheidung von Öl und anderen Verunreinigungen notwendig. Des weiteren besteht die Gefahr, dass die mit hoher Geschwindigkeit austretende Luft Staub und Farbreste aufwirbelt und diese sich an der lackierten Oberfläche ablagern, wodurch die Lackoberfläche beschädigt werden kann.In dry processes that use convection heat or with IR light, UV rays or microwaves, the disadvantages are the low flow speed of the painted objects, as well as the excessive heating of the substrate and the environment. The result is higher energy losses and longer cooling times. In order to achieve a higher throughput speed, and thus a shortening of the evaporation and drying time, the painted object is blown off with accelerated air. For generating the accelerated air flow compressed air is used. This requires, on the one hand, a correspondingly high energy requirement and, on the other hand, a treatment plant for the separation of oil and other impurities. Furthermore, there is a risk that the air escaping at high speed stirs up dust and paint residues and these deposit on the painted surface, whereby the paint surface can be damaged.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein wirtschaftliches Trocknungsverfahren für Wasserlacke zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem, bei höherer Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit, die Temperatur im Trägermaterial und der unmittelbaren Umgebung klein gehalten wird, eine gleichmäßigere Trocknung und eine hohe Lackoberflächenqualität erzielt wird. Des weiteren zielt die Erfindung darauf ab, eine entsprechende Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an economical drying process for water-based paints available, in which, at higher flow rate, the temperature in the substrate and the immediate environment is kept small, a more uniform drying and a high paint surface quality is achieved. Furthermore, the invention aims to provide a corresponding device for carrying out the method.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren gelöst, bei dem der auf das Objekt aufgebrachte Wasserlack nach Durchlauf einer an sich bekannten Abdunstzone in zwei in Reihe geschalteten Kondensationsstufen und einer Konvektionsstufe getrockneten wird. In der Abdunstzone werden Anteile von organischen Lösungsmitteln bei einer Temperatur im Bereich von 20 bis 260°C, einer relativen Luftfeuchte von 50 bis 80% über einen vorgegebenen Zeitraum von mindestens 2 Minuten entfernt. Insbesondere hier erfolgt eine Beruhigung des Lackfilms, so dass eingeschlossene Luft entweichen kann.
Anschließend durchläuft das lackierte Objekt eine erste Kondensationstrockenstufe. Die Trocknung erfolgt über einen Zeitraum von 1 bis 3 Minuten bei einer Luftgeschwindigkeit von 0,05 bis 5m/sec, einer Temperatur im Bereich von 25 bis 350°C und einer Luftfeuchte von 1 bis 5g/kg Luft. Das Einblasen der Luft erfolgt über die Filterdecke bzw. die Wände oder alternativ über Düsen. In dieser Zone beginnt die Entfeuchtung des Lackfilms bei niedrigeren Luftströmungsgeschwindigkeiten.
Danach durchläuft das lackierte vorgetrocknete Objekt eine zweite Kondensationstrockenstufe. Hier wird der Lackfilm über einen Zeitraum von 2 bis 8 Minuten bei einer Luftgeschwindigkeit von 0,5 m/sec bis 12m/sec, einer Luftfeuchte von 1 bis 5 g/kg Luft und einer Temperatur im Bereich von 25 bis 350°C getrocknet. Der Lufteinlass erfolgt wiederum über eine Filterdecke bzw. Wände oder alternativ über Düsen. In dieser Zone erfolgt die weitere Entfeuchtung des Lackfilms bei einer höheren Luft-Strömungsgeschwindigkeit auf einen Wert unter 10% Restfeuchte im Lackfilm. Daran schließt sich in Reihe geschaltet eine Konvektionstrockenstufe an, wobei das lackierte Objekt über einen Zeitraum von 2 bis 5 Minuten mit Luft bei einer Temperatur im Bereich von 50 bis 900°C abgeblasen wird. Hier erfolgt eine oberflächige Vemetzung des Lackfilms. Restwassergehalt und Restgehalt an organischen Lösemitteln werden auf ein Minimum reduziert.According to the invention the object is achieved by a method in which the water-based paint applied to the object is dried after passing through a known evaporation zone in two series-connected condensation stages and a convection stage. In the evaporation zone portions of organic solvents are removed at a temperature in the range of 20 to 260 ° C, a relative humidity of 50 to 80% over a predetermined period of at least 2 minutes. In particular, here a calming of the paint film, so that trapped air can escape.
Subsequently, the painted object passes through a first condensation drying stage. Drying takes place over a period of 1 to 3 minutes at an air velocity of 0.05 to 5 m / sec, a temperature in the range of 25 to 350 ° C and a humidity of 1 to 5g / kg of air. The blowing in of the air takes place via the filter cover or the walls or alternatively via nozzles. In this zone, dehumidification of the paint film begins at lower air flow speeds.
Thereafter, the painted pre-dried object passes through a second condensation drying stage. Here, the paint film over a period of 2 to 8 minutes at an air velocity of 0.5 m / sec to 12m / sec, a humidity of 1 to 5 g / kg of air and a temperature in the range of 25 to 350 ° C dried. The air inlet again takes place via a filter cover or walls or alternatively via nozzles. In this zone, the further dehumidification of the paint film takes place at a higher air flow rate to a value below 10% residual moisture in the paint film. This is followed by a convection drying stage connected in series, wherein the painted object is blown off over a period of 2 to 5 minutes with air at a temperature in the range of 50 to 900 ° C. Here, a superficial crosslinking of the paint film takes place. Residual water content and residual content of organic solvents are reduced to a minimum.

Abschließend werden die lackierten Objekte in einer Kühlzone auf eine Temperatur unter 300°C gekühlt. In Abhängigkeit zum Werkstoff wird in der Regel mit vorgekühlter Luft eine Absetzung der Objekttemperatur erreicht.Finally, the painted objects in a cooling zone are cooled to a temperature below 300 ° C. Depending on the material, a settling of the object temperature is generally achieved with precooled air.

Mit der Erfindung wird erreicht, dass störende Einflüsse des Gehaltes an Wasser und organischen Lösungsmitteln auf Farbton und Farbbrillanz eliminiert werden. Weiterhin wird der Lackfilm infolge der Warmlufttrocknung in der Konvektionstrockenstufe zusätzlich an der Oberfläche vernetzt. Durch den gezielten Einsatz der Kondensationstrocknung in Verbindung mit der Konvektionstrocknung und der Tatsache, dass eine aufwendige Kühlung nach dem Trockenprozess entfallen kann, lassen sich die Prozesszeiten um ca. 40% und die Energiekosten um ca. 20% reduzieren.With the invention it is achieved that interfering influences of the content of water and organic solvents on color tone and color brilliance are eliminated. Furthermore, the paint film is additionally crosslinked on the surface due to the hot air drying in the convection drying stage. The targeted use of condensation drying in conjunction with convection drying and the fact that expensive cooling can be dispensed with after the drying process mean that process times can be reduced by approx. 40% and energy costs by approx. 20%.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles soll die Erfindung näher beschrieben werden.
Die dazugehörige Figur 1 zeigt ein Schema der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.
Die Einrichtung besteht aus einem Kabinenraum 1, in dem in Reihe nacheinander eine Abdunstzone 2, eine erste Kondensationstrockenstufe 3, eine zweite Kondensationstrockenstufe 4, eine Konvektionsstufe 5 und eine Abkühlzone 6 angeordnet sind. Jede der einzelnen Zonen bzw. Stufen weist eine separate Luftzufuhr bzw. -abfuhr auf. Im Kabinenraum 1 ist ein Deckenbereich ein Seilförderer angeordnet. Dieser transportiert die an eine Gehänge angeordnete Objekte - in diesem Beispiel Stoßfängerdurch die im Kabinenraum 1 angeordneten Zonen bzw. Stufen.
Der am Gehänge fixierte Stoßfänger tritt am Eingang des Kabinenraumes 1, nach dem er in einer nicht näher dargestellten Lackieranlage mit einem Wasserlackfilm versehen wurde, in die Abdunstzone 2 ein. Zur Abdunstung von organischen Lösungsmitteln und zur Beruhigung des Lackfilms verweilt der Stoßfänger ca. 3 Minuten in der Abdunstzone 2. Bei einer Lufttemperatur von 230°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchte von 65% können organische Lösungsmittel abdunsten.
Nach Ablauf der Verweilzeit tritt der Stoßfänger in die erste Kondensationstrockenstufe 3 ein. Bei einer Verweilzeit von 1 Minute und einer Luftfeuchte von 3g/kg Luft beginnt die Entfeuchtung des auf den Stoßfänger angebrachten Lackfilmes. Die Temperatur der eingebrachten Luft beträgt 300°C. Die Luft wird mittels eines oder mehreren Ventilatoren 7 über eine Filterdecke bzw. -wände eingeblasen.Reference to an embodiment, the invention will be described in detail.
The associated figure 1 shows a diagram of the device according to the invention for carrying out the method.
The device consists of a cabin space 1, in which an evaporation zone 2, a first condensation drying stage 3, a second condensation drying stage 4, a convection stage 5 and a cooling zone 6 are arranged in series one after the other. Each of the individual zones or stages has a separate air supply or removal. In the cabin room 1, a ceiling area a cable conveyor is arranged. This transports arranged on a hanger objects - in this example bumper through the arranged in the cabin space 1 zones or stages.
The fixed to the hanger bumper occurs at the entrance of the cabin space 1, after which he was provided in a paint shop not shown with a water-based paint film, in the evaporation zone 2 a. For evaporation of organic solvents and for calming the paint film, the bumper lingers in the evaporation zone 2 for approx. 3 minutes. At an air temperature of 230 ° C and a relative humidity of 65%, organic solvents can evaporate.
After the residence time has elapsed, the bumper enters the first condensation drying stage 3. With a residence time of 1 minute and a humidity of 3g / kg air, the dehumidification of the paint film applied to the bumper begins. The temperature of the introduced air is 300 ° C. The air is blown by means of one or more fans 7 through a filter cover or walls.

Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ist mit 0,5 m/sec niedrig eingestellt. Die Ventilatoren 7 sind so angelegt, dass sie vorzugsweise stufenlos einstellbar sind.The flow rate is set low at 0.5 m / sec. The fans 7 are designed so that they are preferably infinitely adjustable.

Anschließend erfolgt die Weiterleitung des Stoßfängers in die zweite Kondensationstrockenstufe 4. Hier wird der Lackfilm bei einer Verweilzeit von 4 Minuten, einer Temperatur von 300°C und einer Luftfeuchte von 3g/kg Luft weiter getrocknet. Die Luft wird mittels Ventilatoren 7 über die Filterdecke bzw. -wände eingeblasen. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit beträgt 1 m/sec und liegt damit höher als in der Kondensationstrockenstufe 3. In der Kondensationstrockenstufe 4 wird der Lackfilm auf eine Restfeuchte unter 10% getrocknet.
Anschließend wird der Stoßfänger in die Konvektionstrockenstufe 5 verfahren. Bei einer Verweilzeit von 3 Minuten und einer Lufttemperatur von 600°C erfolgt eine oberflächige Vernetzung des Lackfilms. Restwassergehalt und Restgehalt an organischen Lösungsmittel werden auf ein Minimum reduziert.
In der sich daran anschließenden Kühlzone 6 wird der Stoßfänger auf eine Objekttemperatur unter 300°C gekühlt und verlässt dann über den Ausgang den Kabinenraum 1.Subsequently, the bumpers are forwarded to the second condensation drying stage 4. Here, the paint film is further dried with a residence time of 4 minutes, a temperature of 300 ° C. and a relative humidity of 3 g / kg of air. The air is blown in via fans 7 over the filter cover or walls. The flow rate is 1 m / sec and is thus higher than in the condensation drying stage 3. In the condensation drying stage 4, the paint film is dried to a residual moisture content of less than 10%.
Subsequently, the bumper is moved into the convection drying stage 5. At a residence time of 3 minutes and an air temperature of 600 ° C, a surface crosslinking of the paint film takes place. Residual water content and residual content of organic solvents are reduced to a minimum.
In the adjoining cooling zone 6, the bumper is cooled to an object temperature below 300 ° C. and then leaves the cabin space 1 via the exit.

Um die entsprechenden Verweilzeiten des Stoßfängers in den Zonen bzw. Stufen zu realisieren sind diese entsprechend in ihrer Länge ausgebildet. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, den Förderer entsprechend so auszubilden, dass bei konstanter Länge der Zonen bzw. Stufen die geforderten Verweilzeiten realisiert werden. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erfolgen, dass der Förderer eine mäanderförmige Bahn innerhalb des Kabinenraumes 1 beschreibt. Jeder der einzelnen Stufen bzw. Stufen sind Ventilatoren 7, die in ihrer Drehzahl stufenlos verstellbar sind, sowie Einrichtungen 8 zur Aufheizung bzw. Abkühlung der einzublasenden Luft zugeordnet. Über entsprechende Messwertaufnehmer können die Parameter in jeder Zone ermittelt werden und die Aggregate gesteuert werden. Insgesamt ergibt sich eine Einrichtung zur Trocknung, die im Durchlaufverfahren arbeitet.In order to realize the corresponding residence times of the bumper in the zones or stages, these are formed correspondingly in their length. It is also possible to form the conveyor accordingly so that the required residence times are realized with a constant length of the zones or stages. This can be done, for example, by the fact that the conveyor describes a meandering path within the cabin space 1. Each of the individual stages or stages are fans 7, which are infinitely variable in their speed, as well as associated with means 8 for heating or cooling of the air to be injected. Using appropriate transducers, the parameters can be determined in each zone and the units are controlled. Overall, there is a device for drying, which works in a continuous process.

Claims (6)

  1. Method of drying water-bearing lacquers applied to an object in lacquering machines, consisting of the following steps:
    - Partial removal of the organic solvent in an evaporation zone (2) at a temperature in a range of 20 to 260 °C, a relative humidity of 50 to 80% and a retention time of at least 2 minutes.
    - Drying in a first condensation stage (3) at a temperature in a range of 25 to 350 °C, a humidity of 1 to 5 g/kg of air, a retention time of 1 to 3 minutes and a low air flow velocity.
    - Drying in a second condensation drying stage (4) at a temperature in a range of 25 to 350 °C, a humidity of 1 to 5 g/kg of air, a retention time of 2 to 8 minutes and a higher air flow velocity.
    - Drying in a convection stage (5) at a temperature in a range of 50 to 900 °C and a retention time of 2 to 5 minutes.
    - Cooling of the lacquered objects in the cooling zone (6) by injection of cooled air to an object temperature below 300 °C. The objects are transported by a continuous conveyor through the above zones and stages.
  2. Method of drying according to Claim 1, characterised by: The air in the first condensation drying stage (3) is injected at a flow velocity of 0.05 to 5m/s.
  3. Method of drying according to Claim 1, characterised by: The air in the second condensation drying stage (4) is injected at a flow velocity of 0.5 to 12m/s.
  4. Equipment to execute the method of drying water-bearing lacquers applied to an object in lacquering machines with a drying area located between the evaporation zone (2) and the cooling zone (6) and a conveyor for the lacquered objects according to Claims 1 to 3, characterised by: The drying area consists of a first condensation drying stage (3), a second condensation drying stage (4) and a convection drying stage (5), in which these are located in a compartment (1) between the evaporation zone (2) and the cooling zone (6) in a line one after the other and are equipped with a common conveyor.
  5. Equipment according to Claim 4, characterised by: Each of the zones (2) and (6) and the stages (3), (4) and (5) are equipped with fans (7) with infinitely adjustable speed and equipment (8) to heat and cool the injected air.
  6. Equipment according to Claims 4 and 5, characterised by: Each of the zones (2) and (6) and the stages (3), (4) and (5) are equipped with sensors with which the parameters in the zones and stages can be measured and the fans (7) and equipment (8) to heat and cool the injected air can be controlled according to these.
EP02743176A 2001-06-15 2002-06-11 Method and device for drying Expired - Lifetime EP1395784B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10128794A DE10128794B4 (en) 2001-06-15 2001-06-15 Method and device for drying
DE10128794 2001-06-15
PCT/EP2002/006387 WO2003002924A1 (en) 2001-06-15 2002-06-11 Method and device for drying

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EP1395784A1 EP1395784A1 (en) 2004-03-10
EP1395784B1 true EP1395784B1 (en) 2006-05-24

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EP02743176A Expired - Lifetime EP1395784B1 (en) 2001-06-15 2002-06-11 Method and device for drying

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EP (1) EP1395784B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE327490T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ297836B6 (en)
DE (2) DE10128794B4 (en)
ES (1) ES2264483T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2003002924A1 (en)

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DE102011119733A1 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Heinz-Glas Gmbh Infrared drying system
DE102015214706A1 (en) 2015-07-31 2017-02-02 Dürr Systems Ag Treatment plant and method for treating workpieces
DE102015214711A1 (en) 2015-07-31 2017-02-02 Dürr Systems Ag Treatment plant and method for treating workpieces

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3842642A1 (en) * 1988-12-18 1990-07-05 Bookmann Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRINKING OR COATING OBJECTS
DE4106573C1 (en) 1991-03-01 1992-07-16 Josef Prof. Dr.-Ing. 8200 Rosenheim De Gefahrt Water-based wood varnish drier - applies capacitative stray field to horizontal conveyor of low dielectric loss carrying flat wood pieces or wooden surfaces greater than 500 mm in width
DE9109134U1 (en) * 1991-07-24 1991-10-02 Herrmann, Johannes, 8490 Cham Painting and drying booth
US5396716A (en) * 1993-07-20 1995-03-14 Smart Machine Technologies, Inc. Jet tube dryer with independently controllable modules
DE19644717A1 (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-04-30 Schlierbach Gmbh Process for drying thin layers and device for carrying out the process
US6035547A (en) * 1998-08-17 2000-03-14 Chrysler Corporation Water-borne basecoat flash process
DE19937193B4 (en) * 1999-08-06 2006-01-19 Tiemo Sehon Process for drying hydrous basecoat, and equipment and retrofit kit for paint booths for carrying out the process
US6291018B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2001-09-18 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method for applying a composite coating having a polychromatic effect onto a substrate
DE10030383C1 (en) * 2000-06-21 2001-10-04 Daimler Chrysler Ag Non-thermal drying of water-based paint on bodywork, employs constant capacity dryer for recirculated air, operated with variable bypass

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DE10128794B4 (en) 2005-02-17
ATE327490T1 (en) 2006-06-15
DE10128794A1 (en) 2003-01-02
CZ200466A3 (en) 2005-02-16
ES2264483T3 (en) 2007-01-01
CZ297836B6 (en) 2007-04-11
EP1395784A1 (en) 2004-03-10
DE50206907D1 (en) 2006-06-29
WO2003002924A1 (en) 2003-01-09

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