EP0934497B1 - Method and device for drying thin coatings - Google Patents
Method and device for drying thin coatings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0934497B1 EP0934497B1 EP97945828A EP97945828A EP0934497B1 EP 0934497 B1 EP0934497 B1 EP 0934497B1 EP 97945828 A EP97945828 A EP 97945828A EP 97945828 A EP97945828 A EP 97945828A EP 0934497 B1 EP0934497 B1 EP 0934497B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- drying
- housing
- dry air
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/08—Humidity
- F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2210/12—Vehicle bodies, e.g. after being painted
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for drying thin layers based on water, solvent or alcohol, which were applied to objects by spraying, dipping or brushing, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.
- the materials described are used for coating a wide variety of objects, for example for coating and painting auto parts, machine components, metal sheets and the like.
- the coatings applied and then dried are applied and then dried.
- Drying takes place according to the state of the art either by infrared radiation or by warm Air is passed over the coated objects, so that drying is done by heat convection. After this There are also combined methods in the prior art, wherein the coated objects simultaneously warm air and be exposed to additional infrared radiation.
- the workpieces are heated to 60 ° C to 120 ° C, to the moisture contained in the thin layer evaporate. This causes considerable temperature loads on the components and partly thermal chemical Implementations on.
- Another major disadvantage is skin formation over still damp base layers when painting over warm air and the heating of the workpieces to high temperatures.
- the prior art also belongs a method and a device for fully automatic Drying cleaned items. According to this method works with drying air, which has a temperature range of 40 ° C to 80 ° C. As already stated several times, this high temperature range of considerable disadvantage.
- the technical problem underlying the invention consists of a drying process as well as a device to carry out the procedure whereby the Drying time is significantly reduced, which is a significant there is less energy consumption, and that is also applicable to heat sensitive parts.
- the dry air By using air to dry the has a relative humidity between 0% and 30%, preferably a relative humidity of approx. 10% (dry Air), and in that the dry air over and / or around the workpiece to be dried is taken, the dry air the moisture of the applied on the workpiece Thin film on. Because the workpiece is constantly dry air is supplied, is always approximate maintain equal vapor pressure difference, whereby the evaporation of moisture on the workpiece surface is accelerated. The moisture coming out in vapor form is immediately absorbed by the ambient air. According to the The inventive method is the temperature of the air by means of an additional cooling device with an in Circulating refrigerant and through a subsequent Warming at a low temperature level kept from 15 ° C to 60 ° C.
- moisture air that is air with a relative humidity of more than 40%, in a dry air unit obtained by condensation.
- the air is warmed up again Moisture absorption fed to the paint.
- the dry air takes away the moisture of the thin layer on the workpieces.
- the workpieces are themselves in one housing.
- the housing can be used as a cabinet Recording of the workpieces can be formed, for example large workpieces, such as lower parts of buses or the like, to be ordered.
- the Air is then heated again and the one to be dried Workpieces fed again.
- the drying process according to the invention is a closed one System in which there is no exhaust air. This has the advantage that no odorants, no moisture and no heat is transported outside.
- the heat generated when the air is dehumidified is used for reheating the air after dehumidifying used.
- the housings intended for drying are the Adjusted conditions of the individual case.
- Vehicle underbodies are dried by buses an appropriate dryer tunnel is required through which the entire underbody of a bus can be driven through can.
- an appropriate dryer tunnel is required through which the entire underbody of a bus can be driven through can.
- railway and car models can be provided a kind of drawer system in which each model is arranged individually. The dry air is here through the individual drawers of the Drawer system directed.
- the inventive method has the advantage that much less time is required for drying is as with the methods belonging to the prior art.
- the Drying process depending on the material and surface, between three and ten minutes.
- the time spent can range from twelve to fifteen minutes increase. This is because the dry air is cracked and recesses can not penetrate so well, so that in These cracks and recesses are exposed to air that is filled with liquid is saturated, so that the drying process stagnates.
- the time for air drying is at about three to four minutes.
- the time for that Air drying depends on the type of coating liquid used.
- Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that only 10% to 25% of the energy required for the stand the method belonging to the technology is required.
- Fig. 1 The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is for the invention is not claimed, but it is for the in Fig. 2 shown device relevant.
- Fig. 1 shows a device (1) with a drainage device (2) for a water-based paint layer, through the humid air (3).
- the humid air (3) is in the dewatering device (2) Condensation drains so that the air has a vapor partial pressure from 0 to 16 mbar.
- the condensate (12) is collected in a basin (4).
- the condensed Air (5) is passed through a heater (17) and by means of a fan (7) in the direction of arrow (A) in an area (8) of the device (1) directed.
- the dry one Air sweeps through circulation over workpieces (9), which are coated and should be dried.
- the dry air takes the moisture out of the paint on, so that the air in area (10) in turn a higher has relative humidity.
- the air has a temperature of 15 ° C. in area (8) up to 60 ° C.
- the workpieces (9) are painted over not with the dry air heated to 15 ° C to 60 ° C significantly heated because the evaporative cooling Surface of the workpieces (9) remains cold.
- the device (1) forms a closed cycle for the circulating air.
- the device (1) can also have an open circuit be driven.
- the device (1) be designed as a continuous system with open passage openings for the parts to be dried.
- the device (1) has a housing (11) in which the process of dehydrating the air, heating the dry Air, drying the workpieces and returning the moist air to the drainage device (2) in a closed Cycle is carried out.
- the device works in the same way for the Drying of any kind of thin layers, be it on water, Alcohol or other solvent based, but also when using grease or glue and the like.
- the drying device (1) in a preferred embodiment of the invention an additional Cooling device (13).
- the additional cooling device (13) becomes a circulating refrigerant, with which the drainage device (2) operated is cooled. This is necessary to get a low one To maintain the temperature level of the drainage device (2).
- the moist air (3) is in the drainage device (2) dewatered by condensation, so this will the refrigerant with which the drainage device (2) is operated, heated.
- the warmed refrigerant arrives from the dewatering device (2) into a compressor (14).
- the refrigerant is in the compressor (14) compresses, causing the refrigerant to heat up. This further heating is based essentially on the heat of compression.
- the compressed comes out of the compressor (14) Refrigerant in the refrigerant condenser (6).
- the heated refrigerant is in the refrigerant condenser (6) the dry air (5) to a predetermined temperature heated to this heated air then in area (8) to dry the workpieces (9).
- the refrigerant is pre-cooled.
- the pre-cooled refrigerant then passes into another refrigerant condenser (15).
- the pre-cooled is in the refrigerant condenser (15)
- Refrigerant with the help of circulating air, which by means of a Fan (16) from the vicinity of the drying device (1) is removed, cooled further.
- the air circulation has essentially room temperature.
- the refrigerant used in the refrigeration cycle is always cooled, such that a drainage of the circulating air in the drainage device (2) is optimally executable.
- the housing (11) Drying device (1) As the temperature of the dry air (5), which leads to Drying of the workpieces (9) in the area (8) is used, is approximately 15 ° C to 60 ° C, the housing (11) Drying device (1) as a non-thermally insulated housing be trained.
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- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Trocknen von
Dünnschichten auf Wasser-, Lösungsmittel- oder
Alkoholbasis, die durch Spritzen, Tauchen oder Streichen
auf Gegenständen aufgebracht wurden, sowie eine Vorrichtung
zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.
Die beschriebenen Materialien werden zum Beschichten der
verschiedensten Gegenstände verwendet, beispielsweise zum
Beschichten und Lackieren von Autoteilen, Maschinenbauteilen,
Blechen und dergleichen mehr.The invention relates to a method for drying thin layers based on water, solvent or alcohol, which were applied to objects by spraying, dipping or brushing, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.
The materials described are used for coating a wide variety of objects, for example for coating and painting auto parts, machine components, metal sheets and the like.
Nach dem Stand der Technik werden die Beschichtungen aufgebracht und anschließend getrocknet. According to the state of the art, the coatings applied and then dried.
Die Trocknung erfolgt nach dem Stand der Technik entweder durch Infrarotbestrahlung oder dadurch, daß warme Luft über die beschichteten Gegenstände geleitet wird, so daß die Trocknung durch Wärmekonvektion erfolgt. Nach dem Stand der Technik gibt es auch kombinierte Verfahren, wobei die beschichteten Gegenstände gleichzeitig warmer Luft und einer zusätzlichen Infrarotbestrahlung ausgesetzt werden. Hierbei werden die Werkstücke auf 60 °C bis 120 °C erhitzt, um die in der Dünnschicht enthaltene Feuchtigkeit zu verdampfen. Dadurch treten erhebliche Temperaturbelastungen an den Bauteilen und zum Teil thermisch bedingte chemische Umsetzungen auf.Drying takes place according to the state of the art either by infrared radiation or by warm Air is passed over the coated objects, so that drying is done by heat convection. After this There are also combined methods in the prior art, wherein the coated objects simultaneously warm air and be exposed to additional infrared radiation. The workpieces are heated to 60 ° C to 120 ° C, to the moisture contained in the thin layer evaporate. This causes considerable temperature loads on the components and partly thermal chemical Implementations on.
Die zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Verfahren haben den Nachteil, daß sie sehr energie- und zeitaufwendig sind, letzteres insbesondere durch Aufheizen des Werkstückes, auf dem die Dünnschicht aufgebracht ist, so daß die Trocknung mehrere Stunden erfordert. Darüber hinaus müssen die Werkstücke nach dem Trocknen von ihrer Aufheiztemperatur, das heißt von 60 °C bis 120 °C, wieder auf circa 30 °C abgekühlt werden, damit eine Weiterverarbeitung dieser Teile erfolgen kann und diese Teile handhabbar sind.The methods belonging to the prior art the disadvantage that they are very energy and time consuming, the latter in particular by heating the workpiece which the thin layer is applied so that the drying requires several hours. In addition, the workpieces after drying from their heating temperature, the means from 60 ° C to 120 ° C, again cooled down to about 30 ° C so that further processing of these parts can be done and these parts are manageable.
Ein wesentlicher Nachteil ist ferner die Hautbildung über noch feuchten Grundschichten bei dem Überstreichen mit warmer Luft und die Erwärmung der Werkstücke auf hohe Temperaturen.Another major disadvantage is skin formation over still damp base layers when painting over warm air and the heating of the workpieces to high temperatures.
Werden die Werkstücke während des Trocknungsverfahrens beispielsweise auf einem Förderband transportiert, besteht bei den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Verfahren die Gefahr einer Überhitzung bei einem Förderbandstillstand.Will the workpieces during the drying process transported on a conveyor belt, for example in the case of the processes belonging to the prior art, the danger overheating during a conveyor belt stoppage.
Weitere Nachteile der zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Trocknungsverfahren sind, daß Wärme, Feuchtigkeit und Geruchsstoffe in die Umwelt entweichen können, und daß eine Isolierung der warmluftführenden Bauteile notwendig ist, zum einen, um den Energieverbrauch in Grenzen zu halten und zum anderen, um arbeitende Personen zu schützen.Other disadvantages of the prior art Drying processes are heat, moisture and odorants can escape into the environment, and that a Insulation of the hot air-carrying components is necessary, on the one hand to keep energy consumption within limits and on the other hand, to protect working people.
Bei den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Trocknungsverfahren kann die Wärmeeinwirkung auf die Oberfläche einer Dünnschicht zum Verschließen und zur Bildung von Bläschen führen. Dadurch ist die Durchtrocknung der Schicht bis auf das Grundmaterial nicht gesichert.In the drying processes belonging to the state of the art can affect the heat on the surface of a Thin layer for sealing and for the formation of bubbles to lead. This means that the layer is completely dry the base material is not secured.
Darüber hinaus treten bei den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Trocknungsverfahren häufig Farbtonverschiebungen auf, die nicht erwünscht sind. Weiterhin tritt bei den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Trocknungsverfahren bei den Lacken eine "Orangenhaut" auf, das heißt, der Lack ist nach dem Trocknen leicht gewellt.In addition, the state of the art associated drying processes often shifts in color that are not wanted. Furthermore occurs at the State of the art drying process in the Paint an "orange peel", that is, the paint is after slightly wavy after drying.
Gemäß dem Stand der Technik (DE 295 04 040 U1) ist ein Industrietrockner mit verbessertem Wirkungsgrad bekannt.According to the prior art (DE 295 04 040 U1) is a Industrial dryer with improved efficiency known.
Nachteil dieses zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Industrietrockners ist, dass die Temperatur der entfeuchteten Luft nicht einstellbar ist, da der Luftentfeuchter (2) baulich vorbestimmt ist durch den Wärmetauscher (15), den Luftkühler (16), den Wärmetauscher (17) und den Lufterhitzer (18). Bei diesen zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Industrietrocknern wird keine Energie aus dem System abgeführt, so dass sich die Temperatur selbsttätig einstellt und damit sich während des Trocknungsprozesses kontinuierlich erhöht.Disadvantage of this is part of the prior art Industrial dryer is that the temperature of the dehumidified Air is not adjustable because of the dehumidifier (2) is structurally predetermined by the heat exchanger (15), the air cooler (16), the heat exchanger (17) and the Air heater (18). With these to the state of the art belonging industrial dryers is no energy from the System dissipated so that the temperature automatically adjusts and thus during the drying process continuously increased.
Zum Stand der Technik (DE 37 34 994 A1) gehört weiterhin ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zum vollautomatischen Trocknen von gereinigten Gegenständen. Gemäß diesem Verfahren wird mit einer Trocknungsluft gearbeitet, die einen Temperaturbereich von 40 °C bis 80 °C aufweist. Wie schon mehrfach ausgeführt, ist dieser hohe Temperaturbereich von erheblichem Nachteil.The prior art (DE 37 34 994 A1) also belongs a method and a device for fully automatic Drying cleaned items. According to this method works with drying air, which has a temperature range of 40 ° C to 80 ° C. As already stated several times, this high temperature range of considerable disadvantage.
Weiterhin gehört zum Stand der Technik (US-A-4,365,480) eine Vorrichtung zum Auskondensieren von Wasser aus einem Gas. Mit dieser Vorrichtung ist jedoch eine Trocknung von Lackschichten auf Werkstücken nicht möglich.It also belongs to the state of the art (US-A-4,365,480) an apparatus for condensing out Water from a gas. With this device, however drying of layers of paint on workpieces is not possible.
Das der Erfindung zugrunde liegende technische Problem besteht darin, ein Trocknungsverfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens anzugeben, bei dem die Trocknungszeit erheblich verkürzt ist, bei dem ein wesentlich geringerer Energieverbrauch gegeben ist, und das darüber hinaus bei hitzeempfindlichen Teilen anwendbar ist.The technical problem underlying the invention consists of a drying process as well as a device to carry out the procedure whereby the Drying time is significantly reduced, which is a significant there is less energy consumption, and that is also applicable to heat sensitive parts.
Dieses technische Problem wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 sowie die Merkmale des Anspruches 8 gelöst.This technical problem is caused by the characteristics of the Claim 1 and the features of claim 8 solved.
Dadurch, daß zum Trocknen Luft verwendet wird, die eine relative Feuchte zwischen 0 % und 30 % aufweist, vorzugsweise eine relative Feuchte von circa 10 % (trockene Luft), und dadurch, daß die trockene Luft über und/oder um das zu trocknende Werkstück geleitet wird, nimmt die trockene Luft die Feuchtigkeit der auf dem Werkstück aufgebrachten Dünnschicht auf. Dadurch, daß dem Werkstück ständig trockene Luft zugeführt wird, wird eine immer annähernd gleich große Dampfdruckdifferenz aufrechterhalten, wodurch das Abdunsten der Feuchtigkeit an der Werkstückoberfläche beschleunigt wird. Die dampfförmig austretende Feuchtigkeit wird von der Umgebungsluft sofort aufgenommen. Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Temperatur der Luft mittels einer zusätzlichen Kühlvorrichtung mit einem im Kreislauf zirkulierenden Kältemittel und durch eine anschließende Erwärmung auf einem niedrigen Temperaturniveau von 15 °C bis 60 °C gehalten.By using air to dry the has a relative humidity between 0% and 30%, preferably a relative humidity of approx. 10% (dry Air), and in that the dry air over and / or around the workpiece to be dried is taken, the dry air the moisture of the applied on the workpiece Thin film on. Because the workpiece is constantly dry air is supplied, is always approximate maintain equal vapor pressure difference, whereby the evaporation of moisture on the workpiece surface is accelerated. The moisture coming out in vapor form is immediately absorbed by the ambient air. According to the The inventive method is the temperature of the air by means of an additional cooling device with an in Circulating refrigerant and through a subsequent Warming at a low temperature level kept from 15 ° C to 60 ° C.
Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die trockene Luft durch Abkühlen sogenannter "feuchter Luft", also Luft mit einer relativen Feuchte von mehr als 40 %, in einem Trockenluftaggregat durch Kondensation gewonnen. Nach dem Entwässern wird die Luft wieder erwärmt und zur Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme dem Lackiergut zugeführt.According to the method of the invention dry air by cooling so-called "moist air", that is air with a relative humidity of more than 40%, in a dry air unit obtained by condensation. To After dewatering, the air is warmed up again Moisture absorption fed to the paint.
Die trockene Luft nimmt die Feuchtigkeit der Dünnschicht auf den Werkstücken auf. Die Werkstücke befinden sich in einem Gehäuse. Das Gehäuse kann als Schrank zur Aufnahme der Werkstücke ausgebildet sein, in dem beispielsweise große Werkstücke, wie Unterteile von Bussen oder dergleichen, angeordnet werden. Nachdem die Luft über die zu trocknenden Werkstücke geleitet worden ist, verläßt die Luft das Gehäuse und wird wiederum dem Trockenluftaggregat zugeführt, so daß die Luft wieder entfeuchtet wird. Die Luft wird anschließend wiederum erwärmt und den zu trocknenden Werkstücken erneut zugeführt.The dry air takes away the moisture of the thin layer on the workpieces. The workpieces are themselves in one housing. The housing can be used as a cabinet Recording of the workpieces can be formed, for example large workpieces, such as lower parts of buses or the like, to be ordered. After the air is over drying workpieces has been passed, leaves the Air the housing and in turn becomes the dry air unit fed so that the air is dehumidified again. The Air is then heated again and the one to be dried Workpieces fed again.
Der erfindungsgemäße Trocknungsvorgang stellt ein geschlossenes System dar, bei dem keine Abluft entsteht. Dieses hat den Vorteil, daß keine Geruchsstoffe, keine Feuchtigkeit und keine Wärme nach außen transportiert werden. The drying process according to the invention is a closed one System in which there is no exhaust air. This has the advantage that no odorants, no moisture and no heat is transported outside.
Die bei der Entfeuchtung der Luft entstehende Wärme wird für die Wiedererwärmung der Luft nach dem Entfeuchten verwendet. The heat generated when the air is dehumidified is used for reheating the air after dehumidifying used.
Hierdurch ist gewährleistet, daß das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nur einen sehr geringen Energieverbrauch hat, da ein geschlossenes System vorhanden ist.This ensures that the invention Process has very low energy consumption because a closed system is in place.
Die entfeuchtete Luft wird auf eine Temperatur von
circa 15 °C bis 60 °C erwärmt. Dieses ist ausreichend für
die Trocknung mit trockener Luft. Dadurch weist das erfindungsgemäße
Verfahren folgende Vorteile auf:
Dadurch, daß die Werkstücke keinen thermischen Belastungen ausgesetzt werden bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, ist es möglich, auch hitzeempfindliche Teile zu trocknen. Das bedeutet, daß beispielsweise Kunststoffteile getrocknet werden können, die nicht über 50 °C bis 60 °C erhitzt werden dürfen. Es ist auch möglich, Teile zu trocknen, die schon mit beispielsweise Gummidichtungen oder Ölfüllungen versehen sind. Durch die relativ niedrigen Temperaturen nehmen diese keinen Schaden.Because the workpieces have no thermal loads are suspended in the method according to the invention, it is also possible to dry heat sensitive parts. This means that, for example, plastic parts are dried that can not be heated above 50 ° C to 60 ° C may be. It is also possible to dry parts already with rubber seals or oil fillings, for example are provided. Due to the relatively low temperatures take no harm.
Durch die niedrigen Temperaturen ist darüber hinaus keine Isolierung der Vorrichtung notwendig, da laut Sicherheitsbestimmungen die Arbeitstemperaturen nur bis 20 °C über der Raumtemperatur liegen dürfen.Due to the low temperatures is beyond that No isolation of the device necessary, because according to safety regulations the working temperatures only up to 20 ° C may be above room temperature.
Die für die Trocknung vorgesehenen Gehäuse werden den Bedingungen des Einzelfalles angepaßt. Sollen beispielsweise Fahrzeugunterböden von Bussen getrocknet werden, ist ein entsprechender Trocknertunnel erforderlich, durch den der gesamte Unterboden eines Busses durchgefahren werden kann. Für die Trocknung von Eisenbahn- und Automodellen kann eine Art Schubladensystem vorgesehen sein, in dem jedes Modell einzeln angeordnet wird. Die trockene Luft wird hierbei durch die einzelnen Schubladen des Schubladensystems geleitet.The housings intended for drying are the Adjusted conditions of the individual case. For example Vehicle underbodies are dried by buses an appropriate dryer tunnel is required through which the entire underbody of a bus can be driven through can. For drying railway and car models can be provided a kind of drawer system in which each model is arranged individually. The dry air is here through the individual drawers of the Drawer system directed.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat den Vorteil, daß zur Trocknung ein wesentlich geringerer Zeitaufwand notwendig ist als bei den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Verfahren. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren dauert der Trocknungsvorgang, je nach Material und Oberfläche, zwischen drei und zehn Minuten. Bei sehr zerklüfteten Teilen kann sich der Zeitaufwand auf zwölf bis fünfzehn Minuten erhöhen. Dieses liegt daran, daß die trockene Luft in Ritze und Ausnehmungen nicht so gut eindringen kann, so daß in diesen Ritzen und Ausnehmungen Luft steht, die mit Flüssigkeit gesättigt ist, so daß der Trocknungsvorgang stagniert. Hier kann mittels eines Gebläses oder mittels Düsen die Luftzirkulation in alle Ritzen und Ausnehmungen gewährleistet werden.The inventive method has the advantage that much less time is required for drying is as with the methods belonging to the prior art. With the method according to the invention, the Drying process, depending on the material and surface, between three and ten minutes. For very jagged parts the time spent can range from twelve to fifteen minutes increase. This is because the dry air is cracked and recesses can not penetrate so well, so that in These cracks and recesses are exposed to air that is filled with liquid is saturated, so that the drying process stagnates. Here you can use a blower or nozzles Air circulation guaranteed in all gaps and recesses become.
Bei ebenen Blechen liegt die Zeit für die Lufttrocknung bei circa drei bis vier Minuten. Die Zeit für die Lufttrocknung ist abhängig von der Art der verwendeten Beschichtungsflüssigkeit. With flat sheets, the time for air drying is at about three to four minutes. The time for that Air drying depends on the type of coating liquid used.
Weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist, daß nur 10 % bis 25 % des Energieaufwandes der zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Verfahren benötigt wird.Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that only 10% to 25% of the energy required for the stand the method belonging to the technology is required.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung können den Unteransprüchen entnommen werden.Further details of the invention can be found in the subclaims be removed.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Trocknungsvorrichtung;
- Fig. 2
- eine Trocknungsvorrichtung mit einer zusätzlichen Kühlvorrichtung.
- Fig. 1
- a drying device;
- Fig. 2
- a drying device with an additional cooling device.
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ausführungsform wird für die Erfindung nicht beansprucht, sie ist jedoch für die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Vorrichtung relevant.The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is for the invention is not claimed, but it is for the in Fig. 2 shown device relevant.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung (1) mit einer Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) für eine Lackschicht auf Wasserbasis, durch die feuchte Luft (3) geleitet wird. Die feuchte Luft (3) wird in der Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) durch Kondensation entwässert, derart, daß die Luft einen Dampfpartialdruck von 0 bis 16 mbar aufweist. Das Kondensat (12) wird in einem Becken (4) aufgefangen. Die auskondensierte Luft (5) wird durch eine Heizvorrichtung (17) geleitet und mittels eines Ventilators (7) in Richtung des Pfeiles (A) in einen Bereich (8) der Vorrichtung (1) geleitet. Die trockene Luft streicht hierbei durch Zirkulation über Werkstücke (9), welche beschichtet sind und getrocknet werden sollen. Die trockene Luft nimmt hierbei die Feuchtigkeit aus dem Lack auf, so daß die Luft im Bereich (10) wiederum eine höhere relative Feuchte aufweist. Fig. 1 shows a device (1) with a drainage device (2) for a water-based paint layer, through the humid air (3). The humid air (3) is in the dewatering device (2) Condensation drains so that the air has a vapor partial pressure from 0 to 16 mbar. The condensate (12) is collected in a basin (4). The condensed Air (5) is passed through a heater (17) and by means of a fan (7) in the direction of arrow (A) in an area (8) of the device (1) directed. The dry one Air sweeps through circulation over workpieces (9), which are coated and should be dried. The dry air takes the moisture out of the paint on, so that the air in area (10) in turn a higher has relative humidity.
Die feuchte Luft wird in Richtung des Pfeiles (B) wieder der Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) zugeführt, wo der Luft (3) erneut das Wasser entzogen wird.The moist air will turn in the direction of arrow (B) fed to the drainage device (2) where the air (3) the water is withdrawn again.
Die Luft weist im Bereich (8) eine Temperatur von 15 °C bis 60 °C auf. Die Werkstücke (9) werden bei Überstreichen mit der trockenen, auf 15 °C bis 60 °C erwärmten Luft nicht wesentlich erhitzt, da durch die Verdunstungskühlung die Oberfläche der Werkstücke (9) kalt bleibt. Die Vorrichtung (1) bildet einen geschlossenen Kreislauf für die zirkulierende Luft.The air has a temperature of 15 ° C. in area (8) up to 60 ° C. The workpieces (9) are painted over not with the dry air heated to 15 ° C to 60 ° C significantly heated because the evaporative cooling Surface of the workpieces (9) remains cold. The device (1) forms a closed cycle for the circulating air.
Die Vorrichtung (1) kann auch mit einem offenen Kreislauf gefahren werden. Beispielsweise kann die Vorrichtung (1) als Durchlaufanlage ausgebildet sein mit offenen Durchfahrtsöffnungen für die zu trocknenden Teile.The device (1) can also have an open circuit be driven. For example, the device (1) be designed as a continuous system with open passage openings for the parts to be dried.
Die Vorrichtung (1) weist ein Gehäuse (11) auf, in dem der Vorgang Entwässern der Luft, Erhitzen der trockenen Luft, Trocknung der Werkstücke und Zurückleiten der Feuchtluft zur Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf durchgeführt wird.The device (1) has a housing (11) in which the process of dehydrating the air, heating the dry Air, drying the workpieces and returning the moist air to the drainage device (2) in a closed Cycle is carried out.
Die Vorrichtung arbeitet in derselben Weise für die Trocknung jeder Art von dünnen Schichten, sei es auf Wasser-, Alkohol- oder anderer Lösungsmittelbasis, aber auch bei Verwendung von Fetten oder Klebern und dergleichen.The device works in the same way for the Drying of any kind of thin layers, be it on water, Alcohol or other solvent based, but also when using grease or glue and the like.
Gemäß Fig. 2 weist die Trocknungsvorrichtung (1) in einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung eine zusätzliche Kühlvorrichtung (13) auf. In der zusätzlichen Kühlvorrichtung (13) wird ein im Kreislauf zirkulierendes Kältemittel, mit welchem die Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) betrieben wird, gekühlt. Dies ist notwendig, um ein niedriges Temperaturniveau der Entwässerungvorrichtung (2) zu halten. 2, the drying device (1) in a preferred embodiment of the invention an additional Cooling device (13). In the additional cooling device (13) becomes a circulating refrigerant, with which the drainage device (2) operated is cooled. This is necessary to get a low one To maintain the temperature level of the drainage device (2).
Wird die feuchte Luft (3) in der Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) mittels Kondensation entwässert, so wird hierdurch das Kältemittel, mit welchem die Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) betrieben wird, erwärmt. Das erwärmte Kältemittel gelangt aus der Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) in einen Verdichter (14). In dem Verdichter (14) wird das Kältemittel komprimiert, wodurch sich das Kältemittel erwärmt. Diese weitere Erwärmung beruht im wesentlichen auf der Kompressionswärme. Aus dem Verdichter (14) gelangt das komprimierte Kältemittel in den Kältemittelkondensator (6). Mit Hilfe des erwärmten Kältemittels wird in dem Kältemittelkondensator (6) die trockene Luft (5) auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur erwärmt, um diese erwärmte Luft dann im Bereich (8) zur Trocknung der Werkstücke (9) zu verwenden. Durch die Abgabe von Wärmeenergie durch das erwärmte Kältemittel an die trockene Luft (5) in dem Kältemittelkondensator (6) wird das Kältemittel vorgekühlt. Das vorgekühlte Kältemittel gelangt dann in einen weiteren Kältemittelkondensator (15). In dem Kältemittelkondensator (15) wird das vorgekühlte Kältemittel mit Hilfe von Umluft, welche mittels eines Ventilators (16) aus der Umgebung der Trocknungsvorrichtung (1) entnommen wird, weiter gekühlt. Die Umluft weist im wesentlichen Raumtemperatur auf.The moist air (3) is in the drainage device (2) dewatered by condensation, so this will the refrigerant with which the drainage device (2) is operated, heated. The warmed refrigerant arrives from the dewatering device (2) into a compressor (14). The refrigerant is in the compressor (14) compresses, causing the refrigerant to heat up. This further heating is based essentially on the heat of compression. The compressed comes out of the compressor (14) Refrigerant in the refrigerant condenser (6). With help of the heated refrigerant is in the refrigerant condenser (6) the dry air (5) to a predetermined temperature heated to this heated air then in area (8) to dry the workpieces (9). Through the Delivery of thermal energy by the heated refrigerant the dry air (5) in the refrigerant condenser (6) the refrigerant is pre-cooled. The pre-cooled refrigerant then passes into another refrigerant condenser (15). The pre-cooled is in the refrigerant condenser (15) Refrigerant with the help of circulating air, which by means of a Fan (16) from the vicinity of the drying device (1) is removed, cooled further. The air circulation has essentially room temperature.
Mit Hilfe der zusätzlichen Kühlvorrichtung (13) wird das im Kältekreislauf benutzte Kältemittel stets gekühlt, derart, daß eine Entwässerung der Umluft in der Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) optimal ausführbar ist.With the help of the additional cooling device (13) the refrigerant used in the refrigeration cycle is always cooled, such that a drainage of the circulating air in the drainage device (2) is optimally executable.
Da die Temperatur der trockenen Luft (5), welche zur Trocknung der Werkstücke (9) im Bereich (8) verwendet wird, circa 15 °C bis 60 °C beträgt, kann das Gehäuse (11) der Trocknungsvorrichtung (1) als nicht wärmeisoliertes Gehäuse ausgebildet sein. As the temperature of the dry air (5), which leads to Drying of the workpieces (9) in the area (8) is used, is approximately 15 ° C to 60 ° C, the housing (11) Drying device (1) as a non-thermally insulated housing be trained.
- 11
- Vorrichtungcontraption
- 22
- Entwässerungsvorrichtungdehydrator
- 33
- feuchte Luftmoist air
- 44
- Beckenpool
- 55
- trockene Luftdry air
- 66
- KältemittelkondensatorRefrigerant condenser
- 77
- Ventilatorfan
- 88th
- BereichArea
- 99
- Werkstückworkpiece
- 1010
- BereichArea
- 1111
- Gehäusecasing
- 1212
- Kondensatcondensate
- 1313
- Kühlvorrichtungcooler
- 1414
- Verdichtercompressor
- 1515
- KältemittelkondensatorRefrigerant condenser
- 1616
-
Ventilator in der Kühleinrichtung 13Fan in the
cooling device 13 - 1717
- Heizvorrichtungheater
- A, BA, B
- Pfeilearrows
Claims (12)
- A method of drying thin coatings applied to a workpiece, wherein air with a moisture of between 0 and 10 g of vapour charge per cubic metre (dry air) is conveyed over and/or around the workpiece (9) to be dried, wherein the air for the drying is at a temperature of between 15°C and 60°C, and wherein the temperature of the air is kept at this low level by cooling by means of an additional cooling device (13) with a refrigerant circulating in the circuit and by a subsequent heating.
- A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thin coatings are coatings of grease, adhesive or the like, in particular coatings of paint or lacquer or the like which are water-, alcohol- or solvent- based.
- A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the moisture of the dry air has a partial vapour pressure of from 0 to 16 mbar.
- A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the dry air is produced by cooling the air and condensing out the moisture.
- A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that heat which occurs during the production of the dry air by condensation is used for the following re-heating of the under-cooled dry air to from 15°C to 60°C.
- A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the air is circulated in a closed or an open circuit, in such a way that the cooling of the air takes place in a refrigeration evaporator.
- A method according to Claim 6, characterized in that condensing out the vaporized liquids of the coatings to be dried takes place on under-cooled tubes at from 0°C to -20°C.
- A device for drying thin coatings applied to a workpiece, in accordance with the method according to Claim 1, characterized in thata) the device (1) comprises a cooling device (2) with a refrigerant circulating in the circuit for condensation and a heating device (17) for re-heating for the circulating air,b) a housing (11) is provided for receiving the workpieces (9) to be dried, wherein the housing (11) is designed in the form of a housing which is not thermally insulated, andc) at least one fan (7) is provided for the circulation of the air in the device (1).
- A device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the housing (11) is of closed or open form.
- A device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the housing (11) is in the form of a tunnel.
- A device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the housing is in the form of a drawer system.
- A device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the device (1) is in the form of a device containing the air in the closed circuit.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19644717 | 1996-10-28 | ||
DE19644717A DE19644717A1 (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1996-10-28 | Process for drying thin layers and device for carrying out the process |
PCT/EP1997/005650 WO1998019124A1 (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1997-10-14 | Method and device for drying thin coatings |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0934497A1 EP0934497A1 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
EP0934497B1 true EP0934497B1 (en) | 2002-08-07 |
Family
ID=7810187
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97945828A Expired - Lifetime EP0934497B1 (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1997-10-14 | Method and device for drying thin coatings |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0934497B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE221981T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5118998A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2269982A1 (en) |
DE (3) | DE19644717A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0934497T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2182123T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998019124A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19756194B4 (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 2006-06-08 | Keld Gabelgaard | Paint processing apparatus and method |
DE10030383C1 (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2001-10-04 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Non-thermal drying of water-based paint on bodywork, employs constant capacity dryer for recirculated air, operated with variable bypass |
DE10128794B4 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2005-02-17 | Rehau Ag + Co. | Method and device for drying |
JP5508272B2 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2014-05-28 | トランスファーマ メディカル リミテッド | Vertical patch drying |
EP2219438A4 (en) | 2007-12-10 | 2014-04-23 | Oliveira Junior Jose Vilani | Dehumidification or dehydration unit for apicultural use |
DE102015224916A1 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-14 | Dürr Systems Ag | Treatment plant and method for treating workpieces |
CN106270380B (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2018-04-20 | 东风汽车有限公司 | Foamed plastic model drying room |
JP6428750B2 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-11-28 | マツダ株式会社 | Coating drying method and apparatus |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2366363A1 (en) * | 1975-06-19 | 1978-04-28 | Cominter Sa | Dryer for skins and hides - with enclosed circuit air flow over cooling coil and heating condenser |
US4365480A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1982-12-28 | United Air Specialists, Inc. | Process gas treating apparatus |
EP0044898A1 (en) * | 1980-07-30 | 1982-02-03 | C.C.E. s.r.l. Commissionaria Costruzioni Elettroniche | Method and apparatus for rapid drying, particularly of skins |
DE3229903A1 (en) * | 1982-08-11 | 1984-02-16 | Mohndruck Graphische Betriebe GmbH, 4830 Gütersloh | Process and device for reprocessing a drying medium used for drying solvent-containing inks, paints, adhesives or the like on paper or comparable cellulose products |
DE3637737A1 (en) * | 1986-11-05 | 1988-05-19 | Waldner Gmbh & Co Hermann | DRYERS, ESPECIALLY FOR THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY |
DE3734994A1 (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-02-09 | Guenther Zippel Maschf | Method and device for the fully automatic drying of cleaned objects |
US5343632A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-09-06 | Advanced Dryer Systems, Inc. | Closed-loop drying process and system |
DE9401195U1 (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1994-03-31 | Bartel, Walter, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen | Sieve drying cabinet |
DE29504040U1 (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1996-04-04 | Harter Oberflächen- und Umwelttechnik GmbH, 88161 Lindenberg | Industrial dryer with improved efficiency |
-
1996
- 1996-10-28 DE DE19644717A patent/DE19644717A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-10-14 CA CA002269982A patent/CA2269982A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-14 DE DE19781220A patent/DE19781220C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-14 AU AU51189/98A patent/AU5118998A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-14 EP EP97945828A patent/EP0934497B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-14 DE DE59707933T patent/DE59707933D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-14 ES ES97945828T patent/ES2182123T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-14 AT AT97945828T patent/ATE221981T1/en active
- 1997-10-14 DK DK97945828T patent/DK0934497T3/en active
- 1997-10-14 WO PCT/EP1997/005650 patent/WO1998019124A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0934497A1 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
CA2269982A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
ATE221981T1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
WO1998019124A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
AU5118998A (en) | 1998-05-22 |
DE19644717A1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
DK0934497T3 (en) | 2002-10-07 |
DE59707933D1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
DE19781220C1 (en) | 2000-04-13 |
ES2182123T3 (en) | 2003-03-01 |
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