EP0934497A1 - Method and device for drying thin coatings - Google Patents

Method and device for drying thin coatings

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Publication number
EP0934497A1
EP0934497A1 EP97945828A EP97945828A EP0934497A1 EP 0934497 A1 EP0934497 A1 EP 0934497A1 EP 97945828 A EP97945828 A EP 97945828A EP 97945828 A EP97945828 A EP 97945828A EP 0934497 A1 EP0934497 A1 EP 0934497A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
drying
housing
dry air
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97945828A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0934497B1 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Gath
Claus Hellmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hellmann-Hygrex Luft- und Klimatechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Hellmann-Hygrex Luft- und Klimatechnik GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/12—Vehicle bodies, e.g. after being painted

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for drying thin layers (thin layers) based on water, solvent or alcohol, which have been applied to objects by spraying, dipping or brushing, and a device for carrying out the method.
  • the materials described are used for coating a wide variety of objects, for example for coating and painting auto parts, machine components, metal sheets and the like.
  • the coatings are applied and then dried.
  • drying is carried out either by infrared radiation or by passing warm air over the coated objects, so that the drying is carried out by heat convection.
  • the coated objects are simultaneously exposed to warm air and an additional infrared radiation.
  • the workpieces are heated to 60 ° C to 120 ° C in order to evaporate the moisture contained in the thin layer.
  • the methods belonging to the prior art have the disadvantage that they are very energy-intensive and time-consuming, the latter in particular by heating the workpiece on which the thin layer is applied, so that drying takes several hours.
  • the workpieces after drying, the workpieces must be reduced from their heating temperature, i.e. from 60 ° C to 120 ° C, to approximately 30 ° C. be cooled so that these parts can be further processed and these parts can be handled.
  • a major disadvantage is also the formation of skin over still moist base layers when painting with warm air and the heating of the workpieces to high temperatures.
  • the technical problem on which the invention is based consists of a drying method and a device Specification for performing the method, in which the drying time is significantly reduced, in which there is a significantly lower energy consumption, and which is also applicable to heat-sensitive parts.
  • air used for drying, which has a relative humidity between 0% and 30%, preferably a relative humidity of about 10% (dry air), and in that the dry air over and / or around the workpiece to be dried is conducted, the dry air absorbs the moisture of the thin layer applied to the workpiece.
  • dry air absorbs the moisture of the thin layer applied to the workpiece.
  • the fact that the workpiece is supplied with dry air at all times maintains an approximately equal vapor pressure difference, which accelerates the evaporation of moisture on the workpiece surface. The moisture released in vapor form is immediately absorbed by the ambient air.
  • the dry air is obtained by cooling so-called “moist air”, ie air with a relative humidity of more than 40%, in a dry air unit by condensation. After dewatering, the air is warmed up again and fed to the paint to absorb moisture.
  • misist air ie air with a relative humidity of more than 40%
  • the dry air absorbs the moisture of the thin layer on the workpieces.
  • the workpieces are in a housing.
  • the housing can be designed as a cabinet for receiving the workpieces, in which, for example, large workpieces, such as lower parts of buses or the like, are arranged.
  • the drying process according to the invention represents a closed system in which no exhaust air is produced. This has the advantage that no odorous substances, no moisture and no heat are transported outside.
  • the heat generated by the dehumidification of the air is used to reheat the air after the dehumidification.
  • the dehumidified air is heated to a temperature of approximately 15 ° C to 60 ° C. This is sufficient for drying with dry air.
  • the method according to the invention has the following advantages:
  • the housings intended for drying are adapted to the conditions of the individual case. If, for example, vehicle undercarriages of buses are to be dried, a corresponding dryer tunnel is required, through which the entire underbody of a bus can be passed.
  • a kind of drawer system can be provided for drying railway and car models, in which each model is arranged individually. The dry air is led through the individual drawers of the drawer system.
  • the process according to the invention has the advantage that drying takes much less time than with the processes belonging to the prior art.
  • the drying process takes between three and ten minutes, depending on the material and surface. In the case of very jagged parts, the time required can increase to twelve to fifteen minutes. This is because the dry air is cracked and recesses can not penetrate so well, so that there is air in these cracks and recesses, which is saturated with liquid, so that the drying process stagnates.
  • air circulation can be ensured in all cracks and recesses by means of a blower or by means of nozzles.
  • the time for air drying is around three to four minutes.
  • the time for air drying depends on the type of coating liquid used.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that only 10% to 25% of the energy expenditure of the methods belonging to the prior art is required.
  • Fig. 2 shows a drying device with an additional cooling device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device (1) with a dewatering device (2) for a water-based lacquer layer through which moist air (3) is passed.
  • the moist air (3) is dewatered in the dewatering device (2) by condensation such that the air has a partial vapor pressure of 0 to 16 mbar.
  • the condensate (12) is collected in a basin (4).
  • the condensed air (5) is passed through a heating device (17) and by means of a fan (7) in the direction of arrow (A) in an area (8) of the device (1).
  • the dry air sweeps through circulation over workpieces (9) which are coated and are to be dried.
  • the dry air absorbs the moisture from the paint, so that the air in area (10) in turn has a higher relative humidity.
  • the moist air is fed in the direction of arrow (B) back to the dewatering device (2), where the water (3) is extracted again.
  • the air in the area (8) has a temperature of 15 ° C to 60 ° C.
  • the workpieces (9) are not significantly heated when they are swept with the dry air heated to 15 ° C to 60 ° C, since the surface of the workpieces (9) remains cold due to the evaporative cooling.
  • the device (1) forms a closed circuit for the circulating air.
  • the device (1) can also be operated with an open circuit.
  • the device (1) can be designed as a continuous system with open passage openings for the parts to be dried.
  • the device (1) has a housing (11) in which the process of dewatering the air, heating the dry air, drying the workpieces and returning the moist air to the dewatering device (2) is carried out in a closed circuit.
  • the device works in the same way for drying any kind of thin layers, be it on water. water, alcohol or other solvent base, but also when using fats or adhesives and the like.
  • the drying device (1) in a preferred embodiment of the invention has an additional cooling device (13).
  • the additional cooling device (13) a circulating refrigerant with which the dewatering device (2) is operated is cooled. This is necessary in order to maintain a low temperature level of the drainage device (2).
  • the refrigerant with which the dewatering device (2) is operated is thereby heated.
  • the heated refrigerant passes from the dewatering device (2) into a compressor (14).
  • the refrigerant is compressed in the compressor (14), as a result of which the refrigerant heats up. This further warming is based essentially on the heat of compression.
  • the compressed refrigerant passes from the compressor (14) into the refrigerant condenser (6).
  • the dry air (5) is heated to a predetermined temperature in the refrigerant condenser (6) in order then to use this heated air in the area (8) for drying the workpieces (9).
  • the refrigerant is pre-cooled by the release of thermal energy by the heated refrigerant to the dry air (5) in the refrigerant condenser (6).
  • the pre-cooled refrigerant then passes into another refrigerant condenser (15).
  • the precooled refrigerant is cooled further in the refrigerant condenser (15) with the aid of circulating air, which is removed from the surroundings of the drying device (1) by means of a fan (16).
  • the circulating air is essentially at room temperature.
  • the additional cooling device (13) the refrigerant used in the cooling circuit is always cooled in such a way that dewatering of the circulating air in the dewatering device (2) can be carried out optimally.
  • the housing (11) of the drying device (1) can be considered as not heat-insulated Housing be formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for drying coated workpieces, and a device to carry out such a method, whereby workpieces are exposed to dry air i.e. air with an absolute humidity of 0-10 grammes moisture charge per cubic centimeter.

Description

Verfahren zum Trocknen von dünnen Schichten sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. Process for drying thin layers and device for carrying out the process.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Trocknen von dünnen Schichten (Dünnschichten) auf Wasser-, Lösungsmittel- oder Alkoholbasis, die durch Spritzen, Tauchen oder Streichen auf Gegenständen aufgebracht wurden, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. Die beschriebenen Materialien werden zum Beschichten der verschiedensten Gegenstände verwendet, beispielsweise zum Beschichten und Lackieren von Autoteilen, Maschinenbauteilen, Blechen und dergleichen mehr.The invention relates to a method for drying thin layers (thin layers) based on water, solvent or alcohol, which have been applied to objects by spraying, dipping or brushing, and a device for carrying out the method. The materials described are used for coating a wide variety of objects, for example for coating and painting auto parts, machine components, metal sheets and the like.
Nach dem Stand der Technik werden die Beschichtungen aufgebracht und anschließend getrocknet.According to the prior art, the coatings are applied and then dried.
Die Trocknung erfolgt nach dem Stand der Technik entweder durch Infrarotbestrahlung oder dadurch, daß warme Luft über die beschichteten Gegenstände geleitet wird, so daß die Trocknung durch Wärmekonvektion erfolgt. Nach dem Stand der Technik gibt es auch kombinierte Verfahren, wobei die beschichteten Gegenstände gleichzeitig warmer Luft und einer zusätzlichen Infrarotbestrahlung ausgesetzt werden. Hierbei werden die Werkstücke auf 60 °C bis 120 °C erhitzt, um die in der Dünnschicht enthaltene Feuchtigkeit zu verdampfen. Dadurch treten erhebliche Temperaturbelastungen an den Bauteilen und zum Teil thermisch bedingte chemische Umsetzungen auf .According to the prior art, drying is carried out either by infrared radiation or by passing warm air over the coated objects, so that the drying is carried out by heat convection. There are also combined methods according to the prior art, in which the coated objects are simultaneously exposed to warm air and an additional infrared radiation. The workpieces are heated to 60 ° C to 120 ° C in order to evaporate the moisture contained in the thin layer. As a result, there are considerable thermal loads on the components and, in some cases, thermal-related chemical reactions.
Die zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Verfahren haben den Nachteil, daß sie sehr energie- und zeitaufwendig sind, letzteres insbesondere durch Aufheizen des Werkstückes, auf dem die Dünnschicht aufgebracht ist, so daß die Trocknung mehrere Stunden erfordert. Darüber hinaus müssen die Werkstücke nach dem Trocknen von ihrer Aufheiztemperatur, das heißt von 60 °C bis 120 °C, wieder auf circa 30 °C abge- kühlt werden, damit eine Weiterverarbeitung dieser Teile erfolgen kann und diese Teile handhabbar sind.The methods belonging to the prior art have the disadvantage that they are very energy-intensive and time-consuming, the latter in particular by heating the workpiece on which the thin layer is applied, so that drying takes several hours. In addition, after drying, the workpieces must be reduced from their heating temperature, i.e. from 60 ° C to 120 ° C, to approximately 30 ° C. be cooled so that these parts can be further processed and these parts can be handled.
Ein wesentlicher Nachteil ist ferner die Hautbildung über noch feuchten Grundschichten bei dem Überstreichen mit warmer Luft und die Erwärmung der Werkstücke auf hohe Temperaturen.A major disadvantage is also the formation of skin over still moist base layers when painting with warm air and the heating of the workpieces to high temperatures.
Werden die Werkstücke während des Trocknungsverfahrens beispielsweise auf einem Förderband transportiert, besteht bei den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Verfahren die Gefahr einer Überhitzung bei einem Förderbandstillstand.If, for example, the workpieces are transported on a conveyor belt during the drying process, there is a risk of overheating when the conveyor belt is at a standstill in the processes belonging to the prior art.
Weitere Nachteile der zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Trocknungsverfahren sind, daß Wärme, Feuchtigkeit und Geruchsstoffe in die Umwelt entweichen können, und daß eine Isolierung der warmluftführenden Bauteile notwendig ist, zum einen, um den Energieverbrauch in Grenzen zu halten und zum anderen, um arbeitende Personen zu schützen.Further disadvantages of the drying processes belonging to the prior art are that heat, moisture and odorous substances can escape into the environment, and that insulation of the hot air-carrying components is necessary, on the one hand, in order to keep energy consumption within limits and, on the other hand, to working people to protect.
Bei den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Trocknungs- verfahren kann die Wärmeeinwirkung auf die Oberfläche einer Dünnschicht zum Verschließen und zur Bildung von Bläschen führen. Dadurch ist die Durchtrocknung der Schicht bis auf das Grundmaterial nicht gesichert.In the drying processes belonging to the prior art, the action of heat on the surface of a thin layer can lead to sealing and the formation of bubbles. As a result, the drying of the layer down to the base material is not ensured.
Darüber hinaus treten bei den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Trocknungsverfahren häufig Farbtonverschiebungen auf, die nicht erwünscht sind. Weiterhin tritt bei den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Trocknungsverfahren bei den Lacken eine "Orangenhaut" auf, das heißt, der Lack ist nach dem Trocknen leicht gewellt.In addition, the drying processes belonging to the prior art frequently cause color shifts that are not desired. Furthermore, in the case of the drying processes belonging to the prior art, an "orange peel" occurs in the paints, that is to say the paint is slightly corrugated after drying.
Das der Erfindung zugrunde liegende technische Problem besteht darin, ein Trocknungsverfahren sowie eine Vorrich- tung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens anzugeben, bei dem die Trocknungszeit erheblich verkürzt ist, bei dem ein wesentlich geringerer Energieverbrauch gegeben ist, und das darüber hinaus bei hitzeempfindlichen Teilen anwendbar ist.The technical problem on which the invention is based consists of a drying method and a device Specification for performing the method, in which the drying time is significantly reduced, in which there is a significantly lower energy consumption, and which is also applicable to heat-sensitive parts.
Dieses technische Problem wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 sowie die Merkmale des Anspruches 10 gelöst.This technical problem is solved by the features of claim 1 and the features of claim 10.
Dadurch, daß zum Trocknen Luft verwendet wird, die eine relative Feuchte zwischen 0 % und 30 % aufweist, vorzugsweise eine relative Feuchte von circa 10 % (trockene Luft) , und dadurch, daß die trockene Luft über und/oder um das zu trocknende Werkstück geleitet wird, nimmt die trockene Luft die Feuchtigkeit der auf dem Werkstück aufgebrachten Dünnschicht auf. Dadurch, daß dem Werkstück ständig trockene Luft zugeführt wird, wird eine immer annähernd gleich große Dampfdruckdifferenz aufrechterhalten, wodurch das Abdunsten der Feuchtigkeit an der Werkstückoberfläche beschleunigt wird. Die dampfförmig austretende Feuchtigkeit wird von der Umgebungsluft sofort aufgenommen.The fact that air is used for drying, which has a relative humidity between 0% and 30%, preferably a relative humidity of about 10% (dry air), and in that the dry air over and / or around the workpiece to be dried is conducted, the dry air absorbs the moisture of the thin layer applied to the workpiece. The fact that the workpiece is supplied with dry air at all times maintains an approximately equal vapor pressure difference, which accelerates the evaporation of moisture on the workpiece surface. The moisture released in vapor form is immediately absorbed by the ambient air.
Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die trockene Luft durch Abkühlen sogenannter "feuchter Luft", also Luft mit einer relativen Feuchte von mehr als 40 %, in einem Trockenluftaggregat durch Kondensation gewonnen. Nach dem Entwässern wird die Luft wieder erwärmt und zur Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme dem Lackiergut zugeführt.According to the method according to the invention, the dry air is obtained by cooling so-called "moist air", ie air with a relative humidity of more than 40%, in a dry air unit by condensation. After dewatering, the air is warmed up again and fed to the paint to absorb moisture.
Die trockene Luft nimmt die Feuchtigkeit der Dünnschicht auf den Werkstücken auf. Die Werkstücke befinden sich in einem Gehäuse. Das Gehäuse kann als Schrank zur Aufnahme der Werkstücke ausgebildet sein, in dem beispielsweise große Werkstücke, wie Unterteile von Bussen oder dergleichen, angeordnet werden. Nachdem die Luft über die zu trocknenden Werkstücke geleitet worden ist, verläßt die Luft das Gehäuse und wird wiederum dem Trockenluftaggregat zugeführt, so daß die Luft wieder entfeuchtet wird. Die Luft wird anschließend wiederum erwärmt und den zu trocknenden Werkstücken erneut zugeführt.The dry air absorbs the moisture of the thin layer on the workpieces. The workpieces are in a housing. The housing can be designed as a cabinet for receiving the workpieces, in which, for example, large workpieces, such as lower parts of buses or the like, are arranged. After the air has been passed over the workpieces to be dried, it leaves Air the housing and is in turn fed to the dry air unit, so that the air is dehumidified again. The air is then heated again and returned to the workpieces to be dried.
Der erfindungsgemäße Trocknungsvorgang stellt ein geschlossenes System dar, bei dem keine Abluft entsteht. Dieses hat den Vorteil, daß keine Geruchsstoffe, keine Feuchtigkeit und keine Wärme nach außen transportiert werden.The drying process according to the invention represents a closed system in which no exhaust air is produced. This has the advantage that no odorous substances, no moisture and no heat are transported outside.
Die bei der Entfeuchtung der Luft entstehende Wärme wird für die Wiedererwärmung der Luft nach dem Entfeuchten verwendet .The heat generated by the dehumidification of the air is used to reheat the air after the dehumidification.
Hierdurch ist gewährleistet, daß das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nur einen sehr geringen Energieverbrauch hat, da ein geschlossenes System vorhanden ist.This ensures that the method according to the invention has only very low energy consumption, since a closed system is present.
Die entfeuchtete Luft wird auf eine Temperatur von circa 15 °C bis 60 °C erwärmt. Dieses ist ausreichend für die Trocknung mit trockener Luft. Dadurch weist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren folgende Vorteile auf:The dehumidified air is heated to a temperature of approximately 15 ° C to 60 ° C. This is sufficient for drying with dry air. As a result, the method according to the invention has the following advantages:
a) Der Energieverbrauch ist sehr gering. b) Es ist keine Abkühlstrecke für die Werkstücke erforderlich, da die Werkstücke sich lediglich auf circa 20 °C bis 25 °C erwärmen. c) Die mit einer Dünnschicht belegten Teile werden keinen thermischen Belastungen ausgesetzt, da die im Kreisprozeß erhitzte Luft zu keiner wesentlichen Aufheizung des zu belegenden Gutes führt, da durch die Verdunstungskühlung die Oberfläche kalt bleibt. d) Es ist keine Überhitzung der Werkstücke möglich. e) Es ist ein einfacher Anlagenaufbau möglich, da keine Wärmeisolierung notwendig ist. Dadurch, daß die Werkstücke keinen thermischen Belastungen ausgesetzt werden bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, ist es möglich, auch hitzeempfindliche Teile zu trocknen. Das bedeutet, daß beispielsweise Kunststoffteile getrocknet werden können, die nicht über 50 °C bis 60 °C erhitzt werden dürfen. Es ist auch möglich, Teile zu trocknen, die schon mit beispielsweise Gummidichtungen oder 01- füllungen versehen sind. Durch die relativ niedrigen Temperaturen nehmen diese keinen Schaden.a) The energy consumption is very low. b) No cooling section is required for the workpieces, since the workpieces only heat up to approximately 20 ° C to 25 ° C. c) The parts covered with a thin layer are not exposed to any thermal loads, since the air heated in the cycle does not lead to any significant heating of the material to be covered, since the surface remains cold due to the evaporative cooling. d) The workpieces cannot overheat. e) A simple system structure is possible since no thermal insulation is necessary. Because the workpieces are not exposed to thermal loads in the method according to the invention, it is also possible to dry heat-sensitive parts. This means that, for example, plastic parts that cannot be heated above 50 ° C to 60 ° C can be dried. It is also possible to dry parts that are already provided with rubber seals or fillings, for example. The relatively low temperatures do not damage them.
Durch die niedrigen Temperaturen ist darüber hinaus keine Isolierung der Vorrichtung notwendig, da laut Sicherheitsbestimmungen die Arbeitstemperaturen nur bis 20 °C über der Raumtemperatur liegen dürfen.Due to the low temperatures, there is also no need to isolate the device, since according to safety regulations the working temperatures may only be up to 20 ° C above room temperature.
Die für die Trocknung vorgesehenen Gehäuse werden den Bedingungen des Einzelfalles angepaßt. Sollen beispielsweise Fahrzeugunterböden von Bussen getrocknet werden, ist ein entsprechender Trocknertunnel erforderlich, durch den der gesamte Unterboden eines Busses durchgefahren werden kann. Für die Trocknung von Eisenbahn- und Automodellen kann eine Art Schubladensystem vorgesehen sein, in dem jedes Modell einzeln angeordnet wird. Die trockene Luft wird hierbei durch die einzelnen Schubladen des Schubladensystems geleitet.The housings intended for drying are adapted to the conditions of the individual case. If, for example, vehicle undercarriages of buses are to be dried, a corresponding dryer tunnel is required, through which the entire underbody of a bus can be passed. A kind of drawer system can be provided for drying railway and car models, in which each model is arranged individually. The dry air is led through the individual drawers of the drawer system.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat den Vorteil, daß zur Trocknung ein wesentlich geringerer Zeitaufwand notwendig ist als bei den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Verfahren. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren dauert der Trocknungsvorgang, je nach Material und Oberfläche, zwischen drei und zehn Minuten. Bei sehr zerklüfteten Teilen kann sich der Zeitaufwand auf zwölf bis fünfzehn Minuten erhöhen. Dieses liegt daran, daß die trockene Luft in Ritze und Ausnehmungen nicht so gut eindringen kann, so daß in diesen Ritzen und Ausnehmungen Luft steht, die mit Flüssigkeit gesättigt ist, so daß der Trocknungsvorgang stagniert. Hier kann mittels eines Gebläses oder mittels Düsen die Luftzirkulation in alle Ritzen und Ausnehmungen gewährleistet werden.The process according to the invention has the advantage that drying takes much less time than with the processes belonging to the prior art. With the method according to the invention, the drying process takes between three and ten minutes, depending on the material and surface. In the case of very jagged parts, the time required can increase to twelve to fifteen minutes. This is because the dry air is cracked and recesses can not penetrate so well, so that there is air in these cracks and recesses, which is saturated with liquid, so that the drying process stagnates. Here, air circulation can be ensured in all cracks and recesses by means of a blower or by means of nozzles.
Bei ebenen Blechen liegt die Zeit für die Lufttrocknung bei circa drei bis vier Minuten. Die Zeit für die Lufttrocknung ist abhängig von der Art der verwendeten Be- schichtungsflüssigkeit .For flat sheets, the time for air drying is around three to four minutes. The time for air drying depends on the type of coating liquid used.
Weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist, daß nur 10 % bis 25 % des Energieaufwandes der zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Verfahren benötigt wird.Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that only 10% to 25% of the energy expenditure of the methods belonging to the prior art is required.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung können den Unteransprüchen entnommen werden.Further details of the invention can be found in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Here show:
Fig. 1 eine Trocknungsvorrichtung;1 shows a drying device;
Fig. 2 eine Trocknungsvorrichtung mit einer zusätzlichen Kühlvorrichtung.Fig. 2 shows a drying device with an additional cooling device.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung (1) mit einer Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) für eine Lackschicht auf Wasserbasis, durch die feuchte Luft (3) geleitet wird. Die feuchte Luft (3) wird in der Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) durch Kondensation entwässert, derart, daß die Luft einen Dampf - partialdruck von 0 bis 16 mbar aufweist. Das Kondensat (12) wird in einem Becken (4) aufgefangen. Die auskondensierte Luft (5) wird durch eine Heizvorrichtung (17) geleitet und mittels eines Ventilators (7) in Richtung des Pfeiles (A) in einen Bereich (8) der Vorrichtung (1) geleitet. Die trockene Luft streicht hierbei durch Zirkulation über Werkstücke (9) , welche beschichtet sind und getrocknet werden sollen. Die trockene Luft nimmt hierbei die Feuchtigkeit aus dem Lack auf, so daß die Luft im Bereich (10) wiederum eine höhere relative Feuchte aufweist.1 shows a device (1) with a dewatering device (2) for a water-based lacquer layer through which moist air (3) is passed. The moist air (3) is dewatered in the dewatering device (2) by condensation such that the air has a partial vapor pressure of 0 to 16 mbar. The condensate (12) is collected in a basin (4). The condensed air (5) is passed through a heating device (17) and by means of a fan (7) in the direction of arrow (A) in an area (8) of the device (1). The dry air sweeps through circulation over workpieces (9) which are coated and are to be dried. The dry air absorbs the moisture from the paint, so that the air in area (10) in turn has a higher relative humidity.
Die feuchte Luft wird in Richtung des Pfeiles (B) wieder der Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) zugeführt, wo der Luft (3) erneut das Wasser entzogen wird.The moist air is fed in the direction of arrow (B) back to the dewatering device (2), where the water (3) is extracted again.
Die Luft weist im Bereich (8) eine Temperatur von 15 °C bis 60 °C auf. Die Werkstücke (9) werden bei Überstreichen mit der trockenen, auf 15 °C bis 60 °C erwärmten Luft nicht wesentlich erhitzt, da durch die Verdunstungskühlung die Oberfläche der Werkstücke (9) kalt bleibt. Die Vorrichtung (1) bildet einen geschlossenen Kreislauf für die zirkulierende Luft.The air in the area (8) has a temperature of 15 ° C to 60 ° C. The workpieces (9) are not significantly heated when they are swept with the dry air heated to 15 ° C to 60 ° C, since the surface of the workpieces (9) remains cold due to the evaporative cooling. The device (1) forms a closed circuit for the circulating air.
Die Vorrichtung (1) kann auch mit einem offenen Kreislauf gefahren werden. Beispielsweise kann die Vorrichtung (1) als Durchlaufanläge ausgebildet sein mit offenen Durchfahrtsöffnungen für die zu trocknenden Teile.The device (1) can also be operated with an open circuit. For example, the device (1) can be designed as a continuous system with open passage openings for the parts to be dried.
Die Vorrichtung (1) weist ein Gehäuse (11) auf, in dem der Vorgang Entwässern der Luft, Erhitzen der trockenen Luft, Trocknung der Werkstücke und Zurückleiten der Feucht - luft zur Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf durchgeführt wird.The device (1) has a housing (11) in which the process of dewatering the air, heating the dry air, drying the workpieces and returning the moist air to the dewatering device (2) is carried out in a closed circuit.
Die Vorrichtung arbeitet in derselben Weise für die Trocknung jeder Art von dünnen Schichten, sei es auf Was- ser-, Alkohol- oder anderer Lösungsmittelbasis, aber auch bei Verwendung von Fetten oder Klebern und dergleichen.The device works in the same way for drying any kind of thin layers, be it on water. water, alcohol or other solvent base, but also when using fats or adhesives and the like.
Gemäß Fig. 2 weist die Trocknungsvorrichtung (1) in einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung eine zusätzliche Kühlvorrichtung (13) auf. In der zusätzlichen Kühlvorrichtung (13) wird ein im Kreislauf zirkulierendes Kältemittel, mit welchem die Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) betrieben wird, gekühlt. Dies ist notwendig, um ein niedriges Temperaturniveau der Entwässerungvorrichtung (2) zu halten.2, the drying device (1) in a preferred embodiment of the invention has an additional cooling device (13). In the additional cooling device (13), a circulating refrigerant with which the dewatering device (2) is operated is cooled. This is necessary in order to maintain a low temperature level of the drainage device (2).
Wird die feuchte Luft (3) in der Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) mittels Kondensation entwässert, so wird hierdurch das Kältemittel, mit welchem die Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) betrieben wird, erwärmt. Das erwärmte Kältemittel gelangt aus der Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) in einen Verdichter (14) . In dem Verdichter (14) wird das Kältemittel komprimiert, wodurch sich das Kältemittel erwärmt. Diese weitere Erwärmung beruht im wesentlichen auf der Kompressionswärme. Aus dem Verdichter (14) gelangt das komprimierte Kältemittel in den Kältemittelkondensator (6) . Mit Hilfe des erwärmten Kältemittels wird in dem Kältemittelkondensator (6) die trockene Luft (5) auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur erwärmt, um diese erwärmte Luft dann im Bereich (8) zur Trocknung der Werkstücke (9) zu verwenden. Durch die Abgabe von Wärmeenergie durch das erwärmte Kältemittel an die trockene Luft (5) in dem Kältemittelkondensator (6) wird das Kältemittel vorgekühlt. Das vorgekühlte Kältemittel gelangt dann in einen weiteren Kältemittelkondensator (15) . In dem Kältemittelkondensator (15) wird das vorgekühlte Kältemittel mit Hilfe von Umluft, welche mittels eines Ventilators (16) aus der Umgebung der Trocknungsvorrichtung (1) entnommen wird, weiter gekühlt. Die Umluft weist im wesentlichen Raumtemperatur auf. Mit Hilfe der zusätzlichen Kühlvorrichtung (13) wird das im Kältekreislauf benutzte Kältemittel stets gekühlt, derart, daß eine Entwässerung der Umluft in der Entwässerungsvorrichtung (2) optimal ausführbar ist.If the moist air (3) in the dewatering device (2) is dewatered by means of condensation, the refrigerant with which the dewatering device (2) is operated is thereby heated. The heated refrigerant passes from the dewatering device (2) into a compressor (14). The refrigerant is compressed in the compressor (14), as a result of which the refrigerant heats up. This further warming is based essentially on the heat of compression. The compressed refrigerant passes from the compressor (14) into the refrigerant condenser (6). With the help of the heated refrigerant, the dry air (5) is heated to a predetermined temperature in the refrigerant condenser (6) in order then to use this heated air in the area (8) for drying the workpieces (9). The refrigerant is pre-cooled by the release of thermal energy by the heated refrigerant to the dry air (5) in the refrigerant condenser (6). The pre-cooled refrigerant then passes into another refrigerant condenser (15). The precooled refrigerant is cooled further in the refrigerant condenser (15) with the aid of circulating air, which is removed from the surroundings of the drying device (1) by means of a fan (16). The circulating air is essentially at room temperature. With the help of the additional cooling device (13), the refrigerant used in the cooling circuit is always cooled in such a way that dewatering of the circulating air in the dewatering device (2) can be carried out optimally.
Da die Temperatur der trockenen Luft (5) , welche zur Trocknung der Werkstücke (9) im Bereich (8) verwendet wird, circa 15 °C bis 60 °C beträgt, kann das Gehäuse (11) der Trocknungsvorrichtung (1) als nicht wärmeisoliertes Gehäuse ausgebildet sein. Since the temperature of the dry air (5), which is used to dry the workpieces (9) in the area (8), is approximately 15 ° C. to 60 ° C., the housing (11) of the drying device (1) can be considered as not heat-insulated Housing be formed.
BezugszahlenReference numbers
1 Vorrichtung1 device
2 Entwässerungsvorrichtung2 drainage device
3 feuchte Luft3 moist air
4 Becken4 pools
5 trockene Luft5 dry air
6 Kältemittelkondensator6 refrigerant condenser
7 Ventilator7 fan
8 Bereich8 area
9 Werkstück9 workpiece
10 Bereich10 area
11 Gehäuse11 housing
12 Kondensat12 condensate
13 Kühlvorrichtung13 cooling device
14 Verdichter14 compressors
15 Kältemittelkondensator15 refrigerant condenser
16 Ventilator in der Kühleinrichtung 1316 fan in the cooling device 13
17 Heizvorrichtung A, B Pfeile 17 Heater A, B arrows

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Trocknen von dünnen Schichten (Dünnschichten) , welche auf einem Werkstück aufgebracht sind, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß Luft mit einer Feuchte zwischen 0 und 10 Gramm1. Process for drying thin layers (thin layers), which are applied to a workpiece, that is, that air with a humidity between 0 and 10 grams
Dampfbeiadung pro Kubikmeter (trockene Luft) über und/oder um das zu trocknende Werkstück (9) geleitet wird.Steam loading per cubic meter (dry air) is passed over and / or around the workpiece (9) to be dried.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dünnschichten Fettschichten, Kleberschichten oder dergleichen, insbesondere Färb- oder Lackschichten oder dergleichen auf Wasser-, Alkohol- oder Lösungsmittelbasis sind. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thin layers of grease layers, adhesive layers or the like, in particular coloring or lacquer layers or the like are based on water, alcohol or solvent.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Feuchte der trockenen Luft einen Dampfpartialdruck von 0 bis 16 mbar aufweist.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the moisture of the dry air has a vapor partial pressure of 0 to 16 mbar.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luft für die Trocknung eine Temperatur zwischen4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the air for drying a temperature between
15 °C und 60 °C aufweist.15 ° C and 60 ° C.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von der Feuchtigkeit der Schicht befeuchtete Luft nach Überstreichen der Schicht eine Temperatur zwischen5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the air humidified by the moisture of the layer after sweeping the layer a temperature between
20 °C und 40 °C aufweist.20 ° C and 40 ° C.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die trockene Luft durch Abkühlung der Luft und Auskondensieren der Feuchtigkeit erzeugt wird.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dry air is generated by cooling the air and condensing out the moisture.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bei der Erzeugung der trockenen Luft durch Kondensation anfallende Wärme zur nachfolgenden Wiedererwärmung der unterkühlten trockenen Luft auf 15 °C bis 60 °C verwendet wird.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat generated in the generation of dry air by condensation is used for subsequent reheating of the supercooled dry air to 15 ° C to 60 ° C.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luft in einem geschlossenen oder in einem offenen Kreislauf zirkuliert, derart, daß a) die Luft in einem Kälteverdampfer unterkühlt wird, b) die Feuchtigkeit und leichtflüchtige Inhaltsstoffe der Luft auskondensiert werden, c) die unterkühlte Luft wiedererwärmt wird, d) die trockene Luft über die zu trocknenden, auf Werkstücken (9) aufgebrachten Dünnschichten geleitet wird, um die Flüssigkeiten an der Oberfläche (9) aufzunehmen, e) die Schritte a) bis d) wiederholt werden.8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the air circulates in a closed or in an open circuit, such that a) the air is subcooled in a refrigeration evaporator, b) the moisture and volatile constituents of the air are condensed out, c) the supercooled air is reheated, d) the dry air is passed over the thin layers to be dried and applied to workpieces (9) in order to absorb the liquids on the surface (9), e) steps a) to d) are repeated.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Auskondensieren der verdunsteten Flüssigkeiten der zu trocknenden Schichten an unterkühlten Rohren bei 0 °C bis minus 20 °C erfolgt.9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensation of the evaporated liquids of the layers to be dried on supercooled tubes at 0 ° C to minus 20 ° C.
10. Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Dünnschichten, welche auf einem Werkstück aufgebracht sind, gemäß dem Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) daß die Vorrichtung (1) eine Kühlvorrichtung (2) zum Kondensieren und eine Heizvorrichtung (17) zum Wieder - erwärmen für die Umluft aufweist, b) daß ein Gehäuse (11) für die Aufnahme der zu trocknenden Werkstücke (9) vorgesehen ist, wobei das Gehäuse (11) als ein nicht wärmeisoliertes Gehäuse ausgebildet ist, und c) daß wenigstens ein Ventilator (7) für die Zirkulation der Luft in der Vorrichtung (1) vorgesehen ist.10. Device for drying thin layers, which are applied to a workpiece, according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that a) that the device (1) a cooling device (2) for condensing and a heating device (17) for reheating for the circulating air, b) that a housing (11) is provided for receiving the workpieces (9) to be dried, the housing (11) being designed as a non-heat-insulated housing, and c) that at least one fan (7) is provided for the circulation of air in the device (1).
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (11) geschlossen oder offen ausgebildet ist.11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the housing (11) is closed or open.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (11) tunnelförmig ausgebildet ist.12. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the housing (11) is tunnel-shaped.
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse als Schubladensystem ausgebildet ist.13. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the housing is designed as a drawer system.
14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung (1) als eine die Luft im geschlossenen Kreislauf enthaltende Vorrichtung ausgebildet ist. 14. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the device (1) is designed as a device containing the air in a closed circuit.
EP97945828A 1996-10-28 1997-10-14 Method and device for drying thin coatings Expired - Lifetime EP0934497B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19644717A DE19644717A1 (en) 1996-10-28 1996-10-28 Process for drying thin layers and device for carrying out the process
DE19644717 1996-10-28
PCT/EP1997/005650 WO1998019124A1 (en) 1996-10-28 1997-10-14 Method and device for drying thin coatings

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EP0934497B1 EP0934497B1 (en) 2002-08-07

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AT (1) ATE221981T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5118998A (en)
CA (1) CA2269982A1 (en)
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DK (1) DK0934497T3 (en)
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DE102015224916A1 (en) * 2015-12-10 2017-06-14 Dürr Systems Ag Treatment plant and method for treating workpieces
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WO1998019124A1 (en) 1998-05-07
DE59707933D1 (en) 2002-09-12
ES2182123T3 (en) 2003-03-01
DE19644717A1 (en) 1998-04-30
CA2269982A1 (en) 1998-05-07
AU5118998A (en) 1998-05-22
ATE221981T1 (en) 2002-08-15
EP0934497B1 (en) 2002-08-07
DE19781220C1 (en) 2000-04-13

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