EP2466202A2 - Method for regulating a gas/air mixture - Google Patents

Method for regulating a gas/air mixture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2466202A2
EP2466202A2 EP11009679A EP11009679A EP2466202A2 EP 2466202 A2 EP2466202 A2 EP 2466202A2 EP 11009679 A EP11009679 A EP 11009679A EP 11009679 A EP11009679 A EP 11009679A EP 2466202 A2 EP2466202 A2 EP 2466202A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reference value
gas
threshold value
gas valve
intervention
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Granted
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EP11009679A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2466202A3 (en
EP2466202B1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Josef Weiser
Matthias Wodtke
Jochen Dr. Wriske
Richard Fischbuch
René Remaud
Jean-François Rouxel
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/025—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/085—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/245—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/28—Fail safe preventing flash-back or blow-back
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05181—Controlling air to fuel ratio by using a single differential pressure detector

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the gas / air mixture in fully premixing gas burners.
  • a generic fully premixing burner is known from the DE 199 22 226 C1 , With fully premixing burners, an ignitable air-fuel gas mixture is initially provided by means of a mixing device, which is then fed via a blower to a burner for combustion. The fuel gas is then removed in a chimney to the environment.
  • the gas flow is adjusted in dependence on the combustion air pressure.
  • the in the DE 199 22 226 C1 described mixing device measures the differential pressure between fuel gas in front of the main quantity throttle and the combustion air. The pressure difference is adjusted to zero.
  • control and measuring devices with low dynamics are used both for the regulation and for the measurement of the pressure difference. This is due to the fact that the parameters of the air supply and the combustion process change only relatively slowly.
  • the said process steps are carried out periodically.
  • a mixer suitable for detecting the pressure difference can be a measuring device that directly measures the pressure difference, two separate ones with devices for air supply and gas supply with subsequent difference of the measured values or a measuring device for detecting the mass flow of a connection between gas supply and air supply.
  • the measured values are now processed in parallel on two signal processing branches.
  • first a low-pass filtering of the measured values takes place.
  • This low-pass filtering can be based on a general suitable signal processing algorithm known from the literature, such as, for example, moving averaging or first or higher order low-pass.
  • this low-pass filtering can also be carried out analogously by an RC element or by the natural inertia of the measuring system.
  • the gas valve is turned on by means of a regulator controlled, that the pressure difference, which is determined by low-pass filtered measured values, is compensated to zero.
  • the scatter of the measured values is determined in a second signal processing algorithm.
  • different algorithms are available, for example subtraction of the maximum value and minimum value, standard deviation, formation of the magnitude of the high-pass filtered signal, and so on.
  • the value of the scattering determined in this way is compared to a reference value previously determined by measurement or calculation by subtraction, and as soon as the value for a specific time exceeds the reference value by a specific threshold value, the manipulated variables of the gas valve and / or the blower are intervened.
  • a high scatter of the measured values is an indication that there are pressure fluctuations due to unstable combustion processes or wind-induced pressure fluctuations. These pressure fluctuations entail the risk of flashback, of flame loss or of increased CO formation in the burner and can be minimized by the method according to the invention.
  • the reference value is determined in a separate calibration cycle with stable flame and calm. This can be done in the factory for the individual device or for the device series and / or during commissioning and / or during maintenance of the device.
  • the reference value is stored as a function of the fan speed.
  • the reference value can be determined by a calibration cycle with variable speed.
  • This threshold value can either be additively added as a constant to the reference value or added as a value proportional to the reference value, for example as a percentage value.
  • the reference value is preferably dependent on the fan speed.
  • the threshold value or a parameter which determines the threshold value can be set, for example by means of one or more configuration values which can be set by means of a user interface.
  • the threshold value is dynamically adjusted during operation of the gas burner.
  • a frequent disturbance which is triggered by a too sensitive setting of the threshold value or by a too restrictive specification of the reference value, can be avoided by a long-term increase of the threshold value.
  • the minimum permissible fan speed is increased. This has an influence on the modulation behavior of the gas burner.
  • the mixing ratio of the gas / air mixture is changed within narrow limits, which are predetermined by a clean and efficient combustion by the gas valve is slightly opened or closed.
  • the method is supplemented by the fact that the intervention in the manipulated variables is reversed if the comparison of the scattering with the reference value falls below a third threshold.
  • This third threshold may be less than the second threshold.
  • it may also be useful to select the third threshold identical to the first or second threshold and thus to achieve a continuous control of the flame stability.
  • an error status is triggered which leads for example to a shutdown of the gas burner or to an error message.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fully pre-mixing gas burner with a burner upstream of the burner.
  • Air is supplied to a blower 1 via an air supply 5 and gas to a mixing device 3 via a gas supply 6, mixed and burned in a burner 2 in a combustion chamber 12.
  • the exhaust gases are discharged via a chimney 4 to the environment.
  • the air supply 5 and the gas supply 6 each have an orifice 10 and 11, which are set so that at the same pressures is an optimal for combustion air / gas mixture.
  • a measuring device 7 is provided, which is connected via connecting lines with the air supply and the gas supply and measures the differential pressure between gas and air. This can be done by pressure measurement, differential pressure measurement or a measurement of the mass flow in a connecting line.
  • the measuring device 7 forwards the measured value to a controller 9, which controls the gas valve 8 in a first signal processing branch in such a way that the differential pressure measured by the measuring device 7 is regulated to zero.
  • a controller 9 which controls the gas valve 8 in a first signal processing branch in such a way that the differential pressure measured by the measuring device 7 is regulated to zero.
  • the scattering of the measured values of the measuring device 7 is determined, compared with a reference value and, when a threshold value is exceeded, the adjustment of the gas valve within a small limit, which is set by optimal combustion, is changed.
  • the limit value for the minimum speed with which the blower 1 is operated is increased.
  • the scattering of the measured values indicates unstable flame conditions, which are caused by gusts of wind in the chimney 4 or unfavorable combustion parameters and, in particular with cold combustion chamber 12 and at low flow velocities due to the vibrations, can lead to flashback, flame loss or increased CO values. This is prevented by the method according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention can cause it to be recognized on a windy day that the scattering of the measured values exceeds the reference value plus a predefined first threshold value.
  • the minimum speed of the blower 1 is now increased stepwise until the scatter of the measured values falls below the reference value plus a predetermined second threshold value, which may be less than the first threshold value. If the scatter of the measured values falls short of the reference value plus a predetermined third threshold, which is less than the second threshold value, the intervention in the manipulated variable "minimum speed of the blower 1" is canceled again. This occurs when the gusts subside.
  • the method is also on the position of the gas valve 8, which is opened or closed to a small extent in the context of clean combustion.
  • the scattering of the pressure difference is determined before the burner start and made an intervention in the control variables of the gas valve and / or the blower according to the method described above, when the reference value is exceeded by a threshold value.

Abstract

The method involves detecting the pressure difference between air and gas supply (5,6) by measuring device (7) in mixing device (3) at high sampling rate. The variability in measured values of differential pressure is determined. The low-pass filtering of the measured values is performed. The control of gas valve (8) is performed, such that pressure difference is compensated to zero. The control variables such as position of the gas valve or the minimum speed of the blower (1) are associated, when the reference value is exceeded by a threshold value.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Regeln des Gas-/Luftgemisches bei voll vormischenden Gasbrennern.The invention relates to a method for controlling the gas / air mixture in fully premixing gas burners.

Ein gattungsgemäßer voll vormischender Brenner ist bekannt aus der DE 199 22 226 C1 . Bei voll vormischenden Brennern wird mittels einer Mischvorrichtung zunächst ein zündfähiges Luft-Brenngas-Gemisch bereitgestellt, das dann über ein Gebläse einem Brenner zur Verbrennung zugeführt wird. Das Brenngas wird danach in einem Schornstein an die Umgebung abgeführt.A generic fully premixing burner is known from the DE 199 22 226 C1 , With fully premixing burners, an ignitable air-fuel gas mixture is initially provided by means of a mixing device, which is then fed via a blower to a burner for combustion. The fuel gas is then removed in a chimney to the environment.

In der Mischvorrichtung wird der Gasstrom in Abhängigkeit vom Verbrennungsluftdruck eingestellt. Die in der DE 199 22 226 C1 beschriebene Mischvorrichtung misst den Differenzdruck zwischen Brenngas vor der Hauptmengendrossel und der Verbrennungsluft. Die Druckdifferenz wird zu Null ausgeregelt.In the mixing device, the gas flow is adjusted in dependence on the combustion air pressure. The in the DE 199 22 226 C1 described mixing device measures the differential pressure between fuel gas in front of the main quantity throttle and the combustion air. The pressure difference is adjusted to zero.

Nach dem Stand der Technik werden sowohl für die Regelung als auch für die Messung der Druckdifferenz Regel- und Messvorrichtungen mit geringer Dynamik eingesetzt. Dies ist der Tatsache geschuldet, dass sich die Parameter der Luftzufuhr und des Verbrennungsprozesses nur relativ langsam ändern.According to the state of the art, control and measuring devices with low dynamics are used both for the regulation and for the measurement of the pressure difference. This is due to the fact that the parameters of the air supply and the combustion process change only relatively slowly.

Es besteht jedoch das Risiko, dass durch instabile Verbrennungsprozesse und Windstöße im Schornstein Druckschwankungen hervorgerufen werden. Diese Druckschwankungen sind insbesondere bei niedrigen Modulationsraten des Brenners zu vermeiden, da bei überlagerten Druckschwankungen die resultierenden Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten zu klein werden können, so dass es durch die Brennerdüsen zu einem Flammenrückschlag kommen kann. Die Gefahr des Flammenrückschlags liegt vergrößert bei einem Gerätestart mit kaltem Gemisch und kaltem Brennraum vor, da dann instabile Verbrennungsprozesse begünstigt sind.However, there is a risk that pressure fluctuations can be caused by unstable combustion processes and gusts in the chimney. These pressure fluctuations are to be avoided in particular at low modulation rates of the burner, since with superimposed pressure fluctuations, the resulting flow velocities can become too small, so that it can come through the burner nozzles to a flashback. The risk of flashback is increased at a device start with a cold mixture and a cold combustion chamber before, since then unstable combustion processes are favored.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Regelung des Gas-/Luftgemisches an voll vormischenden Brennern bereitzustellen, bei dem das Risiko des Flammenrückschlags oder Flammenverlusts verringert wird.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for controlling the gas / air mixture on fully premixing burners, wherein the risk of flashback or flame loss is reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gemäß dem Anspruch 1 gelöst. Dazu werden periodisch die genannten Verfahrensschritte durchgeführt. Zunächst wird mit einer hohen Abtastrate die Druckdifferenz zwischen der Luftzufuhr und der Gaszufuhr mit einer Mischvorrichtung gemessen, die zum Erfassen der Druckdifferenz geeignet ist. Dies kann eine Messvorrichtung sein, die direkt die Druckdifferenz misst, zwei getrennte mit Vorrichtungen für die Luftzufuhr und Gaszufuhr mit anschließender Differenzbildung der Messwerte oder eine Messvorrichtung zur Erfassung des Massenstroms einer Verbindung zwischen Gaszufuhr und Luftzufuhr.This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1. For this purpose, the said process steps are carried out periodically. First, with a high sampling rate, the pressure difference between the air supply and the gas supply is measured with a mixer suitable for detecting the pressure difference. This can be a measuring device that directly measures the pressure difference, two separate ones with devices for air supply and gas supply with subsequent difference of the measured values or a measuring device for detecting the mass flow of a connection between gas supply and air supply.

Die Messwerte werden nun parallel auf zwei Signalverarbeitungszweigen verarbeitet. In dem ersten Zweig erfolgt zunächst eine Tiefpassfilterung der Messwerte. Diese Tiefpassfilterung kann auf Basis eines allgemeinen aus der Literatur bekannten geeigneten Signalverarbeitungsalgorithmus wie beispielsweise gleitende Mittelwertbildung oder Tiefpass erster oder höherer Ordnung erfolgen. Erfindungsgemäß kann diese Tiefpassfilterung auch analog durch ein RC-Glied oder durch die natürliche Trägheit des Messsystems erfolgen. Auf der Basis dieser Tiefpass gefilterten Messwerte wird mittels eines Reglers das Gasventil in der Weise angesteuert, dass die Druckdifferenz, die durch Tiefpass gefilterte Messwerte ermittelt wird, zu Null ausgeregelt wird. Dies geschieht dadurch, dass bei einem zu hohen Druck auf der Seite der Gasleitung der Regler das Gasventil schließt und umgekehrt. Zusätzlich wird in einem zweiten Signalverarbeitungsalgorithmus die Streuung der Messwerte bestimmt. Auch hier stehen verschiedene Algorithmen zur Verfügung, beispielsweise Differenzbildung aus Maximalwert und Minimalwert, Standardabweichung, Betragsbildung des Hochpass gefilterten Signals et cetera. Der so ermittelte Wert der Streuung wird einem vorher durch Messung oder Berechnung ermittelten und hinterlegten Referenzwert mittels Differenzbildung verglichen und sobald der Wert für eine bestimmte Zeit den Referenzwert um einen bestimmten Schwellwert überschreitet, wird in die Stellgrößen des Gasventils und/oder des Gebläses eingegriffen. Eine hohe Streuung der Messwerte ist ein Indiz dafür, dass Druckschwankungen durch instabile Verbrennungsprozesse oder durch windinduzierte Druckschwankungen vorliegen. Diese Druckschwankungen bergen die Gefahr des Flammenrückschlags, des Flammenverlusts oder der erhöhten CO-Bildung im Brenner und können durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren minimiert werden.The measured values are now processed in parallel on two signal processing branches. In the first branch, first a low-pass filtering of the measured values takes place. This low-pass filtering can be based on a general suitable signal processing algorithm known from the literature, such as, for example, moving averaging or first or higher order low-pass. According to the invention, this low-pass filtering can also be carried out analogously by an RC element or by the natural inertia of the measuring system. On the basis of these low-pass filtered measured values, the gas valve is turned on by means of a regulator controlled, that the pressure difference, which is determined by low-pass filtered measured values, is compensated to zero. This happens because if the pressure on the side of the gas line is too high, the regulator closes the gas valve and vice versa. In addition, the scatter of the measured values is determined in a second signal processing algorithm. Here, too, different algorithms are available, for example subtraction of the maximum value and minimum value, standard deviation, formation of the magnitude of the high-pass filtered signal, and so on. The value of the scattering determined in this way is compared to a reference value previously determined by measurement or calculation by subtraction, and as soon as the value for a specific time exceeds the reference value by a specific threshold value, the manipulated variables of the gas valve and / or the blower are intervened. A high scatter of the measured values is an indication that there are pressure fluctuations due to unstable combustion processes or wind-induced pressure fluctuations. These pressure fluctuations entail the risk of flashback, of flame loss or of increased CO formation in the burner and can be minimized by the method according to the invention.

Bevorzugt wird der Referenzwert in einem separaten Eichzyklus bei stabiler Flamme und Windstille ermittelt. Dies kann im Werk für das einzelne Gerät oder für die Geräteserie und/oder bei der Inbetriebnahme und/oder bei der Wartung des Gerätes erfolgen.Preferably, the reference value is determined in a separate calibration cycle with stable flame and calm. This can be done in the factory for the individual device or for the device series and / or during commissioning and / or during maintenance of the device.

Besonders bevorzugt wird der Referenzwert abhängig von der Gebläsedrehzahl gespeichert. Auch hier kann der Referenzwert durch einen Eichzyklus mit variabler Drehzahl ermittelt werden.Particularly preferably, the reference value is stored as a function of the fan speed. Again, the reference value can be determined by a calibration cycle with variable speed.

Dieser Schwellwert kann entweder als Konstante dem Referenzwert additiv hinzugefügt werden oder als zum Referenzwert proportionale Größe, beispielsweise als Prozentwert, hinzugefügt werden. Bevorzugt ist der Referenzwert abhängig von der Gebläsedrehzahl.This threshold value can either be additively added as a constant to the reference value or added as a value proportional to the reference value, for example as a percentage value. The reference value is preferably dependent on the fan speed.

In einer Weiterbildung ist der Schwellwert oder ein Parameter, der den Schwellwert bestimmt, einstellbar, beispielsweise mittels eines oder mehrerer durch ein Bedieninterface einstellbarer Konfigurationswerte.In a development, the threshold value or a parameter which determines the threshold value can be set, for example by means of one or more configuration values which can be set by means of a user interface.

Besonders bevorzugt wird der Schwellwert im Betrieb des Gasbrenners dynamisch angepasst. So kann beispielsweise eine häufige Störung, die durch eine zu empfindliche Einstellung des Schwellwerts oder durch eine zu restriktive Vorgabe des Referenzwertes ausgelöst wird, durch eine langfristige Erhöhung des Schwellwerts vermieden werden.Particularly preferably, the threshold value is dynamically adjusted during operation of the gas burner. Thus, for example, a frequent disturbance, which is triggered by a too sensitive setting of the threshold value or by a too restrictive specification of the reference value, can be avoided by a long-term increase of the threshold value.

Erfindungsgemäß sind nach einer Erkennung einer Schwellwertüberschreitung mehrere Möglichkeiten vorgesehen durch Eingriff in die Stellgrößen des Gasventils und/oder des Gebläses in den Verbrennungsprozess einzugreifen. Da das Risiko eines Flammenrückschlags bei niedrigen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten besonders groß ist, wird in einer Variante des Verfahrens die minimal zulässige Lüfterdrehzahl erhöht. Dies hat Einfluss auf das Modulationsverhalten des Gasbrenners.According to the invention, after detection of a threshold exceeded, several possibilities are provided for intervention in the manipulated variables of the gas valve and / or the blower in the combustion process. Since the risk of flashback at low flow velocities is particularly high, in a variant of the method, the minimum permissible fan speed is increased. This has an influence on the modulation behavior of the gas burner.

In einer anderen Variante des Verfahrens wird das Mischungsverhältnis des Gas/Luftgemisches in engen Grenzen geändert, die durch eine saubere und effiziente Verbrennung vorgegeben sind, indem das Gasventil etwas geöffnet oder geschlossen wird.In another variant of the method, the mixing ratio of the gas / air mixture is changed within narrow limits, which are predetermined by a clean and efficient combustion by the gas valve is slightly opened or closed.

Die zuvor beschriebenen Eingriffe in die Stellgrößen werden solange vorgenommen und kontinuierlich erhöht, bis die ermittelte Streuung den Schwellwert unterschreitet. Bevorzugt jedoch so lange, bis die ermittelte Streuung unterhalb eines zweiten Schwellenwerts kommt, der unterhalb des ersten Schwellwerts liegt. Dadurch wird eine Hysterese realisiert, die verhindert, dass die Stellgrößen ständig schwanken.The previously described interventions into the manipulated variables are made and increased continuously until the determined spread falls below the threshold value. Preferably, however, until the determined scattering comes below a second threshold, which is below the first threshold value. As a result, a hysteresis is realized, which prevents the manipulated variables from fluctuating constantly.

In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird das Verfahren dadurch ergänzt, dass der Eingriff in die Stellgrößen rückgängig gemacht wird, wenn der Vergleich der Streuung mit dem Referenzwert einen dritten Schwellwert unterschreitet. Dieser dritte Schwellwert kann kleiner als der zweite Schwellenwert sein. Es kann jedoch auch sinnvoll sein, den dritten Schwellwert identisch mit dem ersten oder zweiten Schwellenwert zu wählen und so eine kontinuierliche Regelung der Flammenstabilität zu erreichen.In a development of the invention, the method is supplemented by the fact that the intervention in the manipulated variables is reversed if the comparison of the scattering with the reference value falls below a third threshold. This third threshold may be less than the second threshold. However, it may also be useful to select the third threshold identical to the first or second threshold and thus to achieve a continuous control of the flame stability.

Für den Fall, dass der Eingriff in die Stellgrößen innerhalb der zulässigen Grenzen nicht zu einer Reduzierung der Streuung unterhalb der Schwellwerte führt, wird ein Fehlerstatus ausgelöst, der beispielsweise zu einer Abschaltung des Gasbrenners oder zu einer Fehlermeldung führt.In the event that the intervention in the manipulated variables within the permissible limits does not lead to a reduction of the dispersion below the threshold values, an error status is triggered which leads for example to a shutdown of the gas burner or to an error message.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Figuren detailliert erläutert.The invention will now be explained in detail with reference to FIGS.

Es stellt dar:

  • Figur 1: Einen Gasbrenner zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
It shows:
  • FIG. 1 A gas burner for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Figur 1 zeigt einen voll vormischenden Gasbrenner mit einem dem Brenner vorgeschalteten Gebläse. Über eine Luftzufuhr 5 wird einem Gebläse 1 Luft und über eine Gaszufuhr 6 Gas einer Mischvorrichtung 3 zugeführt, gemischt und in einem Brenner 2 in einem Brennraum 12 verbrannt. Die Abgase werden über einen Schornstein 4 an die Umgebung abgeführt. Die Luftzufuhr 5 und die Gaszufuhr 6 verfügen jeweils über eine Drosselblende 10 und 11, die so eingestellt sind, dass bei gleichen Drücken ein für die Verbrennung optimales Luft-/Gasgemisch vorliegt. Damit dies gewährleistet ist, ist eine Messvorrichtung 7 vorgesehen, die über Verbindungsleitungen mit der Luftzufuhr und der Gaszufuhr verbunden ist und die den Differenzdruck zwischen Gas und Luft misst. Dies kann durch Druckmessung, Differenzdruckmessung oder einer Messung des Massenstroms in einer Verbindungsleitung erfolgen. Die Messvorrichtung 7 leitet den Messwert an einen Regler 9 weiter, der in einem ersten Signalverarbeitungszweig das Gasventil 8 in der Weise ansteuert, dass der von der Messvorrichtung 7 gemessene Differenzdruck zu Null geregelt wird. In einem zweiten Signalverarbeitungszweig wird die Streuung der Messwerte der Messvorrichtung 7 bestimmt, mit einem Referenzwert verglichen und bei Überschreiten eines Schwellwerts die Einstellung des Gasventils in geringem Grenzen, die durch eine optimale Verbrennung gesetzt sind, verändert. Zugleich oder alternativ wird der Grenzwert für die Mindestdrehzahl, mit der das Gebläse 1 betrieben wird, erhöht. FIG. 1 shows a fully pre-mixing gas burner with a burner upstream of the burner. Air is supplied to a blower 1 via an air supply 5 and gas to a mixing device 3 via a gas supply 6, mixed and burned in a burner 2 in a combustion chamber 12. The exhaust gases are discharged via a chimney 4 to the environment. The air supply 5 and the gas supply 6 each have an orifice 10 and 11, which are set so that at the same pressures is an optimal for combustion air / gas mixture. To ensure this, a measuring device 7 is provided, which is connected via connecting lines with the air supply and the gas supply and measures the differential pressure between gas and air. This can be done by pressure measurement, differential pressure measurement or a measurement of the mass flow in a connecting line. The measuring device 7 forwards the measured value to a controller 9, which controls the gas valve 8 in a first signal processing branch in such a way that the differential pressure measured by the measuring device 7 is regulated to zero. In a second signal processing branch, the scattering of the measured values of the measuring device 7 is determined, compared with a reference value and, when a threshold value is exceeded, the adjustment of the gas valve within a small limit, which is set by optimal combustion, is changed. At the same time or alternatively, the limit value for the minimum speed with which the blower 1 is operated is increased.

Die Streuung der Messwerte deutet auf instabile Flammenzustände hin, die durch Windstöße im Schornstein 4 oder ungünstige Verbrennungsparameter hervorgerufen werden und insbesondere bei kaltem Brennraum 12 und bei niedrigen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten aufgrund der Schwingungen zu einem Flammenrückschlag, Flammenverlust oder zu erhöhten CO-Werten führen können. Dies wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren verhindert.The scattering of the measured values indicates unstable flame conditions, which are caused by gusts of wind in the chimney 4 or unfavorable combustion parameters and, in particular with cold combustion chamber 12 and at low flow velocities due to the vibrations, can lead to flashback, flame loss or increased CO values. This is prevented by the method according to the invention.

So kann beispielsweise das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bewirken, dass an einem windigen Tag erkannt wird, dass die Streuung der Messwerte den Referenzwert zuzüglich eines vorgegebenen ersten Schwellwerts überschreitet. Die Mindestdrehzahl des Gebläses 1 wird nun so lange schrittweise erhöht, bis die Streuung der Messwerte den Referenzwert zuzüglich eines vorgegebenen zweiten Schwellwerts, der geringer als der erste Schwellwerts sein kann, unterschreitet. Wenn die Streuung der Messwerte den Referenzwert zuzüglich eines vorgegebenen dritten Schwellwerts, der geringer als der zweite Schwellenwert ist, unterschreitet, wird der Eingriff in die Stellgröße "Mindest Drehzahl des Gebläses 1" wieder zurückgenommen. Dies tritt dann auf, wenn die Windstöße nachlassen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich wird das Verfahren auch auf die Stellung des Gasventils 8 ein, welches im Rahmen einer sauberen Verbrennung in geringem Maße geöffnet oder geschlossen wird.Thus, for example, the method according to the invention can cause it to be recognized on a windy day that the scattering of the measured values exceeds the reference value plus a predefined first threshold value. The minimum speed of the blower 1 is now increased stepwise until the scatter of the measured values falls below the reference value plus a predetermined second threshold value, which may be less than the first threshold value. If the scatter of the measured values falls short of the reference value plus a predetermined third threshold, which is less than the second threshold value, the intervention in the manipulated variable "minimum speed of the blower 1" is canceled again. This occurs when the gusts subside. Alternatively or additionally, the method is also on the position of the gas valve 8, which is opened or closed to a small extent in the context of clean combustion.

In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung des Verfahrens wird die Streuung der Druckdifferenz bereits vor dem Brennerstart ermittelt und ein Eingriff in die Stellgrößen des Gasventils und/oder des Gebläses entsprechend dem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren vorgenommen, wenn der Referenzwert um einen Schwellwert überschritten wird.In a preferred embodiment of the method, the scattering of the pressure difference is determined before the burner start and made an intervention in the control variables of the gas valve and / or the blower according to the method described above, when the reference value is exceeded by a threshold value.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Gebläsefan
22
Brennerburner
33
Mischvorrichtungmixing device
44
Schornsteinchimney
55
Luftzufuhrair supply
66
Gaszufuhrgas supply
77
Messvorrichtungmeasuring device
88th
Gasventilgas valve
99
Reglerregulator
1010
Luft-DrosselblendeAir orifice
1111
Gas-DrosselblendeGas orifice
1212
Brennraumcombustion chamber

Claims (13)

Verfahren zum Regeln des Gas-/Luftgemisches mittels einer Mischvorrichtung (3) bei voll vormischenden Gasbrennern mit einem dem Brenner (2) vorgeschalteten Gebläse (1), wobei die Mischvorrichtung (3) eine Messvorrichtung (7) beinhaltet, die zum Erfassen der Druckdifferenz zwischen Luft- und Gaszufuhr (5, 6) geeignet ist, wobei die Mischvorrichtung (3) ein verstellbares Gasventil (8) aufweist und wobei die Mischvorrichtung (3) eine Regler (9) aufweist, der mit der Messvorrichtung (7) und mit dem Gasventil (8) und dem Gebläse (1) verbunden ist, gekennzeichnet, durch die zyklisch durchgeführten Schritte - Messen der Druckdifferenz mit hoher Abtastrate, - Ermitteln der Streuung der Messwerte, - Tiefpassfiltern der Messwerte, - Ansteuern des Gasventils in der Weise, dass die durch die tiefpassgefilterten Messwerte repräsentierte Druckdifferenz zu Null ausgeregelt werden, - Vergleich der Streuung mit einem hinterlegten Referenzwert, - Eingriff in die Stellgrößen des Gasventils und/oder des Gebläses, wenn der Referenzwert um einen Schwellwert überschritten wird. Method for regulating the gas / air mixture by means of a mixing device (3) with fully premixing gas burners with a blower (1) upstream of the burner (2), the mixing device (3) comprising a measuring device (7) for detecting the pressure difference between Air and gas supply (5, 6) is suitable, wherein the mixing device (3) has an adjustable gas valve (8) and wherein the mixing device (3) comprises a regulator (9) connected to the measuring device (7) and to the gas valve (8) and the blower (1) is connected, characterized by the cyclically performed steps Measuring the pressure difference with a high sampling rate, - determining the dispersion of the measured values, - low-pass filtering of the measured values, Activating the gas valve in such a way that the pressure difference represented by the low-pass filtered measured values is corrected to zero, - comparison of the spread with a stored reference value, - intervention in the manipulated variables of the gas valve and / or the fan when the reference value is exceeded by a threshold value. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Referenzwert vorher in einem separaten Eichzyklus bei stabiler Flamme und Windstille ermittelt und gespeichert wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reference value is previously determined and stored in a separate calibration cycle with stable flame and calm. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Referenzwert abhängig von der Gebläsedrehzahl gespeichert wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reference value is stored depending on the fan speed. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwellwert als Konstante oder als eine zum Betrag des Referenzwertes proportionale Größe und/oder als von der Gebläsedrehzahl abhängige Größe gespeichert wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the threshold value is stored as a constant or as a magnitude proportional to the magnitude of the reference value and / or dependent on the fan speed size. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwellwert oder eine den Schwellwert beeinflussender Parameter einstellbar ist.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the threshold or a threshold value influencing parameter is adjustable. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwellwert im Betrieb des Gasbrenners dynamisch angepasst wird.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the threshold value is dynamically adjusted during operation of the gas burner. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Eingriff in die Stellgrößen darin besteht, dass der gespeicherte Wert der minimal zulässigen Lüfterdrehzahl erhöht wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the intervention in the control variables is that the stored value of the minimum allowable fan speed is increased. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Eingriff in die Stellgrößen darin besteht, dass das Gasventil innerhalb eines für eine saubere Verbrennung zulässigen Bereiches geöffnet oder geschlossen wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the intervention in the control variables is that the gas valve is opened or closed within a permissible range for clean combustion area. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Eingriff in die Stellgrößen so lange und wiederholt erfolgt, bis das Ergebnis des Vergleichs der Streuung mit einem Referenzwert den Schwellwert unterschritten, bevorzugt einen zweiten, kleineren Schwellwert unterschritten hat.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intervention in the manipulated variables takes place so long and repeatedly until the result of the comparison of the scattering with a reference value has fallen below the threshold value, preferably has fallen below a second, smaller threshold value. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Eingriff in die Stellgrößen wieder rückgängig gemacht wird, wenn das Ergebnis des Vergleichs der Streuung mit dem Referenzwert einen dritten, vorzugsweise kleineren Schwellwert unterschritten hat.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intervention in the manipulated variables is reversed again if the result of the comparison of the scattering with the reference value has fallen below a third, preferably smaller threshold value. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Fehlerstatus ausgelöst wird, wenn die Stellgrößen vorgegebene Grenzwerte erreicht haben.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an error status is triggered when the manipulated variables have reached predetermined limits. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verfahrensschritt "Vergleich der Streuung mit einem Referenzwert" und/oder der Verfahrensschritt "Eingriff in die Stellgrößen" mit einer geringeren Frequenz durchgeführt wird als der Verfahrensschritt "Messen der Druckdifferenz".Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method step "comparison of the scattering with a reference value" and / or the step "engagement in the manipulated variables" is performed at a lower frequency than the method step "measuring the pressure difference". Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich unmittelbar vor dem Start des Brenners die Schritte - Messen der Druckdifferenz mit hoher Abtastrate, - Ermitteln der Streuung der Messwerte, - Vergleich der Streuung mit einem hinterlegten Referenzwert, - Eingriff in die Stellgrößen des Gasventils und/oder des Gebläses, wenn der Referenzwert um einen Schwellwert überschritten wird,
durchgeführt werden. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that additionally immediately before the start of the burner, the steps Measuring the pressure difference with a high sampling rate, - determining the dispersion of the measured values, - comparison of the spread with a stored reference value, - intervention in the manipulated variables of the gas valve and / or the blower when the reference value is exceeded by a threshold value,
be performed.
EP11009679.9A 2010-12-20 2011-12-09 Method for regulating a gas/air mixture Active EP2466202B1 (en)

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EP2829803A1 (en) 2013-07-25 2015-01-28 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Stabilizing gas burner combustion using Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT)
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EP2682679A3 (en) * 2012-07-04 2014-08-13 Vaillant GmbH Method for monitoring a gas fuelled burner
EP2829803A1 (en) 2013-07-25 2015-01-28 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Stabilizing gas burner combustion using Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT)
WO2017063937A1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2017-04-20 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Regulating device for gas burners
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EP4170235A1 (en) * 2021-10-20 2023-04-26 ebm-papst Landshut GmbH Method for evaluating a unsteady pressure difference detected by a sensor at a gas heater and corresponding gas heater

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AT510002A4 (en) 2012-01-15
ES2702709T3 (en) 2019-03-05

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