EP2589868B1 - Method for operating a gas burner - Google Patents

Method for operating a gas burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2589868B1
EP2589868B1 EP12189554.4A EP12189554A EP2589868B1 EP 2589868 B1 EP2589868 B1 EP 2589868B1 EP 12189554 A EP12189554 A EP 12189554A EP 2589868 B1 EP2589868 B1 EP 2589868B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
combustion air
fan
control device
rotational speed
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EP12189554.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2589868A1 (en
Inventor
Piet Blaauwwiekel
Erik G. E. Gankema
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Garrett Motion SARL
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Honeywell Technologies SARL
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Publication of EP2589868A1 publication Critical patent/EP2589868A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/082—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/085—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N5/184—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F23N2225/06—Measuring pressure for determining flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/16—Fuel valves variable flow or proportional valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a gas burner.
  • a method for operating a gas burner wherein the gas burner for combustion, a gas-combustion air mixture is supplied.
  • a fan or a fan draws in combustion air, wherein a gas stream which is introduced into the combustion air flow via a gas line and a gas nozzle in the region of the combustion air line is mixed with the intake combustion air flow.
  • a sensor which provides an electrical or electronic measurement signal is coupled between the gas flow leading gas line and the combustion air leading combustion air duct, wherein a control device based on the electrical or electronic measurement signal of the sensor is a control signal for one of Gas line associated gas valve is generated to provide the gas burner, the gas-combustion air mixture with a desired gas-combustion air ratio in the sense of a 1: 1 gas-air control.
  • the gas burner for combustion to be supplied gas-combustion air mixture is influenced such that a pressure ratio between the gas pressure in the gas line and the combustion air pressure in the combustion air line is 1: 1.
  • a method for operating a gas burner is likewise known, in which the control device generates an actuating signal for a gas valve assigned to a gas line on the basis of an electrical or electronic measuring signal of a sensor.
  • the sensor providing the electrical or electronic measuring signal is not coupled between the gas line and the combustion air line, but according to this prior art, the sensor which provides the electrical or electronic measuring signal accesses the gas line and on the other hand to a reference pressure, wherein the reference pressure preferably corresponds to the combustion air pressure.
  • the gas burner a gas-combustion air mixture is provided in the sense of a 1: 1 gas-air control, so that therefore the pressure ratio between the combustion air pressure and the gas pressure is 1: 1.
  • DE 101 14 901 A1 relates to a method for adjusting the air ratio of a gas burner.
  • measured values of three sensors are used, namely a measured value of a mass flow sensor, which measures a gas mass flow, a measured value of a mass flow sensor, which measures an air mass flow, and a measured value of a sensor for the measurement the viscosity of the gas to generate control signals for controlling a metering valve and a blower and so adjust the air ratio.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a novel method for operating a gas burner.
  • the control device generates the manipulated variable for the gas valve as a function of an electrical or electronic measuring signal of a sensor, to determine the gas / combustion air ratio of the gas gas supplied to the gas burner.
  • Combustion air mixture depending on the speed of the fan and thus change over the modulation range of the gas burner, namely such that at relatively low speeds of the fan compared to relatively high speeds of the same gas fraction compared to the proportion of air in the gas combustion air mixture is reduced so that it becomes poorer in gas.
  • the measurement signal is generated by the sensor pressure based on a pressure difference between a gas pressure and a combustion air.
  • control device changes the setpoint value depending on the rotational speed of the fan.
  • control device changes the manipulated variable as a function of the rotational speed of the fan.
  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a gas burner and a control device for a gas burner.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a gas burner 10, wherein a combustion chamber 11 of the gas burner 10, a gas-combustion air mixture is supplied to the combustion.
  • a flame 12 is formed in the combustion chamber 11 into which an ionization sensor 13 can protrude, with the aid of which the formation of the flame 12 in the combustion chamber 11 can be monitored.
  • the gas combustion air mixture to be supplied to the combustion chamber 11 of the gas burner 10 is formed from the mixture of a gas flow with a combustion air flow, with a fan 14 sucking in the combustion air flow via a combustion air duct 15.
  • the combustion air is mixed with gas, wherein the gas is conveyed via a gas line 16 in the direction of the combustion air line 15.
  • a gas valve 17 is integrated, via the gas valve 17, the composition of the gas-combustion air mixture can be adjusted.
  • the amount of the gas burner to be supplied gas-combustion air mixture is adjusted.
  • gas valves 18, 19 may be integrated into the gas line 16 as safety valves.
  • the gas burner 10 is associated with a controller 20 to control the operation of the gas burner 10 and / or to regulate.
  • the gas regulator 20 determines, based on a control deviation between an actual value and a desired value, a manipulated variable for the gas flow 17 influencing the gas flow, namely for an actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 in order to supply the gas burner 11 with gas.
  • the actual value on the basis of which the gas control device 20 generates the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 is provided by a sensor 23 which generates an electrical or electronic measurement signal based on a pressure difference between a gas pressure and a combustion air pressure.
  • the senor 23 engages in the preferred embodiment of Fig. 1 on the one hand to the gas line 16, in which the gas pressure prevails, and on the other hand at a reference point, at which a reference pressure prevails, to, wherein the reference pressure corresponds to the combustion air pressure.
  • the provided by the sensor 23, electrical or electronic measurement signal or the actual value provided by the same therefore corresponds to a current pressure difference between the actual combustion air pressure and the actual gas pressure, the controller 20 compares this actual value with a corresponding desired value and generated based on the control deviation between the actual value and the target value, the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17.
  • Fig. 1 can be further seen that the controller 20 continues to generate a manipulated variable for an actuator 22 of the fan 14 to affect the speed of the fan 14.
  • the speed of the fan 14 can be varied, with a modulation of 1 of the full load speed of the fan 14 and a modulation of 5 corresponds to 20% of the full load speed of the fan.
  • the control unit 20 varies depending on the speed of the fan 14, the gas combustion air ratio of the gas combustion air mixture such that at relatively low speeds of the fan 14 compared to relatively high speeds of the same gas fraction compared to the proportion of air in the gas combustion air. Mixture is reduced so that the gas-combustion air mixture is poorer in gas. Accordingly, over the modulation range of the gas burner 10, the composition of the gas-combustion air mixture is not constant, but the composition of the gas combustion air mixture over the modulation range of the gas burner is changed, namely such that at relatively low speeds of the fan 14 the same poorer at Gas becomes.
  • control unit 20 depending on the rotational speed of the fan 14, the desired value, which is compared with the actual value provided by the sensor 23, change.
  • control unit 20 can change the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 as a function of the speed of the fan.
  • a 1: 1 gas-air control is provided, ie at a pressure ratio of gas pressure to combustion air pressure of 1: 1, so that therefore flows through the preferably designed as anemometer sensor 23 no mass flow.
  • the controller 20 controls the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 such that the actual value measured by the sensor 23 is zero, ie the corresponding target Value corresponds.
  • the controller 20 provides 1: N gas air control with a ratio of gas pressure to combustion air pressure of 1: N, where N is greater than one.
  • N is greater than one.
  • the limit for the speed of the fan 14, from which falls below the 1: 1 gas air control leave and the gas content of the gas combustion air mixture compared to the air portion thereof is reduced, in particular between 20% and 50% of the full load speed of the fan 14th , ie between a modulation of 5 and 2.
  • Particularly preferred is a variant of the invention, in which the limit value for the rotational speed of the fan 14, from which falls below the 1: N gas air control, between 30% and 40% the full load speed of the fan 14 is located.
  • the target value is no longer regulated to a zero flow at the sensor 23, but to a flow from the reference point in the direction of the gas line 16, ie to a negative value ,
  • the control device via the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, a gas-combustion air mixture with a gas-combustion air ratio ready, which in the gas burner 10, namely in the Combustion chamber 11 thereof, a combustion in particular with an air ratio of 1.20 to 1.25 guaranteed.
  • control unit 20 via the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, a gas-combustion air mixture with a gas-combustion air ratio ready, which combustion in the combustion chamber 11 of the gas burner 10, in particular with an air ratio between 1.35 and 1.40 guaranteed.
  • Fig. 2 to 4 show diagrams to further illustrate the invention, wherein in Fig. 2 to 4 in each case a target value ⁇ p SOLL for the pressure difference between the gas pressure and the combustion air pressure, which is used to determine the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, is discharged via the rotational speed n of the fan 14.
  • a target value ⁇ p SOLL for the pressure difference between the gas pressure and the combustion air pressure which is used to determine the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, is discharged via the rotational speed n of the fan 14.
  • a target value ⁇ p SOLL for the pressure difference between the gas pressure and the combustion air pressure which is used to determine the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, is discharged via the rotational speed n of the fan 14.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners.The invention relates to a method for operating a gas burner.

Aus der EP 1 944 550 A2 ist ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners bekannt, wobei dem Gasbrenner zur Verbrennung ein Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch zugeführt wird. Ein Lüfter bzw. ein Gebläse saugt hierzu Verbrennungsluft an, wobei mit dem angesaugten Verbrennungsluftstrom ein Gasstrom gemischt wird, der über eine Gasleitung und eine Gasdüse im Bereich der Verbrennungsluftleitung in den Verbrennungsluftstrom eingeleitet wird. Nach diesem Stand der Technik ist ein Sensor, der ein elektrisches bzw. elektronisches Messsignal bereitstellt, zwischen die den Gasstrom führende Gasleitung und die den Verbrennungsluft führende Verbrennungsluftleitung gekoppelt, wobei ein Regelgerät auf Grundlage des elektrischen bzw. elektronischen Messsignals des Sensor ein Stellsignal für ein der Gasleitung zugeordnetes Gasventil erzeugt, um dem Gasbrenner das Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch mit einem gewünschten Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Verhältnis im Sinne einer 1:1-Gas-Luft-Regelung bereitzustellen. Hierbei wird das dem Gasbrenner zur Verbrennung zuzuführende Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch derart beeinflusst, dass ein Druckverhältnis zwischen dem Gasdruck in der Gasleitung und dem Verbrennungsluftdruck in der Verbrennungsluftleitung 1:1 beträgt.From the EP 1 944 550 A2 a method for operating a gas burner is known, wherein the gas burner for combustion, a gas-combustion air mixture is supplied. For this purpose, a fan or a fan draws in combustion air, wherein a gas stream which is introduced into the combustion air flow via a gas line and a gas nozzle in the region of the combustion air line is mixed with the intake combustion air flow. According to this prior art, a sensor which provides an electrical or electronic measurement signal is coupled between the gas flow leading gas line and the combustion air leading combustion air duct, wherein a control device based on the electrical or electronic measurement signal of the sensor is a control signal for one of Gas line associated gas valve is generated to provide the gas burner, the gas-combustion air mixture with a desired gas-combustion air ratio in the sense of a 1: 1 gas-air control. Here, the gas burner for combustion to be supplied gas-combustion air mixture is influenced such that a pressure ratio between the gas pressure in the gas line and the combustion air pressure in the combustion air line is 1: 1.

Aus der EP 2 090 827 A2 ist ebenfalls ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners bekannt, bei welchem das Regelgerät auf Grundlage eines elektrischen bzw. elektronischen Messsignals eines Sensors ein Stellsignal für ein einer Gasleitung zugeordnetes Gasventil erzeugt. Nach diesem Stand der Technik ist jedoch der das elektrische bzw. elektronische Messsignal bereitstellende Sensor nicht zwischen die Gasleitung und die Verbrennungsluftleitung gekoppelt, vielmehr greift nach diesem Stand der Technik der Sensor, der das elektrische bzw. elektronische Messsignal bereit stellt, einerseits an der Gasleitung und andererseits an einem Referenzdruck an, wobei der Referenzdruck vorzugsweise dem Verbrennungsluftdruck entspricht. Auch hierbei wird dem Gasbrenner ein Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch im Sinne einer 1:1-Gas-Luftregelung bereitgestellt, sodass demnach das Druckverhältnis zwischen dem Verbrennungsluftdruck und dem Gasdruck 1:1 beträgt.From the EP 2 090 827 A2 A method for operating a gas burner is likewise known, in which the control device generates an actuating signal for a gas valve assigned to a gas line on the basis of an electrical or electronic measuring signal of a sensor. According to this state of the art, however, the sensor providing the electrical or electronic measuring signal is not coupled between the gas line and the combustion air line, but according to this prior art, the sensor which provides the electrical or electronic measuring signal accesses the gas line and on the other hand to a reference pressure, wherein the reference pressure preferably corresponds to the combustion air pressure. Again, the gas burner, a gas-combustion air mixture is provided in the sense of a 1: 1 gas-air control, so that therefore the pressure ratio between the combustion air pressure and the gas pressure is 1: 1.

Bei diesen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners, bei welchen das Regelgerät das Stellsignal für das Gasventil auf Grundlage eines elektrischen bzw. elektronischen Messsignals eines Sensors generiert, wird über den gesamten Modulationsbereich des Gasbrenners, also unabhängig von der Drehzahl des Lüfters, das Verhältnis von Gas und Verbrennungsluft im Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch konstant gehalten. Eine Modulation von 1 entspricht einer Volllastdrehzahl des Lüfters und eine Modulation von 5 entspricht 20% der Volllastdrehzahl des Lüfters. Wie bereits ausgeführt, wird nach dem Stand der Technik im gesamten Modulationsbereich das Verhältnis von Gas und Verbrennungsluft im Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch im Sinne einer 1:1 -Gas-Luftregelung konstant gehalten, wie z.B. in der DE 19922226 beschrieben.In these known from the prior art method for operating a gas burner, in which the control device generates the control signal for the gas valve based on an electrical or electronic measurement signal of a sensor, over the entire modulation range of the gas burner, that is independent of the speed of the fan , kept constant the ratio of gas and combustion air in the gas-combustion air mixture. A modulation of 1 corresponds to a full load speed of the fan and a modulation of 5 corresponds to 20% of the full load speed of the fan. As already stated, the ratio of gas and combustion air in the gas combustion air mixture in the sense of a 1: 1 gas air control is kept constant in the entire modulation range according to the prior art, such as in the DE 19922226 described.

DE 101 14 901 A1 betrifft ein Verfahren zur Einstellung der Luftzahl eines Gasbrenners. Nach diesem Stand der Technik werden Messwerte von drei Sensoren verwendet, nämlich ein Messwert eines Massestromsensors, welcher einen Gasmassestrom misst, ein Messwert eines Massenstromsensors, welcher einen Luftmassenstrom misst, sowie ein Messwert eines Sensors zur Messung der Viskosität des Gases, um Steuersignale zur Ansteuerung eines Dosierventils sowie eines Gebläses zu generieren und so die Luftzahl einzustellen. DE 101 14 901 A1 relates to a method for adjusting the air ratio of a gas burner. According to this prior art, measured values of three sensors are used, namely a measured value of a mass flow sensor, which measures a gas mass flow, a measured value of a mass flow sensor, which measures an air mass flow, and a measured value of a sensor for the measurement the viscosity of the gas to generate control signals for controlling a metering valve and a blower and so adjust the air ratio.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein neuartiges Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners zu schaffen.On this basis, the invention is based on the object to provide a novel method for operating a gas burner.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method for operating a gas burner with the features of claim 1.

Mit der hier vorliegenden Erfindung wird erstmals vorgeschlagen, bei einem Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners, bei welchem das Regelgerät die Stellgröße für das Gasventil abhängig vom einem elektrischen bzw. elektronischen Messsignal eines Sensors generiert, das Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Verhältnis des dem Gasbrenner zuzuführenden Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemischs abhängig von der Drehzahl des Lüfters und damit über den Modulationsbereich des Gasbrenners zu verändern, nämlich derart, dass bei relativ kleinen Drehzahlen des Lüfters im Vergleich zu relativ hohen Drehzahlen desselben der Gasanteil gegenüber dem Luftanteil im Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch verringert wird, sodass dasselbe ärmer an Gas wird. Das Messsignal wird dabei vom Sensor auf Grundlage einer Druckdifferenz zwischen einem Gasdruck und einem Verbrennungsluft druck generiert.With the present invention, it is proposed for the first time in a method for operating a gas burner, in which the control device generates the manipulated variable for the gas valve as a function of an electrical or electronic measuring signal of a sensor, to determine the gas / combustion air ratio of the gas gas supplied to the gas burner. Combustion air mixture depending on the speed of the fan and thus change over the modulation range of the gas burner, namely such that at relatively low speeds of the fan compared to relatively high speeds of the same gas fraction compared to the proportion of air in the gas combustion air mixture is reduced so that it becomes poorer in gas. The measurement signal is generated by the sensor pressure based on a pressure difference between a gas pressure and a combustion air.

Dadurch ist es möglich, bei relativ kleinen Drehzahlen des Lüfters, also im Teillastbetrieb des Gasbrenners Gasemissionen, insbesondere NOx-Emissionen, zu verringern.This makes it possible to reduce gas emissions, in particular NOx emissions, at relatively low rotational speeds of the fan, that is to say in the partial load operation of the gas burner.

Nach einer ersten vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung verändert hierzu das Regelgerät abhängig von der Drehzahl des Lüfters den Sollwert. Nach einer zweiten vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung verändert hierzu das Regelgerät abhängig von der Drehzahl des Lüfters die Stellgröße.According to a first advantageous development of the invention, the control device changes the setpoint value depending on the rotational speed of the fan. According to a second advantageous development of the invention, the control device changes the manipulated variable as a function of the rotational speed of the fan.

Mit beiden vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen, die vorzugsweise alternativ, jedoch auch in Kombination miteinander eingesetzt werden können, kann die Veränderung der Zusammensetzung des Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemischs abhängig von der Drehzahl des Lüfters besonders einfach realisiert werden.With two advantageous developments, which can be preferably used alternatively, but also in combination with each other, the change in the composition of the gas-combustion air mixture depending on the speed of the fan can be particularly easily realized.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, ohne hierauf beschränkt zu sein, anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigt:

Fig. 1:
ein Blockschaltbild eines Gasbrenners;
Fig. 2:
ein erstes Diagramm zur weiteren Verdeutlichung der Erfindung;
Fig. 3
ein zweites Diagramm zur weiteren Verdeutlichung der Erfindung; und
Fig. 4
ein drittes Diagramm zur weiteren Verdeutlichung der Erfindung.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below. Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention, without being limited thereto, explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In the drawing shows:
Fig. 1:
a block diagram of a gas burner;
Fig. 2:
a first diagram for further illustrating the invention;
Fig. 3
a second diagram for further illustrating the invention; and
Fig. 4
a third diagram to further illustrate the invention.

Die hier vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners sowie ein Regelgerät für einen Gasbrenner.The present invention relates to a method for operating a gas burner and a control device for a gas burner.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisiert einen Gasbrenner 10, wobei einer Brennkammer 11 des Gasbrenners 10 ein Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch zur Verbrennung zugeführt wird. Bei der Verbrennung des Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemischs in der Brennkammer 11 des Gasbrenners 10 bildet sich in der Brennkammer 11 eine Flamme 12 aus, in die ein Ionisationssensor 13 hineinragen kann, mithilfe dessen das Ausbilden der Flamme 12 in der Brennkammer 11 überwacht werden kann. Fig. 1 schematically shows a gas burner 10, wherein a combustion chamber 11 of the gas burner 10, a gas-combustion air mixture is supplied to the combustion. During the combustion of the gas combustion air mixture in the combustion chamber 11 of the gas burner 10, a flame 12 is formed in the combustion chamber 11 into which an ionization sensor 13 can protrude, with the aid of which the formation of the flame 12 in the combustion chamber 11 can be monitored.

Das der Brennkammer 11 des IGasbrenners 10 zuzuführende Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch wird aus der Mischung eines Gasstroms mit einem Verbrennungsluftstrom gebildet, wobei ein Gebläse bzw. Lüfter 14 den Verbrennungsluftstrom über eine Verbrennungsluftleitung 15 ansaugt. Die Verbrennungsluft wird mit Gas gemischt, wobei das Gas über eine Gasleitung 16 in Richtung auf die Verbrennungsluftleitung 15 gefördert wird.The gas combustion air mixture to be supplied to the combustion chamber 11 of the gas burner 10 is formed from the mixture of a gas flow with a combustion air flow, with a fan 14 sucking in the combustion air flow via a combustion air duct 15. The combustion air is mixed with gas, wherein the gas is conveyed via a gas line 16 in the direction of the combustion air line 15.

In die Gasleitung 16 ist ein Gasventil 17 integriert, wobei über das Gasventil 17 die Zusammensetzung des Gas-Verbrennungsluftgemischs eingestellt werden kann. Über den Lüfter 14 wird die Menge des dem Gasbrenner zuzuführenden Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemischs eingestellt.In the gas line 16, a gas valve 17 is integrated, via the gas valve 17, the composition of the gas-combustion air mixture can be adjusted. About the fan 14, the amount of the gas burner to be supplied gas-combustion air mixture is adjusted.

Zusätzlich zum Gasventil 17 können in die Gasleitung 16 als Sicherheitsventile weitere Gasventile 18, 19 integriert sein.In addition to the gas valve 17 further gas valves 18, 19 may be integrated into the gas line 16 as safety valves.

Dem Gasbrenner 10 ist ein Regelgerät 20 zugeordnet, um den Betrieb des Gasbrenners 10 zu steuern und/oder zu regeln. Hierzu wird so vorgegangen, dass das Gasregelgerät 20 auf Grundlage einer Regelabweichung zwischen einem Ist-Wert und einem Soll-Wert eine Stellgröße für das den Gasstrom beeinflussende Gasventil 17 ermittelt, nämlich für einen Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17, um dem Gasbrenner 11 das Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch mit einer gewünschten Zusammensetzung bzw. einem gewünschten Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Verhältnis bereit zu stellen. Der Ist-Wert, auf Grundlage dessen das Gasregelgerät 20 die Stellgröße für den Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17 generiert, wird von einem Sensor 23 bereitgestellt, der ein elektrisches bzw. elektronisches Messsignal auf Grundlage einer Druckdifferenz zwischen einem Gasdruck und einem Verbrennungsluftdruck generiert. Hierzu greift der Sensor 23 im bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 einerseits an der Gasleitung 16, in welcher der Gasdruck herrscht, und andererseits an einem Referenzpunkt, an welchem ein Referenzdruck herrscht, an, wobei der Referenzdruck dem Verbrennungsluftdruck entspricht. Das vom Sensor 23 bereitgestellte, elektrische bzw. elektronische Messsignal bzw. der von demselben bereitgestellte Ist-Wert entspricht demnach einer aktuellen Druckdifferenz zwischen dem tatsächlichen Verbrennungsluftdruck und dem tatsächlichen Gasdruck, wobei das Regelgerät 20 diesen Ist-Wert mit einem entsprechenden Soll-Wert vergleicht und auf Grundlage der Regelabweichung zwischen dem Ist-Wert und dem Soll-Wert die Stellgröße für den Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17 erzeugt.The gas burner 10 is associated with a controller 20 to control the operation of the gas burner 10 and / or to regulate. For this purpose, the gas regulator 20 determines, based on a control deviation between an actual value and a desired value, a manipulated variable for the gas flow 17 influencing the gas flow, namely for an actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 in order to supply the gas burner 11 with gas. Combustion air mixture with a desired composition or a desired gas combustion air ratio to provide. The actual value on the basis of which the gas control device 20 generates the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 is provided by a sensor 23 which generates an electrical or electronic measurement signal based on a pressure difference between a gas pressure and a combustion air pressure. For this purpose, the sensor 23 engages in the preferred embodiment of Fig. 1 on the one hand to the gas line 16, in which the gas pressure prevails, and on the other hand at a reference point, at which a reference pressure prevails, to, wherein the reference pressure corresponds to the combustion air pressure. The provided by the sensor 23, electrical or electronic measurement signal or the actual value provided by the same therefore corresponds to a current pressure difference between the actual combustion air pressure and the actual gas pressure, the controller 20 compares this actual value with a corresponding desired value and generated based on the control deviation between the actual value and the target value, the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17.

Fig. 1 kann weiterhin entnommen werden, dass das Regelgerät 20 weiterhin eine Stellgröße für einen Aktuator 22 des Lüfters 14 erzeugt, um die Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 zu beeinflussen. Innerhalb eines definierten Modulationsbereichs des Gasbrenners 10 kann die Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 variiert werden, wobei eine Modulation von 1 der Volllastdrehzahl des Lüfters 14 und eine Modulation von 5 20% der Volllastdrehzahl des Lüfters entspricht. Fig. 1 can be further seen that the controller 20 continues to generate a manipulated variable for an actuator 22 of the fan 14 to affect the speed of the fan 14. Within a defined modulation range of the gas burner 10, the speed of the fan 14 can be varied, with a modulation of 1 of the full load speed of the fan 14 and a modulation of 5 corresponds to 20% of the full load speed of the fan.

Das Regelgerät 20 verändert abhängig von der Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 das Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Verhältnis des Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemischs derart, dass bei relativ kleinen Drehzahlen des Lüfters 14 im Vergleich zu relativ hohen Drehzahlen desselben der Gasanteil gegenüber dem Luftanteil im Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch verringert wird, sodass das Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch ärmer an Gas wird. Demnach ist über den Modulationsbereich des Gasbrenners 10 die Zusammensetzung des Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemischs nicht konstant, vielmehr wird die Zusammensetzung des Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemischs über den Modulationsbereichs des Gasbrenners verändert, nämlich derart, dass bei relativ kleinen Drehzahlen des Lüfters 14 dasselbe ärmer an Gas wird.The control unit 20 varies depending on the speed of the fan 14, the gas combustion air ratio of the gas combustion air mixture such that at relatively low speeds of the fan 14 compared to relatively high speeds of the same gas fraction compared to the proportion of air in the gas combustion air. Mixture is reduced so that the gas-combustion air mixture is poorer in gas. Accordingly, over the modulation range of the gas burner 10, the composition of the gas-combustion air mixture is not constant, but the composition of the gas combustion air mixture over the modulation range of the gas burner is changed, namely such that at relatively low speeds of the fan 14 the same poorer at Gas becomes.

Nach einer ersten Variante der Erfindung kann hierzu das Regelgerät 20 abhängig von der Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 den Soll-Wert, der mit dem vom Sensor 23 bereitgestellten Ist-Wert verglichen wird, verändern. Nach einer zweiten Variante kann hierzu das Regelgerät 20 abhängig von der Drehzahl des Lüfters die Stellgröße für den Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17 verändern.According to a first variant of the invention, for this purpose, the control unit 20, depending on the rotational speed of the fan 14, the desired value, which is compared with the actual value provided by the sensor 23, change. According to a second variant, the control unit 20 can change the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 as a function of the speed of the fan.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Variante der Erfindung wird mithilfe des Regelgeräts 20 dann, wenn die Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 größer als ein Grenzwert ist, eine 1:1-Gas-Luft-Regelung bereitgestellt, also bei einem Druckverhältnis von Gasdruck zu Verbrennungsluftdruck von 1:1, sodass demnach durch den vorzugsweise als Anemometer ausgebildeten Sensor 23 kein Massenstrom fließt.According to an advantageous variant of the invention, with the aid of the control device 20, when the rotational speed of the fan 14 is greater than a limit value, a 1: 1 gas-air control is provided, ie at a pressure ratio of gas pressure to combustion air pressure of 1: 1, so that therefore flows through the preferably designed as anemometer sensor 23 no mass flow.

Bei einem Druckverhältnis von 1:1 zwischen dem Gasdruck und dem Verbrennungsluftdruck beträgt der Ist-Wert demnach Null, wobei das Regelgerät 20 den Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17 derart ansteuert, dass der vom Sensor 23 gemessene Ist-Wert Null beträgt, also dem entsprechenden Soll-Wert entspricht.At a pressure ratio of 1: 1 between the gas pressure and the combustion air pressure, the actual value is therefore zero, wherein the controller 20 controls the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 such that the actual value measured by the sensor 23 is zero, ie the corresponding target Value corresponds.

Dann hingegen, wenn die Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 kleiner als der Grenzwert ist, wird mithilfe des Regelgeräts 20 eine 1:N-Gas-Luftregelung bereitgestellt mit einem Verhältnis von Gasdruck zu Verbrennungsluftdruck von 1:N, wobei N größer 1 ist. Hierzu kann, wie bereits ausgeführt, abhängig von der Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 entweder der Soll-Wert für das Regelgerät 20 oder die Stellgröße für den Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17 angepasst werden.On the other hand, if the speed of the fan 14 is less than the limit, then the controller 20 provides 1: N gas air control with a ratio of gas pressure to combustion air pressure of 1: N, where N is greater than one. For this purpose, as already stated, depending on the rotational speed of the fan 14, either the desired value for the controller 20 or the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 can be adjusted.

Der Grenzwert für die Drehzahl des Lüfters 14, ab dessen Unterschreiten die 1:1-Gas-Luftregelung verlassen und der Gasanteil des Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemischs gegenüber dem Luftanteil desselben verringert wird, liegt insbesondere zwischen 20% und 50% der Volllastdrehzahl des Lüfters 14, also zwischen einer Modulation von 5 und 2. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Variante der Erfindung, in welcher der Grenzwert für die Drehzahl des Lüfters 14, ab dessen Unterschreiten auf die 1:N-Gas-Luftregelung gewechselt wird, zwischen 30% und 40% der Volllastdrehzahl des Lüfters 14 liegt.The limit for the speed of the fan 14, from which falls below the 1: 1 gas air control leave and the gas content of the gas combustion air mixture compared to the air portion thereof is reduced, in particular between 20% and 50% of the full load speed of the fan 14th , ie between a modulation of 5 and 2. Particularly preferred is a variant of the invention, in which the limit value for the rotational speed of the fan 14, from which falls below the 1: N gas air control, between 30% and 40% the full load speed of the fan 14 is located.

Dann, wenn das Regelgerät 20 bei Unterschreiten des Grenzwerts für den Lüfter 14 den Soll-Wert verändert, wird nicht mehr auf einen Nulldurchfluss am Sensor 23 geregelt, sondern auf einen Durchfluss ausgehend vom Referenzpunkt in Richtung auf die Gasleitung 16, also auf einen negativen Wert.Then, when the controller 20 changes below the limit value for the fan 14, the target value is no longer regulated to a zero flow at the sensor 23, but to a flow from the reference point in the direction of the gas line 16, ie to a negative value ,

Dann, wenn das Regelgerät 20 bei Unterschreiten des Grenzwerts für die Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 die Stellgröße für den Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17 anpasst, wird die eigentlich für die 1:1-Gas-Luft-Regelung generierte Stellgröße mit einem negativen Offset-Wert verrechnet, um den Gasanteil zu verringern.Then, when the controller 20, falls below the limit value for the rotational speed of the fan 14 adjusts the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, the actually generated for the 1: 1 gas-air control variable with a negative offset value is calculated to reduce the gas content.

Dann, wenn die Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 größer als der Grenzwert ist, stellt das Regelgerät über die Stellgröße für den Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17 ein Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch mit einem Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Verhältnis bereit, welches im Gasbrenner 10, nämlich in der Brennkammer 11 desselben, eine Verbrennung insbesondere mit einer Luftzahl von 1,20 bis 1,25 gewährleistet.Then, when the rotational speed of the fan 14 is greater than the limit value, the control device via the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, a gas-combustion air mixture with a gas-combustion air ratio ready, which in the gas burner 10, namely in the Combustion chamber 11 thereof, a combustion in particular with an air ratio of 1.20 to 1.25 guaranteed.

Unterhalb dieses Grenzwerts stellt das Regelgerät 20 über die Stellgröße für den Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17 ein Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisch mit einem Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Verhältnis bereit, welches eine Verbrennung in der Brennkammer 11 des Gasbrenners 10 insbesondere mit einer Luftzahl zwischen 1,35 und 1,40 gewährleistet.Below this limit, the control unit 20 via the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, a gas-combustion air mixture with a gas-combustion air ratio ready, which combustion in the combustion chamber 11 of the gas burner 10, in particular with an air ratio between 1.35 and 1.40 guaranteed.

Fig. 2 bis 4 zeigen Diagramme zur weiteren Verdeutlichen der Erfindung, wobei in Fig. 2 bis 4 über der Drehzahl n des Lüfters 14 jeweils ein Soll-Wert ΔpSOLL für die Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Gasdruck und dem Verbrennungsluftdruck ausgetragen ist, der zur Bestimmung der Stellgröße für den Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17 verwendet wird. In Fig. 2 bis 4 ist jeweils oberhalb eines Grenzwerts nG für die Drehzahl n des Lüfters 14 dieser Soll-Wert ΔpSOLL Null, sodass dann, wenn die Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 größer als der Grenzwert nG ist, eine 1:1-Gas-Luft-Regelung mit einem Verhältnis von Gasdruck zu Verbrennungsluftdruck von 1:1 bereit gestellt wird. Unterhalb des Grenzwerts nG für die Drehzahl n des Lüfters 14 wird in Fig. 2 bis 4 dieser Soll-Wert ΔpSOLL reduziert, nämlich in Fig. 2 einfach und stufenartig, in Fig. 3 mehrfach und stufenartig und in Fig. 4 kontinuierlich, nämlich linear. Fig. 2 to 4 show diagrams to further illustrate the invention, wherein in Fig. 2 to 4 in each case a target value Δp SOLL for the pressure difference between the gas pressure and the combustion air pressure, which is used to determine the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, is discharged via the rotational speed n of the fan 14. In Fig. 2 to 4 is, respectively, above a threshold value n G for the rotational speed n of the fan 14 of this target value Ap SOLL zero when the speed of the fan 14 n is greater than the threshold value so that G is a 1: 1 gas-air control with a ratio of gas pressure to combustion air pressure of 1: 1 is provided. Below the limit n G for the speed n of the fan 14 is in Fig. 2 to 4 this target value Δp SOLL reduced, namely in Fig. 2 simple and step-like, in Fig. 3 multiple and stepwise and in Fig. 4 continuous, namely linear.

Die obigen Anpassungen können analog auch dann zum Einsatz kommen, wenn abhängig von der Drehzahl des Lüfters 14 die Stellgröße für den Aktuator 21 des Gasventils 17 verändert wird.The above adjustments can also be used analogously if, depending on the speed of the fan 14, the manipulated variable for the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 is changed.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
Gasbrennergas burner
1111
Brennkammercombustion chamber
1212
Flammeflame
1313
Ionisationssensorionization
1414
LüfterFan
1515
VerbrennungsluftleitungCombustion air line
1616
Gasleitunggas pipe
1717
Gasventilgas valve
1818
Gasventilgas valve
1919
Gasventilgas valve
2020
Regelgerätregulator
2121
Aktuatoractuator
2222
Aktuatoractuator
2323
Sensorsensor

Claims (9)

  1. Method for operating a gas burner (10), wherein a gas/combustion air mixture is fed to the gas burner (10) for combusting in said gas burner (10) in such a way that a combustion air flow, which is inducted by a fan (14), is mixed with a gas flow and the resulting gas/combustion air mixture is fed to the gas burner (10), wherein to this end a control device (20), on the basis of a control deviation between an actual value, which is recorded by a sensor (23) providing an electrical or electronic measurement signal and acting on a gas line (16) which carries the gas flow, and a corresponding reference value, determines a manipulated variable for a gas valve (17) which influences the gas flow, and wherein the gas valve (17) is adjusted in dependence upon this manipulated variable in order to make available to the gas burner (10) the gas/combustion air mixture with a desired gas/combustion air ratio, wherein the control device (20) alters the gas/combustion air ratio of the gas/combustion air mixture in dependence upon a rotational speed of the fan (14) in such a way that at relatively low rotational speeds of the fan (14) in comparison to relatively high rotational speeds of the fan (14) the gas proportion is reduced in relation to the air proportion so that the gas/combustion air ratio becomes leaner in gas, wherein the actual value of a pressure difference between a gas pressure and a combustion air pressure is used.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, wherein to this end the control device (20) alters the reference value in dependence upon the rotational speed of the fan (14).
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein to this end the control device (20) alters the manipulated variable in dependence upon the rotational speed of the fan (14).
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein when the rotational speed of the fan (14) is higher than a limit value, the control device (20) provides a 1:1 gas/air control with a ratio of gas pressure to combustion air pressure of 1:1.
  5. Method according to Claim 4, wherein when the rotational speed of the fan (14) is higher than the limit value, the control device (20) provides a gas/combustion air mixture with a gas/combustion air ratio which ensures a combustion in the gas burner (10) with an air ratio of between 1.20 and 1.25.
  6. Method according to Claim 4, wherein when the rotational speed of the fan (14) is lower than the limit value, the control device (20) provides a 1:N gas/air control with a ratio of gas pressure to combustion air pressure of 1:N, with N>1.
  7. Method according to Claim 4, wherein when the rotational speed of the fan (14) is lower than the limit value, the control device (20) provides a gas/combustion air mixture with a gas/combustion air ratio which ensures a combustion in the gas burner (10) with an air ratio of between 1.35 and 1.40.
  8. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 7, wherein the control device (20) continuously alters the reference value and/or the manipulated variable in dependence upon the rotational speed of the fan (14).
  9. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 7, wherein the control device (20) alters the reference value and/or the manipulated variable in a single step or in multiple steps in dependence upon the rotational speed of the fan (14).
EP12189554.4A 2011-11-07 2012-10-23 Method for operating a gas burner Active EP2589868B1 (en)

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