EP2462819B1 - Regulation assembly for a cigarette manufacturing machine and method for regulating the transport of the cigarette filler - Google Patents

Regulation assembly for a cigarette manufacturing machine and method for regulating the transport of the cigarette filler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2462819B1
EP2462819B1 EP11009086.7A EP11009086A EP2462819B1 EP 2462819 B1 EP2462819 B1 EP 2462819B1 EP 11009086 A EP11009086 A EP 11009086A EP 2462819 B1 EP2462819 B1 EP 2462819B1
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Prior art keywords
air
regulation assembly
cigarette
conveying
flow
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EP11009086.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2462819A3 (en
EP2462819A2 (en
Inventor
Udo Kükenshöner
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Riedel Filtertechnik GmbH
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Riedel Filtertechnik GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/14—Machines of the continuous-rod type
    • A24C5/18—Forming the rod
    • A24C5/1871—Devices for regulating the tobacco quantity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control arrangement for a cigarette manufacturing machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for controlling the transport of the cigarette filler in a cigarette manufacturing machine according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • the cigarette filler which is mostly tobacco or a tobacco product, is transported by a conveying medium, which is usually designed as a circulating belt.
  • the cigarette filler is formed into a strand from which the cigarettes are made in the further process.
  • the pumped medium is air-permeable so that an air flow can pass through the pumped medium. This makes it possible to supply the cigarette filler to the delivery medium in an air flow, the cigarette filler being pressed against the delivery medium by the air flow passing through the delivery medium. In this case, there is a connection between the properties of the cigarette filler cord that is formed on the conveying medium and the prevailing flow conditions, in particular the rate of air passage through the conveying medium.
  • the contact pressure of the cigarette filler depends in particular on the flow conditions which occur immediately before the air enters the conveying medium to the pumped medium.
  • the contact pressure results from the specific drag coefficient (CW value) of the cigarette filler and its flow.
  • the compression of the cigarette filler and the resulting amount of filler per cigarette and their homogeneity depend on the contact pressure.
  • the pumped medium is generally subject to wear that occurs within a few hours of operation, the flow resistance of which to the air flow passing through changes due to the finest tobacco particles that are stored in the pumped medium.
  • the tobacco contains the finest but abrasive substances that pass through the medium with the air flow and are responsible for wear on the compressor, which is also worn out after a few months and loses efficiency in the course of this wear development.
  • the pressure loss when air passes through the medium is usually between 80 and 140 mbar.
  • Compressors which are flow machines, are therefore used to convey the air. This type of compressor is characterized by a volume flow dependent on the pressure difference to be overcome. The entire system is accordingly sensitive to fluctuations in pressure loss when air passes through the medium.
  • a continuous cigarette machine in which, in order to correct short-term fluctuations in the density of the cigarette filler transported on the conveying medium, it is exposed, if it is already on the conveying medium, to a second air stream flowing through the cigarette filler and the conveying medium.
  • the pressure loss is measured on a section of the cigarette filler flow that is shorter than a cigarette length, and thus the second air flow, which also acts on the cigarette filler on a section of the cigarette filler flow that is shorter than a cigarette length, and thus the compression of the cigarette filler in the moment that this is a surplus withdrawal device reached, regulates so that a steady flow of cigarette filler is achieved due to the decrease in excess.
  • this method is suitable for compensating for fluctuations in the density of the cigarette filler, it does not solve the problem of changes in the flow properties of the conveying medium during operation, it can even aggravate it, since changes in the properties of the conveying medium such as changes in the properties of the cigarette filler act on the measured variable of the control and so on lead to an adverse unwanted influence on the cigarette filler flow.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a control arrangement and a method for controlling the cigarette filler transport, which enable the production of a cigarette filler strand with a continuously constant quality.
  • the control arrangement has a volume flow control for the air flow passing through the conveying medium and which transports the cigarette filler to the conveying medium. Because the volume flow is regulated, the amount of air passing through the medium and the suction speed remain constant regardless of the absolute pressure anywhere in the pneumatic system of the cigarette making machine. This ensures that if the air flow resistance of the pumped medium changes during operation, especially if, for example, pores of the air-permeable pumped medium clog with the finest tobacco particles and are thus sealed, this does not affect the control system, which is kept constant by the Air volume passing through the medium per unit of time, ie the control is independent of the change in pressure loss of the air passing through the medium when passing through the medium.
  • the control arrangement can have a measuring device for measuring the mass and / or volume flow.
  • Both the mass and the volume flow are in principle suitable as a suitable variable for measuring or regulating the volume flow of the air passing through the medium.
  • the mass flow offers the advantage of being directly proportional to the mass flow, ie the quantity of air molecules conveyed per unit of time, and thus independent of pressure and temperature influences.
  • the volume flow is also suitable as a measurement and / or control variable, since the fluctuations to which pressure and temperature are subject in the area of the measuring point in the present process are so small that the change in density of the air and thus the pressure and temperature influence on the dependence of the volume flow on the volume flow can be neglected.
  • the mass and / or volume flow can preferably be measured by a differential pressure measurement, which is based on the calculation of the mass / volume flow as a function of a pressure difference.
  • the differential pressure measurement can be carried out, for example, on a measuring orifice or another similar component located in the air flow or on a tapering of the line guiding the air flow, which is brought about by suitable internals. This type of measurement has the advantage of high reliability, especially in the present air flow, which is usually loaded with abrasive particles.
  • the measurement can also be carried out using other methods, in particular using the measurement of the heat flow of an electrically heated wire or the measurement of the pressure build-up in front of an impeller or a damper blade or similar internals.
  • the air delivery device which delivers the air passing through the delivery medium, is preferably connected to the inlet of an exhaust air system.
  • An exhaust air system initially means all types of process air discharge systems, for example it can be a simple hall ventilation, but it can also be a complex process air treatment system, which can have filter devices, for example.
  • Such an exhaust air system can serve, for example, to remove the finest particles of the cigarette filler, which are transported through the conveying medium with the air stream passing through the conveying medium, from the process air stream.
  • the air flow which initially transports the cigarette filler to the conveying medium, then passes through it and is transported from the conveying device, which can still be arranged in the cigarette manufacturing machine, to its exhaust air outlet or, if appropriate, to an exhaust air system becomes constant in stationary operation at any point in the air flow guide, at least as long as it has no branches, it is in principle possible to provide the control arrangement, in particular its measuring device, at every point of this air flow guide.
  • the control arrangement, in particular its measuring device is preferably arranged in the region of an air flow conveyed by the air conveying device to the exhaust air system. This is particularly advantageous if the air delivery device is provided within the cigarette manufacturing machine.
  • control arrangement and the cigarette making machine are spatially separated from one another greatly simplifies upgrading and retrofitting as well as maintenance, installation and conversion work.
  • Such a continuity of the air volume flow is in any case given for the air volume flow that actually passes through the conveying medium in the direction of conveyance up to the first branch, whereby any supply air flows that can occur, for example, due to leaks in the system, do not have a disruptive effect in continuous operation, since a precise knowledge of the air flow is not absolutely necessary. It is only important to keep it constant at a level that is optimized for the manufacture of cigarettes.
  • the air volume flow for example, which is constantly regulated between the air delivery device and the inlet of the exhaust air system, actually corresponds exactly and quantitatively exactly to the air volume flow passing through the medium, it is only important that the regulated volume flow and the volume flow actually passing through the medium depend quantitatively on each other.
  • the control arrangement preferably has a controlled throttle device, for example a throttle valve, as an actuator.
  • a controlled throttle device has the advantage that it represents a cost-effective and reliable possibility for regulating the air flow rate and makes it possible not to have to change the retrofitted control arrangement in the air delivery device, which can be, for example, a compressor.
  • the retrofitted control arrangement in the air delivery device, which can be, for example, a compressor.
  • a proposed exhaust air system preferably has a vacuum generating device.
  • This vacuum generating device is preferably arranged behind a central filter unit, ie it is no longer subject to wear from the finest cigarette filler particles conveyed with the air flow and can therefore provide additional air delivery capacity. This is particularly useful when the performance of the air delivery device due to its wear by the finest cigarette filler particles goes back. This loss of performance can then be compensated for by using the negative pressure provided by the central exhaust air system in order to relieve the air conveying device.
  • negative pressure is understood to mean that the absolute pressure of the negative pressure is lower than the absolute pressure of the air before it has passed through the conveyed medium.
  • volumetric air delivery device Another possibility for realizing the volume flow control according to the invention is the use of a volumetric air delivery device.
  • Conveying devices of this type for example rotary piston blowers or piston compressors, are distinguished by the fact that the volume flow conveyed depends directly on the speed of the air conveying device. Due to the sufficiently exact correlation between volume and mass or volume flow in the present case, a regulation of the volume flow according to the invention can already be implemented by using a volumetric air conveying device which, for example, by setting and / or regulating a constant speed to the Promotion of a constant volume flow is set or regulated.
  • volumetric air conveying devices in particular volumetric compressors
  • turbomachines which are normally used under the boundary conditions as they exist (low pressure loss in the conveying section)
  • an increase in the react to the pressure difference to be overcome with a decrease in the volume flow conveyed the volume flow remains constant with the use of positive-displacement volumetric air conveying devices and thus in the present case with sufficient accuracy the mass / volume flow.
  • the exemplary control arrangement according to the invention has a controlled throttle device 5 and a measuring device 4 for measuring the volume flow of the air conveyor 3, which is integrated in the example shown in the cigarette manufacturing machine 8, to the inlet 6 of an exhaust air system.
  • the exhaust air system 7 shown by way of example has a vacuum generating device 11 and a filter device 10 and has a plurality of inputs 6, so that a plurality of cigarette making machines 8 with control arrangements according to the invention can be connected to a common exhaust air system 7.
  • the cigarette filler 9 is fed to the conveying medium 2 by a feed device 1.
  • the conveying medium 2 is oriented such that the cigarette filler on the underside of the conveying medium 2 is pressed against the surface of the conveying medium 2 due to the air flow passing through the conveying medium.
  • the air volume flow passing through the conveying medium 2 is then conveyed out of the cigarette manufacturing machine 8 by the air delivery device 3, the air volume flow of this air conveyed out of the cigarette manufacturing machine 8 being regulated in the example shown by the control arrangement according to the invention.
  • the air flow After passing the throttle device 5 of the exemplary control arrangement, the air flow reaches the inlet 6 of the exhaust air system 7, the inlet 6 being designed to connect a plurality of train-making machines 8 to the exhaust air system 7 if required.
  • the exhaust air system 7 has a filter device 10, which filters out the finest cigarette filler particles from the exhaust air of the cigarette manufacturing machines, and a vacuum generating device 11, which is suitable for generating a vacuum which can be used to relieve the air conveying device 3 of the cigarette manufacturing machine 8.
  • FIG. 2 An alternative embodiment is shown in which a volumetric air delivery device 3 is used to implement the control according to the invention.
  • the regulation takes place here using the delivery characteristic of the volumetric air conveyor 3, in which the speed of the drive 12 is kept constant.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Regelungsanordnung für eine Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur Regelung des Transports des Zigarettenfüllstoffs in einer Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 7.The invention relates to a control arrangement for a cigarette manufacturing machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for controlling the transport of the cigarette filler in a cigarette manufacturing machine according to the preamble of claim 7.

Bei Zigarettenherstellungsmaschinen der in Rede stehenden Art wird der Zigarettenfüllstoff, bei dem es sich meistens um Tabak oder ein Tabakerzeugnis handelt, von einem Fördermedium, welches in der Regel als umlaufendes Band ausgeführt ist, transportiert. Dabei wird der Zigarettenfüllstoff zu einem Strang geformt, aus dem im weiteren Prozess die Zigaretten hergestellt werden.In cigarette manufacturing machines of the type in question, the cigarette filler, which is mostly tobacco or a tobacco product, is transported by a conveying medium, which is usually designed as a circulating belt. The cigarette filler is formed into a strand from which the cigarettes are made in the further process.

Das Fördermedium ist dabei luftdurchlässig ausgeführt, so dass ein Luftstrom durch das Fördermedium durchtreten kann. Dies ermöglicht es, den Zigarettenfüllstoff in einem Luftstrom dem Fördermedium zuzuführen, wobei der Zigarettenfüllstoff durch den durch das Fördermedium durchtretenden Luftstrom an das Fördermedium angedrückt wird. Dabei ergibt sich ein Zusammenhang aus den Eigenschaften des Strangs aus Zigarettenfüllstoff, der an dem Fördermedium gebildet wird und den herrschenden Strömungsverhältnissen, insbesondere der Durchtrittsgeschwindigkeit der Luft durch das Fördermedium.The pumped medium is air-permeable so that an air flow can pass through the pumped medium. This makes it possible to supply the cigarette filler to the delivery medium in an air flow, the cigarette filler being pressed against the delivery medium by the air flow passing through the delivery medium. In this case, there is a connection between the properties of the cigarette filler cord that is formed on the conveying medium and the prevailing flow conditions, in particular the rate of air passage through the conveying medium.

Von den Strömungsverhältnissen, die sich unmittelbar vor dem Eintritt der Luft in das Fördermedium einstellen, hängt insbesondere die Anpresskraft des Zigarettenfüllstoffs an das Fördermedium ab. Die Anpresskraft ergibt sich dabei aus dem spezifischen Widerstandsbeiwert (CW-Wert) des Zigarettenfüllstoffs und dessen Umströmung. Von der Anpresskraft wiederum abhängig ist die Verdichtung des Zigarettenfüllstoffs und die sich daraus ergebende Füllstoffmenge pro Zigarette, und deren Homogenität.The contact pressure of the cigarette filler depends in particular on the flow conditions which occur immediately before the air enters the conveying medium to the pumped medium. The contact pressure results from the specific drag coefficient (CW value) of the cigarette filler and its flow. The compression of the cigarette filler and the resulting amount of filler per cigarette and their homogeneity depend on the contact pressure.

Aufgrund der hohen Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeiten und Qualitätsanforderungen an Zigaretten ist es daher wichtig, den Luftstrom und damit den Tabaktransport bei möglichst unveränderten Prozessparametern durchzuführen. Problematisch hierbei ist jedoch, dass zum Einen das Fördermedium in der Regel einem Verschleiß, der innerhalb weniger Betriebsstunden eintritt, unterliegt, wobei sich dessen Strömungswiderstand gegenüber dem durchtretenden Luftstrom aufgrund feinster Tabakpartikel, die sich in dem Fördermedium einlagern, ändert. Des Weiteren enthält der Tabak feinste aber abrasive Stoffe, die mit dem Luftstrom durch das Fördermedium durchtreten und für einen Verschleiß des Verdichters verantwortlich sind, der ebenfalls nach wenigen Monaten verschlissen ist und im Laufe dieser Verschleißentwicklung an Wirkungsgrad einbüßt.Due to the high processing speeds and quality requirements for cigarettes, it is therefore important to carry out the air flow and thus tobacco transport with the process parameters unchanged as far as possible. The problem here, however, is that, on the one hand, the pumped medium is generally subject to wear that occurs within a few hours of operation, the flow resistance of which to the air flow passing through changes due to the finest tobacco particles that are stored in the pumped medium. Furthermore, the tobacco contains the finest but abrasive substances that pass through the medium with the air flow and are responsible for wear on the compressor, which is also worn out after a few months and loses efficiency in the course of this wear development.

Der Druckverlust beim Durchtritt der Luft durch das Fördermedium beträgt in der Regel Werte zwischen ca. 80 und 140 mbar. Zur Förderung der Luft kommen daher Verdichter zum Einsatz, bei denen es sich um Strömungsmaschinen handelt. Diese Art Verdichter zeichnet sich durch einen von der zu überwindenden Druckdifferenz abhängigen Volumenstrom aus. Dementsprechend empfindlich reagiert das gesamte System auf Schwankungen des Druckverlusts beim Durchtritt der Luft durch das Fördermedium.The pressure loss when air passes through the medium is usually between 80 and 140 mbar. Compressors, which are flow machines, are therefore used to convey the air. This type of compressor is characterized by a volume flow dependent on the pressure difference to be overcome. The entire system is accordingly sensitive to fluctuations in pressure loss when air passes through the medium.

Aus dem Stand der Technik wie in EP-A-1 197 155 beschrieben, ist bekannt, eine manuell betätigte Drosselklappe vorzusehen, mit der es möglich ist, diesen Druckverlust nachzuregeln. Es ist auch bekannt, eine Druckmessung der Luft nach Durchtritt durch das Saugband durchzuführen und diesen gemessenen Druck durch das Vorsehen einer Regelung, welche beispielsweise auf eine steuerbare Drosseleinrichtung oder den Antrieb des Verdichters wirkt, konstant zu halten. Derartige Regelungen können jedoch nicht verhindern, dass aufgrund von Veränderungen der Durchströmungseigenschaften des Fördermediums Schwankungen der geförderten Luftmenge und damit der Strömungsverhältnisse am Saugband und der Eigenschaften des geförderten Zigarettenfüllstoffstrangs auftreten.From the prior art as in EP-A-1 197 155 described, it is known to provide a manually operated throttle valve, with which it is possible to readjust this pressure loss. It is also known to carry out a pressure measurement of the air after passing through the suction belt and to keep this measured pressure constant by providing a regulation which, for example, acts on a controllable throttle device or the drive of the compressor. However, such regulations cannot prevent fluctuations in the amount of air conveyed and thus in the flow conditions on the suction belt and in the properties of the conveyed cigarette filler strand due to changes in the flow properties of the conveying medium.

Weiterhin ist aus der DE 1296063 eine Strangzigarettenmaschine bekannt, bei der, um kurzfristige Schwankungen der Dichte des am Fördermedium transportierten Zigarettenfüllstoffs zu korrigieren, dieser, wenn er sich bereits auf dem Fördermedium befindet, einem zweiten, den Zigarettenfüllstoff und das Fördermedium durchströmenden Luftstrom ausgesetzt wird. Dabei wird der Druckverlust auf einem Abschnitt des Zigarettenfüllstoffstroms, der kürzer ist als eine Zigarettenlänge, gemessen und damit der zweite Luftstrom, der ebenfalls auf einem Abschnitt des Zigarettenfüllstoffstroms, der kürzer ist als eine Zigarettenlänge, auf den Zigarettenfüllstoff einwirkt und so die Verdichtung des Zigarettenfüllstoffs in dem Moment, in dem dieser eine Überschussabnahmevorrichtung erreicht, regelt, so dass aufgrund der Überschussabnahme ein gleichmäßiger Zigarettenfüllstoffstrom erreicht wird. Dies Verfahren ist zwar zum Ausgleich von Zigarettenfüllstoffdichteschwankungen geeignet, löst jedoch nicht das Problem der Veränderungen der Durchströmungseigenschaften des Fördermediums im Betrieb, es kann sie sogar verschärfen, da Änderungen der Eigenschaften des Fördermediums wie Änderungen der Eigenschaften des Zigarettenfüllstoffs auf die Messgröße der Regelung wirken und so zu einer nachteiligen ungewollten Beeinflussung des Zigarettenfüllstoffstroms führen.Furthermore, from the DE 1296063 a continuous cigarette machine is known in which, in order to correct short-term fluctuations in the density of the cigarette filler transported on the conveying medium, it is exposed, if it is already on the conveying medium, to a second air stream flowing through the cigarette filler and the conveying medium. The pressure loss is measured on a section of the cigarette filler flow that is shorter than a cigarette length, and thus the second air flow, which also acts on the cigarette filler on a section of the cigarette filler flow that is shorter than a cigarette length, and thus the compression of the cigarette filler in the moment that this is a surplus withdrawal device reached, regulates so that a steady flow of cigarette filler is achieved due to the decrease in excess. Although this method is suitable for compensating for fluctuations in the density of the cigarette filler, it does not solve the problem of changes in the flow properties of the conveying medium during operation, it can even aggravate it, since changes in the properties of the conveying medium such as changes in the properties of the cigarette filler act on the measured variable of the control and so on lead to an adverse unwanted influence on the cigarette filler flow.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Regelungsanordnung und ein Verfahren zur Regelung des Zigarettenfüllstofftransports anzugeben, welche die Produktion eines Zigarettenfüllstoffstrangs mit kontinuierlich gleichbleibender Qualität ermöglichen.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a control arrangement and a method for controlling the cigarette filler transport, which enable the production of a cigarette filler strand with a continuously constant quality.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch eine Regelungsanordnung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7. Die Merkmale der Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen.The object is achieved by a control arrangement with the features of claim 1 and by a method with the features of claim 7. The features of the subclaims relate to advantageous embodiments.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass die Regelungsanordnung eine Mengenstromregelung für den durch das Fördermedium durchtretenden Luftstrom, der den Zigarettenfüllstoff zum Fördermedium transportiert, aufweist. Dadurch, dass der Mengenstrom geregelt wird, bleibt die pro Zeiteinheit das Fördermedium durchtretende Luftmenge und damit die Ansauggeschwindigkeit konstant, unabhängig davon, welcher absolute Druck an irgendeiner Stelle des pneumatischen Systems der Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine herrscht. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, dass, wenn sich im Laufe des Betriebs der Luftdurchtrittswiderstand des Fördermediums ändert, insbesondere dann, wenn sich beispielsweise Poren des luftdurchlässigen Fördermediums mit feinsten Tabakpartikeln zusetzen und damit verschlossen werden, dies keinen Einfluss auf die von der Regelungsanordnung konstant gehaltene, durch das Fördermedium durchtretende Luftmenge pro Zeiteinheit hat, d.h. die Regelung ist unabhängig von der Änderung des Druckverlustes der durch das Fördermedium durchtretenden Luft beim Durchtritt durch das Fördermedium.According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the control arrangement has a volume flow control for the air flow passing through the conveying medium and which transports the cigarette filler to the conveying medium. Because the volume flow is regulated, the amount of air passing through the medium and the suction speed remain constant regardless of the absolute pressure anywhere in the pneumatic system of the cigarette making machine. This ensures that if the air flow resistance of the pumped medium changes during operation, especially if, for example, pores of the air-permeable pumped medium clog with the finest tobacco particles and are thus sealed, this does not affect the control system, which is kept constant by the Air volume passing through the medium per unit of time, ie the control is independent of the change in pressure loss of the air passing through the medium when passing through the medium.

Diese Regelung kann auf unterschiedliche Weise realisiert werden. Beispielsweise kann die Regelungsanordnung eine Messeinrichtung zur Messung des Massen- und/oder Volumenstroms aufweisen. Sowohl der Massenals auch der Volumenstrom eignen sich prinzipiell als geeignete Größe zur Messung bzw. Regelung des Mengenstroms, der durch das Fördermedium durchtretenden Luft. Dabei bietet der Massenstrom den Vorteil, direkt proportional zu dem Mengenstrom, d.h. der Menge der pro Zeiteinheit geförderten Luftmoleküle, und damit von Druck- und Temperatureinflüssen unabhängig zu sein. Der Volumenstrom eignet sich im vorliegenden Fall jedoch auch als Mess- und/oder Regelgröße, da die Schwankungen, denen Druck und Temperatur im Fall des vorliegenden Prozesses im Bereich der Messstelle unterliegen, derart gering sind, dass die Dichteänderung der Luft und damit der Druck- und Temperatureinfluss auf die Abhängigkeit des Volumenstroms vom Mengenstrom vernachlässigt werden kann.This regulation can be implemented in different ways. For example, the control arrangement can have a measuring device for measuring the mass and / or volume flow. Both the mass and the volume flow are in principle suitable as a suitable variable for measuring or regulating the volume flow of the air passing through the medium. The mass flow offers the advantage of being directly proportional to the mass flow, ie the quantity of air molecules conveyed per unit of time, and thus independent of pressure and temperature influences. In the present case, however, the volume flow is also suitable as a measurement and / or control variable, since the fluctuations to which pressure and temperature are subject in the area of the measuring point in the present process are so small that the change in density of the air and thus the pressure and temperature influence on the dependence of the volume flow on the volume flow can be neglected.

Dabei kann die Messung des Massen- und/oder Volumenstroms vorzugsweise durch eine Differenzdruckmessung, welche auf der Berechnung des Massen-/Volumenstroms als Funktion einer Druckdifferenz beruht, erfolgen. Dabei kann die Differenzdruckmessung beispielsweise an einer Messblende oder einem anderen ähnlichen im Luftstrom befindlichen Bauteil oder an einer durch geeignete Einbauten herbeigeführten Verjüngung der den Luftstrom führenden Leitung erfolgen. Diese Art der Messung hat den Vorteil hoher Zuverlässigkeit, insbesondere in dem vorliegenden, in der Regel mit abrasiven Partikeln beladenen, Luftstrom. Alternativ kann die Messung jedoch auch über andere Verfahren, insbesondere unter Ausnutzung der Messung des Wärmeabflusses eines elektrisch beheizten Drahtes oder der Messung des Druckaufbaus vor einem Flügelrad oder einem Klappenblatt oder ähnlichen Einbauten erfolgen.The mass and / or volume flow can preferably be measured by a differential pressure measurement, which is based on the calculation of the mass / volume flow as a function of a pressure difference. The differential pressure measurement can be carried out, for example, on a measuring orifice or another similar component located in the air flow or on a tapering of the line guiding the air flow, which is brought about by suitable internals. This type of measurement has the advantage of high reliability, especially in the present air flow, which is usually loaded with abrasive particles. Alternatively, however, the measurement can also be carried out using other methods, in particular using the measurement of the heat flow of an electrically heated wire or the measurement of the pressure build-up in front of an impeller or a damper blade or similar internals.

Vorzugsweise ist die Luftfördereinrichtung, welche die durch das Fördermedium durchtretende Luft fördert, mit dem Eingang einer Abluftanlage verbunden. Unter Abluftanlage sind zunächst alle Arten Prozessluft abführende Anlagen gemeint, dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um eine simple Hallenentlüftung handeln, es kann aber auch eine komplexe Prozessluftaufbereitungsanlage, welche beispielsweise Filtereinrichtungen aufweisen kann, vorgesehen sein. Eine derartige Abluftanlage kann beispielsweise dazu dienen, feinste Partikel des Zigarettenfüllstoffs, die mit dem das Fördermedium durchtretenden Luftstrom durch das Fördermedium transportiert werden, aus dem Prozessluftstrom zu entfernen.The air delivery device, which delivers the air passing through the delivery medium, is preferably connected to the inlet of an exhaust air system. An exhaust air system initially means all types of process air discharge systems, for example it can be a simple hall ventilation, but it can also be a complex process air treatment system, which can have filter devices, for example. Such an exhaust air system can serve, for example, to remove the finest particles of the cigarette filler, which are transported through the conveying medium with the air stream passing through the conveying medium, from the process air stream.

Da bei einer entsprechend geschlossenen Ausführung des pneumatischen Systems der Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine der Luftstrom, welcher den Zigarettenfüllstoff zunächst zum Fördermedium transportiert, dann durch dieses hindurchtritt und von der Fördereinrichtung, welche noch in der Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine angeordnet sein kann, zu deren Abluftausgang bzw. gegebenenfalls zu einer Abluftanlage transportiert wird, im stationären Betrieb an jeder Stelle der Luftstromführung, zumindest solange diese noch keine Abzweigungen aufweist, konstant ist, ist es prinzipiell möglich, die Regelungsanordnung, insbesondere deren Messeinrichtung an jeder Stelle dieser Luftstromführung vorzusehen. Vorzugsweise wird die Regelungsanordnung, insbesondere deren Messeinrichtung, dabei im Bereich eines von der Luftfördereinrichtung zur Abluftanlage geförderten Luftstroms angeordnet. Dies ist insbesondere von Vorteil, wenn die Luftfördereinrichtung innerhalb der Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine vorgesehen ist. Dass Regelungsanordnung und Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine räumlich voneinander getrennt sind, vereinfacht ein Auf- bzw. Nachrüsten sowie Wartungs-, Ein- und Umbauarbeiten erheblich. Eine derartige Kontinuität des Luftmengenstromes ist in jedem Fall für den Luftmengenstrom, der tatsächlich durch das Fördermedium durchtritt, in Förderrichtung bis zur ersten Verzweigung gegeben, wobei sich etwaige Zuluftströme, die beispielsweise durch Undichtigkeiten des Systems auftreten können, im kontinuierlichen Betrieb insofern nicht störend auswirken, da eine genaue Kenntnis des Luftmengenstroms nicht unbedingt notwendig ist. Wichtig ist lediglich, diesen auf einem für die Zigarettenherstellung optimierten Niveau konstant zu halten. Es ist also nicht notwendig, dass der beispielsweise zwischen Luftfördereinrichtung und Eingang der Abluftanlage konstant geregelte Luftmengenstrom tatsächlich absolut dem durch das Fördermedium durchtretenden Luftmengenstrom quantitativ exakt entspricht, es ist lediglich wichtig, dass der geregelte Mengenstrom und der tatsächlich durch das Fördermedium durchtretende Mengenstrom quantitativ voneinander abhängen.Since, in a suitably closed version of the pneumatic system of the cigarette manufacturing machine, the air flow, which initially transports the cigarette filler to the conveying medium, then passes through it and is transported from the conveying device, which can still be arranged in the cigarette manufacturing machine, to its exhaust air outlet or, if appropriate, to an exhaust air system becomes constant in stationary operation at any point in the air flow guide, at least as long as it has no branches, it is in principle possible to provide the control arrangement, in particular its measuring device, at every point of this air flow guide. The control arrangement, in particular its measuring device, is preferably arranged in the region of an air flow conveyed by the air conveying device to the exhaust air system. This is particularly advantageous if the air delivery device is provided within the cigarette manufacturing machine. The fact that the control arrangement and the cigarette making machine are spatially separated from one another greatly simplifies upgrading and retrofitting as well as maintenance, installation and conversion work. Such a continuity of the air volume flow is in any case given for the air volume flow that actually passes through the conveying medium in the direction of conveyance up to the first branch, whereby any supply air flows that can occur, for example, due to leaks in the system, do not have a disruptive effect in continuous operation, since a precise knowledge of the air flow is not absolutely necessary. It is only important to keep it constant at a level that is optimized for the manufacture of cigarettes. So it is not necessary that the air volume flow, for example, which is constantly regulated between the air delivery device and the inlet of the exhaust air system, actually corresponds exactly and quantitatively exactly to the air volume flow passing through the medium, it is only important that the regulated volume flow and the volume flow actually passing through the medium depend quantitatively on each other.

Vorzugsweise weist die Regelungsanordnung eine angesteuerte Drosseleinrichtung, beispielsweise eine Drosselklappe, als Stellglied auf. Eine derartige angesteuerte Drosseleinrichtung hat den Vorteil, dass sie eine kostengünstige und zuverlässige Möglichkeit zur Regelung der Luftdurchtrittsmenge darstellt und es ermöglicht, bei der Luftfördereinrichtung, bei der es sich beispielsweise um einen Verdichter handeln kann, bei einer nachgerüsteten Regelungsanordnung nicht verändert werden muss. Alternativ ist es jedoch natürlich auch möglich, beispielsweise eine Drehzahlregelung an einem Verdichter als Stellglied der Regelungsanordnung zu verwenden.The control arrangement preferably has a controlled throttle device, for example a throttle valve, as an actuator. Such a controlled throttle device has the advantage that it represents a cost-effective and reliable possibility for regulating the air flow rate and makes it possible not to have to change the retrofitted control arrangement in the air delivery device, which can be, for example, a compressor. Alternatively, however, it is of course also possible, for example, to use speed control on a compressor as an actuator of the control arrangement.

Vorzugsweise weist eine vorgesehene Abluftanlage dabei eine Unterdruckerzeugungseinrichtung auf. Diese Unterdruckerzeugungseinrichtung ist dabei vorzugsweise hinter einer zentralen Filtereinheit angeordnet, d.h. sie unterliegt nicht mehr dem Verschleiß durch mit dem Luftstrom geförderte feinste Zigarettenfüllstoffpartikel und kann damit zusätzliche Luftförderleistung bereit stellen. Dies ist insbesondere dann sinnvoll, wenn die Leistungsfähigkeit der Luftfördereinrichtung aufgrund von deren Verschleiß durch feinste Zigarettenfüllstoffpartikel zurückgeht. Dieser Leistungsfähigkeitsverlust kann dann dadurch ausgeglichen werden, dass von der zentralen Abluftanlage zur Verfügung gestellter Unterdruck genutzt wird, um die Luftfördereinrichtung zu entlasten. In diesem Zusammenhang ist unter Unterdruck zu verstehen, dass der Absolutdruck des Unterdrucks niedriger ist als der Absolutdruck der Luft vor Durchtritt durch das Fördermedium.A proposed exhaust air system preferably has a vacuum generating device. This vacuum generating device is preferably arranged behind a central filter unit, ie it is no longer subject to wear from the finest cigarette filler particles conveyed with the air flow and can therefore provide additional air delivery capacity. This is particularly useful when the performance of the air delivery device due to its wear by the finest cigarette filler particles goes back. This loss of performance can then be compensated for by using the negative pressure provided by the central exhaust air system in order to relieve the air conveying device. In this context, negative pressure is understood to mean that the absolute pressure of the negative pressure is lower than the absolute pressure of the air before it has passed through the conveyed medium.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Realisierung der erfindungsgemäßen Mengenstromregelung ist der Einsatz einer volumetrischen Luftfördereinrichtung. Derartige Fördereinrichtungen, beispielsweise Drehkolbengebläse oder Kolbenkompressoren, zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass der geförderte Volumenstrom direkt von der Drehzahl der Luftfördereinrichtung abhängt. Durch die im vorliegenden Fall ausreichend exakte Korrelation zwischen Volumen- und Massen- bzw. Mengenstrom kann in Folge eine erfindungsgemäße Regelung des Mengenstroms bereits durch den Einsatz einer volumetrischen Luftfördereinrichtung realisiert werden, die, beispielsweise durch die Einstellung und/oder Regelung einer konstanten Drehzahl auf die Förderung eines konstanten Volumenstroms eingestellt oder geregelt wird.Another possibility for realizing the volume flow control according to the invention is the use of a volumetric air delivery device. Conveying devices of this type, for example rotary piston blowers or piston compressors, are distinguished by the fact that the volume flow conveyed depends directly on the speed of the air conveying device. Due to the sufficiently exact correlation between volume and mass or volume flow in the present case, a regulation of the volume flow according to the invention can already be implemented by using a volumetric air conveying device which, for example, by setting and / or regulating a constant speed to the Promotion of a constant volume flow is set or regulated.

Bei dieser Art der Förderung wird die Eigenschaft volumetrischer Luftfördereinrichtungen, insbesondere volumetrischer Verdichter, ausgenutzt, aufgrund ihrer volumetrischen Arbeitsweise für eine Zwangsförderung des Luftstromes zu sorgen. Während bei Strömungsmaschinen, die normalerweise bei den Randbedingungen, wie sie vorliegend herrschen (niedriger Druckverlust in der Förderstrecke), eingesetzt werden, auf einen Anstieg der zu überwindenden Druckdifferenz mit einem Rückgang des geförderten Volumenstroms reagieren, bleibt bei dem Einsatz zwangsfördernder volumetrischer Luftfördereinrichtungen der Volumenstrom und damit im vorliegenden Fall mit hinreichender Genauigkeit der Massen-/ Mengenstrom, konstant.With this type of conveyance, the property of volumetric air conveying devices, in particular volumetric compressors, is exploited to provide forced conveyance of the air flow due to their volumetric mode of operation. While in turbomachines, which are normally used under the boundary conditions as they exist (low pressure loss in the conveying section), an increase in the react to the pressure difference to be overcome with a decrease in the volume flow conveyed, the volume flow remains constant with the use of positive-displacement volumetric air conveying devices and thus in the present case with sufficient accuracy the mass / volume flow.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 schematisch näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines beispielhaften Zigarettenherstellungsprozesses mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Regelungsanordnung.
  • Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines beispielhaften Zigarettenherstellungsprozesses bei dem die erfindungsgemäße Regelung durch Einsatz eines volumetrischen Verdichters realisiert ist.
The invention is described below with reference to Figures 1 and 2nd schematically explained in more detail.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary cigarette manufacturing process with a control arrangement according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary cigarette manufacturing process in which the control according to the invention is implemented by using a volumetric compressor.

Die beispielhafte erfindungsgemäße Regelungsanordnung weist eine angesteuerte Drosseleinrichtung 5 und eine Messeinrichtung 4 zur Messung des Mengenstroms der von der Luftfördereinrichtung 3, welche im gezeigten Beispiel in die Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine 8 integriert ist, zum Eingang 6 einer Abluftanlage geförderten auf. Die beispielhaft gezeigte Abluftanlage 7 weist dabei eine Unterdruckerzeugungseinrichtung 11 sowie eine Filtereinrichtung 10 auf und verfügt über mehrere Eingänge 6, so dass eine Mehrzahl Zigarettenherstellungsmaschinen 8 mit erfindungsgemäßen Regelungsanordnungen an eine gemeinsame Abluftanlage 7 angeschlossen werden kann. Der Zigarettenfüllstoff 9 wird dabei durch eine Zuführungseinrichtung 1 dem Fördermedium 2 zugeführt. Dabei stellen sich im Bereich der Zuführungseinrichtung 1 abhängig von dem durch das Fördermedium 2 durchtretenden Luftmengenstrom spezifische Ansauggeschwindigkeiten und Strömungsbedingungen ein, die für jeden Zigarettenfüllstoff, insbesondere für jede Tabaksorte, entsprechend optimiert gewählt werden müssen, um optimale Eigenschaften des am Fördermedium 2 gebildeten Tabakstrangs zu erreichen. Das Fördermedium 2 ist im gezeigten Beispiel derart orientiert, dass aufgrund des durch das Fördermedium durchtretenden Luftstroms der Zigarettenfüllstoff an der Unterseite des Fördermediums 2 an die Oberfläche des Fördermediums 2 angedrückt wird.The exemplary control arrangement according to the invention has a controlled throttle device 5 and a measuring device 4 for measuring the volume flow of the air conveyor 3, which is integrated in the example shown in the cigarette manufacturing machine 8, to the inlet 6 of an exhaust air system. The exhaust air system 7 shown by way of example has a vacuum generating device 11 and a filter device 10 and has a plurality of inputs 6, so that a plurality of cigarette making machines 8 with control arrangements according to the invention can be connected to a common exhaust air system 7. The cigarette filler 9 is fed to the conveying medium 2 by a feed device 1. In the area of the feed device 1, specific suction speeds and flow conditions are established depending on the air flow flowing through the conveying medium 2, which have to be selected appropriately for each cigarette filler, in particular for each type of tobacco, in order to achieve optimal properties of the tobacco rod formed on the conveying medium 2 . In the example shown, the conveying medium 2 is oriented such that the cigarette filler on the underside of the conveying medium 2 is pressed against the surface of the conveying medium 2 due to the air flow passing through the conveying medium.

Der durch das Fördermedium 2 durchtretende Luftmengenstrom wird dann durch die Luftfördereinrichtung 3 aus der Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine 8 herausgefördert, wobei im gezeigten Beispiel der Luftmengenstrom dieser aus der Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine 8 herausgeförderten Luft durch die erfindungsgemäße Regelungsanordnung geregelt wird. Nach Passieren der Drosseleinrichtung 5 der beispielhaften Regelungsanordnung erreicht der Luftstrom den Eingang 6 der Abluftanlage 7, wobei der Eingang 6 dafür ausgelegt ist, bei Bedarf eine Mehrzahl Zugarettenherstellungsmaschinen 8 an die Abluftanlage 7 anzuschließen. Die Abluftanlage 7 weist eine Filtereinrichtung 10 auf, welche feinste Zigarettenfüllstoffpartikel aus der Abluft der Zigarettenherstellungsmaschinen herausfiltert, sowie eine Unterdruckerzeugungseinrichtung 11, die geeignet ist, einen Unterdruck zu erzeugen, der zur Entlastung der Luftfördereinrichtung 3 der Zigarettenherstellungsmaschine 8 genutzt werden kann.The air volume flow passing through the conveying medium 2 is then conveyed out of the cigarette manufacturing machine 8 by the air delivery device 3, the air volume flow of this air conveyed out of the cigarette manufacturing machine 8 being regulated in the example shown by the control arrangement according to the invention. After passing the throttle device 5 of the exemplary control arrangement, the air flow reaches the inlet 6 of the exhaust air system 7, the inlet 6 being designed to connect a plurality of train-making machines 8 to the exhaust air system 7 if required. The exhaust air system 7 has a filter device 10, which filters out the finest cigarette filler particles from the exhaust air of the cigarette manufacturing machines, and a vacuum generating device 11, which is suitable for generating a vacuum which can be used to relieve the air conveying device 3 of the cigarette manufacturing machine 8.

In Figur 2 ist eine alternative Ausführungsform dargestellt, bei der eine volumetrische Luftfördereinrichtung 3 genutzt wird, um die erfindungsgemäße Regelung zu realisieren. Die Regelung erfolgt hier unter Ausnutzung der Fördercharakteristik des volumetrischen Luftförderers 3, in dem die Drehzahl dessen Antriebs 12 konstant gehalten wird.In Figure 2 An alternative embodiment is shown in which a volumetric air delivery device 3 is used to implement the control according to the invention. The regulation takes place here using the delivery characteristic of the volumetric air conveyor 3, in which the speed of the drive 12 is kept constant.

Claims (15)

  1. Regulation assembly for a cigarette manufacturing machine (8) wherein the cigarette manufacturing machine (8) has an air-permeable conveying medium (2) for transporting the cigarette filler material (9), more particularly tobacco or a tobacco product, and an air conveying device (3) wherein the conveying medium (2) is impermeable for the major part of the cigarette filler (9) material, characterised in that the regulation assembly comprises a quantity flow regulation for an air flow which is passing through the conveying medium (2) and which transports the cigarette filler (9) to the conveying medium (2).
  2. Regulation assembly according to claim 1 characterised in that the regulation assembly has a measuring device (4) for measuring the mass and/or volume flow.
  3. Regulation assembly according to claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the air conveying device (3) has a connection to an input of an exhaust air system (7).
  4. Regulation assembly according to claim 3 characterised in that the regulation assembly, more particularly its measuring device (4), is arranged in the region of an air stream which is conveyed by the air conveying device (3) to the exhaust air system (7).
  5. Regulation assembly according to claim 3 or 4 characterised in that the exhaust air system (7) has a vacuum production unit (11).
  6. Regulation assembly according to one of the preceding claims characterised that the regulation assembly has a controlled throttling device (5), more particularly a throttle valve, as the final control member.
  7. Regulation assembly according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that the air conveying device is a volumetric air conveying device (3).
  8. Regulation assembly according to claim 7 characterised in that the regulation assembly uses the adjustment of the compressor speed as the final control member.
  9. Method for regulating the transport, more particularly the mass flow, of the cigarette filler (0), more particularly tobacco or a tobacco product, in a cigarette manufacturing machine (8) wherein the cigarette filler (9) is compressed for its conveyance from an air stream to a conveying medium (2), wherein the air stream passes through the conveying medium (2), characterised in that the volume flow of the air passing through the conveying medium (2) and transporting the cigarette filler (9) to the conveying medium (2) is regulated.
  10. Method according to claim 9 characterised in that the mass and/or volume flow of the air passing through the conveying medium (2) is measured and preferably used as the control parameter.
  11. Method according to claim 9 or 10 characterised in that the air conveying device (3) conveys the air which has passed through the conveying medium into an exhaust air system (7).
  12. Method according to claim 11 characterised in that in order to regulate the volume flow of the air passing through the conveying medium (2) the volume flow of the air which is streaming from the air conveying device (3) to the exhaust air system (7) is measured.
  13. Method according to one of claims 11 or 12 characterised in that an underpressure of the air flowing from the air conveying device (3) to the exhaust air system (7) is produced through the exhaust air system (7).
  14. Method according to one of the preceding claims characterised that the air flow passing through the conveying medium (2) is conveyed through a volumetric air conveying device (3).
  15. Method according to claim 14 characterised in that in order to regulate the conveyed air flow a speed of the air conveying device is set which corresponds to the desired volume flow.
EP11009086.7A 2010-12-10 2011-11-16 Regulation assembly for a cigarette manufacturing machine and method for regulating the transport of the cigarette filler Active EP2462819B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102010054098A DE102010054098A1 (en) 2010-12-10 2010-12-10 Control arrangement for a cigarette manufacturing machine and method for regulating the transport of the cigarette filler

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DE102012106180A1 (en) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-16 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Method for controlling a machine combination and / or a machine for processing rod-shaped articles of the tobacco-processing industry and a machine device therefor
DE102013004634A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Riedel Filtertechnik Gmbh Pneumatic conveyor system

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GB990567A (en) * 1960-05-10 1965-04-28 Frederick Pocock Improvements in or relating to tobacco-manipulating machines
FR2517519B1 (en) * 1981-12-09 1985-07-26 Molins Plc METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE QUALITY OF SMOKING PRODUCTS, SUCH AS CIGARETTES, DURING THEIR PRODUCTION
DE19514925A1 (en) * 1995-04-22 1996-10-24 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Method and device for processing exhaust air from the manufacture of articles in the tobacco processing industry
DE10051031A1 (en) * 2000-10-14 2002-04-18 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Method and device for forming a tobacco rod
EP1371298A1 (en) * 2001-03-23 2003-12-17 Japan Tobacco Inc. Shred tobacco feeding apparatus for cigarette wrapping machine
DE102004007841A1 (en) * 2004-02-17 2005-09-08 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Stranding machine, method of operating the same and air conveying system
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CN102524948B (en) 2015-07-08
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DE102010054098A1 (en) 2012-06-14
EP2462819A2 (en) 2012-06-13

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