EP2455957B1 - Gasisolierter Schutzschalter - Google Patents

Gasisolierter Schutzschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2455957B1
EP2455957B1 EP20100192018 EP10192018A EP2455957B1 EP 2455957 B1 EP2455957 B1 EP 2455957B1 EP 20100192018 EP20100192018 EP 20100192018 EP 10192018 A EP10192018 A EP 10192018A EP 2455957 B1 EP2455957 B1 EP 2455957B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating volume
gas
heating
circuit breaker
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20100192018
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2455957A1 (de
Inventor
Nils Basse
Martin Seeger
Erwin Manz
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
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Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to EP20100192018 priority Critical patent/EP2455957B1/de
Priority to CN201110463067.5A priority patent/CN102568921B/zh
Publication of EP2455957A1 publication Critical patent/EP2455957A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2455957B1 publication Critical patent/EP2455957B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas insulated circuit-breaker such as those used in power plants, transformer substations and other installations in the supply of electric energy for connecting and disconnecting operating currents and overcurrents as well as to an arc interruption method according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • the gas flow that is necessary for arc extinction requires a comparatively large difference in gas pressure which is generated by the electric arc itself.
  • the concept of employing the pinch pressure produced during the formation of an electric arc in between two electrical contacts at high currents for extinguishing the electric arc with a strong gas flow resulting of said pinch pressure is known from US6163001A1 or EP1225610B1 for example.
  • the required pressure buildup in the heating volumes is supplied by the pinch pressure of the electric arc. That pinch pressure is produced by a rapid contraction of the same in the region of the switching axis and causes during a very limited amount of time a strong axial gas that flows from the arcing chamber or zone into the pinch pressure chamber and an intense pressure rise in the latter.
  • a strong axial pressure gradient is produced, which pressure is partly diverted into the heating volumes via a return channel.
  • the rated voltage needs to be decreased in order to ensure a proper interruption operation due to the high temperatures of the gas flow extinguishing the arc at such high short circuit currents.
  • the term 'suppressing from mixing' is not to be misunderstood in a way that no gas mixing between heated gas entering the second heating volume, in particular at pinch mode/pinch pressure and the comparatively cold gas stored in the second heating volume prior to the interruption process occurs at all.
  • the term 'suppressing from mixing' should be understood such that the guiding means hinders (i.e. impedes, inhibits or obstructs) the heated gas from mixing with the cold stored gas in the second heating volume substantially such that the cooling effect at the time where the stored cold gas is injected into the first heating volume is achievable.
  • the comparatively small amount of mixed and thus preheated gas at the border of the heated gas and the cold stored gas is insignificant compared to the amount of pressurized cold gas.
  • the term 'cold' referring to the cold stored gas in the second heating volume shall be understood to be of such value that an average gas temperature of the insulating gas within the first heating volume prior to the step of interrupting the electric arc is below 2000 Kelvin for avoiding dielectric problems of the blow gas leaving the first heating volume for interrupting the electric arc.
  • 3 bar relative to a nominal gas pressure is understood as a pressure difference of at least three bars in the interruption zone compared to a nominal gas pressure in the interruption zone prior to arcing and/or after completing initial gas filling at the time of putting the gas-blown circuit breaker into operation.
  • the present invention relies on a cold compression, i.e. a pressurization of stored cold gas by employing the pinch effect in which the energy output of the arc, in particular the pinch pressure, is utilized as effectively as possible for blowing out the arc.
  • the pinch effect may be useful for supporting the interruption process at currents below 50kA it is of major value if electric arcs originating from currents higher than about 150 kA in particular, e.g. maximal currents being higher than about 150kA, are to be interrupted, with the result that a quick interruption of the circuit is ensured even in the case of high switching capacities and without mechanical blowout devices of large dimension which require high power of the switching drive themselves.
  • a pressurization of the cold gas in the second heating volume becomes particularly powerful if the pinch pressure from the arcing zone originates from currents much higher than 150 kA.
  • the second heating volume is at least 20 % as large as the first heating volume, the amount of stored cold gas will cause a significant drop in the gas temperature of the blow gas and thus contribute essentially to an excellent interruption quality. In addition or as an alternative, this holds particularly true for interrupting electric arcs being in the pinch mode resulting of currents higher than about 50kA.
  • the guiding means comprises a first guiding element for guiding heated insulating gas entering the second heating volume from the arcing zone in a first direction, and a second guiding element for guiding insulating gas leaving the first portion with the first guiding element in a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction have opposite direction components, in particular with respect to a longitudinal direction of the circuit breaker.
  • the longitudinal direction extends along a switching axis such that the energy of the pinch-pressure propagating in an axial direction too is allowed to exert its power at best.
  • the gas flow in the second heating volume is redirected from the first guiding element to the second guiding element by at least one deflector means, e.g. a bend or the like.
  • the guiding means subdivides the second heating volume in a plurality of gas channels that are fluidly disconnected from one another for preventing the heated gas from mixing with the cold stored gas excessively.
  • the guiding means may have a labyrinth shape or appearance wherein the guiding means prevent heated gas from flowing straight, i.e. unimpeded from the inlet to second heating volume to the check valve in a radial direction in an example of a cylindrical circuit breaker device. If the guiding means features a divider structure, the divider prevents heated gas from flowing in a circumferential direction with respect to the switching axis and thus from unintended excessive mixing with cold gas.
  • the interrupting performance of the blow gas leaving the first heating volume can be further increased if at least one of the cold gases stored in the second heating volume and the gas entering the second heating volume from the arcing zone is actively cooled.
  • the active cooling may be performed by at least one cooling element, in particular at least one of a cooling fin and a heat exchanger, for actively cooling at least one of the insulating gas stored in the second heating volume prior to the circuit interruption process and the heated insulating gas entering the second heating volume from the arcing zone. This holds particularly true for interrupting electric arcs being in the pinch mode resulting of currents higher than about 50kA at pinch mode.
  • the second heating volume is at least 20% as large as the first heating volume and comprises a guiding means for guiding at least the heated insulating gas entering the second heating volume from the arcing zone such that the heated insulating gas entering the second heating volume from the arcing zone is suppressed from mixing with an amount of insulating gas stored in the second heating volume prior to the circuit interruption process.
  • the second heating volume forms a flow path that has a meander or labyrinth-like appearance.
  • an overall length of the gas flow path formed by the second heating volume may be increased even if there is a comparatively little longitudinal section (space) of the circuit breaker available.
  • the term 'meander' is understood to be a maze-like structure having a complex branching (multicursal) puzzle with choices of path and direction.
  • the paths may start, stop, split into two or more parts, combine into one bigger path, or flow in various directions including the opposite direction of most of the paths.
  • the term 'labyrinth' is understood to be structure that has a single-path (unicursal). Thus the labyrinth has only a single, non-branching path, which leads from an inlet to an outlet.
  • the second heating volume has a gas flow that is too long, it is disadvantageous in terms of a time lag of the arc interruption with current zero.
  • Another constraint is given by the fact that the longer the second heating volume is, the larger the flow resistance typically is.
  • the pressure resistance of the check valve (non-return valve) at the entrance of the first heating volume to the second heating volume may be selected to be lower than the pressure resistance at inlet from pinch pressure chamber to the second heating volume.
  • the check valve ensures that the heated gas does not leave the first heating volume through the second heating volume but through at least one blow channel instead.
  • the second heating volume is at least 20 % as large as the first heating volume, the amount of stored cold gas will cause a significant drop in the gas temperature of the blow gas and thus contribute essentially to an excellent interruption quality.
  • the pressure drop due to the flow resistance of the second heating volume as well as other factors good interrupting results are achievable if the second heating volume is between about 40% and about 300% as large as the first heating volume.
  • the guiding means comprises at least one divider structure for subdividing the second heating volume into a plurality of flow channels that are fluidly disconnected from one another.
  • the second heating volume is arranged in a region of the of the circuit breaker that is displaced from the interruption zone, e.g. axially displaced with respect to a switching axis, to a region of the circuit breaker where the electric field strength is comparatively low or small.
  • the arcing zone is fluidly connected with second heating volume by means of at least one inlet, which inlet is arranged in between the arcing zone and an overpressure valve with respect to a longitudinal direction, e.g. along a switching axis.
  • the at least one inlet is arranged either displaced from the overpressure valve, for example in an about centrically position between the overpressure valve and the arcing zone, or proximate to the overpressure valve such that the overpressure valve assists feeding heated insulating gas coming from the arcing zone into the at least one inlet.
  • the electric arc may be interrupted by a circuit breaker comprising two second heating volumes that are arranged along a switching axis on either side of the interruption zone, i.e. such that the first heating volume is located in between them.
  • the second heating volume may comprise polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) or an equivalent material that may be evaporated by the heated gas entering the second heating volume from the arcing zone.
  • PTFE polytetrafluorethylene
  • the PTFE may be provided in the second heating volume in form of a surface coatings made of PTFE or a coating comprising PTFE, for example.
  • the circuit breaker has a housing which is essentially rotational symmetric about a switching axis 4 and has a first metallic housing part and a second metallic housing part which are connected by a cylindrical middle housing part made from an insulating material. These housing parts are connected in each case to the opposite terminals of the circuit-breaker.
  • a consumable switchgear arrangement 1 such as shown in figure 1 .
  • a nominal current path comprising stationary and movable nominal current contact members as well as an exhaust volume, partition elements, a switching drive and a puffer volume/system. All these items are not shown since they do not belong to the core of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 for that purpose reference is made to Figure 1 and the description relating thereto in US6163001A , for example.
  • the consumable switchgear arrangement 1 comprises a second contact member 2 that is designed as a second tulip contact 2 with a plurality of elastic contact fingers which follow one another in the circumferential direction, are directed obliquely downward and toward the switching axis 4, and are separated by slots.
  • a second nozzle 3 Arranged opposite the second tulip contact 2 there is a second nozzle 3 that surrounds the switching axis 4 and is made from electrically insulating material.
  • the second nozzle 3 has the shape of a funnel flaring towards the left.
  • a slideway (not illustrated) is provided on the left hand side of the second nozzle 3 and houses a movable contact pin 5.
  • Said contact pin 5 can be moved axially along the switching axis 4 by means of the switching drive and projects through the second tulip contact 2 into a first contact member 6 that is likewise formed as a tulip contact in the closed position of the circuit breaker such that the contact members 2, 6 touch the shell surface of the pin 5 with their contact fingers.
  • said contact fingers are deformed elastically, with the result that they exert a comparatively high contact pressure on the contact pin 5 for ensuring a proper electric contact.
  • the second nozzle 3 is fastened in a central opening in a partition wall of the housing.
  • the first contact member 6 is built up similar to the second contact member 2 and is thus attached and neighbored by a first nozzle 7. Also the first nozzle 7 surrounds the switching axis 4 and is also made from electrically insulating material. The first nozzle 7 has the shape of a funnel flaring towards the right and abuts an overpressure valve 8. Different to the closed position of the overpressure valve 8 in the upper half of Figure 1 the lower half shows the overpressure valve 8 in its open position.
  • the contact pin 14 In the open position of the circuit, the contact pin 14 is drawn to the left, with the result that its tip is situated at the left of the second contact member 2.
  • An arcing zone 9 extends between the contact fingers of the second contact member 2 and the first contact member 6 in an arcing chamber such that an electric arc 10 is producible in the arcing zone 9 upon interrupting a current.
  • the arcing zone 9 is surrounded by an annular first heating volume 13 which is connected to the arcing zone via a gap which separates the tulip contact 2 and the tulip contact and forms a circumferential blow channel 14.
  • the first heating volume 13 is sealed on the outside by a circumferential wall 15 made from insulating material.
  • puffer volumes distributed over the circumference of the consumable switchgear arrangement at the second nozzle 3.
  • these puffer volumes have a piston each that can be actuated by the switching drive and are connected each to the first heating volume 13 via blowout channels 16.
  • First non-return valves 17 are installed in each case in the openings of the blowout channels 16 leading into the first heating volume 13.
  • the arcing zone 9 When seen in the direction of the switching axis, the arcing zone 9 is arranged next to a pressure chamber 18 that is structurally separated from the arcing zone 9 by the ends of the contact fingers of the tulip contact from the first contact member 6 pointing to the left.
  • the pressure chamber 18 is radially delimited by the tulip contact 6 and a first adjoining annular cover 19 of the first nozzle 7 such that it has the shape of a funnel flaring towards the right.
  • the pressure chamber 18 At its right hand side the pressure chamber 18 is delimited by a first adjoining annular cap 20 of the nozzle 7 with the integrated overpressure valve 8 comprising a spring mechanism.
  • the overpressure valve opens 8 such that the pressure chamber 18 is hydraulically connected with an exhaust volume allowing the gas to leave the pressure chamber 18 to avoid mechanical damages of the circuit breaker.
  • the overpressure valve 8 may be arranged at a place other than concentrically to the switching axis 4.
  • the cover 19 and the cap 20 both feature several axial cavities 21 and 22 respectively wherein the cavities 21 of the cover 19 are radially displaced to corresponding cavities 22 of the cap 20 such that in each case a wall portion 23 (24) that delimits two neighboring cavities 21 of the cover 19 forms a protrusion 23 that is pointing towards the bottom of a corresponding cavity 22 in the cap 20 remains and vice versa.
  • the surfaces of the cover 19 and the cap 20 are facing one another gear or teeth into one another.
  • the space created between the cap 20 and the cover 19 forms a second heating volume 25 having a labyrinth-style shape with a circumferential gas inlet 31 at the end of the second heating volume 25 proximal to the pressure chamber 18.
  • the wall portion 23, 24 as well as the gas-touched surfaces of cavities 21, 22 act as guiding means for at least the gas entering the second heating volume from the arcing zone, and to some extent also as guiding means for the cold gas in the second heating volume 25.
  • the interior surface or bottom surface of cavity 21 acts as a first guiding element 21 for guiding heated insulating gas entering the second heating volume 25 from the arcing zone in a first direction 40 towards the a bottom surface of cavity 22 acting as a second guiding element 22.
  • the second guiding element 22 directs the gas flow in a second direction 41 having an opposite direction component compared to the first direction 40.
  • Both the second heating volume 25 and the gas inlet 31 are rotation symmetric with respect to the switching axis 4.
  • the cavities 21, 22 are running fully about the switching axis 4 in the circumferential direction.
  • several gas inlets may be provided instead, where required.
  • a second non-return valve 26, also referred to as check-valve 26 is installed in the opening of a distal end of the second heating volume 25 such that it fluidly connects the second heating volume 25 with the first heating volume 13 if a threshold value is met.
  • the pre-definable threshold value is met if a gas pressure within the second heating volume 25 exceeds the gas pressure in the first heating volume 13.
  • the first embodiment comprises two second heating volumes 25 that are arranged along a switching axis such that the first heating volume 13 is located in between them.
  • the second heating volume 25 is arranged in a region 35 of the circuit breaker that is axially displaced from the interruption zone 9.
  • the entire housing of the consumable switchgear arrangement 1 and its proximity is filled with a suitable insulating gas such as SF6, for example.
  • the present consumable switchgear arrangement 1 has an improved interrupting efficiency since it comprises two second heating volumes 25 that contribute essentially to the interruption quality, in particular at currents higher than 150kA.
  • the general set-up of the second heating volume in the second nozzle 3 is the same as in the first nozzle 7. Thus they are given identical or similar reference characters.
  • blowout channels 16 of the puffer cylinder are structurally separated from the second heating volume 25 in the second nozzle 3 similar as the exhaust pipes 27 of the first nozzle 7. As shown in figures 1 , 2 and 3 , such a structural separation is achievable by a pipe, for example.
  • the pressure chamber 18 as well as the interior walls or wall sections of the second heating volume 25 as well as of the first heating volume 13, can be lined with a layer or coating made from a suitable material such as Polytetrafluorethylene, for example, if required.
  • a suitable material such as Polytetrafluorethylene, for example.
  • a temperature of the cold gas that is pressurized at the distal end of the second heating volume 25 at the second check valves 26 shall be further decreased further cooling, e.g. by a heat pipe or the like may be required.
  • this is achieved by at least one cooling element 28. Since such cooling elements 28 are optional they are indicated by a dashed line in figure 1 .
  • an undesired gas movement of the cold gas and the heated gas entering the second heating volume from the pressure chamber in the circumferential direction with respect to the switching axis may be prevented or at least limited by providing at least one divider 29 in at least a portion of the labyrinth-shaped second heating volume 25, preferably at its distal end region at the second check valve 26.
  • these dividers 29 are formed by sheet-like walls 29 that may be inserted in corresponding slots (not shown in figure 1 ) during the assembly stage of the annular cap 20 on the annular cover 19.
  • the dividers can be integrated in the cap 20 and/or the cover 19 if required.
  • these sheet-like dividers 29 are oriented radially with respect to the switching axis 4.
  • these dividers 29 divide the cavities 21 in the cover 19 only and extend in the direction of the switching axis 4 (in the first nozzle 7 towards the overpressure valve 4 to the right) merely to a front edge 33.
  • the dividers may extend along the full length of second heating volume, wherein the term length is understood as the flow path of the insulation gas from the pressure chamber 18 gas through the nozzle.
  • dividers 19 are employed they also act as gas guiding means according to the gist of the present application.
  • the electric arc causes full pinch conditions where a pinch pressure caused by the electric arc 10 is very powerful. At these highest currents the electric arc causes substantial backheating in second heating volume 25 causing a substantial cold compression therein. As a result a blow temperature of the gas being ready for interrupting the electric arc is less than a 2000 Kelvin.
  • the blow gas comprises of the gas pressurized in the first heating volume 13 by the arc directly and the pressurized cold gas from the second heating volume 25. At highest currents, the share of the interruption efficiency contributed by the second heating volume 25 is larger than the share of the first heating volume 13.
  • first embodiment of the consumable switchgear arrangement shown in figure 1 comprises two nozzles 3, 7 and two second heating volumes 25
  • an alternative embodiment may be suitable that has only one second heating volume, e.g. a second heating volume such as the one provided in between the first contact member 6 and the first annular cap 20.
  • the second embodiment 1a features only one nozzle 7a arranged on the right hand side of the arcing zone 9.
  • the blow channels 16 are integrated in the second contact member 2.
  • the arcing zone 9 is fluidly connected with the second heating volume 25 by means of the gas inlet 31a.
  • Both the second heating volume 25 and the gas inlet 31a are rotation symmetric with respect to the switching axis 4.
  • the gas inlet 31a is arranged in between the arcing zone 9 and the overpressure valve 8 with respect to the longitudinal direction defined by the switching axis 4, wherein the gas inlet 31a is arranged in a displaced manner from the overpressure valve 8 between the latter and the contact fingers of the second contact member 6.
  • several gas inlets may be provided instead, where required.
  • the overpressure valve 8 delimits the pressure chamber 18 longitudinally at one end the heated gas entering the delimits the pressure chamber 18 from the arcing zone 9 can leave the pressure chamber 18 normally through that gas inlet 31a mainly, except in case of excessive overpressure where the gas is allowed to leave the pressure chamber 18 directly to the exhaust 32.
  • dividers 29 may be required for suppressing or avoiding undesired gas flow of cold and heated gas in the second heating volume 25 such that the gases mix, in particular in a distal region of the second heating volume 25 at the second check-valves 26.
  • An advantage of the second embodiment 1a and in particular its second heating volume 25 compared to the first embodiment 1 resides in that it is easier to produce since its geometrical complexity is lower than the one of the first embodiment 1. On the other hand the overall length of the gas flow path formed by the labyrinth-shaped second heating volume 25 is shorter than in the first embodiment 1.
  • a third embodiment 1b of the inventive circuit breaker is discussed hereinafter with reference to figure 3 and figure 4 .
  • the following explanation is based on a comparison of the third embodiment 1b and the second embodiment 1a of the circuit breaker and its consumable switchgear arrangement.
  • the applicant refers is made to the explanations provided for the first and second embodiment shown in figures 1 and 2 respectively.
  • Such elements are given like reference numerals in figure 3 , too.
  • the focus is put on the differences of the third embodiment 1b to the second embodiment 1a of the circuit breaker.
  • the third embodiment 1b features only one nozzle 7b arranged on the right hand side of the arcing zone 9.
  • the blow channels 16 are integrated in the second contact member 2.
  • the gas inlet 31b is arranged proximate to the overpressure valve 8 such that a 34 of the overpressure valve 8 assists guiding the heated insulating gas coming from the arcing zone 9 into the inlet 31b.
  • the piston 34 of the overpressure valve 8 is shaped accordingly thus contributing to low flow resistance values and a small loss in pressure.
  • both the second heating volume 25 and the gas inlet 31b are rotation symmetric with respect to the switching axis 4.
  • several gas inlets may be provided instead, where required.
  • the height 30a of the second heating channel 25 relative to its cross-section seen in the direction of the switching axis 4 is larger than in the first or second embodiment 1, 1a. Since a larger height is prone to leading to undesired gas movements and thus gas mixture within the second heating volume 25 in a circumferential direction with respect to the switching axis 4, several dividers 29a have been provided. As shown in the cross-sectional along plane IV-IV of figure 3 in the simplified figure 4 , eight dividers 29a are arranged in the third embodiment 1b in an equal circumferencal displacement to one another and with a radial orientation with respect to the switching axis 4.
  • a length of the dividers extends along almost the full length of the second heating volume 25, wherein the term length is understood as the flow path of the insulation gas from the pressure chamber 18 gas through the nozzle 7b.
  • the front edges 33 of the dividers 29a which reach to the area where the piston 34 of the overpressure valve 8 is located become visible in figure 3 .
  • the longitudinal guiding of at least the heated insulating gas entering the second heating volume 25 from the arcing zone 9 is performed by the bend in between the axial portion 36 and the radial portion 37 of the second heating volume 25 by the interior surface of the first nozzle 7b whereas the guiding of the gas in the circumferential direction with respect to the switching axis 4 is performed by the dividers 19.
  • every second divider 29b is designed to have a shorter length than the remaining dividers 29a in an alternating manner.
  • these second dividers 29b divide the second heating volume 25 in sub-sections at a proximal end of the second heating volume 25 at the check-valves 26 but their length does extend just before the bend region where a horizontal portion of the second heating volume 25 joins a radial portion 37 thereof.
  • a representative zone where a front edge 33a of such a second divider 29b may be located is indicated in the lower half only in order to avoid confusion and for improving the understandability of figure 3 .
  • the dividers 29a (29b) and the first annular cover 19 are made from one piece, i.e. are single-bodied.
  • exhaust pipes 27 may be funnel-shaped such as shown in figure 4 or straight such as shown in figure 3 , wherein only the straight version was displayed for simplicity.
  • figure 4 only one exemplary exhaust pipe 27 provided in the lower half is shown whereas further exhaust pipes have been omitted for enhanced readability and clarity of figure 4 .
  • figure 4 shows the shape of the second heating volume 25 at the proximal end of the second heating volume 25 at the check-valves 26.
  • Said shape corresponds to an annular ring a section.
  • the check-valves 26 the same may apply to them likewise.
  • the check-valves 26 have not been displayed in the lower half of figure 4 .
  • the embodiment 1b is even easier to manufacture since the geometry of the nozzle 7b is even more basic than the one of the nozzle 7a shown in figure 2 .
  • Figure 5 illustrates schematically the technical effect of the present invention by a pressure-temperature diagram, wherein the abscissa denotes the gas pressure within the first heating volume and wherein the ordinate represents the temperature of the blow gas within the first heating volume.
  • the 2000 Kelvin-line denotes a borderline above which the dielectric abilities of the insulation gas SF6 typically becomes electrically ineffective.
  • Curve one 38 represents a pressure-build up in the first heating volume 13 resulting of a pre-compression of about 6 bar in the second heating volume.
  • Curve two 39 represents a pressure-build up in the first heating volume 13 resulting of a pre-compression of about 20 bar in the second heating volume.
  • the diagram clearly displays that the amount of the cold-compression forms a substantial factor for the interruption quality, in particular if highest electric arcs resulting of currents above 150kA are to be interrupted where highest blow gas pressures are required.
  • the enhancement of the pre-compression of the cold gas from 6 bar to 20 bar within the second heating volume prior to leading it into the first heating volume allows more than doubling the pressure build-up in the first heating volume without affecting the blow gas temperature excessively. If an even higher pre-compression, i.e. cold compression is achieved within the second heating volume, an even higher pressure build-up within the first heating volume is achievable.

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Claims (15)

  1. Schaltungsunterbrechungsverfahren, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    a) Bereitstellen eines Gasblas-Schaltungsunterbrechers (1, 1a, 1b), der eine Unterbrechungskammer besitzt, die mit einem isolierenden Gas gefüllt ist, wobei die Unterbrechungskammer einen Lichtbogenbereich (9) und mindestens zwei trennbare Lichtbogenbildungskontakte (2, 6) umfasst;
    b) Speichern einer Menge an isolierendem Gas in einem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen (25) der Unterbrechungskammer, wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) fluidtechnisch mit dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) verbunden ist und fluidtechnisch mit einem ersten Erhitzungsvolumen (13) verbindbar ist, wobei das erste Erhitzungsvolumen (13) fluidtechnisch mit dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) verbunden ist;
    c) Trennen der Lichtbogenbildungskontakte (2, 6) voneinander, so dass ein Lichtbogen (10) zwischen den Lichtbogenbildungskontakten (2, 6) erzeugt wird;
    d) Beaufschlagen der Menge an isolierendem Gas in dem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen (25) mit dem erhitzten isolierenden Gas, das von dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eintritt;
    e) Führen mindestens des erhitzten isolierenden Gases, das von dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eintritt, in Richtung des Rückschlagventils (26) mindestens während des Schrittes d), wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eine Größe von mindestens 20 % jener des ersten Erhitzungsvolumens (13) hat;
    f) Einblasen der Menge an isolierendem Gas, das in dem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen (25) gespeichert ist, in das erste Erhitzungsvolumen (13) durch einen Gasdruck, der auf das Gas, das in dem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen (25) gespeichert ist, durch das erhitzte isolierende Gas, das aus dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in das erste Erhitzungsvolumen (13) kommt, ausgeübt wird;
    g) Unterbrechen des Lichtbogens (10) durch Führen des isolierenden Gases von dem ersten Erhitzungsvolumen (13) zurück in den Lichtbogenbereich (9) durch mindestens einen Blaskanal (14),
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    während des Schrittes c) ein Gasdruck, der durch den Lichtbogen (10) in dem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen (25) verursacht wird, höher als ungefähr 3 bar bezüglich eines Nenngasdrucks ist, und
    dadurch, dass in Schritt e) das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen durch Führungsmittel (23, 24, 29, 29a) in mehrere Gaskanäle unterteilt wird, derart, dass das erhitzte isolierende Gas, das von dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eintritt, durch die Gasführungsmittel (23, 24, 29, 29a) des zweiten Erhitzungsvolumens (25) daran gehindert wird, sich mit der gespeicherten Menge an isolierendem Gas in dem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen (25) zu vermischen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eine Größe von mindestens 40 % jener des ersten Erhitzungsvolumens (13) hat und/oder wobei der Lichtbogen (10) in Schritt c in einem Pinch-Modus ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Gasführungsmittel (21, 22, 23, 24, 29, 29a)
    a) ein erstes Führungselement (21) zum Führen des erhitzten isolierenden Gases, das von dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eintritt, in einer ersten Richtung (40) und ein zweites Führungselement (22) zum Führen des isolierenden Gases, das einen ersten Teil mit dem ersten Führungselement (21) verlässt, in einer zweiten Richtung (41) umfassen, wobei die erste Richtung (40) und die zweite Richtung (41) entgegengesetzte Richtungskomponenten haben; und/oder
    b) das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) in mehrere Gaskanäle, die voneinander fluidtechnisch getrennt sind, unterteilen.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, das ferner durch aktives Kühlen von mindestens einem der isolierenden Gase, die in dem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen (25) gespeichert sind, und dem Gas, das von dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eintritt, gekennzeichnet ist.
  5. Schaltungsunterbrecher (1, 1a, 1b), der eine Unterbrechungskammer, die mit einem isolierenden Gas gefüllt ist, und mindestens zwei trennbare Lichtbogenbildungskontakte (2, 6), die einen Lichtbogenbereich (9) definieren, in dem ein Lichtbogen (10) zwischen den mindestens zwei trennbaren Lichtbogenbildungskontakten (2, 6) während eines Schaltungsunterbrechungsprozesses produzierbar ist, umfasst, wobei die Unterbrechungskammer ein erstes Erhitzungsvolumen (13), das fluidtechnisch mit dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) verbunden ist, und ein zweites Erhitzungsvolumen (25), das fluidtechnisch mit dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) verbunden ist, umfasst,
    und wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) mit dem ersten Erhitzungsvolumen (13) durch ein Rückschlagventil (26) verbindbar ist, das sich öffnet, wenn der Gasdruck in dem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen einen vorgegebenen Wert übersteigt, wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eine Größe von mindestens 20 % jener des ersten Erhitzungsvolumens (13) hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) Führungsmittel (23, 24, 29, 29a) umfasst, um mindestens das erhitzte isolierende Gas, das von dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eintritt, in Richtung des Rückschlagventils (26) zu führen, und wobei die Führungsmittel (23, 24, 29, 29a) das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) so in mehrere Gaskanäle unterteilen, dass das erhitzte isolierende Gas, das von dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eintritt, daran gehindert wird, sich mit einer Menge an isolierendem Gas, die in dem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen (25) gespeichert ist, vor dem Schaltungsunterbrechungsprozess zu vermischen.
  6. Schaltungsunterbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, wobei die Führungsmittel (21, 22, 23, 24) ein erstes Führungselement (21) zum Führen des erhitzten isolierenden Gases, das von dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eintritt, in einer ersten Richtung (40) und ein zweites Führungselement (22) zum Führen des isolierenden Gases, das einen ersten Teil mit dem ersten Führungselement (21) verlässt, in einer zweiten Richtung (41), die sich von der ersten Richtung (40) unterscheidet, umfassen,
    wobei die erste Richtung (40) und die zweite Richtung (41) entgegengesetzte Richtungskomponenten haben.
  7. Schaltungsunterbrecher nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) einen Strömungsweg bildet, der ein mäander- oder labyrinthähnliches Erscheinungsbild hat.
  8. Schaltungsunterbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, wobei die Führungsmittel (29, 29a) mindestens eine Trennwandstruktur zum Unterteilen des zweiten Erhitzungsvolumens in mehrere Strömungskanäle, die voneinander fluidtechnisch getrennt sind, umfasst.
  9. Schaltungsunterbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eine Größe von mindestens 40 % jener des erstes Erhitzungsvolumen (13) hat.
  10. Schaltungsunterbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eine Größe im Bereich von ungefähr 40 % bis ungefähr 300 % jener des ersten Erhitzungsvolumens (13) hat.
  11. Schaltungsunterbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) in einem Bereich (35) des Schaltungsunterbrechers angeordnet ist, der zu dem Unterbrechungsbereich (9) versetzt ist.
  12. Schaltungsunterbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 11, wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) Polytetrafluorethylen umfasst.
  13. Schaltungsunterbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, wobei das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) mindestens ein Kühlelement (28) umfasst, insbesondere ein Kühlblech und/oder einen Wärmetauscher, um das isolierende Gas, das in dem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen (25) vor dem Stromkreisunterbrechungsprozess gespeichert ist, und/oder das erhitzte isolierte Gas, das von dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in das zweite Erhitzungsvolumen (25) eintritt, aktiv zu kühlen.
  14. Schaltungsunterbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, wobei der Lichtbogenbereich (9) mittels mindestens eines Einlasses (31, 31a, 31b) fluidtechnisch mit dem zweiten Erhitzungsvolumen (25) verbunden ist, wobei der Einlass (31, 31a, 31b) in Bezug auf eine Längsrichtung zwischen dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) und einem Überdruckventil (8) angeordnet ist, wobei der mindestens eine Einlass (31, 31a, 31b)
    a) zu dem Überdruckventil (8) versetzt angeordnet ist; oder
    b) in der Nähe des Überdruckventils (8) so angeordnet ist, dass das Überdruckventil (8) das Zuführen erhitzten isolierenden Gases, das von dem Lichtbogenbereich (9) in den mindestens einen Einlass (31b) kommt, unterstützt.
  15. Schaltungsunterbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 13, wobei zwei zweite Erhitzungsvolumina (25) entlang einer Schaltachse so angeordnet sind, dass sich das erste Erhitzungsvolumen (13) zwischen ihnen befindet.
EP20100192018 2010-11-22 2010-11-22 Gasisolierter Schutzschalter Not-in-force EP2455957B1 (de)

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CN201110463067.5A CN102568921B (zh) 2010-11-22 2011-11-22 气体绝缘断路器

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US9991064B2 (en) 2016-08-10 2018-06-05 Abb Schweiz Ag SF6 insulated circuit breaker system with thermal capacitor
US10283253B2 (en) 2015-08-29 2019-05-07 Abb Schweiz Ag Transformer system and transformer termination support

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CN103000444B (zh) * 2012-11-22 2015-03-25 北京航空航天大学 一种自能式sf6断路器双喷口式灭弧室及其灭弧方法
WO2014122084A1 (en) * 2013-02-07 2014-08-14 Abb Technology Ag Contact arrangement and electrical switching device with such contact arrangement
US9343252B2 (en) 2014-08-27 2016-05-17 Eaton Corporation Arc extinguishing contact assembly for a circuit breaker assembly
US9305726B2 (en) 2014-08-27 2016-04-05 Eaton Corporation Arc extinguishing contact assembly for a circuit breaker assembly
US10431963B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2019-10-01 Abb Schweiz Ag Exhaust system for switchgear enclosure, and switchgear enclosure having the same
AT521494B1 (de) * 2018-07-20 2020-02-15 Anton Paar Gmbh Kappe zum Verschließen eines Probengefäßes zur Mikrowellenbehandlung
CN111725024B (zh) * 2020-06-29 2022-10-18 西安西电开关电气有限公司 一种高压断路器及其灭弧室

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DE3440212A1 (de) * 1984-10-10 1986-04-17 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau Druckgasschalter
DE19816505A1 (de) 1998-04-14 1999-10-21 Asea Brown Boveri Leistungsschalter
DE19816507A1 (de) * 1998-04-14 1999-10-21 Asea Brown Boveri Abbrandschaltanordnung
EP1225610B1 (de) 2001-01-23 2009-04-29 ABB Schweiz AG Abbrandschaltanordnung für einen Leistungsschalter
JP4855825B2 (ja) * 2006-04-27 2012-01-18 株式会社東芝 パッファ形ガス遮断器
FR2922043B1 (fr) * 2007-10-03 2009-12-11 Areva T & D Sa Chambre de coupure de disjoncteur a double volume de compression

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10283253B2 (en) 2015-08-29 2019-05-07 Abb Schweiz Ag Transformer system and transformer termination support
US9991064B2 (en) 2016-08-10 2018-06-05 Abb Schweiz Ag SF6 insulated circuit breaker system with thermal capacitor

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