EP3433869B1 - Elektrische schutzschaltervorrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrische schutzschaltervorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3433869B1
EP3433869B1 EP17710316.5A EP17710316A EP3433869B1 EP 3433869 B1 EP3433869 B1 EP 3433869B1 EP 17710316 A EP17710316 A EP 17710316A EP 3433869 B1 EP3433869 B1 EP 3433869B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust tube
arcing
openings
volume
exhaust
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EP17710316.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3433869A1 (de
Inventor
Javier MANTILLA FLOREZ
Mahesh DHOTRE
Francesco Pisu
Stephan Grob
Xiangyang Ye
Oliver Cossalter
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Hitachi Energy Ltd
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ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG
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Publication of EP3433869A1 publication Critical patent/EP3433869A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/20—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H01H33/703—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle having special gas flow directing elements, e.g. grooves, extensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H2033/888—Deflection of hot gasses and arcing products

Definitions

  • the invention resides in the field of medium and high voltage switching devices, particularly circuit breakers, and relates to an electrical switching device according to the independent claims.
  • Electrical switching devices are well known in the field of medium and high voltage switching applications. They are e.g. used for interrupting a nominal current as well as currents originating from an electrical fault occurs.
  • medium voltage refers to voltages from 1 kV to 72.5 kV
  • high voltage refers to voltages higher than 72.5 kV.
  • the electrical switching devices may have to be able to carry high nominal currents of 3150 A to 6300 A and to switch very high short circuit currents of 31.5 kA to 80 kA at very high voltages of 72.5 kV to 1200 kV.
  • the current commutates from the nominal contacts of the electrical switching device to its arcing contacts.
  • They normally comprise as one arcing contact arcing contact fingers arranged around the longitudinal axis of the electrical switching device in a so-called arcing finger cage or tulip and, as a mating arcing contact, a rod which is driven into the finger cage.
  • arcing finger cage or tulip arcing finger cage or tulip
  • two rods as arcing contacts, which are driven towards one another and are connected via their front faces during a closing operation.
  • Tulip contacts are hollow and can connect to an exhaust tube. Pin contacts can also be hollow and may also connect to an exhaust tube.
  • the electrical switching devices In order to interrupt the current, the electrical switching devices contain a dielectrically fluid used as an insulating medium (e.g. SF 6 gas) and for quenching the electric arc. Consequently, a part of the fluid located in the region where the electric arc is generated, called arcing volume, is considerably heated up (to around 20'000-30'000°C) in a very short period of time. This part of the fluid builds up a pressure and is ejected from the arcing volume into so-called exhaust volumes.
  • a dielectrically fluid used as an insulating medium (e.g. SF 6 gas) and for quenching the electric arc. Consequently, a part of the fluid located in the region where the electric arc is generated, called arcing volume, is considerably heated up (to around 20'000-30'000°C) in a very short period of time. This part of the fluid builds up a pressure and is ejected from the arcing volume into so-called exhaust volumes.
  • the axial gas flow acceleration in the nozzle system is another important parameter for cooling down the arc or for evacuating hot gas from the arcing volume as fast as possible.
  • a way of influencing the flow acceleration away from the stagnation point is given by an optimized design of the nozzle system. This involves design of the so-called exhaust tube which serves to evacuate hot gas from the arcing volume into the exhaust volume and, as the case may be, further into a volume delimited by the enclosure of the circuit breaker.
  • the exhaust tube is a tube with openings, arranged following one of the arcing contacts of the circuit breaker in longitudinal direction (axial direction, i.e. in exhaust gas flow direction).
  • the hot gas flows through said arcing contact, then through the exhaust tube and subsequently it escapes into the exhaust volume through said openings of the exhaust tube. It may happen that evacuation of the hot gas from the arc zone is not optimal and results in lower switching performance.
  • US 2008/0006609A1 describes a circuit-breaker comprising a switching chamber which is surrounded by a switching chamber enclosure.
  • the exhaust tube is subjected to erosion, which in turn may cause mechanical instability of the exhaust tube and may lead to particle generation, thereby reducing switching performance of the circuit breaker during normal operation, too.
  • the first arcing contact is a tulip contact or a hollow pin contact, the interior of which extends into the exhaust tube. This is for guiding the exhaust gases from the arcing volume through the first hollow arcing contact to the exhaust tube and therefrom into the exhaust volume.
  • a diameter (i.e. a cross-sectional diameter) of the exhaust tube increases, at least along a section of the exhaust tube, in longitudinal direction away from the arcing volume (in other words in flow direction of the insulating medium or in exhaust gas flow direction).
  • the diameter of the exhaust tube in the way stated above has a beneficial effect on controlled evacuation of the hot gas from the arcing zone in order to improve the switching performance.
  • the diameter of the exhaust tube is chosen to increase such that during a switching operation under operating conditions of the electric switching device a mass flow of the hot dielectric insulating medium to be evacuated through the exhaust tube is maximized.
  • the exhaust tube instead of providing an exhaust tube with an increasing diameter, the exhaust tube comprises a plurality of openings through its wall, which connect the interior of the exhaust tube with the exhaust volume, wherein at least a part of the openings have different sizes.
  • a combination of both measures mentioned above is used.
  • the diameter of the exhaust tube is increased in longitudinal direction away from the arcing volume and the exhaust tube is provided with openings of different sizes along its longitudinal or axial extension.
  • a barrier element is arranged inside the exhaust tube in a region defined by a distal end of the exhaust tube with respect to the arcing volume and by a closest opening with respect to the distal end.
  • a position, in particular a position along a longitudinal direction or axis z of the electric switching device, of the barrier element in said region is adjustable.
  • This embodiment of the invention makes it possible to eliminate "dead" volumes inside the exhaust tube by redirecting the gas towards the openings connecting the exhaust tube with the exhaust volume. In this way losses at the stagnation point are reduced, while heat transfer is increased due to the more effective redirection of the gas towards the openings (particularly the last openings) and consequently into the exhaust volume where the hot gas originating from the arcing volume mixes with cold gas.
  • This again leads to the advantages mentioned in the context of the first aspect of the invention.
  • Particularly by making the position (i.e. longitudinal or axial position) of the barrier element adjustable within said prescribed range it is possible to account for different exhaust tube dimensions and designs of the exhaust tube openings, more specifically for the position of the last opening.
  • a cross-section of each opening is chosen such that during a switching operation a substantially equal amount of mass (i.e. mass of of exhaust gas) is flowing through each opening from the exhaust tube into the exhaust volume.
  • the electrical switching device according to the invention may be used as an earthing device, a fast-acting earthing device, a circuit breaker, a generator circuit breaker, a switch disconnector, a combined disconnector and earthing switch, or a load break switch.
  • the dielectric insulation medium used inside the circuit breaker is SF 6 or comprises an organofluorine compound selected from the group consisting of: fluoroethers, in particular hydrofluoromonoethers, a fluoroamine, a fluorooxirane, fluoroketones, in particular perfluoroketones, fluoroolefins, in particular hydrofluoroolefins, fluoronitriles, in particular perfluoronitriles, and mixtures thereof, in particular in a mixture with a background gas.
  • fluoroethers in particular hydrofluoromonoethers
  • a fluoroamine a fluorooxirane
  • fluoroketones in particular perfluoroketones
  • fluoroolefins in particular hydrofluoroolefins
  • fluoronitriles in particular perfluoronitriles
  • mixtures thereof in particular in a mixture with a background gas.
  • the term "last" in connection with openings is to be understood as farthest away from the arcing volume in longitudinal (axial) direction of the switching device, in the following exemplarily referred to as circuit breaker. Accordingly, the term “first” in connection with openings is to be understood as closest to the arcing volume in longitudinal (axial) direction of the exemplary circuit breaker. In the same way, the term “distal” or “proximal” is understood as relating to the arcing volume.
  • a "closed configuration” as used herein means that the nominal contacts and/or the arcing contacts of the circuit breaker are mutually engaged. Accordingly, an "opened configuration” as used herein means that the nominal contacts and/or the arcing contacts of the circuit breaker are opened, therefore not mutually engaged.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a part of a known embodiment of a circuit breaker 1 in an opened configuration.
  • the device is rotationally symmetric about a longitudinal axis z.
  • Not all elements of the circuit breaker 1 are described herein, as the principle and the variants of such circuit breakers are known to the skilled person in high voltage electrical engineering, e.g. nominal contacts, enclosure, etc., are not shown in the figures for clarity reasons.
  • the circuit breaker 1 comprises an arcing contact arrangement formed by a first arcing contact 3 and a second arcing contact 4.
  • the first arcing contact 3 comprises multiple fingers arranged in a finger cage (tulip configuration). For the sake of clarity only two fingers of the first arcing contact are shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the second arcing contact 4 is rod-shaped in this embodiment.
  • first arcing contact 3 is movable along the z-axis and the second arcing contact 4 is stationary.
  • the invention is not limited to this configuration.
  • Other configurations e.g. double-motion interrupters, are known and are useful for implementing the invention disclosed and claimed herein, in which interrupters also the second arcing contact 4 is movable.
  • An insulating element 2 is arranged partly around the second arcing contact 4. In other words the insulating element 2 encloses the second arcing contact 4 concentrically and protrudes beyond it, as can be seen in the figure.
  • This element is also known as insulating nozzle 2.
  • a main purpose of this insulating nozzle 2 is to form a constriction or flow path, in combination with other elements of the circuit breaker 1, for guiding the insulating fluid into and out of an arcing volume 5.
  • the arcing volume 5 is a region in which the first arcing contact 3 is moved back and forth for closing or opening an arcing circuit. As known, in this region an electric arc L develops during an opening and closing procedure between the first contact 3 and the second contact 4, which heats up the fluid located in the arcing volume 5.
  • This arcing region 5 is defined by an inner wall of the insulating nozzle 2 and by the front extremity of the second arcing contact 4 and the frontal extremities of the fingers of the first arcing contact 3.
  • the arcing volume 5 is connected, amongst others, with a heating volume 9 by a channel in such a way that the insulating fluid may travel between the heating volume 9 and the arcing volume 5 (illustrated by the arrows a).
  • the arcing volume 5 is also connected to an exhaust volume 6, the purpose of which has been described above, via an exhaust tube 7.
  • the exhaust tube 7 can be a prolongation of the first arcing contact 3, as can be seen in the Fig. 1 .
  • the hot gas travels through the exhaust tube 7, as shown by the arrows a, and escapes into the exhaust volume 6 through openings 8.
  • the passage of the hot gas into the exhaust volume 6 is indicated by arrow b.
  • mixed hot gas from the arcing volume 5 and cold gas from the exhaust volume 6 escape into a volume (not shown) delimited by an enclosure of the circuit breaker 1 (not shown) via exhaust volume holes 10.
  • Fig. 1 previously known exhaust tubes 7 are tubular (i.e. with constant cross-section or cylindrical) and comprise openings 8 with same cross-sections.
  • the present invention focuses on the exhaust tube 7 for reaching the above mentioned objectives. Therefore, for clarity reasons, the following figures only show the exhaust tube 7 and not the entire circuit breaker 1. It is understood that the exhaust tube 7 of Fig. 1 shall be replaced by an exhaust tube 7 according to one of the aspects of the invention.
  • a cross-section of each opening 8 connecting the interior of the exhaust tube 7 with the exhaust volume 6 is chosen such that all openings 8 have a substantially equal mass flow of the insulating medium or hot gas through them.
  • the first openings 8 are particularly stressed, as large amounts of the gas tend to escape through them. The more the hot gas travels towards the distal end of the exhaust tube 7, the more the pressure decreases, such that the last openings 8 experience very low pressure. Accordingly, the first openings 8 erode much faster than the last openings 8.
  • the exhaust tube openings 8 of the exhaust tube 7 are arranged in rows extending in longitudinal direction z, wherein the rows are distributed on an entire circumference of the exhaust tube 7. It is preferred to choose a number of rows between 2 and 6 rows.
  • all exhaust tube openings 8 of one row are distributed uniformly in longitudinal direction z, except for the embodiment of Fig. 8 .
  • All rows may have a same alignment, meaning that centers of circumferentially adjacent exhaust tube openings 8 are arranged on a same circumference line.
  • each row may be shifted by an offset in z-direction with respect to its adjacent rows.
  • the shape of the exhaust tube 7 itself may contribute to an optimized gas flow for reducing erosion and achieving better gas mixing and for increasing the amount of hot gas evacuated from the arcing zone, as mentioned.
  • Such an embodiment is shown in Fig. 2 .
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematized side view of a first embodiment of the exhaust tube 7 according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the diameter of the exhaust tube 7 increases linearly along a section of the exhaust tube 7, the length of which is denoted by the reference L1 in Fig. 2 .
  • the length of a preceding tubular section of the exhaust tube 7 is denoted by L2.
  • the section L1 has the shape of a conical frustum.
  • said section L1 of the exhaust tube 7 may be substantially trumpet-shaped. Other shapes may also be used.
  • the length of the section L1 of the exhaust tube 7 is in the range between 0.1 and 2 times the length of the rest or remainder of the exhaust tube 7, i.e. of the section L2 in longitudinal direction z.
  • a maximum diameter of the exhaust tube 7 is greater than a minimum diameter of the exhaust tube 7, i.e. the diameter of the tubular section L2, by a factor ranging between 1.05 and 1.5, wherein a preferred factor is ranging from 1.24 to 1.5 or is 1.24, a more preferred factor is ranging from 1.34 to 1.5 or is 1.34, and a most preferred factor is ranging from 1.44 to 1.5 or is 1.44.
  • exhaust tube openings 8 have equal diameters, however they may also have the different shapes and alignments discussed in connection with following embodiments of the exhaust tube 7.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematized side view of a first embodiment of the exhaust tube 7 according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • the cross-section of the exhaust tube openings 8 attributed to one row increase for all rows in longitudinal direction z away from the arcing volume 5, wherein the exhaust tube openings 8 of a row are equidistant (distance d between centers of two adjacent openings is constant).
  • the mass flow is equalized for all exhaust tube openings 8 along the z-axis (under operating conditions of the switching device). Little gas can flow out through the first exhaust tube openings 8. Due to the pressure drop experienced after having passed the first exhaust tube openings 8, less gas would exit the second exhaust tube openings 8 and so forth.
  • the second exhaust tube openings 8 are designed with a larger cross-section than the first exhaust tube openings 8, the pressure drop after the first exhaust tube openings 8 is "compensated" by larger (second and subsequent) exhaust tube openings 8, such that substantially the same gas throughput is achieved for the first and the second openings, and so forth.
  • the increase rate of the opening diameter of the exhaust tube openings 8 is constant (in particular as a function of increasing distance from the arcing zone 5), for at least a part of the rows, and preferably for all rows.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematized side view of a second embodiment of the exhaust tube 7 according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • the cross-section of the exhaust tube openings 8 attributed to one row decrease for at least a part of the rows, preferably for all rows in longitudinal direction z away from the arcing volume 5.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematized side view of an embodiment of the exhaust tube 7 according to the third aspect of the invention.
  • This embodiment shows exemplarily a combination of the first and the second aspect of the invention, that is, an expanding exhaust tube 7 according to the first aspect combined with exhaust tube openings 8 of different sizes according to the second aspect.
  • exhaust tube openings 8 with increasing diameter towards the last exhaust tube opening 8 have been chosen.
  • all other embodiments of the exhaust tube openings 8 can be used for expanding exhaust tubes 7.
  • the expanding exhaust tube 7 has been chosen to have an increasing diameter in flow direction for its entire length and not only for a section, as it is the case for the embodiment of Fig. 2 .
  • the exhaust tube 7 may also be formed such that its cross-section gets narrower towards its distal end (not shown).
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematized side view of an embodiment of the exhaust tube 7 according to the fourth aspect of the invention.
  • the exhaust tube 7 comprises a plurality of exhaust tube openings 8 in its wall or side wall, which fluidly connect the interior of the exhaust tube 7 with the exhaust volume 6.
  • the openings 8 have the same cross-section and diameter. But of course, all types of exhaust tube openings 8 discussed herein may be applied to this embodiment, as well.
  • a barrier element 11 is arranged inside the exhaust tube 7 in a region defined by a distal end of the exhaust tube 7 with respect to the arcing volume 5 (see Fig. 1 ) and by a closest exhaust tube opening 8 with respect to the distal end (reference c).
  • the barrier element 11 avoids gas accumulating in the "dead" space following the last exhaust tube opening 8 and redirects the gas towards the exhaust tube openings 8. It is particularly advantageous that a position of the barrier element 11 in said region is adjustable. This makes it possible to account for different gas pressures and flow patterns, e.g. subsonic or supersonic gas flow.
  • the barrier element 11 is preferably cone-shaped, as shown in the present example, or frustoconical, pointing towards the arcing volume 5.
  • the conicity given by angle ⁇ ranges between 20° and 80°, being preferably of 35°, more preferred of 45°, most preferred of 55°, with respect to the longitudinal axis z. It is furthermore preferred that a tip of the cone or edges of the small base of the frustum, respectively, is or are rounded in order to avoid increased erosion and enhance a smooth gas flow.
  • Fig. 7 shows a diagram illustrating an influence of the position of a barrier element 11 according to Fig. 6 .
  • the diagram shows the total mass flow in kg/s of the insulating gas as a function of time t for two cases (under relevant operating conditions of the switching device).
  • the curve 20 describes the total mass flow m(t) for a configuration with a barrier element arranged close to the last openings 8 of the exhaust tube 7, and the curve 21 shows the total mass through holes m(t) for a configuration with a barrier element 11 arranged far (200 mm) from the last openings 8 of the exhaust tube 7.
  • the vertical line illustrates a typical arc interruption instant.
  • Fig. 8 and 9 show a schematized side view of alternative embodiments of the exhaust tube 7 according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • the exhaust tube openings 8 of one row are not distributed uniformly in longitudinal direction, i.e. their centers are not at same distances to the ones of adjacent exhaust tube openings 8.
  • groups of exhaust tube openings 8 wherein the exhaust tube openings 8 of one group are closer to one another than to the exhaust tube openings 8 of another group.
  • the exhaust tube openings 8 have different shapes, like oval, rectangular and/or circular. It is understood that differently shaped exhaust tube openings 8 may be arranged on the same exhaust tube 7.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematized side view of a particular embodiment of the openings 8 of the exhaust tube 7 according to the invention.
  • a wall 12 of each exhaust tube opening 8 is not perpendicular relative to the longitudinal axis z.
  • the figure shows a combination of exhaust tube openings 8 with walls inclined towards the arcing volume 5 and/or towards the distal end of the exhaust tube 7. This configuration may be particularly useful when using a barrier element 11.
  • exhaust tube openings 8 with walls inclined towards the distal end of the exhaust tube 7, except for the last exhaust tube openings 8, which are inclined towards the arcing volume 5.
  • the gas flows in a direction against the arrow z, it will pass through the exhaust tube openings 8 easier when these are inclined in flow direction, leading to a faster evacuation, however also to less turbulence in the region of the exhaust tube openings 8.
  • the gas can be evacuated faster.
  • the barrier element 11 not shown in Fig. 10
  • the gas flows towards the exhaust tube wall, as it is deflected by the cone-shaped barrier element 11, and tends to flow back in z-direction. Therefore, if the last exhaust tube openings 8 are inclined in this new flow direction (i.e. towards the arcing volume 5, as induced by the barrier element 11) they facilitate that this remaining gas flows into the exhaust volume 6 due to their special wall orientation.
  • exhaust tube openings 8 in particular their sizes and positions, may not only be chosen in relation to the gas flow from the exhaust tube 7 into the exhaust volume 6. Another factor which may influence their arrangement is given by the configuration of gas passage from the exhaust volume into a volume existing between the outer shell and the exhaust volume 6. This passage is indicated in Fig. 1 by the exhaust volume openings 10.
  • the fluid used in the encapsulated or non-encapsulated electric apparatus can be SF 6 gas or any other dielectric insulation medium, may it be gaseous and/or liquid, and in particular can be a dielectric insulation gas or arc quenching gas.
  • Such dielectric insulation medium can for example encompass media comprising an organofluorine compound, such organofluorine compound being selected from the group consisting of: fluoroethers, in particular hydrofluoromonoethers, a fluoroamine, a fluorooxirane, fluoroketones, in particular perfluoroketones, fluoroolefins, in particular hydrofluoroolefins, and fluoronitriles, in particular perfluoronitriles, and mixtures thereof; and preferably being a fluoroketone and/or a fluoroether, more preferably a perfluoroketone and/or a hydrofluoroether.
  • organofluorine compound being selected from the group consisting of: fluoroethers, in particular hydrofluoromonoethers, a fluoroamine, a fluorooxirane, fluoroketones, in particular perfluoroketones, fluoroolefins, in particular hydrofluor
  • fluoroether refers to at least partially fluorinated compounds.
  • fluoroether encompasses both hydrofluoroethers and perfluoroethers
  • fluoroamine encompasses both hydrofluoroamines and perfluoroamines
  • fluoroketone encompasses both hydrofluoroketones and perfluoroketones. It can thereby be preferred that the fluoroether, the fluoroamine, the fluoroketone and the oxirane are fully fluorinated, i.e. perfluorinated.
  • fluoroketone as used in the context of the present invention shall be interpreted broadly and shall encompass both fluoromonoketones and fluorodiketones or generally fluoropolyketones. The term shall also encompass both saturated compounds and unsaturated compounds including double and/or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketones can be linear or branched and can optionally form a ring.
  • the fluoroketone can be a fluoromonoketone and/or may also comprise heteroatoms, such as at least one of a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulphur atom, replacing one or more carbon atoms.
  • the fluoromonoketone, in particular perfluoroketone shall have from 3 to 15 or from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and particularly from 5 to 9 carbon atoms. Most preferably, it may comprise exactly 5 carbon atoms and/or exactly 6 carbon atoms and/or exactly 7 carbon atoms and/or exactly 8 carbon atoms.
  • the dielectric insulation medium can further comprise a background gas or carrier gas different from the organofluorine compound, in particular different from the fluoroether, the fluoroamine, the fluoroketone, the oxirane, the olefin or hydrofluorolefin and the fluoronitril, and preferably can be selected from the group consisting of: air, N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 , a noble gas, H 2 ; NO 2 , NO, N 2 O, fluorocarbons and in particular perfluorocarbons and preferably CF 4 , CF 3 I, SF 6 , and mixtures thereof.
  • a background gas or carrier gas different from the organofluorine compound, in particular different from the fluoroether, the fluoroamine, the fluoroketone, the oxirane, the olefin or hydrofluorolefin and the fluoronitril, and preferably can be selected from the group consisting of: air, N 2 , O 2 , CO 2
  • the different aspects of the invention may be used alone or in combination in order to improve switching performance of the circuit breaker during normal operation and to control erosion of the exhaust tube 7 and of the exhaust tube openings 8.
  • the effects of each aspect of the invention may address same or different causes.
  • one cause is poorly mixed gas, meaning that the hot gas from the arcing zone has not been cooled effectively.
  • Another cause is erosion, leading to distribution of particles of the circuit breaker material, e.g. of the exhaust tube, in the gas.
  • a choice of the optimum configuration can be made by conducting simulations using said different configurations and different ratings.
  • Such simulations typically show e.g. heat distribution in the gas along the travel path of the gas throughout the entire inner space of the circuit breaker or in designated sections. Based on such simulations it is possible to identify critical conditions at known sensitive locations inside the circuit breaker. Based upon this it is possible to choose the best alternative for exhaust tube design out of the variety of combinations described above.

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Claims (15)

  1. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung (1), gefüllt mit einem dielektrischen isolierenden Medium, die Folgendes umfasst:
    zumindest eine Anordnung von Lichtbogenkontakten mit einem ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (3) und einem entsprechenden zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (4), wobei zum Öffnen und Schließen der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung (1) zumindest einer der Lichtbogenkontakte (3, 4) parallel zu einer Längsachse (z) bewegbar ist und mit dem anderen Lichtbogenkontakt (4, 3) zusammenwirkt,
    ferner umfassend eine isolierende Düse (2), ein Lichtbogenvolumen (5) zwischen dem ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (3) und dem zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (4), ein Auslassvolumen (6) und ein Auslassrohr (7), wobei das Auslassrohr (7) in Erweiterung des ersten Lichtbogenkontakts (3), insbesondere eines hohlen Tulpenkontakts (3) oder eines hohlen Stiftkontakts,
    entlang der Längsachse (z) angeordnet ist und das Auslassvolumen (6) mit dem Lichtbogenvolumen (5) verbindet, um zumindest einen Teil von heißem dielektrischem isolierendem Medium in das Auslassrohr (7) zu evakuieren,
    wobei das Auslassrohr (7) ferner so ausgelegt ist, dass entweder:
    sich ein Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) vergrößert, zumindest entlang eines Abschnitts (L1) des Auslassrohrs (7), in Längsrichtung (z) weg vom Lichtbogenvolumen (5), das Auslassrohr (7) mehrere Auslassrohröffnungen (8) durch seine Wand umfasst, die das Innere des Auslassrohrs (7) mit dem Auslassvolumen (6) verbinden, wobei zumindest ein Teil der Auslassrohröffnungen (8) unterschiedliche Größen hat;
    wobei die Auslassrohröffnungen (8) des Auslassrohrs (7) in Reihen angeordnet sind, die sich in Längsrichtung (z) erstrecken, wobei die Reihen an einem gesamten Umfang des Auslassrohrs (7) angeordnet sind, wobei insbesondere eine Anzahl von Reihen im Bereich zwischen 2 und 6 Reihen liegt,
    wobei sich, zumindest entlang des Abschnitts (L1) des Auslassrohrs (7), in Längsrichtung (z) weg vom Lichtbogenvolumen (5), die Querschnitte der Auslassrohröffnungen (8), die einer Reihe zugeschrieben werden, für alle Reihen in Längsrichtung (z) weg vom Lichtbogenvolumen (5) verringern,
    oder wobei das Auslassrohr (7) ferner so ausgelegt ist, dass:
    das Auslassrohr (7) mehrere Auslassrohröffnungen (8) durch seine Wand umfasst, die das Innere des Auslassrohrs (7) mit dem Auslassvolumen (6) verbinden, wobei zumindest ein Teil der Auslassrohröffnungen (8) unterschiedliche Größen hat, und wobei das Auslassrohr (7) mehrere Auslassrohröffnungen (8) umfasst, die sich vergrößernde Querschnitte in Längsrichtung (z) weg vom Lichtbogenvolumen (5) aufweisen, und wobei sich der Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) entlang des Abschnitts (L1) des Auslassrohrs (7) verringert.
  2. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei, in dem Fall, in dem sich der Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) zumindest entlang des Abschnitts (L1) des Auslassrohrs (7) in Längsrichtung (z) weg vom Lichtbogenvolumen (5) vergrößert, der Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) so gewählt wird, dass es sich vergrößert, sodass, während eines Schaltvorgangs unter Betriebsbedingungen der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung (1), ein Massenstrom des heißen dielektrischen isolierenden Mediums, das durch Auslassrohr (7) evakuiert werden soll, maximiert ist.
  3. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei sich der Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) linear entlang des Abschnitts des Auslassrohrs (7) vergrößert oder sich der Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) in einer solchen Weise vergrößert, dass der Abschnitt des Auslassrohrs (7) im Wesentlichen trompetenförmig ist, wobei sich insbesondere der Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) entlang des gesamten Auslassrohrs (7) in Fließrichtung des isolierenden Mediums weg vom Lichtbogenvolumen (5) vergrößert.
  4. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Länge eines Abschnitts (L1) des Auslassrohrs (7) mit einem sich in Fließrichtung des isolierenden Mediums weg vom Lichtbogenvolumen (5) vergrößernden Durchmesser im Bereich zwischen 0,1- bis 2-mal einer Länge des Abschnitts (L2) des restlichen Auslassrohrs (7) in Längsrichtung (z) ist.
  5. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei sich, in dem Fall, in dem das Auslassrohr (7) mehrere Auslassrohröffnungen (8) mit sich in Längsrichtung (z) weg vom Lichtbogenvolumen (5) vergrößernden Querschnitten umfasst, der Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) linear entlang des Abschnitts des Auslassrohrs (7) verringert, insbesondere entlang der gesamten Länge des Auslassrohrs (7).
  6. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein maximaler Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) um einen Faktor größer als ein minimaler Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) ist, der im Bereich zwischen 1,05 und 1,5 liegt, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 1,24 bis 1,5 liegt oder 1,24 ist, noch bevorzugter im Bereich von 1,34 bis 1,5 liegt oder 1,34 ist, am ehesten zu bevorzugen im Bereich von 1,44 bis 1,5 liegt oder 1,44 ist.
  7. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei in dem Fall, in dem das Auslassrohr (7) mehrere Auslassrohröffnungen (8) umfasst, eine Gesamtfläche aller Auslassrohröffnungen (8) des Auslassrohrs (7) um einen Faktor größer als ein durchschnittlicher Querschnitt des Auslassrohrs (7) ist, der im Bereich zwischen 1 und 6 liegt, insbesondere im Bereich zwischen 3 und 6 liegt.
  8. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei in dem Fall, in dem das Auslassrohr (7) mehrere Auslassrohröffnungen (8) umfasst, ein Querschnitt jeder Auslassrohröffnung (8) so gewählt wird, dass während eines Schaltvorgangs unter Betriebsbedingungen der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung (1) ein im Wesentlichen gleicher Betrag von Masse durch jede Auslassrohröffnung (8) vom Auslassrohr (7) in das Auslassvolumen (6) fließt.
  9. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Auslassrohröffnungen (8) des Auslassrohrs (7) in Reihen angeordnet sind, die sich in Längsrichtung (z) erstrecken, wobei die Reihen an einem gesamten Umfang des Auslassrohrs (7) verteilt sind, wobei insbesondere eine Anzahl von Reihen im Bereich zwischen 2 und 6 Reihen liegt,
  10. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, wobei alle Auslassrohröffnungen (8) einer Reihe gleichmäßig in Längsrichtung (z) verteilt sind oder wobei zumindest ein Teil der Auslassrohröffnungen (8) einer Reihe nicht gleichmäßig in Längsrichtung (z) verteilt ist.
  11. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, wobei alle Reihen eine gleiche Ausrichtung haben oder wobei jede Reihe um einen Versatz bezüglich ihrer angrenzenden Reihen versetzt ist.
  12. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, wobei sich ein Querschnitt der einer Reihe zugeschriebenen Auslassrohröffnungen (8) für alle Reihen in Längsrichtung (z) weg vom Lichtbogenvolumen (5) vergrößert.
  13. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei in dem Fall, in dem sich der Durchmesser des Auslassrohrs (7) zumindest entlang eines Abschnitts (L1) des Auslassrohrs (7) in Längsrichtung (z) weg von dem Lichtbogenvolumen (5) vergrößert, alle Auslassrohröffnungen (8) gleiche Querschnitte hinsichtlich ihrer Form und Fläche haben.
  14. Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Wand (12) jeder Auslassrohröffnung (8) nicht senkrecht zur Längsachse (z) ist.
  15. Elektrische Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein dielektrisches Isoliermedium, insbesondere dielektrisches Isoliergas, vorhanden ist, das eine fluororganische Verbindung umfasst, die aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die besteht aus: Fluorethern, insbesondere Hydrofluormonoethern, einem Fluoramine, einem Fluoroxiran, Fluorketonen, insbesondere Perfluorketonen, Fluorolefinen, insbesondere Hydrofluorolefinen, Fluornitrilen, insbesondere Perfluornitrilen, und Gemischen davon, insbesondere in einem Gemisch mit einem Hintergrundgas; und/oder wobei die Schaltvorrichtung (1) aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die besteht aus: Erdungsvorrichtung, flinker Erdungsvorrichtung, Schutzschalter, Generatorschutzschalter, Trennschalter, kombinierter Trenn- und Erdungsschalter oder Lasttrennschalter.
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US3970811A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-07-20 I-T-E Imperial Corporation Nozzle and contact arrangement for puffer type interrupter
JPS63211532A (ja) * 1987-02-26 1988-09-02 三菱電機株式会社 ガス開閉器
JP2521353B2 (ja) * 1989-06-30 1996-08-07 株式会社日立製作所 ガス遮断器
DE10156535C1 (de) * 2001-11-14 2003-06-26 Siemens Ag Leistungsschalter
EP1403891B2 (de) * 2002-09-24 2016-09-28 ABB Schweiz AG Leistungsschalter
CN101120423B (zh) * 2004-12-24 2010-06-23 Abb技术有限公司 具有改进的断流容量的发电机开关
ATE458259T1 (de) * 2005-09-26 2010-03-15 Abb Technology Ag Hochspannungsschalter mit verbesserter schaltleistung
FR2922043B1 (fr) * 2007-10-03 2009-12-11 Areva T & D Sa Chambre de coupure de disjoncteur a double volume de compression
KR101048969B1 (ko) * 2010-03-02 2011-07-12 엘에스산전 주식회사 초고압 스위치기어의 열가스 흐름 안내장치

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