EP4125108B1 - Gasisolierter hoch- oder mittelspannungsleistungsschalter - Google Patents

Gasisolierter hoch- oder mittelspannungsleistungsschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4125108B1
EP4125108B1 EP21187695.8A EP21187695A EP4125108B1 EP 4125108 B1 EP4125108 B1 EP 4125108B1 EP 21187695 A EP21187695 A EP 21187695A EP 4125108 B1 EP4125108 B1 EP 4125108B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
side shield
circuit breaker
arcing
insulating tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21187695.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4125108A1 (de
Inventor
Mahesh DHOTRE
Francesco Agostini
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Hitachi Energy Ltd
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Hitachi Energy Ltd
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Priority to EP21187695.8A priority Critical patent/EP4125108B1/de
Priority to JP2022108069A priority patent/JP2023017709A/ja
Publication of EP4125108A1 publication Critical patent/EP4125108A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4125108B1 publication Critical patent/EP4125108B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H2033/888—Deflection of hot gasses and arcing products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas-insulated high or medium voltage circuit breaker comprising a first arcing contact and a second arcing contact, whereby the first arcing contact and/or the second arcing contact is axially movable along a switching axis, thereby forming, during a breaking operation, an arc between the first arcing contact and the second arcing contact in an arcing region, a first nominal contact circumferentially surrounding the first arcing contact and a second nominal contact circumferentially surrounding the second arcing contact, a first side shield and a first side cylinder circumferentially surrounding the first nominal contact and a second side shield and a second side cylinder circumferentially surrounding the second nominal contact, and a chamber insulating tube connecting the first side shield and the second side shield circumferentially around the arcing region.
  • Circuit breakers are well known in the field of medium and high voltage switching applications and are predominantly used for interrupting a current, when an electrical fault occurs.
  • circuit breakers have the task of opening contacts and keeping them apart from one another in order to avoid a current flow even in case of high electrical potential originating from the electrical fault itself.
  • the circuit breaker may break medium to high short circuit currents of 1 kA to 80 kA at medium to high voltages of 12 kV to 72 kV and up to 1200 kV.
  • the operation principle of circuit breakers is known. Such circuit breakers are arranged in the respective electrical circuits which are intended to be interrupted based on some predefined event occurring in the electrical circuit.
  • circuit breakers are responsive to detection of a fault condition or fault current.
  • a mechanism may operate the circuit breaker so as to interrupt the current flowing there through, thereby interrupting the current flowing in the electrical circuit.
  • contacts within the circuit breaker separate in order to interrupt the electrical circuit.
  • pneumatic arrangements or some other means utilizing mechanically stored energy are employed to separate the contacts. Some of the energy required for separating the contacts may be obtained from the fault current itself.
  • an arc is generally generated. This arc must be cooled so that it becomes quenched or extinguished, such that the gap between the contacts repeatedly can withstand the voltage in the electrical circuit.
  • Insulating gas comprises for example Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) or CO2.
  • US 2007/068904 A1 discloses a gas-insulated high voltage circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1 respectively a method for manufacturing a gas-insulated high voltage circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 13.
  • a gas-insulated high or medium voltage circuit breaker comprising a first arcing contact and a second arcing contact, whereby the first arcing contact and/or the second arcing contact is axially movable along a switching axis, thereby forming, during a breaking operation, an arc between the first arcing contact and the second arcing contact in an arcing region, a first nominal contact circumferentially surrounding the first arcing contact and a second nominal contact circumferentially surrounding the second arcing contact, a first side shield and a first side cylinder preferably overlappingly arranged and circumferentially surrounding the first nominal contact and a second side shield and a second side cylinder preferably overlappingly arranged and circumferentially surrounding the second nominal contact, a chamber insulating tube connecting the first side shield and the second side shield circumferentially around the arcing region, and at least one one-way valve configured for allowing, during the breaking operation, an arc-extinguishing gas to
  • a key point of the invention is to use an one-way valve allowing only a flow from the arcing region towards an exhaust and not vice versa respectively allowing natural convection into the chamber insulating tube.
  • the one-way valve preferably comprising no moving parts, thus resulting in no maintenance and malfunctioning compared with a traditional variant.
  • the one-way valve can be positioned at end of and/or within an exhaust tube at a moving contact side and/or in an exhaust volume formed by the first side shield and first side cylinder, close to a flow path entry to a tank formed by the first side shield and first side cylinder and/or second side shield and second side cylinder, and/or within insulating tube holes for flow due to natural convection.
  • the one-way valve can carry cold gas from a bottom of the tank into the chamber insulating tube, whereby flow may be only in one direction from bottom to top and not vice versa through the chamber, for avoid getting particles along with the flow into the chamber insulating tube and for avoiding flashovers.
  • the one-way valve may be placed downstream of a diffuser or in exhaust parts blocking the flow and for a better mixing of hot and cold gases.
  • a medium voltage relates to voltages that exceeds 1 kV.
  • a medium voltage preferably concerns nominal voltages in the range from 12 kV to 72 kV (medium voltage range), like 25 kV, 40 kV or 60 kV.
  • a high voltage preferably relates to nominal voltages in the range from above 72 kV to 550 kV, like 145 kV, 245 kV or 420 kV.
  • Nominal currents of the circuit breaker can be preferably in the range from 1 kA to 5 kA. The current which flows during the abnormal conditions in which the circuit breaker performs its duty may be appropriately referred to as referred to as the breaking current or the short circuit current.
  • the short circuit current may be in the range from 31.5 kA to 80 kA, which is termed high short-circuit current duty.
  • breaking voltages may be very high, e.g., in the range from 110 kV to 1200 kV.
  • the arc-extinguishing medium comprises a gas.
  • First side shield, first side cylinder, second side shield, second side/cylinder and/or chamber insulating tube form an encapsulating housing which defines a volume for the gas.
  • the circuit breaker can include a gas blowing system configured to extinguish an arc formed between the first arcing contact and the second arcing contact of the circuit breaker during a stage of the current interruption operation.
  • the first arcing contact, the first side cylinder and/or first side shield are movably, whereas the second arcing contact, the second side cylinder and/or second side shield are fixed.
  • the arc-extinguishing gas can be any suitable gas that enables to adequately extinguish the electric arc formed between the arcing contacts during a current interruption operation, such as, but not limited, to an inert gas as, for example, sulphur hexafluoride SF6.
  • an inert gas as, for example, sulphur hexafluoride SF6.
  • the arc-extinguishing gas used in the circuit breaker can be SF6 gas or any other dielectric insulation medium, may it be gaseous and/or liquid, and in particular can be a dielectric insulation gas or arc quenching gas.
  • Such dielectric insulation medium can for example encompass media comprising an organofluorine compound, such organofluorine compound being selected from the group consisting of: a fluoroether, an oxirane, a fluoroamine, a fluoroketone, a fluoroolefin, a fluoronitrile, and mixtures and/or decomposition products thereof.
  • organofluorine compound such organofluorine compound being selected from the group consisting of: a fluoroether, an oxirane, a fluoroamine, a fluoroketone, a fluoroolefin, a fluoronitrile, and mixtures and/or decomposition products thereof.
  • fluoroether oxirane
  • fluoroamine fluoroketone
  • fluoroolefin fluoronitrile
  • fluoroether encompasses both hydrofluoroethers and perfluoroethers
  • oxirane encompasses both hydrofluorooxiranes and perfluorooxiranes
  • fluoroamine encompasses both hydrofluoroamines and perfluoroamines
  • fluoroketone encompasses both hydrofluoroketones and perfluoroketones
  • fluoroolefin encompasses both hydrofluoroolefins and perfluoroolefins
  • fluoronitrile encompasses both hydrofluoronitriles and perfluoronitriles. It can thereby be preferred that the fluoroether, the oxirane, the fluoroamine and the fluoroketone are fully fluorinated, i.e. perfluorinated.
  • the dielectric insulation medium can be selected from the group consisting of: a hydrofluoroether, a perfluoroketone, a hydrofluoroolefin, a perfluoronitrile, and mixtures thereof.
  • fluoroketone as used in the context of the present invention shall be interpreted broadly and shall encompass both fluoromonoketones and fluorodiketones or generally fluoropolyketones. Explicitly, more than a single carbonyl group flanked by carbon atoms may be present in the molecule. The term shall also encompass both saturated compounds and unsaturated compounds including double and/or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketones can be linear or branched and can optionally form a ring.
  • the dielectric insulation medium may comprise at least one compound being a fluoromonoketone and/or comprising also heteroatoms incorporated into the carbon backbone of the molecules, such as at least one of: a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulphur atom, replacing one or more carbon atoms.
  • the fluoromonoketone, in particular perfluoroketone can have from 3 to 15 or from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and particularly from 5 to 9 carbon atoms. Most preferably, it may comprise exactly 5 carbon atoms and/or exactly 6 carbon atoms and/or exactly 7 carbon atoms and/or exactly 8 carbon atoms.
  • the dielectric insulation medium may comprise at least one compound being a fluoroolefin selected from the group consisting of: hydrofluoroolefins (HFO) comprising at least three carbon atoms, hydrofluoroolefins (HFO) comprising exactly three carbon atoms, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (HFO-1234ze), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (HFO-1234yf), and mixtures thereof.
  • the organofluorine compound can also be a fluoronitrile, in particular a perfluoronitrile.
  • the organofluorine compound can be a fluoronitrile, specifically a perfluoronitrile, containing two carbon atoms, and/or three carbon atoms, and/or four carbon atoms.
  • the fluoronitrile can be a perfluoroalkylnitrile, specifically perfluoro-acetonitrile, perfluoropropionitrile (C2F5CN) and/or perfluoro-butyronitrile (C3F7CN).
  • the fluoronitrile can be perfluoroisobutyronitrile (according to the formula (CF3)2CFCN) and/or perfluoro-2-methoxypropanenitrile (according to formula CF3CF(OCF3)CN).
  • perfluoroisobutyronitrile i.e. 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl propanenitrile alias i-C3F7CN
  • perfluoroisobutyronitrile is particularly preferred due to its low toxicity.
  • the dielectric insulation medium can further comprise a background gas or carrier gas different from the organofluorine compound (in particular different from the fluoroether, the oxirane, the fluoroamine, the fluoroketone and the fluoroolefin) and can in embodiments be selected from the group consisting of: air, N2, O2, CO2, a noble gas, H2; NO2, NO, N2O; fluorocarbons and in particular perfluorocarbons, such as CF4; CF3I, SF6; and mixtures thereof.
  • the dielectric insulating gas can be CO2 in an embodiment.
  • the circuit breaker may include one or more components such as, a puffer-type cylinder, a self-blast chamber, a pressure collecting space, a compression space, or puffer volume, and an expansion space.
  • the circuit breaker may effectuate interruption of the electrical circuit by means of one or more of such components, thereby discontinuing flow of electrical current in the electrical circuit, and/or extinction of the arc produced when the electrical circuit is interrupted.
  • the circuit breaker can include also other parts such as a drive, a controller, and the like, which have been omitted in the description. These parts are provided in analogy to a conventional high or medium voltage gas-insulated circuit breaker.
  • the term "axial" designates an extension, distance etc. in the direction of the axis.
  • An axial separation between parts means that these parts are separated from each other when seen or measured in the direction of the axis.
  • radial designates an extension, distance etc. in a direction perpendicular to the axis.
  • cross-section means a plane perpendicular to the axis, and the term “cross-sectional area” means an area in such a plane.
  • the axis can be, for example, the switching axis.
  • the at least one one-way valve is provided as tesla-valve, preferably comprising a plurality of turns, more preferably connected in parallel and/or in series.
  • a tesla valve advantageously comprises no moving parts such that no maintenance is required.
  • a tesla valve has a design that allows fluid to flow unimpeded in one direction, but in the other direction, the fluid is blocked.
  • an interior of the valve is preferably provided with enlargements, recesses, projections, baffles, or buckets which, while offering virtually no resistance to the passage of the fluid in one direction, other than surface friction, constitute an almost impassable barrier to its flow in the opposite.
  • Preferably two, three, four or more one-way valves are connected in parallel and/or in series.
  • the at least one one-way valve, the first side shield and the first side cylinder are 3D printed as one piece or the at least one one-way valve, the second side shield, and the second side cylinder are 3D printed as one piece.
  • Advantage of a 3D printed one-way valve, the first side shield, the first side cylinder, the second side shield, the second side cylinder and/or chamber insulating tube is that the valve does not have moving parts and thus being maintenance free.
  • the 3D printed one-way valve, the first side shield, the first side cylinder, the second side shield, the second side cylinder and/or chamber insulating tube is preferably of a material composition, for example, including PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene), PFA (perfluoroalkoxy alkane), TFM (modified PTFE), MOS2 (molybdenum disulfide), BN (boron nitride), combinations thereof, or any fillings of one of these materials with another one.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy alkane
  • TFM modified PTFE
  • MOS2 molethacrylate
  • BN boron nitride
  • the first side shield, the first side cylinder with at least one one way valve; the second side shield, the second side cylinder with at least one one-way valve and/or the chamber insulating tube with at least one way valve are 3D printed together in a single manufacturing step.
  • the at least one one-way valve and/or the chamber insulating tube are 3D printed as one piece, and/or the at least one one-way valve and the first side shield, the first side cylinder, the second side shield, the second side cylinder and/or the chamber insulating tube are 3D printed as one piece.
  • the at least one one-way valve is arranged between the first side shield and the first side cylinder, between the second side shield and the second side cylinder, and/or passed through the first arcing contact, and is configured for allowing the arc-extinguishing gas to escape from the arcing region.
  • the one-way valve preferably extends in axial direction.
  • the first side shield and/or the second side shield are preferably arranged in an overlapping manner with the first side cylinder and/or the second side cylinder, whereby the one one-way is arranged in the overlapping area.
  • the first side shield and/or the second side shield preferably circumferentially encapsulate together with the first side cylinder and/or the second side cylinder and the chamber insulating tube in a closed manner, except the one one-way valve, the first arcing contact and/or the second arcing contact and the first nominal contact and/or the second nominal contact.
  • First nominal contact and/or the second nominal contact are preferably arranged circumferentially around the first arcing contact and/or the second arcing contact.
  • the at least one one-way valve is passed through the chamber insulating tube, the first side shield and/or the second side shield, and is configured for allowing the arc-extinguishing gas to enter the chamber insulating tube.
  • the one-way valve preferably extends in radial direction.
  • the chamber insulating tube is preferably provided in a tube-like manner, whereby the tube circumferentially overlaps with the first side shield and/or the second side shield.
  • the gas-insulated high or medium voltage circuit breaker comprises at least two one-way valves arranged at opposite and preferably diagonally opposite sides of the chamber insulating tube, whereby one part of the one-way valves is configured for allowing the arc-extinguishing gas to escape from the chamber insulating tube and another part of the one-way valves is configured for allowing the arc-extinguishing gas to enter the chamber insulating tube.
  • at least two one-way valves are arranged at each side and/or extend in radial direction.
  • a plurality of one-way valves are passed at least through the chamber insulating tube, and in particular are arranged side-by-side.
  • the complete axial extension of the chamber insulating tube constitutes of one-way valves arranged side-by-side.
  • the one-way valves are preferably arranged at radially opposite sides of the chamber insulating tube.
  • the first arcing contact comprises as prolongation an exhaust tube for the arc-extinguishing gas to escape and the at least one one-way valve is provided within the exhaust tube.
  • the one-way valve preferably extends in axial direction.
  • the gas-insulated high or medium voltage circuit breaker comprises a plurality of one-way valves connected in series in an axially extending manner within chamber insulating tube.
  • the one-way valves extend over a complete axial extension of the chamber insulating tube.
  • the gas-insulated high or medium voltage circuit breaker comprises a buffer cylinder including a channel directed to the arcing region and/or a nozzle for blowing during the breaking operation the arc-extinguishing gas to the arcing region.
  • the buffer cylinder may be axially fixed to the nozzle such that the channel can be circumferentially encased at least partially by both the buffer cylinder and the nozzle.
  • the circuit breaker is a gas-insulated circuit breaker adapted to interrupt medium to high-voltages of 12 kV or more, 52 kV or more, or more than 72 kV, or 145 kV or more; and/or wherein the gas-insulated high or medium voltage circuit breaker is one of a puffer-type circuit breaker, a selfblast circuit breaker, or a combination thereof.
  • the object is further solved by a method of operating a gas-insulated high or medium voltage circuit breaker, the method comprising: Breaking an electric current with the high or medium voltage circuit breaker as described before.
  • breaking the electric current comprises: Separating the first arcing contact and the second arcing contact by moving the first arcing contact and/or the second arcing contact along the switching axis to initiate a breaking operation.
  • the arcing contacts can be separated by moving the first arcing contact along the switching axis to initiate a breaking operation.
  • the temperature of the arc-extinguishing gas in the buffer volume can be decreased. Accordingly, also the probability or risk of a restrike or late restrike, i.e. a reignition of the arc, due to a flow reversal of heated gas from the buffer volume back to the arcing zone can be decreased.
  • the object is further solved by a method for manufacturing a gas-insulated high or medium voltage circuit breaker, the circuit breaker comprising:
  • the method comprises the steps of
  • the method comprises the step of
  • Installing preferably comprises firmly and/or fixed installing the 3D printed one-way valve, for example by means of gluing and/or mechanical adjustment, for example comprising drilling and mechanically fixing.
  • the circuit breaker 1 may be a puffer type circuit breaker, a self-blast circuit breaker, a generator circuit breaker, a disconnector, a combined disconnector and circuit breaker, a live tank breaker, or a load break switch in power transmission and distribution systems.
  • the circuit breaker 1 can comprise also other parts such as nominal contacts, a drive, a controller, and the like, which have been omitted in the Figures and are not described herein in detail. These parts are provided in analogy to a conventional high or medium voltage gas-insulated circuit breaker.
  • Fig. 1 shows a gas-insulated circuit breaker 1 according to a preferred implementation described herein, for high or medium voltages.
  • the circuit breaker 1 includes a first arcing contact 2 and a second arcing contact 3.
  • the first arcing contact 2 is in Fig. 1 exemplarily in the form of a tulip, e.g. a contact tulip, whereby the second arcing contact 3 is in the form of a rod, e.g. a contact rod.
  • the two arcing contacts 2, 3 co-operate with each other between an open end-position, in which the two arcing contacts 2, 3 are completely electrically separated from each other, as shown in Fig. 1 , and a closed end-position, in which an electric current can pass between them.
  • the moving acing contact 2 is part of a moving breaking contact having a first nominal contact 7.
  • the second arcing contact 3 is part of a fixed breaking contact with a second nominal contact 8.
  • the arcing contacts 2, 3 are constituted in a manner such that they can conveniently carry an interruption current, so that the arcing contacts 2, 3 do not generate excessive heating and withstand the heat of an arc 5 generated during a current interruption operation of the circuit breaker 1.
  • arcing contacts 2, 3 are made of any suitable material, typically arc-resistant material, that enables the circuit breaker 1 to function as described herein, such as exemplarily, but not limited to: copper, copper alloys, silver alloys, tungsten, tungsten alloys, or any combination(s) thereof.
  • these materials are chosen on the basis of their electrical conductivity, hardness (i.e. resistance to abrasive wear), mechanical strength, low cost, and/or chemical properties.
  • the contact rod shown in Fig. 1 and forming the second arcing contact 3 is made of any suitable conductive material which enables the circuit breaker 1 to function as described herein, such as exemplarily, but not limited to, copper.
  • the contact rod may be made of different materials, for example, different parts thereof may be made of different materials or be coated with a material which provides adequate electrical and/or mechanical properties to each of these parts.
  • the first arcing contact 2 e.g. as part of the moving breaking contact, is movable relatively to the second arcing contact 3 along a switching axis 4 to bring the arcing contacts 2, 3 in the open end-position or in the closed end-position.
  • the second arcing contact 3 is inserted into the first arcing contact 2.
  • the breaking operation the first arcing contact 2 moves away from the second arcing contact 3 so that both contacts separate from one another.
  • arc 5 develops in the arcing region 6 between portions of the first and second arcing contact 2, 3.
  • the circuit breaker 1 shown in Fig. 1 is arranged in a gas-tight housing filled with an electrically insulating gas or arc-extinguishing gas.
  • the volume between the housing and the components of the circuit breaker 1 shown in Fig. 1 is inside the gastight housing.
  • the gas-tight housing can be constituted as an encapsulation, such as, but not limited to, a metallic or ceramic housing.
  • the encapsulation comprises a first side shield 9 and a first side cylinder 10overlappingly arranged and circumferentially surrounding the first nominal contact 7, and a second side shield 11 and a second side cylinder 12 overlappingly arranged and circumferentially surrounding the second nominal contact 8.
  • a chamber insulating tube 13 circumferentially connects the first side shield 9 and the second side shield 11 around the arcing region 6 in an overlapping manner.
  • the circuit breaker 1 further includes least one one-way valve 14 for allowing, during the breaking operation, an arc-extinguishing gas to escape from the arcing region 6 and/or to enter the chamber insulating tube 13.
  • the implementation in Fig. 1 comprises a total of nine one-way valves 14 at different positions, described in the following with reference to Figs. 2 to 4 in more detail.
  • the depicted one-way valves 14 are provided as tesla-valves, having in Fig. 2a a plurality of turns, or connected in parallel in Fig. 3a or in series in Fig. 4a .
  • the one-way valves 14 are 3D printed of a material composition, for example, including PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene), PFA (perfluoroalkoxy alkane), TFM (modified PTFE), MOS2 (molybdenum disulfide), BN (boron nitride), combinations thereof, or any fillings of one of these materials with another one. in one combination, one of these materials can be used as a matrix and another one can be used as a filler.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy alkane
  • TFM modified PTFE
  • MOS2 molethacrylate
  • BN boron nitride
  • one-way valves 14 are passed through the chamber insulating tube 13, whereas in Fig. 1 the one-way valves 14 are also passed through the first side shield 9, left side, and the second side shield 10, right side.
  • the one-way valves 14 are thereby configured for allowing the arc-extinguishing gas to enter the chamber insulating tube 13.
  • one-way valves 14 are arranged at axially and radially opposite sides at the chamber insulating tube 13, whereas in Fig. 2b one-way valves 14 are arranged at diagonally opposite sides of the chamber insulating tube 13.
  • the one-way valves 14 are configured for allowing the arc-extinguishing gas to escape from the chamber insulating tube 13 and on an opposite radial site the one-way valves 14 are configured for allowing the arc-extinguishing gas to enter the chamber insulating tube 13.
  • the one-way valves 14 are arranged at four distant locations each close to margins of the chamber insulating tube 13, whereas each one-way valve 14 comprises multiple turns. Escape one-way valves 14 and enter one-way valves 14 are arranged 180° distant to each other so that gas can travel in a radial manner through the chamber insulating tube 13. In Fig. 2b the one-way valves 14 comprise only one turn. As the one-way valves 14 are arranged at diagonally opposite sides close to margins of the chamber insulating tube 13, gas can travel in a diagonal manner through the chamber insulating tube 13, entering through the bottom one-way valves 14 and leaving through the top one-way valves 14.
  • the one-way valves 14 can be firmly attached and/or integrated with the chamber insulating tube 13, of the chamber insulating tube 13 can be 3D printed along with the one-way valves 14.
  • the one-way valves 14 can be placed in selected locations and in a number that is suitable to provide efficient thermal convection for the gas and to provide sufficient volume that is required to be replaced within the chamber insulating tube 13 for efficient operation of the circuit breaker 1.
  • Fig. 3a shows an implementation where the plurality of one-way valves 14 are passed through the chamber insulating tube 13, arranged side-by-side along the complete radial extension of the chamber insulating tube 13.
  • One part is of the one-way valves 14 is arranged at one radial side and the other part of the one-way valves 14 is arranged at the opposite radial side of the insulating tube 13 so that the one-way valves 14 allow a gas flow in radial direction.
  • Fig. 3a shows an example case with one-way valves 14 placed all along the length of the chamber insulating tube 13, while the one-way valves 14 can be limited, for example, only in specific regions only in the left side with limited length and right side with limited length, with no one-way valves 14 placed in the centre to ensure that hot gas does not cause any gas electrical breakdown near the centre of the chamber insulating tube 13.
  • the one-way valves 14 may also be placed only in the top region, around 90° region, for example around the arc surface of -15° to +15° region, of the circular transverse cross section of the chamber insulating tube 13 and in the bottom region as 270° region, for example around the arc surface of -15° to +15° region, in particular with no one-way valves 14 at the side region i.e. at around 180° and 360°.
  • an arc surface length for the one-way valve 14 may be up to 30° on top and bottom of the chamber insulating tube 13.
  • the number of turn and the gas path inside the one-way valves 14 can be designed to concentrate gas release in the region that is most suitable, for example less interfering with electrical activities and thermally efficient.
  • the gas path inside the no one-way valves 14 can be angled to take in air from the centre of the chamber insulating tube 13 but release the gas either at the left side of the chamber insulating tube 13 or at the right side of the chamber insulating tube 13 using an inclined and/or angled path design for the turns designed in some of the one-way valves 14 integrated in the chamber insulating tube 13.
  • Fig. 4a shows another implementation with a plurality of one-way valves 14 connected in series one behind each other in an axially extending manner within chamber insulating tube 13, thereby allowing a gas flow in axial direction.
  • the one-way valves 14 may form part of a wall or the wall of the within chamber insulating tube 13 such that gas can flow from one margin of the within chamber insulating tube 13 to the opposite margin of the within chamber insulating tube 13.
  • Fig. 4a shows only one wall equipped with one-way valves 14, further walls with one-way valves 14 may be present e.g. opposite at 180°, or further at 90° and 270°.
  • FIG. 1 said figure shows four one-way valves 14, each two of them arranged at opposite radial sites in annular gaps between the first side shield 9 and the first side cylinder 10 and between the second side shield 11 and the second side cylinder 12, thereby allowing the arc-extinguishing gas to escape in axial direction.
  • Fig. 3b shows such an implementation in more detail, whereby one-way valves 14 are shown at opposite sides, while further one-way valves 14 can be incorporated or integrated all along the annular gaps between the first side shield 9 and the first side cylinder 10 and between the second side shield 11 and the second side cylinder 12 or at incorporated or integrated at specific locations, at 90° and 270°, for example.
  • Fig. 1 shows four one-way valves 14, each two of them arranged at opposite radial sites in annular gaps between the first side shield 9 and the first side cylinder 10 and between the second side shield 11 and the second side cylinder 12, thereby allowing the arc-extinguishing gas to escape in axial direction.
  • the first arcing contact 2 comprises as prolongation an exhaust tube 15 for the arc-extinguishing gas to escape from the arcing region 6.
  • the one-way valve 14 is provided within the exhaust tube 15, thereby allowing the arc-extinguishing gas to escape in axial direction.
  • the circuit breaker 1 further includes a nozzle 17 having a channel directed to the arcing region 6 respectively the arc 5.
  • the nozzle 17 serves as a blowhole for blowing the arc-extinguishing gas to the arcing region 6 during the breaking operation. Thereby, the arc 5 can be extinguished or quenched.
  • the nozzle 17 includes an insulating nozzle.
  • the arc-extinguishing gas for blowing out the arc 5 is provided in a volume upstream of an insulating nozzle.
  • the volume upstream of the insulating nozzle can be filled with a dielectric gas, such as in embodiments CO2, SF6 or SF6 and its known mixtures, such as N2 or CF4.
  • a dielectric gas such as in embodiments CO2, SF6 or SF6 and its known mixtures, such as N2 or CF4.
  • other insulating or arc-extinguishing gases are possible.
  • the insulating nozzle is arranged adjacent to the channel, in the axial direction to the nozzle 17.
  • a cross-sectional area of the insulating nozzle may increase in the axial direction away from the nozzle 17.
  • the insulating nozzle may form a diverging duct for the flow of the arc-extinguishing gas. Accordingly, the arc-extinguishing gas from the volume upstream of the insulating nozzle is transported from the arcing region 6 to a region downstream of the insulating nozzle.
  • the region downstream of the insulating nozzle includes a buffer volume provided directly downstream of the insulating nozzle.
  • the arc-extinguishing gas reaches the buffer volume.
  • the buffer volume is substantially surrounded by a second enclosure 11 circumferentially. That is to say, the second enclosure 11 can substantially delimit the radial extent of the buffer volume 10.
  • the term "buffer volume directly downstream of the insulating nozzle" as used herein can be understood as in direct fluid communication with the arcing region 6.
  • the circuit breaker 1 can include a gear system operatively coupled to at least one of the arcing contacts 2, 3 and the nozzle 17 for providing a translation along the switching axis. At least a portion of the gear system can be arranged at a supporting structure.
  • the circuit breaker 1 can be provided as a single motion circuit breaker. That is to say, only one of the arcing contacts 2, 3 is movable along the switching axis 4.
  • the circuit breaker can be a double motion circuit breaker. In other words, both of the first and the second arcing contacts 2, 3 are movable along the switching axis 4.
  • an arc-extinguishing system for extinguishing the arc 5 can be integrated in the volume upstream of the nozzle 17.
  • the arc-extinguishing system can have a pressurizing system (puffer system).
  • the pressurizing system can for example include a pressurizing chamber (puffer chamber) having a quenching gas contained therein.
  • the quenching gas can be a portion of the insulation gas contained in the housing volume (outer volume) of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the pressurizing chamber can be delimited by a chamber wall and a piston for compressing the quenching gas within the pressurizing chamber during the current breaking operation.
  • the piston moves jointly with the first arcing contact 2 so that the piston pressurizes the quenching gas within the pressurizing chamber when the first arcing contact 2 is moved away from the second arcing contact 3 for opening the circuit breaker 1.
  • the nozzle 17 can be adapted for blowing the pressurized quenching gas, e.g. the arc-extinguishing gas, from the volume upstream onto the arc 6 formed during the current breaking operation.
  • the nozzle 17 can include an inlet connected to the pressurizing chamber for receiving the pressurized quenching gas from the pressurizing chamber, and the nozzle 17 outlet to the arcing region 6.
  • the nozzle 17 is preferably made of an electrically insulating material, as for example, PTFE.
  • the nozzle 17 can comprise a ring portion attached at one of its ends. While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments and is defined by the appended claims.

Landscapes

  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1), umfassend:
    einen ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (2) und einen zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (3), wobei der erste Lichtbogenkontakt (2) und/oder der zweite Lichtbogenkontakt (3) axial entlang einer Schaltachse (4) bewegbar ist, wodurch während eines Ausschaltvorgangs ein Lichtbogen (5) zwischen dem ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (2) und dem zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (3) in einem Lichtbogenbereich (6) gebildet wird,
    einen ersten Nennkontakt (7), der den ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (2) in Umfangsrichtung umgibt, und einen zweiten Nennkontakt (8), der den zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (3) in Umfangsrichtung umgibt,
    eine erste Seitenabschirmung (9) und einen ersten Seitenzylinder (10), die den ersten Nennkontakt (7) in Umfangsrichtung umgeben, und eine zweite Seitenabschirmung (11) und einen zweiten Seitenzylinder (12), die den zweiten Nennkontakt (8) in Umfangsrichtung umgeben,
    eine Kammerisolierröhre (13), die die erste Seitenabschirmung (9) und die zweite Seitenabschirmung (11) in Umfangsrichtung um den Lichtbogenbereich (6) herum verbindet, gekennzeichnet durch
    mindestens ein Einwegventil (14), das dazu ausgelegt ist, während des Ausschaltvorgangs ein Lichtbogenlöschgas aus dem Lichtbogenbereich (6) entweichen und/oder in die Kammerisolierröhre (13) eintreten zu lassen.
  2. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14) als Tesla-Ventil ausgebildet ist, vorzugsweise eine Vielzahl von Windungen umfassend, besonders bevorzugt parallel und/oder in Reihe geschaltet.
  3. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14), die erste Seitenabschirmung (9) und der erste Seitenzylinder (10) als ein Stück 3D-gedruckt sind oder das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14), die zweite Seitenabschirmung (11) und der zweite Seitenzylinder (12) als ein Stück 3D-gedruckt sind.
  4. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14) und die Kammerisolierröhre (13) als ein Stück 3D-gedruckt sind.
  5. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1, 2 oder 4, wobei das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14) und die erste Seitenabschirmung (9), der erste Seitenzylinder (10), die zweite Seitenabschirmung (11), der zweite Seitenzylinder (12) und/oder die Kammerisolierröhre (13) als ein Stück 3D-gedruckt sind.
  6. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14) zwischen der ersten Seitenabschirmung (9) und dem ersten Seitenzylinder (10), zwischen der zweiten Seitenabschirmung (11) und dem zweiten Seitenzylinder (12) angeordnet und/oder durch den ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (2) hindurchgeführt ist und dazu ausgelegt ist, das Lichtbogenlöschgas aus dem Lichtbogenbereich (6) entweichen zu lassen.
  7. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14) durch die Kammerisolierröhre (13), die erste Seitenabschirmung (9) und/oder die zweite Seitenabschirmung (10) hindurchgeführt ist und dazu ausgelegt ist, das Lichtbogenlöschgas in die Kammerisolierröhre (13) eintreten zu lassen.
  8. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, umfassend mindestens zwei Einwegventile (14), die an gegenüberliegenden und vorzugsweise diagonal gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Kammerisolierröhre (13) angeordnet sind, wobei ein Teil der Einwegventile (14) dazu ausgelegt ist, das Gas aus der Kammerisolierröhre (13) entweichen zu lassen, und ein anderer Teil der Einwegventile (14) dazu ausgelegt ist, das Gas in die Kammerisolierröhre (13) eintreten zu lassen.
  9. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß einem der zwei vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Vielzahl von Einwegventilen (14) mindestens durch die Kammerisolierröhre (13) hindurchgeführt sind und insbesondere nebeneinander angeordnet sind.
  10. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß einem der zwei vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der erste Lichtbogenkontakt (2) als Verlängerung ein Auslassrohr (15) für das Entweichen des Lichtbogenlöschgases umfasst und wobei das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14) innerhalb des Auslassrohrs (15) vorgesehen ist.
  11. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend eine Vielzahl von Einwegventilen (14), die in axialer Richtung in einer Kammerisolierröhre (13) in Reihe geschaltet sind.
  12. Gasisolierter Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter (1) gemäß einem der zwei vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend einen Pufferzylinder (16), der einen auf den Lichtbogenbereich (6) gerichteten Kanal und/oder eine Düse (17) aufweist, um während des Ausschaltvorgangs das Lichtbogenlöschgas in den Lichtbogenbereich (6) zu blasen.
  13. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gasisolierten Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsleistungsschalters (1), wobei der Leistungsschalter (1) umfasst:
    einen ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (2) und einen zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (3), wobei der erste Lichtbogenkontakt (2) und/oder der zweite Lichtbogenkontakt (3) axial entlang einer Schaltachse (4) bewegbar ist, wodurch während eines Ausschaltvorgangs ein Lichtbogen (5) zwischen dem ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (2) und dem zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (3) in einem Lichtbogenbereich (6) gebildet wird,
    einen ersten Nennkontakt (7), der den ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (2) in Umfangsrichtung umgibt, und einen zweiten Nennkontakt (8), der den zweiten Lichtbogenkontakt (3) in Umfangsrichtung umgibt,
    eine erste Seitenabschirmung (9) und einen ersten Seitenzylinder (10), die den ersten Nennkontakt (7) in Umfangsrichtung umgeben, und eine zweite Seitenabschirmung (11) und einen zweiten Seitenzylinder (12), die den zweiten Nennkontakt (8) in Umfangsrichtung umgeben, und
    eine Kammerisolierröhre (13), die die erste Seitenabschirmung (9) und die zweite Seitenabschirmung (11) in Umfangsrichtung um den Lichtbogenbereich (6) herum verbindet, und gekennzeichnet durch das Verfahren umfassend den Leistungsschalter (1) und den folgenden Schritt:
    Installieren des mindestens einen Einwegventils (14) zwischen der ersten Seitenabschirmung (9) und dem ersten Seitenzylinder (10), zwischen der zweiten Seitenabschirmung (11) und dem zweiten Seitenzylinder (12) und/oder in der Kammerisolierröhre (13), um während des Ausschaltvorgangs ein Lichtbogenlöschgas aus dem Lichtbogenbereich (6) entweichen und/oder in die Kammerisolierröhre (13) eintreten zu lassen.
  14. Verfahren gemäß dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, umfassend den Schritt:
    3D-Drucken des mindestens einen Einwegventils (14); und
    Installieren des mindestens einen 3D-gedruckten Einwegventils (14) zwischen der ersten Seitenabschirmung (9) und dem ersten Seitenzylinder (10), zwischen der zweiten Seitenabschirmung (11) und dem zweiten Seitenzylinder (12) und/oder durch den ersten Lichtbogenkontakt (2) hindurch, um das Lichtbogenlöschgas aus dem Lichtbogenbereich (6) entweichen zu lassen; und/oder
    Installieren des mindestens einen 3D-gedruckten Einwegventils (14) durch die Kammerisolierröhre (13), die erste Seitenabschirmung (9) und/oder die zweite Seitenabschirmung (10) hindurch, um das Lichtbogenlöschgas in die Kammerisolierröhre (13) eintreten zu lassen.
  15. Verfahren gemäß dem vorhergehenden Anspruch 13 oder 14, umfassend den Schritt:
    3D-Drucken der ersten Seitenabschirmung (9), des ersten Seitenzylinders (10) und des mindestens einen Einwegventils (14) als ein Stück, wobei das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14) zwischen der ersten Seitenabschirmung (9) und dem ersten Seitenzylinder (10) installiert wird;
    3D-Drucken der zweiten Seitenabschirmung (11), des zweiten Seitenzylinders (12) und des mindestens einen Einwegventils (14) als ein Stück, wobei das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14) zwischen der ersten Seitenabschirmung (9) und dem ersten Seitenzylinder (10) installiert wird; und/oder
    3D-Drucken der Kammerisolierröhre (13) und des mindestens einen Einwegventils (14) als ein Stück, wobei das mindestens eine Einwegventil (14) durch die Kammerisolierröhre (13) hindurchgeführt ist.
EP21187695.8A 2021-07-26 2021-07-26 Gasisolierter hoch- oder mittelspannungsleistungsschalter Active EP4125108B1 (de)

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JP2022108069A JP2023017709A (ja) 2021-07-26 2022-07-05 ガス絶縁高電圧または中電圧回路遮断器

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3087578B1 (de) * 2013-12-23 2018-02-28 ABB Schweiz AG Elektrischer schalter

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1548780B1 (de) * 2003-12-22 2008-03-05 ABB Technology AG Löschkammer und Hochleistungsschalter mit starker Lichtbogenbeblasung
DE502005009041D1 (de) * 2005-09-26 2010-04-01 Abb Technology Ag Hochspannungsschalter mit verbesserter Schaltleistung

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3087578B1 (de) * 2013-12-23 2018-02-28 ABB Schweiz AG Elektrischer schalter

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