EP3477675B1 - Gasisolierter mittelspannungsschalter mit abschirmvorrichtung - Google Patents

Gasisolierter mittelspannungsschalter mit abschirmvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3477675B1
EP3477675B1 EP17199202.7A EP17199202A EP3477675B1 EP 3477675 B1 EP3477675 B1 EP 3477675B1 EP 17199202 A EP17199202 A EP 17199202A EP 3477675 B1 EP3477675 B1 EP 3477675B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact element
switch
shield
contact
nominal
Prior art date
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EP17199202.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3477675A1 (de
Inventor
Erik Jonsson
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP17199202.7A priority Critical patent/EP3477675B1/de
Priority to ES17199202T priority patent/ES2913627T3/es
Priority to CN201880065053.8A priority patent/CN112074923B/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2018/078665 priority patent/WO2019086268A1/en
Publication of EP3477675A1 publication Critical patent/EP3477675A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3477675B1 publication Critical patent/EP3477675B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7038—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by a conducting tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/38—Plug-and-socket contacts
    • H01H1/385—Contact arrangements for high voltage gas blast circuit breakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/904—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism characterised by the transmission between operating mechanism and piston or movable contact

Definitions

  • aspects of the present invention generally relate to a gas-insulated medium-voltage switch with the capability to suppress arc re-ignition, to a distribution network, Ring Main Unit, or secondary distribution gas-insulated switchgear having such a switch, and to a method of breaking a current using the switch.
  • a gas-insulated switch includes electrically insulating gas within its enclosure.
  • Gas-insulated medium-voltage switches are used in a variety of settings such as in a distribution networks, Ring Main Units, or secondary distribution gas-insulated switchgear.
  • the switch When switching a current, the switch is opened by relative movement of the contacts (plug and pipe) away from each other, whereby an arc can form between the separating contacts.
  • an arc-extinguishing system In order to extinguish an arc generated in a current breaking operation, some types of switches are equipped with an arc-extinguishing system.
  • an arc-extinguishing system operates by releasing a quenching gas towards the arc for cooling down and finally extinguishing the arc.
  • low cost and reliability of operation are two main factors for medium-voltage switches. Therefore, it is generally desired to use simple and cost-efficient components for each part of the switch. In particular, a design enabling a low-cost drive of the switch is generally favoured. Further, one aspect affecting reliability of operation is that the heating of the electrically insulating gas caused by the extinguishing of the arc changes the dielectric properties of the heated gas which accumulates in the region around the two contacts. Thereby, the risk of unwanted arc re-ignition or other discharges during or after arc extinction may increase.
  • US 2012/0280772 describes an electric current switching apparatus having a fixed-side electrode unit and a movable-side electrode unit that are arranged to align central axes thereof with each other and to face each other.
  • a movable contact provided in the movable-side electrode unit reciprocates on the central axis to contact or separate from a fixed-side contact provided in the fixed-side electrode unit, thereby switching electric current flowing through these electrode units.
  • the electric current switching apparatus also includes a plurality of permanent magnets that are provided in at least one of the fixed-side electrode unit and the movable-side electrode unit, that have bodies arranged on the central axis to align magnetizing directions thereof with the central axis, and that are arranged to cause same poles of adjacent ones of the permanent magnets to face each other as if butting with each other.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an improved gas-insulated medium-voltage switch, which allows for reliable operation while still maintaining at least to some extent a relatively low-cost and compact design.
  • a gas-insulated medium-voltage switch according to claim 1 and a method of performing a current breaking operation according to claim 13 are provided.
  • a gas-insulated medium-voltage switch comprising a first contact element having an arcing contact surface and a nominal contact surface, wherein the first contact element is movable along an axis of the switch for opening and closing the switch, a second contact element configured to make contact with the first contact element for closing the switch, and a shield, wherein the shield and the first contact element are movable relative to each other along the axis between an exposing configuration and a shielding configuration, such that the shield and the first contact element are in the exposing configuration when the switch is in a closed state and in the shielding configuration during opening of the switch, wherein in the exposing configuration, the shield and the first contact element are arranged to expose the nominal contact surface to the second contact element, and in the shielding configuration, the shield and the first contact element are arranged to shield the nominal contact surface of the first contact element from the second contact element, and wherein the shield is configured to be moved during a current breaking operation along the axis of the switch between the
  • a method of performing a current breaking operation by a switch comprising a first contact element moveable along an axis of the switch for opening and closing the switch, a second contact element and a shield, the first contact element having an arcing contact surface defining an arcing region and a nominal contact surface, wherein the shield and the first contact element are movable relative to each other along an axis.
  • the method comprises separating the first contact element from the second contact element by relative movement away from each other along the axis of the switch so that an arc is formed in the arcing region, and moving the first contact element and the shield relative to each other from an exposing configuration wherein the nominal contact surface is exposed to the second contact element to a shielding configuration wherein the nominal contact surface is shielded from the second contact element and moving the shield along the axis of the switch between the exposing configuration and the shielding configuration.
  • the switch is a load break switch.
  • a load break switch has a capability to switch load currents, but does not have a short-circuit switching capability.
  • the load current is also referred to as the rated current or nominal current of the switch, and is up to 2000 A, preferably up to 1250 A, more preferably up to 1000 A. Currents in this range are typical rated currents used in distribution networks, ring main units, and secondary distribution gas-insulated switch.
  • the rated currents may on the other hand be more than 1 A, more preferably more than 100 A, more preferably more than 400 A. In case of an AC load breaker, the rated current is herein indicated in terms of the rms current.
  • a medium voltage is defined as a voltage in the range of 1 kV to 72 kV.
  • the medium-voltage switch therefore has a rated voltage of at most 72 kV.
  • the rated voltage may, in particular, be at most 52 kV, or preferred at most 36 kV, or more preferred at most 24 kV, or most preferred at most 12 kV.
  • Embodiments of the invention enable a current breaking operation to be performed with reduced occurrence of a re-ignition of an arc, especially between the nominal contacts of the switch, compared with a conventional design, and thus enable a more reliable operation.
  • Such embodiments are especially advantageous for thermally interrupting the load currents for a wide range of possible load break scenarios and environmental conditions. Also, such embodiments are especially suitable for an alternative quenching gas as mentioned herein.
  • Figs. 1A-1D show a cross-sectional view of a load break switch 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1A shows the switch in a closed state
  • Fig. 1B shows the switch during a current breaking operation in an opening state
  • Fig. 1C shows the switch in an opened state
  • Fig. ID shows the switch in a closing state.
  • the switch 1 has a gas-tight housing 5 whose inner volume is filled with an electrically insulating gas at an ambient pressure po.
  • the first contact element 10 is a movable pipe-type contact
  • the second contact element 20 is a stationary pin-type contact
  • the first contact element 10 has an arcing contact surface 11 and a nominal contact surface 12.
  • the switch 1 further includes a shield 50.
  • the shield 50 may have a flat disc shape extending radially outwards from the axis 6 of the switch 1 such that the shield 50 divides the inner volume of the housing 5 into a first region 3 and a second region 4.
  • the shield 50 further includes an opening at its center for surrounding the first contact element 10, such that the inner surface of the opening is in sliding contact with the nominal contact surface 12 of the first contact element 10.
  • the shield 50 is moveable in the direction of the axis 6 of the switch 1 relative to the first contact element 10 and/or the housing 5.
  • a friction element 52 provided on shield 50 is in frictional contact with the inner surface of housing 5 such that the shield 50 requires a moving force which is larger in magnitude than the moving force for moving the first contact element 10.
  • the friction element 52 may include a seal, for example a rubber O-ring, so that the electrically insulating gas in the first region 3 may not flow between the shield 50 and the inner surface of housing 5 into the second region 4.
  • the shield 50 may include a plurality of openings 51. Opening 51 are to be positioned closer to the periphery of the shield 50 in a region close to the housing 5, particularly opening 51 should be positioned away from the first contact element 10 to avoid an arc re-igniting between the nominal contact surface 12 and the second contact element 20 through opening 51.
  • the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 may be configured to be in one of two configurations. As shown in Figs. 1A and 1D , the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 may be considered to be in an exposed configuration when the first contact element 10 is extended outward from shield 50 such that the nominal contact surface 12 is exposed to the second contact element 20. In the exposed configuration, the nominal contact surface 12 can make contact with the second contact element 20 so that electrical current may flow through the switch 1.
  • the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 may be considered to be in a shielding configuration when the first contact element 10 is retracted behind shield 50 such that the nominal contact surface 12 is shielded from the second contact element 20.
  • the communication between the nominal contact surface 12 and the second contact element 20 via the electrically insulating gas is substantially restricted. Restricting the exposure of the nominal contact surface 12 to the second contact element 20 greatly reduces the occurrence of re-ignition of an arc between the nominal contact surface 12 and the second contact element 20.
  • shielding is understood as a mechanical shielding, i.e., a mechanical (preferably insulating) shield is provided in a space that would otherwise be prone to arcing and/or electrical discharge between conductors on opposite sides of that space.
  • the first contact element 10 may further include at least a first contact actuating element 14, and the shield 50 may further include at least a shield actuating element 53.
  • the first actuating element 14 and shield actuating element 53 define a mechanical limit or stop with respect to the amount of relative movement of the first contact element 10 and the shield 50. At the limit of relative movement, the first actuating element 14 engages the shield actuating element 53 such that any further movement of the first contact element 10 causes the shield 50 to move.
  • the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 are moved relative to the second contact element 20.
  • a first opening movement is performed wherein the first contact element 10 is separated from the second contact element 20 and retracted into the shield 50.
  • the shield 50 remains stationary with respect to the second contact element 20 and the housing 5, due to the friction element 52.
  • the first contact element 10 is moved along the axis 6 of the switch 1 until the first contact actuating element 14 engages with the shield actuating element 53.
  • the first contact element 10 separates from the second contact element 20. Thereby, an arc is formed between the second contact element 20 and the arcing contact surface 11 in the arcing region 31. Further, the nominal contact surface 12 of the first contact element 10 is moved behind the shield 50 such that the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 are in the shielding configuration. At the end of the first opening movement, the first actuating element 14 engages the shield actuating element 53 as shown in Fig. 1B .
  • a second opening movement is performed wherein the first contact element 10 continues to be moved along the axis 6 of the switch in a direction away from the second contact element 20.
  • the electrically insulating gas in the second region 4 may flow through the opening 51 into the first region 3 such that the gas pressure is equalized. Movement of the first contact 10 continues until the switch is completely opened, as shown in Fig. 1C . Insulating gas in the second region is heated by the extinguishing of the arc formed in the arcing region 31. The nominal contact surface 12 continues to be shielded from the second contact element 20 by the shield 50, thereby suppressing the re-ignition of an arc between the nominal contact surface 12 and the second contact element 20 despite the modified dielectric properties of the accumulating heated insulating gas in the second region 4.
  • the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 are moved relative to the second contact element 20.
  • a first closing movement is performed wherein the first contact element 10 is moved along the axis 6 of the switch 1, 2 towards the second contact element 20.
  • the shield 50 due to the friction element 52, remains in a stationary position relative to the second contact element 20.
  • the first contact element 10 is moved along the axis 6 of the switch 1, 2 until the first contact actuating element 14 engages with the shield 50.
  • the relative movement of the first contact element 10 causes the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 to move from the shielded configuration to the exposed configuration, wherein the nominal contact surface 12 is moved from behind the shield 50 to be exposed to the second contact element 20.
  • the first actuating element 14 engages the shield 50 as shown in Fig. ID.
  • a second closing movement is performed wherein the first contact element 10 continues to be moved along the axis 6 of the switch in a direction towards the second contact element 20.
  • First actuating element 14, engaged with the shield 50, causes the shield 50 to move along the axis 6 of the switch 1 with the first contact element 10.
  • the electrically insulating gas in the first region 3 may flow through the opening 51 into the second region 4 such that the gas pressure is equalized. Movement of the first contact 10 continues until the switch is completely closed, as shown in Fig. 1A .
  • the nominal contact surface 12 continues to be exposed to the second contact element 20 by the shield 50, thereby allowing an electrical connection to be made between the nominal contact surface 12 and the second contact element 20.
  • the first contact element 10 may include an insulating tip 13 at a distal axial position relative to the nominal contact surface 12.
  • the insulating tip 13 may include an electrically non-conductive material.
  • the insulating tip 13 When the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 are in a shielding configuration, the insulating tip 13 may be positioned such that the opening in the center of the shield 50 is in sliding contact with the outer surface of the insulating tip 13.
  • the insulating tip 13 may have a tube shape such that, when the switch is in a closed state, the second contact element 20 may protrude through the insulating tip 13 and make electrical contact with the first contact element 10.
  • the first contact element 10 may have a tube shape.
  • the arcing contact surface 11 is the inner surface of the tube-shaped first contact element 10
  • the nominal contact surface 12 is the outer surface of the tube-shaped first contact element 10.
  • the second contact element 20 may have a pin shape such that the pin-shaped second contact element 20 is configured to be inserted into the tube-shaped first contact element 10 when the switch is in a closed state.
  • the switch 2 may further include a gas pressurization system for actively extinguishing the arc formed in the arcing region 31.
  • the switch 2 further includes a piston 30 for pressurizing a quenching gas during the current breaking operation, wherein the piston is configured to compress the quenching gas, the compressed gas blowing through the inside of the first contact element 10 and the insulating tip 13 in an axial direction towards the second contact element 20 to extinguish the arc formed in the arcing region 31.
  • a piston 30 for pressurizing a quenching gas during the current breaking operation, wherein the piston is configured to compress the quenching gas, the compressed gas blowing through the inside of the first contact element 10 and the insulating tip 13 in an axial direction towards the second contact element 20 to extinguish the arc formed in the arcing region 31.
  • Integrated in the first contact 10 is an arc-extinguishing system for extinguishing the arc.
  • the arc-extinguishing system has a pressurizing system (puffer system) and a nozzle including the tube-shaped first contact element 10 and the insulating tip 13.
  • the pressurizing system includes the first region 3 having a quenching gas contained therein.
  • the quenching gas is a portion of the electrically insulating gas contained in the housing 5 of the switch.
  • a pressurizing chamber is delimited by the housing 5 and a piston 30 for compressing the quenching gas within the first region 3 during the current breaking operation.
  • the piston 30 moves jointly with the first contact element 10 so that the piston 30 pressurizes the quenching gas within the pressurizing chamber when the first contact element 10 is moved away from the second contact 20 for opening the switch, as shown in Figs. 2B and 2C .
  • the energy for pressurizing the quenching gas is ultimately provided by the drive driving the first contact element 10.
  • the nozzle including the tube-shaped first contact element 10 and the insulating tip 13 is adapted for blowing the pressurized quenching gas from the pressurization system onto the arc formed in the arcing region 31 during the current breaking operation.
  • the nozzle has at least a nozzle inlet 15 connected to the first region 3 for receiving the pressurized quenching gas from the first region 3, and a nozzle outlet to the second region 4 via the arcing region 31.
  • the pressurizing system and the nozzle including the tube-shaped first contact element 10 and the insulating tip 13 are dimensioned such that the flow of the quenching gas is subsonic.
  • This subsonic flow amounts to a relatively low quenching pressure p quench in the pressurizing chamber (p quench ⁇ 1,8 ⁇ p 0 , as defined herein), and therefore imposes only modest requirements on the drive of the switch.
  • the piston 30 may have a flat disc shape extending radially outwards from the axis 6 of the switch 1 such that the piston 30 and the shield 50 divide the inner volume of the housing 5 into a first region 3 and a second region 4.
  • the piston 30 is fixed at its center to the first contact element 10, such that the piston 30 moves with the first contact element 10.
  • the shield 50 further includes a shield skirt portion 54 which extends in the direction away from the second contact element 20 parallel to the housing 5 and including the shield actuating element 53.
  • the outer surface of the piston 30 is in sliding contact with the shield skirt portion 54 of the shield 50 such that the first contact element 10 can freely move relative to the shield 50.
  • the volume of the region between the piston 30 and the shield 50 will change. At least an opening 51 in shield 50 allows for electrically insulating gas to flow from the second region 3 to the region between the piston 30 and the shield 50, such that gas pressure is equalized between the two regions. Since the movement of the piston 30 relative to the shield 50 occurs substantially before the separation of the first contact element 10 and the second contact element 20, and before the formation of an arc in the arcing region 31, the insulating gas drawn into the region between the piston 30 and the shield 50 is in a state which is substantially unheated by the extinguishing of the arc.
  • the insulating gas in the region between the piston 30 and the shield 50 particularly the insulating gas surrounding the nominal contact surface 12 when in the shielding configuration, has not undergone a significant change in dielectric properties due to the extinguishing of the arc, further suppressing the re-ignition of an arc between the nominal contact surface 12 and the second contact element 20.
  • the piston 30 is configured to engage with the shield actuating element 53 for moving the shield 50.
  • the piston 30 and shield actuating element 53 define a mechanical limit or stop with respect to the amount of relative movement of the first contact element 10 and the shield 50. At the limit of relative movement, the piston 30 engages the shield actuating element 53 such that any further movement of the first contact element 10 causes the shield 50 to move.
  • the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 are moved relative to the second contact element 20.
  • a first opening movement is performed wherein the first contact element 10 is separated from the second contact element 20 and retracted into the shield 50.
  • the shield 50 remains stationary with respect to the second contact element 20 and the housing 5, due to the friction element 52.
  • the first contact element 10 is moved along the axis 6 of the switch 1 until the piston 30 engages with the shield actuating element 53.
  • the first contact element 10 separates from the second contact element 20. Thereby, an arc is formed between the second contact element 20 and the arcing contact surface 11 in the arcing region 31. Further, the nominal contact surface 12 of the first contact element 10 is moved behind the shield 50 such that the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 are in the shielding configuration. At the end of the first opening movement, the piston 30 engages the shield actuating element 53 as shown in Fig. 2B .
  • the electrically insulating gas in the second region 4 may flow through the opening 51 into the region between the piston 30 and the shield 50 such that the gas pressure is equalized.
  • a second opening movement is performed wherein the first contact element 10 continues to be moved along the axis 6 of the switch in a direction away from the second contact element 20.
  • Movement of the first contact 10 continues until the switch is completely opened, as shown in Fig. 1C .
  • the arc formed in the arcing region 31 is extinguished by the pressurized quenching gas being forced through the nozzle including the tube-shaped first contact element 10 and the insulating tip 13.
  • the nominal contact surface 12 continues to be shielded from the second contact element 20 by the shield 50, thereby suppressing the re-ignition of an arc between the nominal contact surface 12 and the second contact element 20 despite the modified dielectric properties of the accumulating heated insulating gas in the second region 4.
  • the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 are moved relative to the second contact element 20.
  • a first closing movement is performed wherein the first contact element 10 is moved along the axis 6 of the switch 2 towards the second contact element 20.
  • the shield 50 due to the friction element 52, remains in a stationary position relative to the second contact element 20.
  • the first contact element 10 is moved along the axis 6 of the switch 2 until the first contact actuating element 14 engages with the shield 50.
  • the electrically insulating gas in the region between the piston 30 and the shield 50 may flow through the opening 51 into the second region 4 such that the gas pressure is equalized.
  • the relative movement of the first contact element 10 causes the first contact element 10 and the shield 50 to move from the shielded configuration to the exposed configuration, wherein the nominal contact surface 12 is moved from behind the shield 50 to be exposed to the second contact element 20.
  • the first actuating element 14 engages the shield 50 as shown in Fig. 2D .
  • a second closing movement is performed wherein the first contact element 10 continues to be moved along the axis 6 of the switch in a direction towards the second contact element 20.
  • First actuating element 14, engaged with the shield 50, causes the shield 50 to move along the axis 6 of the switch 2 with the first contact element 10.
  • Movement of the first contact 10 continues until the switch is completely closed, as shown in Fig. 1A .
  • the nominal contact surface 12 continues to be exposed to the second contact element 20 by the shield 50, thereby allowing an electrical connection to be made between the nominal contact surface 12 and the second contact element 20.
  • the switch 2 may further include at least a gas outlet 32 for exhausting quenching gas from inside the housing 5 to outside the housing 5.
  • the gas outlet 32 is positioned in the housing 5 in the second region 4, and is configured to vent a portion of the quenching gas from inside the housing 5.
  • the quenching gas is heated and expands in the second region 4, which may allow a portion of the heated quenching gas to flow through the openings 51 in the shield 50. Venting this heated quenching gas reduces the effect of the change in dielectric properties of the quenching gas during a current break operation to further suppress the re-ignition of an arc between the nominal contact surface 12 and the second contact element 20.
  • the load break switch 1, 2 is of single-motion type.
  • the first contact element 10 is a movable contact and can be moved along the axis 6 away from the second contact element 20 for opening the switch.
  • the second contact element 20 may be stationary, for example, fixed to the housing 5.
  • the first contact element 10 is driven by a drive.
  • the first contact element 10 and second contact element 20 have a maximum contact separation of up to 150 mm, preferably up to 110 mm, and/or of at least 10 mm, and preferably of 25 to 75 mm.
  • the housing 5 has a (radial) diameter of 40 to 80 mm, and/or a maximum (axial) length of 40 to 200 mm.
  • the pressurizing system may be configured for pressurizing the quenching gas during the current breaking operation to a quenching pressure p quench ⁇ 1,8 ⁇ p 0 , where po is the ambient (equilibrium) pressure of the insulation gas in the bulk volume 6 of the housing, and p quench is the (maximum overall) pressure of the pressurized insulation gas, also referred to as quenching gas, in the pressurizing chamber during the current breaking operation.
  • This condition on the quenching pressure ensures that the flow of quenching gas is subsonic, and at the same time limits the requirement of the drive which usually delivers the work of pressurizing the quenching gas.
  • the quenching pressure satisfies p quench ⁇ 1,5 ⁇ p 0 or p quench ⁇ 1,3 ⁇ p 0 or even p quench ⁇ 1,1 ⁇ p 0 .
  • the quenching pressure preferably satisfies p quench > 1,01 ⁇ p 0 , so that the pressure buid-up is sufficient for extinguishing the arc.
  • the quenching pressure satisfies p quench ⁇ p 0 + 800 mbar, preferably p quench ⁇ po + 500 mbar, more preferably p quench ⁇ po + 300 mbar, and even more preferably p quench ⁇ po + 100 mbar.
  • the quenching pressure preferably satisfies p quench > p 0 + 10 mbar.
  • a pressure difference meeting at least one of these conditions allows not only for subsonic flow pattern of the quenching gas but also keeps low the requirements, and hence the cost, of the drive of the switch. These limits nevertheless still allow for reasonable arc extinguishing properties within the ratings of a medium-voltage load break switch.
  • the electrically insulating gas may include SF6.
  • SF6 has excellent dielectric and arc quenching properties, and has therefore been conventionally used in gas-insulated switchgear.
  • due to its high global warming potential there have been large efforts to reduce the emission and eventually stop the usage of such greenhouse gases, and thus to find alternative gases by which SF6 may be replaced.
  • the present configuration allows the use of an alternative gas (e.g., as described in WO2014154292 A1 ) having a global warming potential lower than the one of SF6 in a load break switch, even if the alternative gas does not fully match the interruption performance of SF6.
  • an alternative gas e.g., as described in WO2014154292 A1
  • the electrically insulating gas preferably has a global warming potential lower than the one of SF6 over an interval of 100 years.
  • the insulation gas may for example comprise at least one background gas component selected from the group consisting of CO 2 , O 2 , N 2 , H 2 , air, N 2 O, in a mixture with a hydrocarbon or an organofluorine compound.
  • the dielectric insulating medium may comprise dry air or technical air.
  • the dielectric insulating medium may in particular comprise an organofluorine compound selected from the group consisting of: a fluoroether, an oxirane, a fluoramine, a fluoroketone, a fluoroolefin, a fluoronitrile, and mixtures and/or decomposition products thereof.
  • the insulation gas may comprise as a hydrocarbon at least CH 4 , a perfluorinated and/or partially hydrogenated organofluorine compound, and mixtures thereof.
  • the organofluorine compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of: a fluorocarbon, a fluoroether, a fluoroamine, a fluoronitrile, and a fluoroketone; and preferably is a fluoroketone and/or a fluoroether, more preferably a perfluoroketone and/or a hydrofluoroether, more preferably a perfluoroketone having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and even more preferably a perfluoroketone having 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
  • the insulation gas preferably comprises the fluoroketone mixed with air or an air component such as N 2 , O 2 , and/or CO 2 .
  • the fluoronitrile mentioned above is a perfluoronitrile, in particular a perfluoronitrile containing two carbon atoms, and/or three carbon atoms, and/or four carbon atoms. More particularly, the fluoronitrile can be a perfluoroalkylnitrile, specifically perfluoro-acetonitrile, perfluoropropionitrile (C 2 F 5 CN) and/or perfluorobutyronitrile (C 3 F 7 CN).
  • the fluoronitrile can be perfluoroisobutyronitrile (according to formula (CF 3 ) 2 CFCN) and/or perfluoro-2-methoxypropanenitrile (according to formula CF 3 CF(OCF 3 )CN).
  • perfluoroisobutyronitrile is particularly preferred due to its low toxicity.
  • the switch may further include other parts such as a drive, a controller, and the like, which may have been omitted in the Figures and are not described herein. These parts are provided in analog to a conventional medium-voltage load break switch.
  • the load break switch may be used as a medium-voltage load break switch. This includes the use as a disconnector in a setting in which an arc cannot be excluded, and/or as a switch-fuse combination switch.
  • the load break switch may be provided as a part of a gas-insulated ring main unit.
  • a distribution network, Ring Main Unit, or secondary distribution gas-insulated switchgear is provided, having a load break switch as described herein.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Gasisolierter Mittelspannungsschalter (1, 2), umfassend:
    - ein erstes Kontaktelement (10), das eine Lichtbogenkontaktfläche (11) und eine Nennkontaktfläche (12) aufweist, wobei das erste Kontaktelement (10) entlang einer Achse (6) des Schalters (1, 2) zum Öffnen und Schließen des Schalters (1, 2) beweglich ist;
    - ein zweites Kontaktelement (20), das dazu ausgelegt ist, einen Kontakt mit dem ersten Kontaktelement (10) zum Schließen des Schalters (1, 2) herzustellen; und
    - eine Abschirmung (50),
    wobei die Abschirmung (50) und das erste Kontaktelement (10) relativ zueinander entlang der Achse (6) zwischen einer Freilegungsauslegung und einer Abschirmungsauslegung beweglich sind, so dass sich die Abschirmung (50) und das erste Kontaktelement (10) in der Freilegungsauslegung befinden, wenn sich der Schalter (1, 2) in einem geschlossenen Zustand befindet, und während eines Öffnens des Schalters (1, 2) in der Abschirmungsauslegung befinden,
    wobei in der Freilegungsauslegung die Abschirmung (50) und das erste Kontaktelement (10) dazu ausgestaltet sind, die Nennkontaktfläche (12) zu dem zweiten Kontaktelement (20) freizulegen, und in der Abschirmungsauslegung die Abschirmung (50) und das erste Kontaktelement (10) dazu ausgestaltet sind, die Nennkontaktfläche (12) des ersten Kontaktelements (10) von dem zweiten Kontaktelement (20) abzuschirmen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abschirmung (50) dazu ausgelegt ist, während eines Stromabschaltungsvorgangs entlang der Achse (6) des Schalters (1, 2) zwischen der Freilegungsauslegung und der Abschirmungsauslegung bewegt zu werden.
  2. Schalter (1, 2) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das erste Kontaktelement (10) eine Isolierungsspitze (13) an einer distalen axialen Position relativ zu der Nennkontaktfläche (12) umfasst.
  3. Schalter (1, 2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, wobei die Abschirmung (50) einen ersten Bereich (3) und einen zweiten Bereich (4) eines Gehäuses (5) definiert, und wobei die Abschirmung (50) ferner mindestens eine Öffnung (51) umfasst, die näher zu dem Umfang der Abschirmung (50) als die Achse (6) des Schalters (1, 2) positioniert ist, um einen Druck zwischen dem ersten Bereich (3) und dem zweiten Bereich (4) auszugleichen.
  4. Schalter (1, 2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Abschirmung (50) ein Reibungselement (52) umfasst, das zwischen der Abschirmung (50) und dem Gehäuse (5) positioniert ist.
  5. Schalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Abschirmung (50) mindestens ein Abschirmungsbetätigungselement (53) umfasst und das erste Kontaktelement (10) mindestens ein erstes Kontaktbetätigungselement (14) umfasst, wobei das Abschirmungsbetätigungselement (53) mit mindestens einem des ersten Kontaktelements (10) und des ersten Kontaktbetätigungselements (14) in Eingriff kommt, um die Abschirmung (50) zu bewegen.
  6. Schalter (1, 2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das erste Kontaktelement (10) eine Röhre bildet, das zweite Kontaktelement (20) einen Stift bildet, die ersten und zweiten Kontaktelemente einen Lichtbogenbereich (31) bilden und das zweiten Kontaktelement (20) dazu ausgelegt ist, sich in das erste Kontaktelement (10) einzuschieben, wenn sich der Schalter (1, 2) in einem geschlossenen Zustand befindet, wobei die Lichtbogenkontaktfläche (11) eine Innenfläche der Röhre ist und die Nennkontaktfläche (12) ein Außenflächenabschnitt der Röhre ist, wobei sich die Abschirmung (50) von der Nennkontaktfläche (12) in einer radialen Richtung nach außen erstreckt und sich eine Innenfläche der Abschirmung (50) in gleitendem Kontakt mit der Nennkontaktfläche (12) befindet.
  7. Schalter (2) nach Anspruch 6, ferner umfassend:
    - einen Kolben (30) zur Druckbeaufschlagung eines Löschgases während des Stromabschaltungsvorgangs,
    wobei der Kolben dazu ausgelegt ist, das Löschgas zu komprimieren, wobei das komprimierte Löschgas durch die Innenseite des ersten Kontaktelements (10) und der Isolierungsspitze (13) in einer axialen Richtung hin zu dem zweiten Kontaktelement (20) bläst, um den in dem Lichtbogenbereich (31) gebildeten Lichtbogen zu löschen.
  8. Schalter (2) nach Anspruch 7, ferner umfassend mindestens einen Gasauslass (32) zum Ablassen von Löschgas aus einer Innenseite des Gehäuses (5) zu einer Außenseite des Gehäuses (5).
  9. Schalter (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 7 und 8, wobei die Abschirmung (50) mindestens ein Abschirmungsbetätigungselement (53) umfasst, wobei das Abschirmungsbetätigungselement (53) mit mindestens einem des ersten Kontaktelements (10) und des Kolbens (30) in Eingriff kommt, um die Abschirmung (50) zu bewegen.
  10. Schalter (1, 2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei der Schalter (1, 2) für Systemnennspannungen in einer Bandbreite von 1 bis 72 kV und für einen Nennstrom von bis zu 2000 A ausgelegt ist.
  11. Schalter (1, 2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei der Schalter (1, 2) ein Lasttrennschalter ist.
  12. Verteilernetzwerk, "Ring Main Unit" oder sekundäre Verteilungsschaltanlage mit einem Lasttrennschalter (1, 2) nach Anspruch 11.
  13. Verfahren (3) zum Durchführen eines Stromabschaltungsvorgangs durch einen Schalter (1, 2), der ein erstes Kontaktelement (10), ein zweites Kontaktelement (20) und eine Abschirmung (50) umfasst, wobei das erste Kontaktelement (10) eine Lichtbogenkontaktfläche (11), die einen Lichtbogenbereich (31) bildet, und eine Nennkontaktfläche (12) aufweist, wobei das erste Kontaktelement (10) entlang einer Achse (6) des Schalters (1,2) zum Öffnen und Schließen des Schalters (1, 2) beweglich ist, und
    wobei die Abschirmung (50) und das erste Kontaktelement (10) relativ zueinander entlang der Achse (6) beweglich sind, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    - eine erste Bewegung (301) zum Trennen des ersten Kontaktelements (10) von dem zweiten Kontaktelement (20) durch eine relative Bewegung weg voneinander entlang der Achse (6) des Schalters (1, 2), so dass ein Lichtbogen in dem Lichtbogenbereich (31) gebildet wird;
    - eine zweite Bewegung (302) zum Bewegen des ersten Kontaktelements (10) und der Abschirmung (50) relativ zueinander von einer Freilegungsauslegung, in der die Nennkontaktfläche (12) zu dem zweiten Kontaktelement (20) freiliegt, zu einer Abschirmungsauslegung, in der die Nennkontaktfläche (12) von dem zweiten Kontaktelement (20) abgeschirmt ist, umfassend Bewegen der Abschirmung (50) entlang der Achse (6) des Schalters (1, 2) zwischen der Freilegungsauslegung und der Abschirmungsauslegung; und
    - Starten einer Abschirmung (303) der Nennkontaktfläche (12) von dem zweiten Kontaktelement (20) während eines Öffnens des Schalters (1, 2).
  14. Verfahren (3) nach Anspruch 13, ferner umfassend:
    - Komprimieren (304) eines Löschgases; und
    - Blasen (305) des Löschgases durch das erste Kontaktelement (10) in einer axialen Richtung hin zu dem zweiten Kontaktelement (20), um den in dem Lichtbogenbereich (31) gebildeten Lichtbogen zu löschen.
EP17199202.7A 2017-10-30 2017-10-30 Gasisolierter mittelspannungsschalter mit abschirmvorrichtung Active EP3477675B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17199202.7A EP3477675B1 (de) 2017-10-30 2017-10-30 Gasisolierter mittelspannungsschalter mit abschirmvorrichtung
ES17199202T ES2913627T3 (es) 2017-10-30 2017-10-30 Conmutador de media tensión aislado en gas con dispositivo de apantallamiento
CN201880065053.8A CN112074923B (zh) 2017-10-30 2018-10-19 具有屏蔽装置的气体绝缘中压开关
PCT/EP2018/078665 WO2019086268A1 (en) 2017-10-30 2018-10-19 Gas-insulated medium-voltage switch with shield device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17199202.7A EP3477675B1 (de) 2017-10-30 2017-10-30 Gasisolierter mittelspannungsschalter mit abschirmvorrichtung

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EP3477675A1 EP3477675A1 (de) 2019-05-01
EP3477675B1 true EP3477675B1 (de) 2022-03-02

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CN (1) CN112074923B (de)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7906561U1 (de) * 1979-03-09 1983-05-05 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Autopneumatischer Druckgasschalter
JP2000348580A (ja) * 1999-01-07 2000-12-15 Fuji Electric Co Ltd パッファ形ガス遮断器
WO2011104902A1 (ja) * 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 三菱電機株式会社 電流開閉器
CN102945768B (zh) * 2012-11-07 2015-04-22 中国西电电气股份有限公司 一种断路器灭弧装置
CN103151216B (zh) * 2013-02-01 2015-04-29 中国科学院电工研究所 配有外置吸附设备的氟碳混合气体绝缘灭弧开关装置
CN105283939B (zh) 2013-03-28 2017-07-07 Abb 技术有限公司 开关组件、包括开关组件的开关设备、包括开关装置的开关设备和冷却方法

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WO2019086268A1 (en) 2019-05-09
CN112074923B (zh) 2022-05-17
EP3477675A1 (de) 2019-05-01
ES2913627T3 (es) 2022-06-03
CN112074923A (zh) 2020-12-11

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