EP2449138A1 - Method for producing a component from an air-hardenable steel and component produced therewith - Google Patents

Method for producing a component from an air-hardenable steel and component produced therewith

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Publication number
EP2449138A1
EP2449138A1 EP10739473A EP10739473A EP2449138A1 EP 2449138 A1 EP2449138 A1 EP 2449138A1 EP 10739473 A EP10739473 A EP 10739473A EP 10739473 A EP10739473 A EP 10739473A EP 2449138 A1 EP2449138 A1 EP 2449138A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
steel
air
forming
forming tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10739473A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2449138B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Braun
Uwe Eggers
Cord SCHÄFFNER
Joachim SCHÖTTLER
Friedrich Luther
Stefan MÜTZE
Manuel Otto
Thorsten Reier
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Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
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Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
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Publication of EP2449138A1 publication Critical patent/EP2449138A1/en
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Publication of EP2449138B1 publication Critical patent/EP2449138B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12229—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.]

Definitions

  • Material properties can be realized. After the cold forming, or shaping, then the air quenching state can be adjusted by means of a subsequent heat treatment.
  • Forming tool to be produced is known from DE 601 19 826 T2.
  • a previously blank on blank 800-1200 0 C heated and provided with a metallic coating of zinc or based on zinc sheet metal blank formed in a case-by-cooled forming tool to form a component, during the forming by rapid removal of heat, the sheet or component in Forming learns a quench hardening (press hardening) and thereby achieved the required strength properties.
  • AI and Si do not necessarily have to be alloyed with the steel, but can be used as
  • C is always contained in the steel, but the C content should be limited to ⁇ 0.20%, particularly with regard to weldability.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a component of an air-hardenable steel. The steel is composed of the following elements (contents in mass %): C < 0.20; Al < 0.08; Si < 1.00; Mn 1.20 to < 2.50; P < 0.020; S < 0.015; N < 0.0150; Cr 0.30 to < 1.5; Mo 0.10 to < 0.80; Ti 0.010 to < 0.050; V 0.03 to < 0.20; B 0.0015 to < 0.0060; the remainder being iron including the usual elements present in steel. According to the invention, a hot- or cold-rolled sheet steel or steel pipe section is heated to a temperature of δblank = 800 to 1050 °C and is subsequently formed in a shaping tool into a component. After removal from the tool, it is cooled in air wherein, after the removal from the shaping tool, the component still has a temperature above δremoval = 200 °C and below 800 °C and achieves the required mechanical properties during the air-cooling process.

Description

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils aus einem lufthärtbaren Stahl und ein damit hergestelltes Bauteil  Method for producing a component made of an air-hardenable steel and a component produced therewith
Beschreibung description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils aus einem lufthärtbaren Stahl mit ausgezeichneten Umformeigenschaften, insbesondere für den Fahrzeugleichtbau, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestelltes Bauteil. The invention relates to a method for producing a component from an air-hardenable steel with excellent forming properties, in particular for the lightweight vehicle construction, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a component produced by the method according to the invention.
Unter Bauteil wird im Folgenden ein aus einer Blechplatine oder Rohr durch Umformen mittels eines Umformwerkzeuges hergestelltes Bauteil verstanden. In the following, a component is understood to be a component produced from a sheet metal blank or tube by forming by means of a forming tool.
Der heiß umkämpfte Automobilmarkt zwingt die Hersteller ständig nach Lösungen zur Senkung des Flottenverbrauches unter Beibehaltung eines höchstmöglichen Komforts und Insassenschutzes zu suchen. Dabei spielt einerseits die Gewichtsersparnis aller The hotly contested automotive market is forcing manufacturers to constantly seek solutions to reduce fleet consumption while maintaining the highest possible comfort and occupant safety. On the one hand, the weight savings of all play
Fahrzeugkomponenten eine entscheidende Rolle, andererseits aber auch ein möglichst günstiges Verhalten der einzelnen Bauteile bei hoher statischer und dynamischer Vehicle components a crucial role, on the other hand, but also a favorable behavior of the individual components with high static and dynamic
Beanspruchung im Betrieb wie auch im Crashfall. Stress during operation as well as in the event of a crash.
Dieser Notwendigkeit versuchen die Lieferanten dadurch Rechnung zu tragen, dass durch die Bereitstellung hoch- und höchstfester Stähle die Wanddicken reduziert werden können bei gleichzeitig verbessertem Bauteilverhalten bei der Fertigung und im Betrieb. Derartige Stähle müssen daher vergleichsweise hohen Anforderungen hinsichtlich Festigkeit, Dehnfähigkeit, Zähigkeit, Energieaufnahme und Verarbeitbarkeit beispielsweise durch Kaltumformen, Schweißen und/oder Korrosionsbeständigkeit genügen. Suppliers are trying to meet this need by reducing their wall thicknesses by providing high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels while at the same time improving component behavior during production and operation. Such steels must therefore meet comparatively high requirements in terms of strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption and processability, for example by cold forming, welding and / or corrosion resistance.
Zur Gewährleistung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit kommen metallische Überzüge aus Zink, Aluminium oder entsprechende Legierungen auf Basis von Zink oder Aluminium, die weitere Legierungselemente wie Mg oder Si enthalten können, in Frage. Neben den beschriebenen allgemeinen Anforderungen sind für höchstfeste Stähle beispielhaft folgende mechanischen Kennwerte zu erreichen: rtβi bzw. Rpol2: 700 - 1000 [MPa] To ensure corrosion resistance, metallic coatings of zinc, aluminum or corresponding alloys based on zinc or aluminum, which may contain other alloying elements such as Mg or Si, come into question. In addition to the general requirements described, the following mechanical properties can be achieved for ultra-high-strength steels: rtβi or Rpo l2 : 700 - 1000 [MPa]
Rm: 800 - 1200 [MPa]R m : 800 - 1200 [MPa]
A5: ≥ 13 [%] A 5 : ≥ 13 [%]
In der Vergangenheit sind für den Anwendungsbereich der crash- und gewichtsoptimierten Bauteile meist konventionelle Stähle mit relativ großer Blechdicke, wasservergütete hochfeste Feinkomstähle, Mehrphasenstähle oder alternative Werkstoffe, wie Aluminium, eingesetzt worden. Conventional steels with relatively large sheet thickness, water-quenched high-strength fine-grade steels, multiphase steels or alternative materials such as aluminum have been used in the past for the crash and weight-optimized components.
Der Nachteil konventioneller Stähle ist ihr hohes Bauteilgewicht. Nachteile alternativer höchstfester Mehrphasenstähle sind die schlechte Schweißeignung und Umformbarkeit infolge der hohen Grundhärte. Wasservergütete Stähle sind in der Herstellung teuer und damit unwirtschaftlich. The disadvantage of conventional steels is their high component weight. Disadvantages of alternative high-strength multiphase steels are the poor weldability and formability due to the high basic hardness. Water-tempered steels are expensive to manufacture and therefore uneconomical.
Als Alternative wurden luftvergütbare Stahlwerkstoffe entwickelt, die die Nachteile bekannter Stähle dadurch überwinden, dass nun allein durch die Abkühlung des Stahls an Luft, beispielsweise nach einer Wärmebehandlung des Bauteils, die geforderten As an alternative, air-friendly steel materials have been developed, which overcome the disadvantages of known steels by the fact that now by cooling the steel in air, for example, after a heat treatment of the component, the required
Werkstoffeigenschaften realisiert werden. Nach der Kaltumformung, bzw. Formgebung, kann dann der Luftvergütungszustand mittels einer nachträglichen Wärmebehandlung eingestellt werden. Material properties can be realized. After the cold forming, or shaping, then the air quenching state can be adjusted by means of a subsequent heat treatment.
Aus der DE 102 21 487 B4, der EP 0 576 107 B1 und der DE 4446 709 A1 sind lufthärtbare Stähle bekannt, die für Fahrzeugbauteile grundsätzlich einsetzbar sind. Aus der DE 10 2004 053 620 A1 ist ein weiter entwickelter lufthärtbarer Stahl mit hervorragenden Umform- und Schweißeigenschaften mit folgender Zusammensetzung bekannt (Gehalte in Masse %): C 0,07 bis < 0,15 From DE 102 21 487 B4, EP 0 576 107 B1 and DE 4446 709 A1, air-hardenable steels are known which can be used in principle for vehicle components. From DE 10 2004 053 620 A1, a further developed air-hardenable steel with excellent forming and welding properties with the following composition is known (contents in% by mass): C 0.07 to <0.15
AI < 0,05 AI <0.05
Si 0,15 bis < 0,30 Si 0.15 to <0.30
Mn 1 ,60 bis < 2,10 P < 0,020 Mn 1, 60 to <2.10 P <0.020
S < 0,010  S <0.010
N < 0,0150  N <0.0150
Cr 0,50 bis < 1,0  Cr 0.50 to <1.0
Mo 0,30 bis < 0,60  Mo 0.30 to <0.60
Ti 0,010 bis < 0,050  Ti 0.010 to <0.050
V 0,12 bis < 0,20  V 0.12 to <0.20
B 0,0015 bis < 0,0040  B 0.0015 to <0.0040
Rest Eisen einschließlich üblicher stahlbegleitender Elemente.  The rest of the iron including standard steel-accompanying elements.
Die Herstellung von Bauteilen, die durch Abschreckung von presshärtbaren Stählen in einem The manufacture of components by deterring press-hardenable steels in one
Umformwerkzeug hergestellt werden, ist aus der DE 601 19 826 T2 bekannt. Hier wird eine zuvor auf Zuschnitt = 800-12000C erwärmte und mit einem metallischen Überzug aus Zink oder auf Basis von Zink versehene Blechplatine in einem fallweise gekühlten Umformwerkzeug zu einem Bauteil umgeformt, wobei während des Umformens durch schnellen Wärmeentzug das Blech bzw. Bauteil im Umformwerkzeug eine Abschreckhärtung (Presshärtung) erfährt und dadurch die geforderten Festigkeitseigenschaften erreicht. Forming tool to be produced, is known from DE 601 19 826 T2. Here is a previously blank on blank = 800-1200 0 C heated and provided with a metallic coating of zinc or based on zinc sheet metal blank formed in a case-by-cooled forming tool to form a component, during the forming by rapid removal of heat, the sheet or component in Forming learns a quench hardening (press hardening) and thereby achieved the required strength properties.
Bei Versuchen hat sich herausgestellt, dass zum Erreichen einer angestrebten In experiments it has been found that to achieve a desired
Bruchdehnung das Bauteil einer nachträglichen Glühung unterzogen werden muss. Dies ist aufwändig und teuer und senkt darüber hinaus die Festigkeit des so gehärteten Bauteils wieder ab. Elongation at break the component must be subjected to a subsequent annealing. This is costly and expensive and also reduces the strength of the so hardened component again.
Außerdem wurde bei diesen Versuchen erkannt, dass Bauteile aus lufthärtbaren Stählen mit dem aus der DE 601 19 826 T2 bekannten Verfahren nicht herstellbar sind, da durch den Abschreckvorgang die geforderte Dehnung im umgeformten Bauteil ebenfalls nicht erreicht wird. In addition, it was found in these experiments that components made of air-hardenable steels can not be produced by the method known from DE 601 19 826 T2, since the quenching process also does not achieve the required elongation in the formed component.
Der Erfindung lag daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren für die Herstellung von Bauteilen aus lufthärtbaren Stählen mittels eines Umformwerkzeuges anzugeben, mit dem die geforderten mechanischen Eigenschaften am umgeformten Bauteil unter Verzicht auf eine abschließende Glühung sicher eingehalten werden können. Nach der Lehre der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren gelöst, bei dem einThe invention therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for the production of components made of air-hardenable steels by means of a forming tool, with which the required mechanical properties of the formed component can be safely met while dispensing with a final annealing. According to the teachings of the invention, this object is achieved by a method in which a
Bauteil aus einem lufthärtbaren Stahl, bestehend aus den Elementen (Gehalte in Masse-%):Component made of an air-hardenable steel, consisting of the elements (contents in% by mass):
C < 0,20 C <0.20
AI < 0,08  AI <0.08
Si < 1,00  Si <1.00
Mn 1 ,20 bis < 2,50  Mn 1, 20 to <2.50
P < 0,020  P <0.020
S < 0,015  S <0.015
N < 0,0150  N <0.0150
Cr 0,30 bis < 1,5  Cr 0.30 to <1.5
Mo 0,10 bis < 0,80  Mo 0.10 to <0.80
Ti 0,010 bis < 0,050  Ti 0.010 to <0.050
V 0,03 bis < 0,20  V 0.03 to <0.20
B 0,0015 bis < 0,0060  B 0.0015 to <0.0060
Rest Eisen einschließlich üblicher stahlbegleitender Elemente, hergestellt wird, wobei ein warm- oder kaltgewalzter Stahlblech- oder Stahlrohrzuschnitt auf eine Temperatur von Residual iron including conventional steel-accompanying elements is produced, wherein a hot or cold rolled steel sheet or steel pipe blank to a temperature of
Zuschnitt = 800 bis 10500C erwärmt und anschließend in einem Umformwerkzeug zu einemZUSC hn = itt heated and 800-1050 0 C and then in a forming tool to a
Bauteil umgeformt wird und nach Entnahme aus dem Werkzeug an Luft abkühlt und wobei nach der Entnahme aus dem Umformwerkzeug das Bauteil noch eine Temperatur oberhalb von Entnahme = 200°C und unterhalb von 8000C aufweist und nach der Abkühlung an Luft die geforderten mechanischen Eigenschaften erreicht. Component is formed and cooled after removal from the mold to air and wherein after removal from the forming the component still has a temperature above extraction = 200 ° C and below 800 0 C and after cooling in air reaches the required mechanical properties ,
AI und Si müssen dem Stahl nicht zwingend zulegiert werden, können jedoch als AI and Si do not necessarily have to be alloyed with the steel, but can be used as
stahlbegleitende Elemente enthalten sein. C ist im Stahl immer enthalten, der C-Gehalt sollte jedoch insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Schweißbarkeit auf < 0,20 % begrenzt werden. be accompanied by steel elements. C is always contained in the steel, but the C content should be limited to <0.20%, particularly with regard to weldability.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist gegenüber dem aus der DE 601 19 826 T2 bekannten Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils den Vorteil auf, dass unter Verwendung eines lufthärtbaren Stahls bei entsprechend langsamer Abkühlung im Umformwerkzeug und anschließender Luftabkühlung auf eine nachträgliche kostenaufwändige Glühung zur Erreichung der geforderten Dehnungswerte im Bauteil verzichtet werden kann. Außerdem ist auf diese Weise ein höheres Formänderungsvermögen aufgrund eines besseren Umformungsverhaltens von erwärmten Zuschnitten zu erreichen, da die Zuschnitte unter Nutzung der Restwärme weiter umgeformt werden können, und so komplexere Geometrien gegenüber dem bekannten Verfahren möglich sind. Compared with the method for producing a component known from DE 601 19 826 T2, the method according to the invention has the advantage that using an air-hardenable steel with correspondingly slow cooling in the forming tool and subsequent air cooling to subsequent costly annealing to achieve the required elongation values in the component can be waived. In addition, in this way, a higher formability can be achieved due to a better deformation behavior of heated blanks, since the blanks can be further transformed using the residual heat, and so more complex geometries compared to the known method are possible.
Die Restwärme, die das Bauteil nach der Entnahme aufweist, wirkt sich auch vorteilhaft auf direkt anschließende Schnittoperationen aus, da die Schnittkräfte mit steigenden The residual heat, which has the component after removal, also has an advantageous effect on directly subsequent cutting operations, since the cutting forces with increasing
Werkstücktemperaturen sinken. Auch sind bei der Warmumformung des Werkstücks deutlich geringere Pressenkräfte als bei der Kaltumformung erforderlich.  Workpiece temperatures drop. Also, hot working of the workpiece requires significantly lower press forces than cold forming.
Zur Vermeidung einer frühzeitigen Aufhärtung im Umformwerkzeug kann es fallweise erforderlich sein, das Umformwerkzeug mit einer Heizung zu versehen, um unter To avoid premature hardening in the forming tool, it may occasionally be necessary to provide the forming tool with a heater to under
Berücksichtigung der Dauer des Umformvorgangs die gewünschte langsame Abkühlung im Umformwerkzeug zu realisieren. Zur Einhaltung einer angestrebten Mindestdehnung von /A5≥13% und Zugfestigkeiten von Rm = 800 - 1200 MPa haben sich durchschnittliche Considering the duration of the forming process to realize the desired slow cooling in the forming tool. To maintain a minimum elongation of / A 5 ≥13% and tensile strengths of R m = 800 - 1200 MPa, average
Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten von d77df < 150K/S bei einem Umformvorgang mit einer Dauer von r < 5s im Umformwerkzeug als günstig erwiesen. Cooling rates of d77df <150K / S in a forming process with a duration of r <5s in the forming tool proved favorable.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat außerdem den Vorteil, dass bestehende The inventive method also has the advantage that existing
Warmumformanlagen bei den Fahrzeugherstellern und Zulieferern genutzt werden können und dadurch die Fertigungskosten gegenüber dem bekannten Verfahren zur Verarbeitung luftvergütbarer Werkstoffe reduziert werden. Gegenüber den üblichen Bor-Mangan-Stählen treten auch die kürzeren Werkzeugbelegungszeiten beim Warmumformen positiv hervor. Hot forming plants can be used by vehicle manufacturers and suppliers and thus the manufacturing costs compared to the known method for processing luftvergütbarer materials are reduced. Compared with the usual boron-manganese steels, the shorter tool application times during hot forming are also positive.
In der als Anlage dargestellten einzigen Figur ist der prinzipielle Verfahrensablauf bei der Warmumformung von lufthärtbaren Stählen mit der angegebenen In the single figure shown as a plant, the basic process sequence in the hot forming of air-hardenable steels with the specified
Legierungszusammensetzung dargestellt. Die Temperaturverläufe für das konventionelle Umformen presshärtbarer Stähle und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren für lufthärtbare Stähle kennzeichnen die wesentlichen Unterschiede. Deutlich wird die bei lufthärtbaren Stählen kürzere Belegungszeit der Umformpresse für einen Prozesstakt, was sich positiv auf die Wirtschaftlichkeit des gesamten Verfahrens auswirkt. Alloy composition shown. The temperature profiles for the conventional forming of press-hardenable steels and the method according to the invention for air-hardenable steels characterize the essential differences. It becomes clear that the laying time of the forming press for a process cycle is shorter for air-hardenable steels, which has a positive effect on the economic efficiency of the entire process.
Im vorliegenden Beispiel wird das Bauteil aus dem lufthärtbaren Werkstoff entsprechend dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren auf ca. 95O0C erwärmt, anschließend in das Umformwerkzeug eingelegt und direkt nach der Umformung bei ca. 73O0C dem Werkzeug entnommen und an Luft abgekühlt. In the present example, the component of the air-hardenable material according to the inventive method is heated to about 95O 0 C, then in the Inserted forming tool and removed directly after the forming at about 73O 0 C the tool and cooled in air.
Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Bauteile weisen außerdem eine hohe Maßhaltigkeit auf, wobei die Werkstoffzusammensetzung für den lufthärtbaren Stahl so gewählt ist, dass im umgeformten und luftgehärteten Zustand eine hervorragende Schweißbarkeit bei der Weiterverarbeitung gesichert ist. The components according to the invention also have a high dimensional stability, wherein the material composition for the air-hardenable steel is chosen so that in the deformed and air-hardened state excellent weldability is ensured in the further processing.
Gegenüber dem bekannten Herstellverfahren ist im Hinblick auf verbesserte mechanische Eigenschaften (hohe Dehnung bei gleichzeitig hoher Festigkeit) ein deutlich breiteres Produktspektrum möglich. Beispielsweise können mit diesem Verfahren jetzt auch Compared with the known production process, a significantly broader product spectrum is possible with regard to improved mechanical properties (high elongation combined with high strength). For example, with this method now too
Fahrwerksteile aus lufthärtbarem Stahl kostengünstig hergestellt werden. Chassis parts made of air-hardenable steel are produced inexpensively.
Erfindungsgemäß kann der zum Warmumformen eingesetzte Zuschnitt eines Bandes oder Rohres bereits mit einem metallischen Überzug versehen sein, der z. B. aus Zink oder Aluminium oder aus entsprechenden Legierungen auf Basis von Zink oder Aluminium bestehen kann. In Legierungsüberzügen aus einer Aluminiumlegierung kann beispielsweise Si in Gehalten von 8 bis 12% enthalten sein. According to the invention, the blank used for hot forming a strip or tube may already be provided with a metallic coating, the z. B. of zinc or aluminum or of corresponding alloys based on zinc or aluminum. For example, in aluminum alloy alloy coatings, Si may be contained in contents of 8 to 12%.
Der metallische Überzug des Warm- oder Kaltbandes bzw. des daraus hergestellten Rohres wird üblicherweise im kontinuierlichen Schmelztauchverfahren aufgebracht The metallic coating of the hot or cold strip or the tube produced therefrom is usually applied in a continuous hot dip process
(Feuerverzinkung, Feueraluminierung), anschließend wird das Band oder Rohr für das Umformwerkzeug passend zugeschnitten. Allerdings ist es auch möglich, das jeweils umzuformende Werkstück (Zuschnitt) mit einem Schmelztauchüberzug zu versehen. (Hot dip galvanizing, fire aluminizing), then the band or tube is cut to size for the forming tool. However, it is also possible to provide the respective workpiece (blank) to be formed with a hot-dip coating.
Das Aufbringen eines metallischen Überzugs vor dem Warmumformen ist von großem Vorteil, weil durch den Überzug eine Verzunderung des Grundmaterials und durch die Schmierwirkung übermäßiger Werkzeugverschleiß wirksam vermieden werden. The application of a metallic coating prior to hot forming is of great advantage because the coating effectively prevents scaling of the base material and excessive tool wear due to the lubricating effect.
Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind nachfolgend noch einmal aufgeführt", keine nachgeschaltete Wärmebehandlung erforderlich, The advantages of the method according to the invention are listed again below ", no downstream heat treatment required
höhere Festigkeiten im Vergleich zu den bekannten Verarbeitungsverfahren, höheres Formänderungsvermögen im Vergleich zur Kaltformgebung bzw. zum direkten Presshärten von Bor-Mangan-Stählen, higher strengths compared to the known processing methods, higher deformability compared to cold forming or direct press hardening of boron-manganese steels,
geringere Umformkräfte im Vergleich zur Kaltformgebung, lower forming forces compared to cold forming,
bestehende Anlagen für die Warmumformung (Presshärten) bleiben nutzbar, kürzere Werkzeugbelegung im Vergleich zum Presshärten, existing systems for hot forming (press hardening) remain usable, shorter tool usage compared to press hardening,
hohe Maßhaltigkeit, high dimensional accuracy,
sehr gute Schweißbarkeit, very good weldability,
gute Beschichtbarkeit mit den üblichen Beschichtungsverfahren, wie kathodischegood coatability with the usual coating methods, such as cathodic
Tauchlackierung (KTL), Feuerverzinkung, Feueraluminierung und Dipcoating (KTL), hot dip galvanizing, fire aluminizing and
Hochtemperaturverzinkung,  high temperature galvanizing,
Einsatzmöglichkeit für geschweißte, statisch und dynamisch hoch belastete Bauteile.  Possible application for welded, statically and dynamically highly loaded components.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus einem lufthärtbaren Stahl bestehend aus den Elementen (Gehalte in Masse-%): 1. A process for the production of components from an air hardenable steel consisting of the elements (contents in mass%):
C < 0,20  C <0.20
AI < 0,08  AI <0.08
Si < 1 ,00  Si <1, 00
Mn 1,20 bis < 2,50  Mn 1.20 to <2.50
P < 0,020  P <0.020
S < 0,015  S <0.015
N < 0,0150  N <0.0150
Cr 0,30 bis < 1,5  Cr 0.30 to <1.5
Mo 0,10 bis < 0,80  Mo 0.10 to <0.80
Ti 0,010 bis < 0,050  Ti 0.010 to <0.050
V 0,03 bis < 0,20  V 0.03 to <0.20
B 0,0015 bis < 0,0060  B 0.0015 to <0.0060
Rest Eisen einschließlich üblicher stahlbegleitender Elemente, wobei ein warm- oder kaltgewalzter Stahlblech- oder Stahlrohrzuschnitt auf eine Temperatur von  Remainder of iron including common steel-accompanying elements, wherein a hot or cold rolled steel sheet or steel pipe blank is at a temperature of
Zuschnitt = 800 bis 10500C erwärmt und anschließend in einem Umformwerkzeug zu einem Bauteil umgeformt wird und nach Entnahme aus dem Umformwerkzeug an Luft abkühlt, wobei nach der Entnahme aus dem Umformwerkzeug das Bauteil noch eine Temperatur oberhalb Entnahme = 2000C und unterhalb von 8000C aufweist und während der Abkühlung an Luft eine Härtung erfolgt, wodurch die geforderten mechanischen Eigenschaften erreicht werden. Blank = 800 to 1050 0 C heated and then formed in a forming tool to form a component and cooled after removal from the forming tool in air, wherein after removal from the forming tool, the component is still a temperature above removal = 200 0 C and below 800 0 C and during the cooling in air curing, whereby the required mechanical properties are achieved.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 2. The method according to claim 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass das Umformwerkzeug zur Begrenzung der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit während des Umformens beheizt wird. that the forming tool is heated to limit the cooling rate during forming.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die mittlere Abkühlgeschwindigkeit im Umformwerkzeug höchstens  that the average cooling rate in the forming tool at most
d77df = 150K/S während des Umformvorgangs beträgt.  d77df = 150K / S during the forming process.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 - 3
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass das Bauteil unmittelbar nach der Entnahme aus dem Umformwerkzeug unter Ausnutzung der Restwärme einer weiteren Verarbeitung zugeführt wird.  that the component is fed immediately after removal from the forming tool by utilizing the residual heat for further processing.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 5. The method according to claim 4
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass am Bauteil umformende oder Schneidoperationen ausgeführt werden.  that the component transforming or cutting operations are performed.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5 6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass vor dem Umformen der warm- oder kaltgewalzte Stahlblech- oder  that before forming the hot or cold rolled steel sheet or
Stahlrohrzuschnitt mit einem metallischen Überzug versehen wird.  Steel tube blank is provided with a metallic coating.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5 7. The method according to any one of claims 1-5
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass das für den Zuschnitt verwendete Stahlband oder Stahlrohr in einem  that the steel strip or steel tube used for the cutting in one
kontinuierlichen Prozess mit einem metallischen Überzug versehen wird.  continuous process is provided with a metallic coating.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7 8. The method according to claim 6 or 7
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass der metallische Überzug aus Zink und/oder Aluminium oder einer Legierung auf Basis von Zink oder Aluminium besteht.  that the metallic coating consists of zinc and / or aluminum or an alloy based on zinc or aluminum.
9. Bauteil aus luftvergütbarem Stahl hergestellt nach mindestens einem der 9. A component made of air-temperable steel manufactured according to at least one of
Verfahrensansprüche 1 - 8  Method claims 1 - 8
EP10739473A 2009-06-29 2010-06-21 Process of manufacturing a part from an air hardenable steel and the part manufactured by the process Active EP2449138B1 (en)

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PCT/DE2010/000721 WO2011000351A1 (en) 2009-06-29 2010-06-21 Method for producing a component from an air-hardenable steel and component produced therewith

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RU2539883C2 (en) 2015-01-27
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