EP2734652B1 - Method for producing a component by hot-forming a steel precursor product - Google Patents

Method for producing a component by hot-forming a steel precursor product Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2734652B1
EP2734652B1 EP12750986.7A EP12750986A EP2734652B1 EP 2734652 B1 EP2734652 B1 EP 2734652B1 EP 12750986 A EP12750986 A EP 12750986A EP 2734652 B1 EP2734652 B1 EP 2734652B1
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Prior art keywords
forming
component
mill bar
hot
strength
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EP12750986.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2734652A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Evertz
Volker Flaxa
Michael Braun
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Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
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Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
    • B21B1/024—Forging or pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • B21B2001/383—Cladded or coated products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a component by hot forming a precursor of steel according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • precursors sheet metal plates are understood.
  • Such components are mainly used in the automotive industry, but also in mechanical engineering or construction can be used.
  • the primary suppliers are trying to meet this need by reducing the wall thickness by providing high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels, while at the same time improving component behavior during production and operation.
  • the board is cut to fit the hot forming forming tool. It is also possible to provide the respective workpiece to be formed, or the blank, with a hot-dip coating.
  • the application of a metallic coating on the preform to be formed prior to hot forming is advantageous in this method because the coating effectively prevents scaling of the base material and, due to an additional lubricating effect, excessive tool wear.
  • thermoformable steels for this application are z. B. the manganese-boron steel "22MnB5" and recently also air hardenable steels according to a still unpublished patent application of the applicant.
  • this process requires a great deal of energy by heating the precursor to austenitizing temperature and converting ferrite into austenite, which makes the process expensive and produces significant amounts of CO 2 .
  • an additional metallic protective layer or a protective layer Lacquer base required or a considerable rework of the scale-hardened by heating and reshaping.
  • a further disadvantage is that to obtain appropriate component strengths after press hardening only convertible steels can be used with a sufficient conversion inertia, which must have correspondingly expensive alloying additions for the structure to be achieved and hardness after forming.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a component by hot working, which is inexpensive and can be achieved with the comparable or improved properties of the formed component as in the known hot forming by press hardening.
  • this object is achieved by a method in which in the course of the process, the heating of the precursor takes place at a temperature below the Ac 1 conversion temperature and the precursor undergoes an increase in strength by cold forming prior to heating.
  • the inventive method has opposite to that of DE 601 19 826 T2 known method for producing a component on the advantage that at significantly lower energy consumption for heating the component strength after forming in the Substantially achieved by the previously introduced into the precursor Kaltverfestist. This saves energy and alloying costs.
  • the introduced dislocations lead to a considerable increase in strength, which is only insignificantly reduced by the heating process, so that the strength of the component can be adjusted in a targeted manner.
  • Experiments have also shown that the ductility of the finished component compared to a component produced by press-hardening could be significantly increased.
  • the degree of cold work not less than 3% should not be less than 5% advantageous depending on the material used in the precursor.
  • Forming degrees which have been found to be advantageous in the case of hot-rolled strip are between about 3% and about 50% to 80% between conventional temper rolling.
  • the invention is easily applicable even at the high degrees of cold rolling.
  • cold work grades in the range of 5 to 35% have proven excellent.
  • the invention is applicable to precursors of soft to high strength steels, eg. B. with yield strengths of 140 MPa to 1200 MPa, which may be provided with a scale or corrosion inhibiting layer as a metallic coating.
  • the metallic coating may contain Zn and / or Mg and / or Al and / or Si.
  • surface-finished hot strip can already be used for forming following heating, since the adhesion and the ductility endure half-hot forming with low degrees of deformation.
  • the metallic coating is resistant to short-term reheating of the substrate / coating combination (steel strip / coating) below the Ac 1 temperature of the substrate to survive reheating prior to semi-hot forming and actual semi-hot forming.
  • the reheating takes place before the half-warm forms by means of radiation, since the efficiency is significantly higher than when heated in an oven or conductive heating and the energy input into the material takes place faster and more effective depending on the surface condition.
  • the cold-formed intermediate product is advantageously heated to a temperature of below 720 ° C. in a temperature range of 400-700 ° C. and then shaped into a component.
  • the optimum forming temperature depends on the required strength of the component and is preferably between about 540 ° C and 700 ° C.
  • a further increase in strength is achieved during the pressing process and the subsequent cooling by the so-called “bake-hardening effect" or by an additional excretion formation, eg. B. VC, allows.
  • the increase in strength can be achieved by controlled cooling or subsequent heat treatment (eg paint baking or stress relief annealing).
  • a local exceeding of the temperature range of the Semi-warm forming in the austenitizing made in order to make specific local property changes (eg local hardening), which are adapted to the subsequent stresses of the component in combination with the increase in strength of the remaining material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Warmumformen eines Vorproduktes aus Stahl gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Als Vorprodukte werden nachfolgend Blechplatinen verstanden.The invention relates to a method for producing a component by hot forming a precursor of steel according to the preamble of claim 1. As precursors sheet metal plates are understood.

Derartige Bauteile werden hauptsächlich in der Automobilindustrie verwendet, aber auch im Maschinenbau oder Bauwesen bieten sich Einsatzmöglichkeiten.Such components are mainly used in the automotive industry, but also in mechanical engineering or construction can be used.

Der heiß umkämpfte Markt zwingt die Automobilhersteller ständig nach Lösungen zur Senkung ihres Flottenverbrauches unter Beibehaltung eines höchstmöglichen Komforts und Insassenschutzes zu suchen. Dabei spielt einerseits die Gewichtsersparnis aller Fahrzeugkomponenten eine entscheidende Rolle andererseits aber auch ein möglichst günstiges Verhatten der einzelnen Bauteile bei hoher statischer und dynamischer Beanspruchung im Betrieb wie auch im Crashfall.The hotly contested market is forcing automakers to constantly seek solutions to reduce their fleet consumption while maintaining the highest possible comfort and occupant safety. On the one hand the weight saving of all vehicle components plays a decisive role on the other hand, but also the most favorable possible verhatten the individual components with high static and dynamic stress during operation as well as in the event of a crash.

Dieser Notwendigkeit versuchen die Vormateriallieferanten dadurch Rechnung zu tragen, dass durch die Bereitstellung hoch- und höchstfester Stähle die Wanddicken reduziert werden können bei gleichzeitig verbessertem Bauteilverhalten bei der Fertigung und im Betrieb.The primary suppliers are trying to meet this need by reducing the wall thickness by providing high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels, while at the same time improving component behavior during production and operation.

Diese Stähle müssen daher vergleichsweise hohen Anforderungen hinsichtlich Festigkeit, Dehnfähigkeit, Zähigkeit, Energieaufnahme und Korrosionsbeständigkeit sowie ihrer Verarbeitbarkeit beispielsweise bei der Kaltumformung und beim Schweißen genügen. Unter den vorgenannten Aspekten gewinnt die Herstellung von Bauteilen aus warmumformbaren Stählen zunehmend an Bedeutung, da diese bei geringerem Materialaufwand die gestiegenen Anforderungen an die Bauteileigenschaften ideal erfüllen.These steels must therefore meet comparatively high requirements in terms of strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption and corrosion resistance and their processability, for example in cold forming and welding. Among the above-mentioned aspects, the production of components made of hot-processable steels is becoming increasingly important since they ideally meet the increased demands on the component properties with less material expenditure.

Die Herstellung von Bauteilen mittels Abschreckung von Vorprodukten aus presshärtbaren Stählen durch Warmumformen in einem Umformwerkzeug, ist aus der DE 601 19 826 T2 ( EP 1 143 029 A1 ) bekannt. Hier wird eine zuvor oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur auf 800 - 1200°C erwärmte und ggf. mit einem metallischen Überzug aus Zink oder auf Basis von Zink versehene Blechplatine in einem fallweise gekühlten Werkzeug durch Warmumformung zu einem Bauteil umgeformt, wobei während des Umformens durch schnellen Wärmeentzug das Blech bzw. Bauteil im Umformwerkzeug eine Abschreckhärtung (Presshärtung) erfährt und dadurch die geforderten Festigkeitseigenschaften erreicht. Der metallische Überzug wird als Korrosionsschutz üblicherweise im kontinuierlichen Schmelztauchverfahren auf ein Warm- oder Kaltband bzw. auf das daraus hergestellte Vorprodukt aufgebracht, z. B. als Feuerverzinkung oder Feueraluminierung.The production of components by means of quenching precursors from press-hardenable steels by hot forming in a forming tool is known from US Pat DE 601 19 826 T2 ( EP 1 143 029 A1 ) known. Here is a previously heated above the Austenitisierungstemperatur to 800 - 1200 ° C and possibly provided with a metallic coating of zinc or based on zinc sheet metal blank formed in a case by case cooled tool by hot forming into a component, during the forming by rapid heat removal the Sheet metal or component undergoes a quench hardening (press hardening) in the forming tool and thereby achieves the required strength properties. The metallic coating is applied as corrosion protection usually in the continuous hot dip process on a hot or cold strip or on the precursor produced therefrom, z. B. as hot dip galvanizing or Feueralumierung.

Anschließend wird die Platine für das Umformwerkzeug der Warmumformung passend zugeschnitten. Möglich ist auch, das jeweils umzuformende Werkstück, bzw. den Zuschnitt, mit einem Schmelztauchüberzug zu versehen.Subsequently, the board is cut to fit the hot forming forming tool. It is also possible to provide the respective workpiece to be formed, or the blank, with a hot-dip coating.

Das Aufbringen eines metallischen Überzugs auf das umzuformende Vorprodukt vor dem Warmumformen ist bei diesem Verfahren von Vorteil, weil durch den Überzug eine Verzunderung des Grundmaterials und durch eine zusätzliche Schmierwirkung übermäßiger Werkzeugverschleiß wirksam vermieden werden.The application of a metallic coating on the preform to be formed prior to hot forming is advantageous in this method because the coating effectively prevents scaling of the base material and, due to an additional lubricating effect, excessive tool wear.

Bekannte warmumformbare Stähle für diesen Einsatzbereich sind z. B. der Mangan-Bor-Stahl "22MnB5" und neuerdings auch luftvergütbare Stähle gemäß einer noch unveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung des Anmelders.Known thermoformable steels for this application are z. B. the manganese-boron steel "22MnB5" and recently also air hardenable steels according to a still unpublished patent application of the applicant.

Die Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Warmumformen mittels der bekannten Verfahren weist mehrere Nachteile auf.The production of a component by hot forming by means of the known methods has several disadvantages.

Zum Einen benötigt dieses Verfahren durch die Aufheizung des Vorproduktes auf Austenitisierungstemperatur sowie der Umwandlung von Ferrit in Austenit sehr viel Energie, was das Verfahren teuer macht und erhebliche Mengen CO2 produziert.On the one hand, this process requires a great deal of energy by heating the precursor to austenitizing temperature and converting ferrite into austenite, which makes the process expensive and produces significant amounts of CO 2 .

Außerdem ist zur Vermeidung einer übermäßigen Verzunderung der Blechoberfläche wie oben beschrieben eine zusätzliche metallische Schutzschicht oder eine Schutzschicht auf Lackbasis erforderlich oder eine erhebliche Nacharbeit der durch Erwärmung und Umformung verzunderten Oberfläche.In addition, to avoid excessive scaling of the sheet surface as described above, an additional metallic protective layer or a protective layer Lacquer base required or a considerable rework of the scale-hardened by heating and reshaping.

Da die Umformung bei Temperaturen oberhalb der Ac3-Temperatur in der Regel deutlich oberhalb 800°C erfolgt, werden zudem extrem hohe Anforderungen bezüglich der Temperaturstabilität an diese Schichten gestellt.Since the forming takes place at temperatures above the Ac 3 temperature usually well above 800 ° C, also extremely high demands are placed on the temperature stability of these layers.

Ein weiterer Nachteil ist auch, dass zur Erlangung entsprechender Bauteilfestigkeiten nach der Presshärtung nur umwandlungsfähige Stähle mit einer ausreichenden Umwandlungsträgheit eingesetzt werden können, die entsprechend teure Legierungszusätze für die zu erreichende Gefügestruktur und Härte nach der Umformung aufweisen müssen.A further disadvantage is that to obtain appropriate component strengths after press hardening only convertible steels can be used with a sufficient conversion inertia, which must have correspondingly expensive alloying additions for the structure to be achieved and hardness after forming.

Zusammengefasst ist festzustellen, dass das bekannte Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus Stahl durch Warmumformung oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur aufgrund hoher Energiekosten und teurer Einsatzwerkstoffe sehr kostenintensiv ist, was zu entsprechend hohen Komponenten-Preisen führt.Zur Verbesserung des Umformvermögens hochfester Stähle ist aus der DE 10 2004 028 236 B3 außerdem bekannt, Werkstücke anstatt durch Kaltumformung durch Warmumformung bei Temperaturen von 400 bis 700°C weiter zu einem Bauteil zu verarbeiten (Halbwarmumformung). Nachteilig ist auch bei diesem Verfahren, dass eine hohe Bauteilfestigkeit nur über den Einsatz höherfester und damit teurer Einsatzwerkstoffe möglich ist.In summary, the known process for producing steel components by hot forming above the austenitizing temperature is very cost intensive due to high energy costs and expensive feedstock, resulting in correspondingly high component prices. To improve the forming capability of high strength steels is known from US Pat DE 10 2004 028 236 B3 In addition, it is known to process workpieces instead of by cold forming by hot forming at temperatures of 400 to 700 ° C on to a component (warm forging). A disadvantage of this method is that a high component strength is possible only through the use of higher-strength and therefore more expensive feed materials.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Warmumformung anzugeben, welches kostengünstig ist und mit dem vergleichbare oder verbesserte Eigenschaften des umgeformten Bauteils wie beim bekannten Warmumformen durch Presshärten erreicht werden.The object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a component by hot working, which is inexpensive and can be achieved with the comparable or improved properties of the formed component as in the known hot forming by press hardening.

Nach der Lehre der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren gelöst, bei dem im Zuge des Verfahrens die Erwärmung des Vorproduktes auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der Ac1-Umwandlungstemperatur erfolgt und das Vorprodukt vor der Erwärmung eine Festigkeitssteigerung durch Kaltumformung erfährt.According to the teachings of the invention, this object is achieved by a method in which in the course of the process, the heating of the precursor takes place at a temperature below the Ac 1 conversion temperature and the precursor undergoes an increase in strength by cold forming prior to heating.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist gegenüber dem aus der DE 601 19 826 T2 bekannten Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils den Vorteil auf, dass bei deutlich geringerem Energiebedarf für die Erwärmung die Bauteilfestigkeit nach der Umformung im Wesentlichen durch die vorher in das Vorprodukt eingebrachte Kaltverfestigung erzielt wird. Dadurch werden Energie und Legierungskosten gespart. Die eingebrachten Versetzungen führen zu einer erheblichen Festigkeitssteigerung, die durch den Erwärmungsprozess nur unwesentlich reduziert wird, so dass die Festigkeit des Bauteils gezielt eingestellt werden kann. Versuche haben zudem gezeigt, dass die Duktilität des fertigen Bauteils gegenüber einem durch Presshärten hergestellten Bauteil deutlich gesteigert werden konnte.The inventive method has opposite to that of DE 601 19 826 T2 known method for producing a component on the advantage that at significantly lower energy consumption for heating the component strength after forming in the Substantially achieved by the previously introduced into the precursor Kaltverfestigung. This saves energy and alloying costs. The introduced dislocations lead to a considerable increase in strength, which is only insignificantly reduced by the heating process, so that the strength of the component can be adjusted in a targeted manner. Experiments have also shown that the ductility of the finished component compared to a component produced by press-hardening could be significantly increased.

Für Flachprodukte, wie z. B. Warmband, wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren das sogenannte "Kaltanwalzen", also ein Walzen bei Raumtemperatur mit vergleichsweise geringen Umformgraden, genutzt, aus dem die umzuformenden Platinen geschnitten werden.For flat products, such. As hot strip, in the method according to the invention, the so-called "cold rolling", so a rolling at room temperature with comparatively low degrees of deformation used, from which the reshaped boards are cut.

Um einen wirksamen Effekt der zuvor in das Vorprodukt eingebrachten durch Kaltumformung erzielten Festigkeitssteigerung am fertigen Bauteil zu erreichen, sollte der Kaltumformgrad nicht unter 3% vorteilhaft nicht unter 5% liegen abhängig von dem eingesetzten Werkstoff des Vorproduktes.In order to achieve an effective effect of the previously introduced into the precursor by cold working strength increase on the finished component, the degree of cold work not less than 3% should not be less than 5% advantageous depending on the material used in the precursor.

Als vorteilhaft haben sich bei Warmband Umformgrade herausgestellt, die zwischen dem üblichen Dressierwalzen bei ca. 3% und dem Kaltwalzen bei ca. 50 - 80% liegen. Allerdings ist die Erfindung auch bei den hohen Umformgraden des Kaltwalzens problemlos anwendbar. In der Praxis haben sich Kaltumformgrade im Bereich von 5 bis 35% hervorragend bewährt.Forming degrees which have been found to be advantageous in the case of hot-rolled strip are between about 3% and about 50% to 80% between conventional temper rolling. However, the invention is easily applicable even at the high degrees of cold rolling. In practice, cold work grades in the range of 5 to 35% have proven excellent.

Bei Versuchen hat sich herausgestellt, dass die so eingestellte erhebliche Steigerung der Versetzungsdichte durch im Vergleich zum klassischen Warmumformprozess mittels Presshärten deutlich geringere Wiedererwärmungstemperaturen unterhalb der Ac1-Temperatur zu erheblichen Anteilen konserviert werden kann und somit dauerhaft auch nach dem Halbwarmumformen zur Festigkeit des umgeformten Produktes beiträgt. Die während der Umformung bei der niedrigen Umformtemperatur neu gebildeten Versetzungen bleiben zudem teilweise erhalten.In experiments, it has been found that the thus set significant increase in the dislocation density can be preserved to considerable proportions by compared to the classic hot forming process by press hardening significantly lower reheating temperatures below the Ac 1 temperature and thus permanently contributes to the strength of the formed product even after the warm forging , The newly formed during forming at the low forming temperature dislocations also remain partially preserved.

Gegenüber der DE 10 2004 028 236 B3 kann eine erhöhte Bauteilfestigkeit jetzt durch einen einfachen Kaltumformschritt am Vorprodukt vor der Warmumformung anstatt durch den Einsatz höherfester Werkstoffe erreicht werden.Opposite the DE 10 2004 028 236 B3 Increased component strength can now be achieved by a simple cold forming step on the precursor before hot working rather than by using higher strength materials.

Allerdings ist es bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren auch möglich, zusätzlich zur Festigkeitssteigerung durch Kaltumformung des Vorproduktes höherfeste Werkstoffe einzusetzen, z. B. wenn eine sehr deutliche Festigkeitssteigerung des Bauteils erreicht werden soll.However, it is also possible in the method according to the invention, in addition to the increase in strength by cold working of the precursor to use higher-strength materials, eg. B. if a very significant increase in strength of the component to be achieved.

Die Erfindung ist anwendbar bei Vorprodukten aus weichen bis hochfesten Stählen, z. B. mit Streckgrenzen von 140 MPa bis 1200 MPa, die mit einer zunder- bzw. korrosionshemmenden Schicht als metallischem Überzug versehen sein können. Der metallische Überzug kann Zn und/oder Mg und/oder Al und/oder Si enthalten.The invention is applicable to precursors of soft to high strength steels, eg. B. with yield strengths of 140 MPa to 1200 MPa, which may be provided with a scale or corrosion inhibiting layer as a metallic coating. The metallic coating may contain Zn and / or Mg and / or Al and / or Si.

Als höherfeste Stähle kommen alle einphasigen aber auch mehrphasige Stahlsorten zur Anwendung. Dazu gehören mikrolegierte höherfeste Stahlsorten genauso wie bainitische oder martensitische Sorten und Dual- oder Mehrphasenstähle.As higher-strength steels, all single-phase as well as multi-phase steel grades are used. These include microalloyed high-strength steels as well as bainitic or martensitic grades and dual or multiphase steels.

Im Gegensatz zu gängigen Fertigungsrouten kann bereits oberflächenveredeltes Warmband für die Umformung im Anschluss an eine Erwärmung eingesetzt werden, da die Haftung und die Duktilität eine Halbwarmumformung mit geringen Umformgraden erträgt. Der metallische Überzug ist gegen kurzzeitige Wiedererwärmungen der Kombination Substrat/Beschichtung (Stahlband/Beschichtung) unterhalb der Ac1-Temperatur des Substrats resistent, um die Wiedererwärmung vor der Halbwarmformung und der eigentlichen Halbwarmformung zu überstehen.In contrast to conventional production routes, surface-finished hot strip can already be used for forming following heating, since the adhesion and the ductility endure half-hot forming with low degrees of deformation. The metallic coating is resistant to short-term reheating of the substrate / coating combination (steel strip / coating) below the Ac 1 temperature of the substrate to survive reheating prior to semi-hot forming and actual semi-hot forming.

Aufgrund der vergleichsweise geringen Wärmemenge kann auf großräumige Wiedererwärmungsaggregate, wie z. B. Tunnelöfen oder Kammeröfen, zugunsten schnell und direkt wirkender Systeme (induktiv, konduktiv und insbesondere Strahlung) verzichtet werden.Due to the relatively low amount of heat can be used on large-scale reheating units such. As tunnel ovens or chamber furnaces, in favor of fast and direct-acting systems (inductive, conductive and in particular radiation) are dispensed with.

Außerdem kommt das beschriebene neue Verfahren mit erheblich weniger Wärmeenergie aus, bzw. der energetische Wirkungsgrad ist höher als beim Presshärten. Dadurch sind die Prozesskosten geringer und der CO2 Ausstoß wird reduziert.In addition, the new method described with significantly less heat energy, or the energy efficiency is higher than during press hardening. This reduces process costs and reduces CO 2 emissions.

Bevorzugt erfolgt die Wiedererwärmung vor dem Halbwarmformen mittels Strahlung, da hier der Wirkungsgrad deutlich höher ist als bei einer Erwärmung in einem Ofen oder bei konduktiver Erwärmung und der Energieeintrag in das Material je nach Oberflächenbeschaffenheit schneller und effektiver erfolgt.Preferably, the reheating takes place before the half-warm forms by means of radiation, since the efficiency is significantly higher than when heated in an oven or conductive heating and the energy input into the material takes place faster and more effective depending on the surface condition.

Durch den Einsatz von Strahlern ist es auch möglich, gezielt einzelne Bereiche des umzuformenden Werkstückes zu erwärmen, um belastungsoptimierte Bauteile zu erhalten.Through the use of spotlights, it is also possible to selectively heat individual areas of the workpiece to be formed in order to obtain load-optimized components.

Für den Transport zwischen Wärmequelle und Umformwerkzeug kann es weiterhin sinnvoll sein, besonders im Falle von sehr dünnen Blechen (z. B. <0,8mm), eine Profilierung der Zuschnitte zur Erhöhung der lokalen Steifigkeit vorzusehen. Dies ist beim konventionellen Presshärten nicht möglich, da die zu erzielende Festigkeit eine schroffe Abkühlung erfordert, welche sich über Leibung im Werkzeug aufgrund der Profilierung ausschließt.For the transport between the heat source and the forming tool, it may also be useful, especially in the case of very thin sheets (eg <0.8 mm), to provide a profiling of the blanks to increase the local rigidity. This is not possible in conventional press hardening, since the strength to be achieved requires a rapid cooling, which excludes over mold in the tool due to the profiling.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird das kaltumgeformte Vorprodukt auf eine Temperatur von unterhalb 720°C vorteilhaft in einem Temperaturbereich von 400 - 700°C erwärmt und anschließend zu einem Bauteil umgeformt. Die optimale Umformtemperatur ist abhängig von der geforderten Festigkeit des Bauteils und liegt bevorzugt etwa zwischen 540°C und 700°C.In the method according to the invention, the cold-formed intermediate product is advantageously heated to a temperature of below 720 ° C. in a temperature range of 400-700 ° C. and then shaped into a component. The optimum forming temperature depends on the required strength of the component and is preferably between about 540 ° C and 700 ° C.

Durch die Umformung (Pressen) werden zusätzlich zu dem vorherigen Kaltanwalzen weitere Versetzungen eingebracht, über die vorteilhaft eine weitere Festigkeitssteigerung eingestellt werden kann, da die Temperatur für eine vollständige Auslöschung der Versetzungen im Sinne der Rekristallisation oder Erholung bei industriell genutzten Taktzeiten von maximal 15 s je Bauteil bzw. deutlich darunter nicht ausreicht.By reshaping (pressing), in addition to the previous Kaltanwalzen further dislocations are introduced over the advantageous further increase in strength can be adjusted, since the temperature for a complete extinction of the dislocations in the sense of recrystallization or recovery at industrially used cycle times of a maximum of 15 s each Component or significantly below it is not sufficient.

In Kombination mit der Behinderung von Versetzungen durch interstitiell gelöste Elemente (z. B. C, B, N) wird während des Pressvorgangs und der anschließenden Abkühlung eine weitere Festigkeitssteigerung durch den sogenannten "Bake-Hardening Effekt" oder durch eine zusätzliche Ausscheidungsbildung, z. B. VC, ermöglicht. Alternativ kann die Festigkeitssteigerung durch eine geregelte Abkühlung oder eine spätere Wärmebehandlung (z. B. Lackeinbrennen oder Spannungsarmglühen) erfolgen.In combination with the obstruction of dislocations by interstitially dissolved elements (eg C, B, N) a further increase in strength is achieved during the pressing process and the subsequent cooling by the so-called "bake-hardening effect" or by an additional excretion formation, eg. B. VC, allows. Alternatively, the increase in strength can be achieved by controlled cooling or subsequent heat treatment (eg paint baking or stress relief annealing).

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird bei Erwärmung des Vorproduktes auf Umformtemperatur eine lokale Überschreitung des Temperaturbereichs des Halbwarmformens in den Austenitisierungsbereich vorgenommen, um gezielt lokale Eigenschaftsänderungen vorzunehmen (z. B. lokale Härtung), die in Kombination mit der Festigkeitssteigerung des restlichen Materials den späteren Beanspruchungen des Bauteils angepasst sind.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the precursor is heated to the forming temperature, a local exceeding of the temperature range of the Semi-warm forming in the austenitizing made in order to make specific local property changes (eg local hardening), which are adapted to the subsequent stresses of the component in combination with the increase in strength of the remaining material.

Claims (10)

  1. Method for producing a component by hot working a steel mill bar cut from a hot strip, the mill bar being heated to working temperature and then being worked,
    characterised in that
    the mill bar is heated to a temperature below the Ac1 transformation temperature and the strength of the mill bar is increased prior to heating by means of strain hardening, the mill bar being worked to a strain level of at least 3% during the strain hardening.
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the mill bar is worked to a strain level of at least 5%.
  3. Method according to claim 2,
    characterised in that
    the mill bar is worked to a strain level of at least 5-35%.
  4. Method according to any of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that
    the mill bar is heated to a temperature of less than 720°C.
  5. Method according to claim 4,
    characterised in that
    the mill bar is heated within a temperature range of from 400 to 700°C.
  6. Method according to claim 5,
    characterised in that
    the mill bar is heated within a temperature range of from 540 to 700°C.
  7. Method according to any of claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that
    the mill bar is provided with a metal or paint-like coating prior to being heated.
  8. Method according to claim 7,
    characterised in that
    the mill bar is provided with a metal or paint-like coating prior to the strain hardening.
  9. Method according to either claim 7 or claim 8,
    characterised in that
    the metal coating contains Zn and/or Mg and/or At and/or Si.
  10. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in that
    the mill bar is heated to working temperature by induction, conduction or radiation.
EP12750986.7A 2011-07-20 2012-07-04 Method for producing a component by hot-forming a steel precursor product Active EP2734652B1 (en)

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DE102011108162A DE102011108162B4 (en) 2011-07-20 2011-07-20 Process for producing a component by hot forming a precursor of steel
PCT/DE2012/000685 WO2013010524A1 (en) 2011-07-20 2012-07-04 Method for producing a component by hot-forming a steel precursor product

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JP6582892B2 (en) * 2015-11-04 2019-10-02 日本製鉄株式会社 Hot rolling method for steel
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RU2014106307A (en) 2015-08-27
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RU2581948C2 (en) 2016-04-20
EP2734652A1 (en) 2014-05-28
WO2013010524A1 (en) 2013-01-24
KR102006963B1 (en) 2019-08-02
US9943894B2 (en) 2018-04-17
US20140290322A1 (en) 2014-10-02
KR20140050041A (en) 2014-04-28

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