EP2448564A2 - Formulation pharmaceutique améliorant la solubilité - Google Patents

Formulation pharmaceutique améliorant la solubilité

Info

Publication number
EP2448564A2
EP2448564A2 EP10763477A EP10763477A EP2448564A2 EP 2448564 A2 EP2448564 A2 EP 2448564A2 EP 10763477 A EP10763477 A EP 10763477A EP 10763477 A EP10763477 A EP 10763477A EP 2448564 A2 EP2448564 A2 EP 2448564A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pharmaceutically acceptable
pharmaceutical composition
weight
acceptable salt
ezetimibe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10763477A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bilgic Mahmut
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bilgic Mahmut
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2448564A2 publication Critical patent/EP2448564A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/397—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having four-membered rings, e.g. azetidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
    • A61K31/405—Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
    • A61K9/2086—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
    • A61K9/209—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat containing drug in at least two layers or in the core and in at least one outer layer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the pharmaceutical formulations comprising a therapeutically active substance with solubility problem in combination with other therapeutically active substances, and the methods for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof.
  • the present invention provides a combination effective in reducing elevated total cholesterol (total-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (Apo B) 5 and triglyceride (TG) levels, and in increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia or primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous familial and non-familial hypercholesterolemia); in reducing elevated total-C and LDL-C levels in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH); and in reducing elevated sitosterol and campesterol levels in patients with homozygous familial sitosterolemia.
  • This effect provided by the combination of the present invention is hereinafter referred as "the desired effect”.
  • the mentioned combination comprises ezetimibe as a cholesterol absorption inhibitor and atorvastatin as an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
  • Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor with the chemical name of (3R,4S) -1- (4- fluorophenyl) -3- [(35)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl] -4- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2- azetidinone (Formula I).
  • Ezetimibe is disclosed for the first time in the U.S. patent application of 5631365 A (USRE37721E, US5767115 A, US5846966 A, WO9508532 Al and EP0720599 B1 are also members of the same patent family).
  • Processes for preparation of ezetimibe, pharmaceutical compositions comprising ezetimibe and the use of ezetimibe as a hypocholesterolemic agent are also disclosed in the same prior art.
  • ezetimibe in combination with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, such as lovastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, simvastatin and atorvastatin, is effective in reducing the plasma cholesterol levels and in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as lovastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, simvastatin and atorvastatin
  • Ezetimibe is an anti-hyperlipidemic medication suitable for oral administration. It lowers serum cholesterol concentration by selectively inhibiting the absorption of phytosterols, such as cholesterol and the like, in the intestine. Its mechanism of action is complementary to that of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Therefore, the cholesterol lowering effect of coadministered ezetimibe and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors increases synergistically.
  • Atorvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with a chemical name of ( ⁇ R, ⁇ R)-2-(4- Fluoro-phenyl)- ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxy-5-(l -methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-lH ' - pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid (Formula II).
  • Atorvastatin is disclosed for the first time in the patent numbered EP409281 Bl (EP1061073 Bl and US5273995 A are in the same patent family). Processes for preparing atorvastatin and the use of atorvastatin as a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor are also disclosed in the same prior art. f
  • Atorvastatin is a hypolipidemic drug which is a selective competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy- 3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Atorvastatin is the only drug in this class that can reduce both elevated LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
  • HMG-CoA 3-hydroxy- 3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A
  • Ezetimibe a first-in-class, novel cholesterol absorption inhibitor.
  • the present invention based on the synergistic cholesterol lowering effect of ezetimibe and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors is directed to obtain a combination of ezetimibe as an effective hypocholesterolemic agent with atorvastatin as a potent hypolipidemic agent that provides the desired effect.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a formulation of the invention comprising pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic and therapeutically effective amount of a combination of ezetimibe and atorvastatin in a dosage form such as a tablet designed to achieve the desired effect.
  • particle size reduction might not be always effective in increasing the dissolution rate of a drug, because as the particles get bigger during the manufacturing process of the pharmaceutical dosage form, increase in the particle size results in the agglomeration of particles.
  • nanoparticulate technology Another technique applied to increase the surface area is nanoparticulate technology.
  • problems are faced during the nanoparticulate formation, such as technical and mechanical limitations that prevent the reduction of particle size to nanoparticulate measures, and stability issues of these small sized active agent particles.
  • first pharmacological moiety is selected from HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and second pharmacological moiety is selected from the group of active agents including cholesterol absorption inhibitors such as ezetimibe.
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are defined as atorvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, cerivastatin and rosuvastatin.
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are defined to be atorvastatin, simvastatin and rosuvastatin.
  • TMs invention provides examples of formulations with known excipients. However, the solubility problem of ezetimibe is not mentioned here, hence no solution for this problem was presented by this application.
  • a method for treating or preventing sitosterolemia comprising administering at least one sterol absorption inhibitor (ezetimibe), optionally in combination with at least one lipid lowering agent, is disclosed in the International Patent Application with publication number 2002/058696.
  • Lipid lowering agent is defined to be an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor selected from atorvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin and rosuvastatin.
  • This invention particularly relates to the medical use of ezetimibe.
  • the solubility problem of ezetimibe is not mentioned here, hence no solution for this problem was presented by this application.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising therapeutically effective amount of ezetimibe or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a therapeutically effective amount of atorvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous familial and non-familial hypercholesterolemia), mixed hyperlipidemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and homozygous familial sitosterolemia, characterized in that ezetimibe or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and atorvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are preformulated in a series of manufacturing process steps.
  • primary hypercholesterolemia heterozygous familial and non-familial hypercholesterolemia
  • mixed hyperlipidemia homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and homozygous familial sitosterolemia
  • the manufacturing process of the present invention which provides a formulation so as to obtain the desired effect is as follows: atorvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent and optionally other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, preferably a disintegrant and a glidant, are mixed and afterwards sieved to obtain the first mixture;
  • Ezetimibe or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is dissolved in 1-propanol, 2- propanol, acetone or a mixture of these to obtain a granulation solution;
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent is granulated by spraying the granulation solution
  • the granules obtained in the previous step are dried and sieved, and optionally mixed with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, preferably a disintegrant, to obtain the first mixture;
  • both of the mixtures are mixed to obtain a homogenous tablet, and the final mixture is optionally mixed with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, preferably a lubricant, and is finalized for tablet press;
  • both of the mixtures are fed separately to the tablet press machine to obtain a layered tablet;
  • tablets obtained in the previous step are film-coated.
  • the present invention based on the synergistic cholesterol lowering effect of ezetimibe and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors is directed to obtain a combination of ezetimibe and atorvastatin to provide the desired effect.
  • a solubility problem is encountered in these attempts.
  • compositions comprising ezetimibe (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt) and atorvastatin (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt), which are preformulated in a series of manufacturing steps, show the optimum efficiency in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases.
  • compositions comprising specific amounts of ezetimibe (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt) and atorvastatin (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt) and at least one diluent in an high amount and, optionally, at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient selected from the group of binders, disintegrants, lubricants and glidants, show the optimum efficiency in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases.
  • atorvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent and optionally other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, preferably a disintegrant and a glidant, were mixed and afterwards sieved to obtain the first mixture;
  • ezetimibe or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt was dissolved in a granulation solution comprising 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetone or a mixture of these.
  • ezetimibe usually tends to agglomerate
  • the granules obtained by spraying the granulation solution comprising ezetimibe onto a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent and after being dried and sieved exhibited a dissolution rate greater than 90% in the first 10 minutes in the dissolution medium of ezetimibe.
  • the second mixture was obtained by optionally mixing these granules with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, preferably a disintegrant.
  • Both of the mixtures were mixed together and this final mixture was optionally mixed with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, preferably a lubricant, and was finalized for tablet press or to obtain a layered tablet both of the mixtures were fed separately to the tablet press machine.
  • other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients preferably a lubricant
  • tablets obtained in the previous step were optionally film-coated.
  • variable cardiovascular diseases refers to primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous familial and non-familial hypercholesterolemia), mixed hyperlipidemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and homozygous familial sitosterolemia.
  • ezetimibe or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
  • atorvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
  • at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent in an amount of at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80% by weight and if needed at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient selected from excipients such as binders, disintegrants, lubricants and glidants, which all of them are preferred to obtain the desired effect.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt of atorvastatin” may be derived from inorganic bases selected from the group of alkali metals such as sodium, lithium and potassium, earth alkali metals such as calcium and magnesium, and other inorganic bases such as aluminium, zinc, ammonium or organic bases selected from the group of arginine, betaine, caffeine, .
  • choline N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2- dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N- ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucosamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purine, theobromine, basic ion-exchange resins such as triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, cyclic amines, substituted amines, primary, secondary, tertiary amines, and preferably calcium salt.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable diluents may be selected from the group of lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, pregelatinized starch, modified starch, calcium phosphate (dibasic and/or tribasic), calcium sulfate trihydrate, calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium carbonate, kaolin, lactilol, powder cellulose, dextrose, dextrates, dextrin, sucrose, maltose, fructose, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises preferably lactose as diluent.
  • Lactose may be selected from the different forms of lactose such as lactose DC, lactose monohydrate, lactose anhydrous, and the like. Besides the lactose another diluent selected from the group listed above can also be added to the composition.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable binders can be selected from the group of starch (e.g. potato starch, cornstarch or wheat starch), sucrose, glucose, dextrose, lactose, sugars like maltodexrin, natural and synthetic gums (e.g. acacia tree), gelatin, cellulose derivatives (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose, HPC, HEC, HPMC 5 carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, waxes, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, alcohols (e.g. sorbitol, xylitol and mannitol) and water.
  • the binder is present in the formulation preferably in a range of 0-10% by weight, more preferably in a range of 0.1-5% by weight.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable disintegrants may be selected from the group of starch (e.g. potato starch, corn starch), sodium starch glycolate, pregelatinized starch, cellulose derivatives (e.g. croscarmellose sodium, microcrystalline cellulose), polyvinylpyrrolidone, crospovidone, alginic acid, sodium alginate, clays (e.g. xanthan gum or Veegum), ion- exchange resins, effervescent systems such as those utilizing food acids and alkaline carbonate components, and the like.
  • croscarmellose sodium is used.
  • Disintegrant is present in the formulation preferably in a range of 0-10% by weight, more preferably in a range of 1-5% by weight.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable glidants can be selected from the group of silicon dioxide, magnesium trisilicate, powdered cellulose, starch, talc, tribasic calcium phosphate, metallic stearates, calcium silicate and metallic lauryl sulfate.
  • silicon dioxide is used.
  • the weight % of the glidant in the formulation is lower than 1%.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable lubricants can be selected from the group of metallic stearates (e.g. magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, aluminum stearate), fatty acid esters (e.g. sodium stearyl fumarate), fatty acids (e.g. stearic acid), fatty alcohols, glyceryl behenate, mineral oils, paraffins, hydrogenated vegetable oils, leucine, polyethylene glycols (PEG), metallic lauryl sulfates (e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate, magnesium lauryl sulfate), sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate and talk.
  • metallic stearates e.g. magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, aluminum stearate
  • fatty acid esters e.g. sodium stearyl fumarate
  • fatty acids e.g. stearic acid
  • fatty alcohols e.g. glyceryl behenate
  • mineral oils
  • Lubricant is present in the formulation preferably in a range of 0-10% by weight, more preferably in a range of 0.25-5% by weight.
  • antioxidants, protectors, stabilizers, solubility enhancers, electrolytes, sweeteners, colorants, coating agents can be used as other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in the formulation.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des formulations pharmaceutiques comprenant une substance active sur le plan thérapeutique avec des problèmes de solubilité en combinaison avec d'autres substances actives sur le plan thérapeutique, et des procédés de préparation correspondants, ainsi que leur utilisation.
EP10763477A 2009-07-02 2010-06-25 Formulation pharmaceutique améliorant la solubilité Withdrawn EP2448564A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR200905149 2009-07-02
PCT/TR2010/000123 WO2011002422A2 (fr) 2009-07-02 2010-06-25 Formulation pharmaceutique améliorant la solubilité

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2448564A2 true EP2448564A2 (fr) 2012-05-09

Family

ID=43411648

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10763477A Withdrawn EP2448564A2 (fr) 2009-07-02 2010-06-25 Formulation pharmaceutique améliorant la solubilité

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2448564A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011002422A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MX2013006332A (es) * 2013-06-05 2014-12-19 Alparis Sa De Cv Composiciones farmaceuticas orales para uso en dislipidemias.
CN103340852A (zh) * 2013-07-01 2013-10-09 北京阜康仁生物制药科技有限公司 含有依折麦布和阿托伐他汀的药物组合物
CN103784436B (zh) * 2014-02-27 2016-06-01 安徽联创生物医药股份有限公司 一种降脂复方制剂及其制备方法
CN104013617A (zh) * 2014-05-13 2014-09-03 万特制药(海南)有限公司 一种含有依折麦布和阿托伐他汀钙的组合物及其制备方法
TR201702101A2 (tr) * 2017-02-13 2018-08-27 Sanovel Ilac Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Atorvastati̇n kalsi̇yum ve ezeti̇mi̇bi̇n farmasöti̇k i̇ki̇ katmanli tablet bi̇leşi̇mi̇
TR201820324A2 (en) * 2018-12-25 2020-07-21 Sanovel Ilac Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM AND EZETİMİBİN PHARMACEUTICAL DOUBLE LAYER TABLET FORMULATION
KR102496243B1 (ko) * 2020-01-14 2023-02-07 일동제약(주) 아토르바스타틴 및 에제티미브를 포함하는 정제
EP4188338A1 (fr) 2020-07-27 2023-06-07 KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto Comprimé bicouche comprenant de l'ézétimibe et de l'atorvastatine

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FI94339C (fi) 1989-07-21 1995-08-25 Warner Lambert Co Menetelmä farmaseuttisesti käyttökelpoisen /R-(R*,R*)/-2-(4-fluorifenyyli)- , -dihydroksi-5-(1-metyylietyyli)-3-fenyyli-4-/(fenyyliamino)karbonyyli/-1H-pyrroli-1-heptaanihapon ja sen farmaseuttisesti hyväksyttävien suolojen valmistamiseksi
US5631365A (en) 1993-09-21 1997-05-20 Schering Corporation Hydroxy-substituted azetidinone compounds useful as hypocholesterolemic agents
CZ305202B6 (cs) 2001-01-26 2015-06-10 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Farmaceutický prostředek
AR040588A1 (es) * 2002-07-26 2005-04-13 Schering Corp Formulacion farmaceutica que comprende un inhibidor de la absorcion del colesterol y un inhibidor de una hmg- co a reductasa
TW200719916A (en) 2005-04-12 2007-06-01 Psivida Inc HMGCoA reductase inhibitor combinations and uses thereof
WO2006134604A1 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Hetero Drugs Limited Composition combinant un inhibiteur d’absorption du cholestérol et un inhibiteur de la 3-hydroxy-3-méthylglutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) réductase
EP1741427A1 (fr) * 2005-07-06 2007-01-10 KRKA, D.D., Novo Mesto Composition pharmaceutique comprenant la simvastatin et l'ezetimibe
EP2120882A2 (fr) * 2007-02-23 2009-11-25 Krka Composition pharmaceutique comprenant un inhibiteur d'absorption du cholestérol
WO2009024889A2 (fr) * 2007-08-21 2009-02-26 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited Composition pharmaceutique comprenant un inhibiteur de réductase hmg-coa et un ézétimibe
TR200806300A2 (tr) * 2008-08-22 2010-03-22 B�Lg�� Mahmut Çözünürlük artırıcı farmasötlk formulasyon

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011002422A2 (fr) 2011-01-06
WO2011002422A3 (fr) 2011-04-28

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