EP2447420A1 - Mast - Google Patents

Abstract

The mast (1) has elongated steel profile portion (2) with an upper free end (3), and a depth portion that is arranged at the bottom mast foot (5). The mast foot has concrete enclosure (4) located in concrete foundation (6). The mast foot is coated with epoxy paint for corrosion resistance.

Description

The invention relates to a mast, in particular overhead mast, with an elongated steel profile part, with an upper free mast end, and a recessed in the ground mastfuß.

In the infrastructure area of electrically operated rail- or road-bound means of transport masts are used to carry the necessary overhead power for the power supply. Currently reinforced concrete masts are often used for this, which absorb the forces acting on the masts forces or bending moments and ensure a firm anchorage in the ground. In the railway sector, it has proven to anchor the masts in quiver foundations. While the use of reinforced concrete pylons along the usually single- or double-tracked lines hardly leads to visual obstructions, in areas of high track density, such as in stations or shifting areas, with generally scarce spacing between the tracks, for the driver of the means of transport Density of masts and their width dimensions to visual obstructions, and thus come to security risks. These obstructions are also increased by masts for various other purposes, such as for signal systems. Furthermore, with masts between tracks with low track-to-center spacing, the use of currently customary masts is not possible due to violation of the clearance.

Steel masts are known from the prior art, which may be formed due to the non-existing concrete envelope with smaller cross-sectional dimensions. So revealed the DE 37 18 169 C1 a concrete foundation for steel pylons with an underground section that continues above ground in a pedestal. On the upper side emerges a steel profile connected to a mast or a steel profile embedded in the foundation.

The DE 20 2006 011 748 U1 discloses an anchoring device for ground anchoring masts, wherein a precast concrete foundation of threaded anchor bolts protruding from the foundation is used to attach steel lattice towers thereto.

The DE 28 31 255 A1 relates to a connection of a transmission tower with foundation piles by means of screws.

The US 4,228,627 A shows a steel mast that is bolted to a foundation.

Likewise, numerous cross-sectional profiles are known from the prior art. That's how it reveals CN 201261403 Y a steel element with H-section for masts electrically powered tracks.

These known devices already use steel masts for supporting overhead lines and the like, but do not allow assembly by insertion in prefabricated concrete foundations, such as quiver foundations.

It is therefore an object of the invention to avoid the disadvantages resulting from the prior art and provide masts that are designed to be as narrow as possible, and yet have the required strength. By a high corrosion resistance to the highest possible life of the mast should be achievable. Furthermore, the mast should be suitable for secure anchoring in prefabricated concrete foundations, in particular quiver foundations.

The objects are achieved in that the mast base is provided with a concrete sheath for placement in a foundation. As a mast base is understood in the context of this description that lower part of the ready-made elongated masts, which is enveloped by a concrete layer and arranged for the most part in a foundation. Depending on the design of the cross-sectional profile, the width dimensions of the concrete envelope can exceed the width dimensions of the steel profile part by about 10 to 30 cm, according to the usual known production techniques of reinforced concrete pylons. The mast according to the invention can be anchored in a foundation, for example a quiver foundation. In particular, the mast according to the invention allows the anchoring in the foundation by means of the assembly operations used in known reinforced concrete pylons, without being limited to these, wherein the gap between the mast base and the inner surface of the concrete foundation is filled with gravel and closed with an in-situ concrete ring at the top. In order to ensure a safe and permanent transmission of the forces acting on the mast via the mast base on the foundation, a stable design and protection against corrosion, especially due to moisture, is necessary. A direct arrangement of, for example, only galvanized steel profile part in a quiver foundation is not suitable for reasons of risk of corrosion in the field of Mastfußes. The risk of corrosion is avoided as far as possible by the complete enclosure of the mast base with concrete. The concrete envelope extends in the position of use of the mast preferably above the earth level, in particular at least 0.5 m above the upper edge of the foundation. The mast thus has above the earth level for the most part no concrete envelope, whereby the requirement of a narrow design is met. The particularly narrow mast can preferably be used between closely adjacent tracks, in particular in the switch area, whereby a visual obstruction can be reduced and safety can be increased. Of course, the mast for receiving the predominantly one-sided acting forces, for example, by the weight of overhead lines, are anchored in an inclined position relative to the ground. Typical mast heights are in the range of about 10 m to about 20 m. Although mainly on trolley masts is addressed, an application in other areas is possible.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mast base has anchoring elements which project at least in a partial area and are embedded in the concrete envelope. The embedded anchoring elements are attached to the steel profile part and ensure both a firm anchoring of the steel profile part in the concrete envelope as well as a safe power transmission to the concrete envelope and the foundation. The anchoring elements may have various embodiments, such as bolts or webs. Likewise, in the context of the invention, the anchoring can be realized with recesses corresponding to the material weakening compensating construction of the steel profile part.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anchoring elements, in particular head bolt dowels, formed of steel, and connected to the mast base of the steel profile part, preferably welded. The anchoring elements are attached to parts of the outsides of the mast and need not necessarily be arranged along the entire height of the concrete envelope. The horizontal and vertical spacing of the anchoring elements to one another may vary depending on the shape of the cross-sectional profile and on the mast height. In an exemplary embodiment approximately in that area of the mast base, which is arranged in the quiver foundation, due to the forces absorbing effect of the foundation fewer anchoring elements are provided, while because of the large acting on the mast base bending moments above the foundation level, the anchoring elements approximately in this area in larger Density are arranged. Likewise, depending on the cross-sectional profile of the steel profile part, the extent of the forces to be absorbed and the density, the anchoring elements may have different diameters.

For additional mechanical reinforcement of the mast base, a reinforcement made of steel is arranged in the concrete casing, which is preferably connected in an electrically conductive manner to the steel profile part. The arrangement of the reinforcement takes place for example in the form of one or more reinforcing grid. In order to further increase the stability of the mast foot, the reinforcement is advantageously in firm connection with the anchoring elements. In particular, an electrical connection is provided for reasons of lightning protection and for the discharge of currents in the event of short circuits, as they occur in particular in insulator fittings.

In order to protect the steel profile part additionally from penetrating moisture, in particular by rainwater, the top of the concrete envelope is preferably formed by the steel profile part outwardly and downwardly inclined. This ensures drainage of the water flowing downwards from the masts along the top of the concrete envelope to the surrounding soil. In a further embodiment, for avoidance sharp edges the concrete edges are broken.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel profile part is formed by an I-profile. A mast according to the invention with a steel profile part formed in this way is preferably suitable for absorbing comparable bending moments, such as a N6 reinforced concrete tower. However, the configuration of the profile is not limited to an I-shape in the context of the invention. It can also H-profiles and I- or H-like profiles are provided with not necessarily parallel opposite sides or sides of different width dimensions.

Advantageously, the steel profile part from the upper mast end to the mast base substantially constant cross-sectional dimensions. Such a profile is the simplest and thus the most cost-effective. For example, the I-profile has a substantially square base.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel profile part is formed by a box profile. The box profile gives the mast particularly high stability against the bending moments acting. In a preferred embodiment of the box profile, this has two opposite side surfaces and two opposing connecting surfaces connecting them. The distance of the connecting surfaces to each other is advantageously less than the width of at least one of the side surfaces. Furthermore, the side surfaces which are not necessarily parallel to one another may have different width dimensions. A mast constructed in this way has comparable load characteristics with a reinforced concrete tower type F4. In a preferred embodiment, the width of the mast along the side surfaces is greater than its width in the orthogonal direction thereto.

In order to further increase the stability of the mast with respect to generally unilaterally acting loads, at least one width dimension of the box profile is at least over a partial section increasingly formed from the top of the mast to the mast base. The formation of a broad side with over the mast height substantially constant dimensions ensures a reduction of obstructions by the width dimensions of the mast, while the increasing width of this orthogonal mast side high unilaterally acting forces account. However, the formation of the mast with box section is by no means limited to at least a constant width dimension. Changes in the width dimensions of a second broad side of the mast are therefore also within the scope of the invention.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel profile part is made of interconnected, preferably welded, sheets. This embodiment enables a simple, flexible and demand-oriented construction of the profiles.

In order to be able to absorb the bending moments that occur at different angles along the mast, the metal sheets have different thicknesses in one embodiment of the invention. The gradations of the sheet thicknesses are adjusted according to the respective static requirements. The sheets in the lower part of the mast have a greater thickness than in the upper mast area. Further, regardless of their thickness, the sheets may have different width dimensions to produce a mast with at least one width dimension varying from the top mast end toward the mast foot.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the steel profile part above the concrete envelope mounting holes. In order to protect a box-section mast structure from the ingress of moisture and resulting corrosion, mounting holes are placed on the opposite side of the connecting surfaces at least one protruding side surface. Likewise, if necessary, further mounting holes can be inserted in the masts in the use position. The mounting holes are used to connect grounding cables or other devices.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, supporting elements are arranged on the steel profile part above the concrete envelope. The support elements can be designed for different loads. As materials, metal, plastics, composites or the like are suitable, and the assembly can be done by welding, gluing, screwing and the like.

Since the mast should be protected against corrosion to ensure a long service life, permanently high stability and safety, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the steel profile part is hot-dip galvanized. This process is carried out after any welding operations. Preferably, the entire steel profile part, including possibly associated with this anchoring elements, hot-dip galvanized.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, at least the mast base of the steel profile part is provided with a corrosion protection, in particular an epoxy resin coating. The Epoxidharzanstrich can be applied both as sole corrosion inhibitor on the steel profile part as well as advantageously in addition to a corrosion protection by hot dip galvanizing. As a result, the corrosion protection for the steel profile part is further improved. Due to the particularly high mechanical stress of the Mastfußes the epoxy resin coating is applied at least on this, but preferably on the entire mast. The layer thickness can be about 500 microns and protrudes about at least 10 cm beyond the top of the concrete envelope. The epoxy resin paint is to be understood here only as an example, so that different corrosion inhibitors are of course within the scope of the invention.

• Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Masts;
• Fig. 2 ein Schnittbild durch einen im Fundament angeordneten Mastfuß, in größerem Maßstab;
• Fig. 3 ein Schnittbild durch einen Mastfuß in einem Fundament in einer anderen Ausgestaltung;
• Fig. 4 ein horizontales Schnittbild durch einen Mastfuß gemäß der Erfindung;
• Fig. 5 ein horizontales Schnittbild durch einen anders aufgebauten Mastfuß gemäß der Erfindung;
• Fig. 6 ein I-Profil des Stahlprofils eines Masts gemäß der Erfindung;
• Fig. 7 ein Kastenprofil eines Masts gemäß der Erfindung; und
• Fig. 8 eine Seitenansicht eines Masts mit Kastenprofil gemäß der Erfindung mit sich verändernder Breitenabmessung.

In the following, the invention will be illustrated by way of non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the mast and described in the accompanying drawings. Show:

• Fig. 1 a side view of an embodiment of a mast according to the invention;
• Fig. 2 a sectional view through a mast base arranged in the foundation, on a larger scale;
• Fig. 3 a sectional view through a mast base in a foundation in another embodiment;
• Fig. 4 a horizontal sectional view through a mast base according to the invention;
• Fig. 5 a horizontal sectional view through a differently constructed mast base according to the invention;
• Fig. 6 an I-profile of the steel profile of a mast according to the invention;
• Fig. 7 a box section of a mast according to the invention; and
• Fig. 8 a side view of a mast with box profile according to the invention with changing width dimension.

FIG. 1 shows a mast 1 according to the invention with a steel profile part 2, which has an upper mast end 3, and a concrete sheath 4 having Mastfuß 5, which is arranged in a concrete foundation 6, which, as shown in FIG FIG. 1 a quiver foundation can be. Accordingly, there is a gravel layer 7 for the purpose of anchoring the mast base 5 between this and the quiver foundation 6. The gravel layer 7 is usually closed with an in-situ concrete ring 7 'at the top. The top of the cast-in-situ concrete ring 7 'can be formed tapered outwards. As can be seen from the illustration, only a part of the mast base 5 is arranged in the foundation 6, while its remainder section runs above the foundation 6 in order to absorb the bending moments caused by the generally unilaterally acting loads on the mast base 5 together with the steel profile part 2 , As the material for the steel profile part 2, for example, a structural steel S355J2 + N is used, and the concrete of the concrete sheath 4 is preferably of the type C35 / 45-XF4, F45, GK8. Instead of the foundation 6 made of concrete, other constructions, such as piles and bored piles, can be used.

In order to ensure the strongest possible anchoring of the steel profile part 2 in the concrete casing 4 and a safe power transmission to the concrete casing 4 and the foundation 6 are, as in FIG. 2 illustrated, anchoring elements 8 on the steel profile part 2 fixed and thus embedded in the concrete envelope 4. These anchoring elements 8 are preferably welded to the steel profile part 2 head bolt dowel made of steel. Since the lower part of the mast base 5 is surrounded by the foundation 6, which contributes significantly to absorbing the forces acting on the masts 1, can, as in FIG. 3 is shown in this section, the number of anchoring elements 8 may be less than in the overlying part of the mast base 5, which does not have this enclosure by the foundation 6. So, in particular, in FIG. 3 is shown, both the number of juxtaposed anchoring elements 8, and thus their horizontal distance, as well as their vertical distance vary over the height of the mast base 5, preferably in the area above the foundation 6, a higher density of the anchoring elements 8 is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the diameter of the head bolt dowel about 20 mm to 30 mm and their vertical distance from each other in the range of about 100 mm to 125 mm, and their horizontal distance from each other in the range of about 120 mm to 175 mm vary. Exemplary head studs are made of steel S235J2 + C450.

For further reinforcement of the mast base 5 is used according to the embodiment according to FIG. 4 a reinforcement 9 made of steel, which is preferably formed by means of reinforcing bars or one or more reinforcing grid. For a stable as possible embodiment, the reinforcement 9 with the anchoring elements 8 mechanically fixed, for example by interlocking arrangement or by welding, in particular electrically connected. The reinforcement 9 consists for example of reinforcing steel grade Bst 550th

The top 10 of the concrete envelope 4 is further, as in particular in FIG. 3 illustrated, preferably formed by the steel profile part 2 outwardly and downwardly inclined to protect it from moisture penetrating at the boundary with the concrete sheath 4, in particular against standing on the surface of rainwater.

An exemplary embodiment of a cross-sectional profile of a Steel profile part 2 in the form of an I-profile 11 is in FIG. 5 shown, with these fasteners 8 are fixed and additional reinforcement 9 is provided in the concrete sheath 4. The thicknesses of the side or connecting plates and their dimensions may differ from an exact I-shape in the context of the invention. Similarly, there is no need for an exactly parallel or rectangular arrangement of these sheets to each other or one according to the FIG. 5 rectangular base. FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of an I-profile 11 with a square base of a steel profile part 2, whose mutually parallel side plates have about 2.5 times the wall thickness of / the connecting plate / e. The side lengths are about 100 mm to 200 mm.

Another exemplary cross-sectional profile of a steel profile part 2 is shown in FIG FIG. 7 shown in the form of a box section 12. This is closed along its circumference by the side plates 13 and 14 and the connecting plates 15 and 16. In a preferred embodiment, the width of the mast 1 along the side surfaces is greater than its width in the orthogonal direction thereto. For example, the mast 1 with the box section 12, a width of the side surfaces of about 100 mm to 600 mm and a width dimension in this orthogonal direction of about 100 mm to 300 mm. The width dimension of at least one of the side plates 13 or 14 is in this case according to a preferred embodiment, greater than the distance between the connecting plates 15 and 16. Embodiments in the invention are not limited to certain sheet thicknesses, parallel side or connecting plates or their exact orthogonality to each other. Likewise, one of the side plates 13 or 14 could correspond to a width dimension in the amount of the distance between the connecting plates 15 and 16. Advantageously, steel profile parts 2 are used with box sections 12 for higher loads than those with I-profile 11, and therefore have, as in FIG. 8 is shown, from the upper end of the mast 3 to the mast base 5 increasing cross-sectional dimensions in at least one side direction. In a preferred embodiment, the width dimensions in the orthogonal direction remain substantially constant. In a particular exemplary Embodiment, the width dimension of the side surfaces at the upper mast end about 280 mm and increases to about 450 mm toward the mast base, while the width dimension in a direction orthogonal to the side surface is about 140 mm. In order to reliably absorb the forces acting, the steel profile part 2 of the mast 1 of the upper mast end 3 to 5 Mastfuß plates of different thicknesses. In an exemplary embodiment, a mast 1 of height 14 m, which has a box section 12, sheets with 4 different thicknesses in the extent of 12 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm.

As in particular the FIGS. 6 and 7 can be seen, are provided in the side plates 13, 14 and 17 mounting holes 18 for the connection of grounding lines or other devices. It is important that in the case of the box section 12 according to FIG. 7 the mounting holes 18 are not provided in the side plates 13, 14 between the connecting plates 15, 16, to ensure the tightness of the steel profile part 2 and thus its protection against corrosion.

FIG. 8 shows a mast 1, on the steel profile part 2 above the concrete sheath 4 carrying elements 19 and 20 are arranged. The support elements 19, 20 can be designed for different loads and in particular for lifting the masts during assembly and for supporting overhead lines and accordingly formed and attached to the steel profile part 2.

Claims (15)

Mast (1), in particular overhead conductor mast, with an elongated steel profile part (2), with an upper free mast end (3), and a mast base (5) which can be recessed in the ground, characterized in that the mast base (5) is provided with a concrete sheath (4 ) is provided for placement in a foundation (6). Mast (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the mast base (5) at least in a partial region projecting, in the concrete envelope (4) embedded anchoring elements (8). Mast (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the anchoring elements (8), in particular Kopfbolzendübel, are formed of steel and connected to the mast base (5) of the steel profile part (2), preferably welded, are. Mast (1) according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that in the concrete sheath (4) a reinforcement (9) is arranged made of steel, which is preferably electrically conductively connected to the steel profile part (2). Mast (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the upper side (10) of the concrete envelope (4) from the steel profile part (2) is formed inclined outwards and downwards. Mast (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the steel profile part (2) by an I-profile (11) is formed. Mast (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the steel profile part (2) from the upper mast end (3) to the mast base (5) has substantially constant cross-sectional dimensions. Mast (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the steel profile part (2) by a box section (12) is formed. Mast (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one width dimension of the box profile (12) at least over a portion of the upper mast end (3) to the mast base (5) is increasingly formed. Mast (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the steel profile part (2) is made of interconnected, preferably welded sheets. Mast (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the sheets have different thicknesses. Mast (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the steel profile part (2) above the concrete envelope (4) has mounting holes (18). Mast (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that on the steel profile part (2) above the concrete envelope (4) supporting elements (19, 20) are arranged. Mast (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the steel profile part (2) is hot-dip galvanized. Mast (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at least the mast base (5) of the steel profile part (2) is provided with a corrosion protection, in particular an epoxy resin coating.

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