EP2444354B1 - Hubklemme, insbesondere zum Anheben von Elementen mit Anteilen von T-Trägern - Google Patents

Hubklemme, insbesondere zum Anheben von Elementen mit Anteilen von T-Trägern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2444354B1
EP2444354B1 EP11183306.7A EP11183306A EP2444354B1 EP 2444354 B1 EP2444354 B1 EP 2444354B1 EP 11183306 A EP11183306 A EP 11183306A EP 2444354 B1 EP2444354 B1 EP 2444354B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jaws
lifting
clamp according
clamp
support surface
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Active
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EP11183306.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2444354A1 (de
Inventor
Renato Bandiziol
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Fincantieri SpA
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Fincantieri SpA
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Priority to PL11183306T priority Critical patent/PL2444354T3/pl
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/42—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles
    • B66C1/44—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles and applying frictional forces
    • B66C1/442—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles and applying frictional forces actuated by lifting force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/64—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for T- or I-section beams or girders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lifting clamp, in particular for lifting elements with portions of "T" beams.
  • the clamp according to the invention is used in particular for lifting flat open blocks in the shipbuilding sector.
  • clamps with a mobile coupling tooth are widely used to lift elements of large dimensions.
  • One clamp of such type is shown in the appended Figure 3 .
  • the clamp A is provided with two fixed jaws G between which a mobile coupling tooth D acts.
  • the clamp A further comprises a mechanism of tightening the tooth D by gravity such as to automatically ensure blocking of the tooth in the gripping position under the weight of the load during lifting.
  • These problems arise when lifting the flat open blocks used to make sectors of ship decks (an example of which is shown in Figures 1 and 2 ).
  • These structures are generally composed of a framework of "T" beams, comprising transversal (in relation to the main axis of the ship) beams (T1; in jargon, beams) and longitudinal beams (T2; in jargon, carlings), to which flat panels or plate are welded.
  • the lifting of such structures envisages use of a plurality of lifting clamps with mobile coupling tooth, suitably distributed throughout the structure. The clamps are coupled to the flanges P of the beams T1 and/or T2.
  • the limited gripping surfaces of the clamps used and the asymmetric position of the tooth in relation to the flange causes a deformation of the flange such as to require subsequent restoration of the longitudinal axiality and the reduction of the impression left by the grip force of the clamp.
  • the non-planarity of the flanges would increase the assembly times of the superstructures of the deck.
  • the open flat blocks can be lifted using steel cables which are made to pass through the holes F lightening the webs A of the beams T and then fed back in a "noose" onto the shackle of the crane or on the loop slings.
  • This lifting method substantially avoids the problems of deformation of the flanges but poses serious safety problems.
  • the through cables are in fact subject to extensive stresses on the outer fibres and to wear in their inner parts in contact with the beam. This leads to regular maintenance having to be anticipated compared to when using clamps.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art described above, by providing a lifting clamp as specified in the claim 1, in particular for lifting elements with portions of "T" beams, which enables a better distribution of the stresses on the object being lifted in compliance with safety conditions.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to provide a lifting clamp, in particular for lifting elements with portions of "T" beams, which can be used in the shipbuilding sector to grip the flanges of the beams or carlings which compose the main structure of a flat open block without deforming it.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to provide a lifting clamp, in particular for lifting elements with portions of "T" beams, which is easy to use and manage.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to provide a lifting clamp, in particular for lifting elements with portions of "T" beams, which is easy and economical to make.
  • FIG. 1 show an example of a flat open block for making a portion of a deck of a ship.
  • Figure 2 shows a detail of Figure 1 relative to the framework of beams and carlings.
  • FIG. 3 show an example of a lifting clamp with a mobile coupling tooth
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a lifting clamp according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in the closed position;
  • FIG. 5 shows an exploded view of the clamp in Figure 4 ;
  • FIG. 6 shows the clamp in figure 4 illustrated in an open condition, lying on the flange of a T beam
  • FIG. 7 shows the clamp in Figure 6 illustrated in a closed condition, resting on and gripping the flange of a T beam;
  • Figure 8 shows a side view of the clamp shown in figure 7 .
  • a lifting clamp according to the invention has been globally denoted by reference numeral 1, destined in particular for lifting elements with portions of "T" beams.
  • the lifting clamp 1 comprises a lifting element 2, at which the clamp 1 is lifted, a contact base 3, which defines a support surface 4 destined to come into contact with the element to be lifted by means of said clamp, and two jaws 10 and 20.
  • Each jaw 10, 20 is provided with a grip portion 11, 21 which is destined to come into contact with the element to be lifted in opposition to the contact base 3.
  • Each jaw 10, 20 is hinged to the contact base 3 to pivot around a hinging axis X1, X2, between an open position, in which the respective grip portion 11, 21 is distanced from the support surface 4 (see figure 6 for example), and a closed position, in which the grip portion 11, 21 is close to the support surface 4 to press said element to be lifted against the base 3 (see for example Figures 7 and 8 ).
  • each jaw 10, 20 is moved between the aforesaid two positions by means of a respective operating portion 12, 22positioned on the opposite side to the grip portion 11, 21 in relation to the hinging axis X1, X2.
  • Such operating portion 12, 22 being connected to said lifting element 2 by roto-translatory coupling means 31, 32 so that a pivoting movement of the jaws 10, 20 corresponds to a translatory movement of the lifting element 2 in relation to the base 3 in a direction Y incident to the support surface 4.
  • the two jaws 10, 20 are hinged to the base 3 on opposite sides to said liftingelement 2.
  • the portion of the element to be lifted to which the clamp is attached is substantially not subject to deformation. Such portion is in fact pressed between the support surface 4 of the base 3 and the grip portions 11, 21 of the jaws. From a mechanical point of view, the contact base 3 absorbs the stresses transmitted by the grip portions 11, 21 to the element to be lifted.
  • the movement mechanism (which enables the element to be lifted to be pressed against the contact base) is, moreover, structured so that the jaws are kept in the closed position, and therefore pushed against the contact base, by gravity.
  • the lifting element 2 is free to translate (within the limits permitted by the length and shape of the two jaws 10, 20) in relation to the contact base 3 in a direction Y incident (preferably orthogonal) to the support surface 4 of the base 3.
  • Y incident preferably orthogonal
  • the lifting element 2 is distanced from the contact base 3. Thanks to the roto-translatory coupling means a rotatory movement of the two jaws corresponds to such translatory movement of the lifting element, the two jaws thus passing from the open position to the closed position.
  • the roto-translatory coupling means comprise at least one pin 31 and at least one slotted aperture 32 for each jaw, respectively made on the lifting element 2 and on the operating portion 12, 22 or vice versa.
  • Such coupling means 30 are dimensioned so as to associate the pivoting movement of the two jaws 10, 20 to a translatory movement of the lifting element 2.
  • the contact base 3 comprises a flat element 5 provided with a first face 5a, which defines the aforesaid support surface 4, and a second face 5b, opposite the first and facing the lifting element 2.
  • the planarity of the support surface 4 permits an even distribution of the stresses especially in the case in which the portion of the element to be lifted which the clamp is attached to is flat. This arises in particular in the case in which the element to be lifted has portions of T beam, such as for example in the flat open blocks in the shipbuilding sector.
  • the two jaws 10, 20 are hinged to the contact base 3 symmetrically in relation to a plane of symmetry S orthogonal to the support surface 4 and parallel to the hinging axes X1, X2 of the jaws.
  • the translation axis Y of the lifting element 2 lies on such plane of symmetry S and is preferably orthogonal to the support surface 4.
  • the two jaws 10, 20 are symmetrical both in shape and dimension, and in the hinging to the base 3 in relation to the aforesaid plane of symmetry S.
  • the translation axis Y of the lifting element 2 lies on such plane of symmetry S and is necessarily orthogonal to the support surface 4.
  • the contact base 3 comprises at least one hinging portion 6 for the jaws 10, 20.
  • Such portion 6 preferably extends in a direction orthogonal to the second face 5b of the flat element 5 and is composed, for example of a flat tab.
  • the contact base 3 comprises means 41 for guiding the translatory movement of the lifting element 2 in relation to the base 3.
  • such guide means comprise at least one groove 41 along which the pin 31 of the roto-translatory coupling means is engaged in a sliding manner.
  • such groove 41 is made in the aforesaid hinging portion 6.
  • each grip portion 11, 21 is composed of an elongated element such as a tubular body, positioned parallel to the hinging axis (X1, X2). This makes it possible to increase the gripping surface and thereby improve the distribution of the stresses. Similarly, it is preferable for the hinging axis X1, X" and therefore the longitudinal orientation axis of the elongated elements to be parallel to the support surface 4.
  • each jaw 10, 20 comprises at least one lever 13, 23 which bears said grip portion 11, 21 associated to a first extremity 13a, 23a (composed in particular of an elongated element) and which defines said operating portion 12, 22 with a second extremity 13b, 23b.
  • the jaw is hinged to the contact base 3 at an intermediate point of the lever 13, 23 between the aforesaid two extremities.
  • each jaw 10, 20 comprises two levers 13 or 23, joined to each other in their pivoting movement between the open and closed positions.
  • the two levers 13 or 23 are both hinged to the contact base 3 and associated to said lifting element 2 by means of the aforesaid roto-translatory coupling means.
  • the two levers are connected to opposite extremities of the elongated element which defines the grip portion 11 or 21 so as to ensure a better distribution of the stresses.
  • the roto-translatory coupling means comprise a single pin 31 which is mechanically associated to the operating portions 12, 22 of each jaw 10, 20 at respective slotted apertures 32. Said single pin 31 being parallel to the hinging axes X1, X2 of the jaws and to the support surface 4 of the contact base 3.
  • the lifting element 2 comprises a bushing 51 inside which the aforesaid single pin 31 is rotationally inserted. At least one eyebolt 52 is associated to the outside of said bushing 51 to be used for the insertion of cables or chains.
  • the clamp 1 comprises means 60 for blocking the movement of the jaws 10, 20 either in the closed position or in the open position.
  • blocking means may consist of one or more pegs 60 to be inserted in suitable through holes 61 made in the levers and in the hinging portions.
  • the blocking of the jaws in the closed position is preferable for reasons of safety, in particular, to prevent accidental opening of the jaws during the lifting step on account for example of oblique pulling of the load.
  • the contact base 3 comprises a flat plate 5. Near the two opposite rims of the plate 5 two tabs 6 extend orthogonally, parallel to each other. At the centreline of the plate 5 each tab 6 is provided with an orthogonal groove 41 which defines the translation axis Y of the lifting element 2.
  • This latter is composed of a bushing (provided externally with an eyebolt 52) which internally supports a pin 31 the extremities of which are inserted so as to slide in the aforesaid two grooves.
  • Each tab 6 defines a hinging portion for the two jaws 10 and 20.
  • the two jaws are symmetrical both in shape, and in the hinging to the base 3 in relation to a plane of symmetry S which is orthogonal to the support surface 4 and passes through the longitudinal centreline of the plate 5.
  • the translation axis Y of the lifting element 2 lies on such plane of symmetry S and is orthogonal to the support surface 4.
  • each jaw 10, 20 comprises two levers 13 or 23 which bear a tubular body 11, 21 (i.e. the grip portion) at one of their first extremities 13a, 23a.
  • a slotted aperture 32 is made inside which an extremity of the pin 31 is inserted.
  • Each lever is hinged to one the two flat tabs 6 at an intermediate point between the two extremities.
  • the hinging axes X1, X2 of the two jaws are parallel to each other and to the plane of symmetry S.
  • Two levers are hinged to each tab 6, one for each jaw.
  • the two levers are positioned on opposite faces of the tab.
  • spacers may be used, for example in Teflon.
  • spacer elements may also be provided between the parts in contact along the pin axis 31, for example between the levers and the tabs and between the levers and the bushing.
  • the clamp 1 described above is particularly suitable for lifting elements with portions of T beams, on which a flange and a web orthogonal to it may be identified.
  • the support surface 4 of the contact base 3 is laid on the flange with the two jaws blocked open by the safety pegs 60.
  • the pegs 60 are then extracted to permit closing of the jaws (or at least their movement closer to the support surface).
  • the operator raises the lifting element causing the approach of the jaws to the support surface by gravity.
  • the pegs are inserted again and the lifting operation can proceed safely.
  • the lifting element 2 is distanced from the base 3 (for example by pulling the cable connected to the eyebolt) until the two jaws 10 and 20 are completely closed.
  • the same operations are performed in reverse order to free the clamp.
  • the weight of the lifting element opens the jaws. At this point the pegs are inserted again to block the jaws in the open position.
  • the contact base absorbs all the stresses exerted on the flange by the grip portions.
  • the extensive gripping surface offered by the tubular bodies permits the distribution of the stresses over a greater area.
  • the symmetrical structure of the two symmetrical jaws ensures an even and equilibrated distribution of the stresses on both the tabs of the flange.
  • the plane of symmetry S of the clamp 1 is in fact substantially aligned with the web of the T beam.
  • the levers of the jaws can be dimensioned so that in the closed position the gripping portions do not just press against the flange, but also against the web of the T beam. This enables some of the stresses to be transmitted to the web.
  • the clamp 1 according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the problem of deformation which typically occurs in the flanges using clamps with a mobile coupling tooth.
  • the compression effect exerted by the clamp on the clamped portion makes it possible to avoid deformations of the element to be lifted even in the presence of loads which are not perfectly perpendicular.
  • the clamp according to the invention 1 ensures a greater gripping surface compared to a traditional lifting clamp. This makes it possible to increase the load per clamp and therefore, for the same weight of element to be lifted, to reduce the number of clamps.
  • the clamp according to the invention offers a greater number of solutions in lifting operations, in particular of panels of greater dimension, thinner plate thicknesses and smaller sized sections.
  • the clamp according to the invention also permits an improvement of safety conditions in equipping manoeuvres of the clamp.
  • the clamp is laid on the flange and the operator needs only to place the safety peg of the jaws in the open or closed positions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Hubklemme, insbesondere zum Anheben von Elementen mit Anteilen von T-Trägern, umfassend ein Hubelement (2), an dem die Klemme (1) angehoben wird, eine Kontaktbasis (3), die eine Stützfläche (4) bestimmt, die dafür bestimmt ist, mittels der Klemme (1) in Kontakt mit dem anzuhebenden Element zu kommen, und zwei Klauen (10, 20), von denen jede mit einem Griffanteil (11, 21) versehen ist und an der Kontaktbasis (3) angelenkt ist, um um eine Gelenkachse (X1, X2) zwischen einer offenen Position, in der der jeweilige Griffanteil (11, 21) von der Stützfläche (4) entfernt ist, und einer geschlossenen Position, in der der Griffanteil (11, 21) nahe der Stützfläche (4) ist, zu schwenken, um das anzuhebende Element gegen die Basis (3) zu drücken, wobei jede Klaue (10, 20) zwischen den zwei Positionen mittels eines jeweiligen Betriebsanteils (12, 22) bewegt wird, der an der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Griffanteils (11, 21) in Bezug auf die Gelenkachse (X1, X2) positioniert ist, wobei der Betriebsanteil (12, 22) an das Hubelement (2) durch roto-translatorische Kupplungsmittel (31, 32) angeschlossen ist, so dass eine Schwenkbewegung der Klauen (10, 20) einer translatorischen Bewegung des Hubelements (2) in Bezug auf die Basis (3) in einer Richtung (Y) entspricht, die auf die Stützfläche (4) einfällt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwei Klauen (10, 20) an der Basis (3) an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Hubelements (2) angelenkt sind, wobei jeder Griffanteil (11, 21) aus einem länglichen Element besteht, das parallel zur Gelenkachse (X1, X2) positioniert ist, wobei die Gelenkachse (X1, X2) vorzugsweise parallel zu der Stützfläche (4) ist, wobei jede Klaue (10, 20) zwei Hebel (13, 23) umfasst, die in ihrer Schwenkbewegung zusammengefügt sind, die beide an der Kontaktbasis (3) angelenkt sind und dem Hubelement (2) zugehörig sind, wobei die beiden Hebel an gegenüberliegenden Enden des länglichen Elements angeschlossen sind, das den Griffanteil (11, 21) bestimmt.
  2. Klemme nach Anspruch 1, wobei das längliche Element aus einem zylindrischen röhrenförmigen Körper besteht.
  3. Klemme nach Anspruch 1, wobei die rototranslatorischen Kupplungsmittel für jede Klaue mindestens einen Stift (31) und mindestens eine Schlitzöffnung (32) umfassen, die jeweils an dem Hubelement (2) und an dem Betriebsanteil (12, 22) oder umgekehrt vorgenommen sind, wobei die Kupplungsmittel (30) so bemessen sind, dass sie die Schwenkbewegung der zwei Klauen (10, 20) mit einer translatorischen Bewegung des Hubelements (2) in Verbindung bringen.
  4. Klemme nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, wobei die Kontaktbasis (3) ein flaches Element (5) umfasst, das mit einer ersten Fläche (5a) versehen ist, die die Stützfläche (4) bestimmt, und einer zweiten Fläche (5b), die gegenüber der ersten liegt und dem Hubelement (2) zugewandt ist.
  5. Klemme nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zwei Klauen (10, 20) an der Kontaktbasis (3) symmetrisch in Bezug auf eine Symmetrieebene (S), die orthogonal zu der Stützfläche (4) und parallel zu den Gelenkachsen (X1, X2) der Klauen ist, angelenkt sind, wobei die Translationsachse (Y) des Hubelements (2) auf der Symmetrieebene (S) liegt und vorzugsweise orthogonal zu der Stützfläche (4) ist.
  6. Klemme nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Hebel (13, 23) der Klauen so bemessen sind, dass in der geschlossenen Position die Griffanteile die Symmetrieebene (S) treffen, um nicht nur gegen den Flansch zu drücken, sondern auch gegen das Netz aus T-Trägern.
  7. Klemme nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei die Kontaktbasis (3) mindestens einen Gelenkanteil (6) für die Klauen (10, 20) umfasst, der sich von der zweiten Fläche (5b) des flachen Elements (5) erstreckt.
  8. Klemme nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Kontaktbasis (3) Mittel (41) zum Führen der translatorischen Bewegung des Hubelements (2) umfasst.
  9. Klemme nach Anspruch 2 und 8, wobei die Führungsmittel mindestens eine Nut (41) umfassen, entlang der der Stift (31) der roto-translatorischen Kupplungsmittel auf gleitende Weise eingreift.
  10. Klemme nach Anspruch 7 und 9, wobei die Nut (41) an dem Gelenkanteil (6) vorgenommen ist.
  11. Klemme nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jede Klaue (10, 20) mindestens einen Hebel (13, 23) umfasst, der den Griffanteil (11, 21) trägt, der einem ersten Ende (13a, 23a) zugehörig ist und der den Betriebsanteil (12, 22) mit einem zweiten Ende (13b, 23b) bestimmt, wobei die Klauen an der Basis (3) an einem Zwischenpunkt des Hebels (13, 23) zwischen den zwei Enden angelenkt sind.
  12. Klemme nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die roto- translatorischen Kupplungsmittel einen einzelnen Stift (31) umfassen, der mechanisch den Betriebsanteilen (12, 22) jeder Klaue (10, 20) an jeweiligen Schlitzöffnungen (32) zugehörig ist, wobei der einzelne Stift (31) parallel zu den Gelenkachsen (X1, X2) der Klauen ist.
  13. Klemme nach Anspruch 12, wobei das Hubelement (2) eine Buchse (51) umfasst, in die der einzelne Stift (31) rotatorisch eingesetzt ist, wobei mindestens eine Ringsschraube (52) dem Äußeren der Buchse (51) zugehörig ist.
  14. Klemme nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend Mittel (60) zum Blockieren der Bewegung der Klauen (10, 20) in der geschlossenen Position oder in der geöffneten Position.
EP11183306.7A 2010-10-20 2011-09-29 Hubklemme, insbesondere zum Anheben von Elementen mit Anteilen von T-Trägern Active EP2444354B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11183306T PL2444354T3 (pl) 2010-10-20 2011-09-29 Uchwyt podnoszący, w szczególności do podnoszenia elementów zawierających fragmenty belek w kształcie litery "T"

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITPD2010A000315A IT1402780B1 (it) 2010-10-20 2010-10-20 Pinza di sollevamento, in particolare per il sollevamento di elementi con porzioni di trave a t

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2444354A1 EP2444354A1 (de) 2012-04-25
EP2444354B1 true EP2444354B1 (de) 2014-06-04

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EP11183306.7A Active EP2444354B1 (de) 2010-10-20 2011-09-29 Hubklemme, insbesondere zum Anheben von Elementen mit Anteilen von T-Trägern

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EP (1) EP2444354B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2497195T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1402780B1 (de)
PL (1) PL2444354T3 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2958557A (en) * 1958-09-22 1960-11-01 Ken Cianchette Inc Hoist clamp
US3257144A (en) * 1964-04-15 1966-06-21 Merrill Brothers I and h beam lifting clamps
GB1246769A (en) * 1970-03-23 1971-09-22 Erich Dagobert Butz Lifting device
US3942834A (en) * 1974-06-14 1976-03-09 Nittan Kohki Kabushiki Kaisha Hooked clutch
DE29504501U1 (de) * 1995-03-20 1995-05-24 Glumann Karl Greifer für Hubgeräte, insbesondere zum Heben von Eisenbahnschienen

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IT1402780B1 (it) 2013-09-18
ITPD20100315A1 (it) 2012-04-21
PL2444354T3 (pl) 2015-05-29
EP2444354A1 (de) 2012-04-25
ES2497195T3 (es) 2014-09-22

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