Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
  • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
  • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
  • E04F13/0805—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and the wall
  • E04F13/0807—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and the wall adjustable perpendicular to the wall
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
  • E04B2001/8263—Mounting of acoustical elements on supporting structure, e.g. framework or wall surface
  • E04B2001/8281—Flat elements mounted parallel to a supporting surface with an acoustically active air gap between the elements and the mounting surface

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a non-industrial building, industrial, masonry wall, or brick, or solid or light concrete, or timber framed exterior insulation system.
• the insulation consists of rigid panels of mineral wool, usually rock wool, or organic foam, usually expanded polystyrene.
• These panels are bonded to the outer wall of the building to be insulated, and generally receive point-type mechanical retention elements of the type ankle-star expansive especially for high walls or in areas subject to high winds.
• the insulating panels are then covered with an organic or mineral finishing coating, most often reinforced by an alkali-resistant fiberglass grid.
• the panels must be rigid because they are the ones that bring the mechanical properties of the facade cladding.
• An acceptable resistance to the pressure / vacuum forces due to the wind is obtained thanks to the bonding and the mechanical retaining means.
• the surface remains however subject to deterioration by depression or punching during an impact with a foreign body on the thin layer of surface coating.
• Organic foam panels also have the disadvantage of being relatively impervious to water vapor and therefore do not allow effective diffusion of water vapor through the wall.
• bonding is disadvantageous in renovation, because it requires a wall with flatness defects of less than a few mm per meter.
• a preliminary repair is necessary, which is costly in time and materials.
• the insulation is contained between frame elements fixed to the wall to be insulated, which may be wood or metal, and a outer facing is attached via a supporting structure defining at the rear of the facing a space enclosing an air gap connected to the outside.
• This construction avoids the risk of condensation and moisture accumulation in the facade, resulting in a fall in thermal insulation properties, promoting the proliferation of microorganisms, algae or fungi.
• the wood frame is particularly concerned, because the wood is likely to deteriorate under the effect of moisture.
• legs or other metal accessories are used to maintain the entire frame. These accessories contribute to the mechanical strength of the facade, and their number is generally determined according to the different external stress conditions that it has to undergo.
• the present invention aims to find new mounting solutions that improve the overall energy performance of the facade.
• the invention therefore aims to provide an external insulation system whose attachment to the wall is reliable and fast, in particular without requiring bonding of the elements of the insulation.
• this system of insulation from the outside allows drying of the construction vis-à-vis the inside and outside, that is to say compatible with the natural tendency of the walls to be absorbed and absorbed. releasing the humidity according to the seasons, without an air gap being necessary (compact system).
• the invention relates to a system of insulation of buildings from the outside comprising insulating elements covered with facing plates fixed on - a set of profiles reported on the wall to be insulated, characterized in that the insulating elements and the profiles are held by brackets comprising a first substantially flat support portion and attachment to the wall to be insulated and a second substantially flat portion, support, holding and adjustable distance fixing of said wall, for a substantially flat first part, profiles which comprise a second substantially flat bearing portion of the facing plates, and the consoles are of a thermal conductivity material at most equal to 0.5 W / mK
• consoles have in addition to their mechanical role thermal breakage properties achieved through the use of a constituent material of thermal conductivity less than 0.5 W / m.K.
• the thermal conductivity of the material of the consoles is in particular at least 0.1 W / m.K.
• This frame fastening system requires no glue. It is particularly effective with insulation insulating wool elements that is able to absorb moisture and releasing it over the seasons, without being affected in its nature and integrity, nor in its insulating function. It can be mineral wool, organic or vegetable, natural or synthetic, including glass wool, rock wool, hemp wool, wood wool, linen, cellulose wadding ... It should be noted that the system also accepts cellular or expanded insulators such as organic or inorganic foams, such as expanded or extruded polystyrene, polyurethanes, polyisocyanurates, phenolic foams, glass foam ...
• This system is also compact, because the facing plates can be attached to the profiles without the appearance of an air gap in the system.
• Insulating wool of relatively low density preferably glass wool
• This insulating wool is available in compacted form, in easily transportable rolls.
• this insulation is not rigid but, on the contrary, compressible, which allows the easy positioning of son, ducts, cables, pipes or pipes in the insulation. After unrolling the roll, the insulating wool can be laid in the form of strips.
• the facing plates are also available in reduced dimensions, for example 2500 x 1200 x 12.5 mm, to which they are also easily transportable.
• the term "console” means a means capable of ensuring the durability of tens of years the mechanical stability of the frame of a facade.
• the consoles must provide sufficient rigidity and mechanical strength, to support the weight of the facade, withstand the pressure / vacuum cycles under the action of the wind, and accompany if necessary the authorized deformations of the facade components (expansion, impacts ).
• they may be made of reinforced plastic material, or equivalent, or even preferably non-flammable.
• the term "maintained by” customarily means “being fixed by or through” but also broadly as “being held in place by”. It applies both to profiles that are in mechanical connection with the consoles, insulating elements that come into contact with the consoles and whose position is limited laterally by them.
• the profiles, forming the frame of the facade are held by the consoles. They can be metal, reinforced plastic or wood.
• the second part of the consoles, on which the profiles are fixed, is inscribed in any plane not parallel to the wall to be insulated, preferably in a substantially perpendicular plane. It can in particular be horizontal, and then serve in addition to support the insulating wool, which eliminates the fixing of pegs-stars, and thus reduce installation costs. However, it is preferably positioned vertically.
• a first part of a profile is then conveniently placed partially in coincidence with such a second vertical console part, on which it is dragged to reach the desired distance to the wall, and the fixing is carried out by any means .
• the consoles are advantageously substantially in L.
• the consoles comprise a strengthening of the connection between said first and said second plane portions. This reinforcement is likely to sustainably sustain and maintain the vertical or lateral loads formed by the insulation system.
• this reinforcement consists of a third plane part connecting said first and second and cutting them along two parallel straight lines.
• this reinforcement consists of a third plane portion perpendicular to said first and second.
• this reinforcement consists of an addition of material such as an extra thickness, located in the connection zone or intersection of said first and said second plane portions.
• the extra thickness can be made in the angled part by the fact that the thickness of the part following the bisector of the angle is greater than the thickness of each of the plane parts of the on both sides of the corner.
• the second part of the consoles is split into a slot for receiving at least an end fraction of the first part of the profiles.
• This split part of the console can be doubly pre-drilled to accommodate the profile of the attachment means, such as screw or equivalent. It can also be shaped to pinch the fraction of profile received in the slot.
• the width of the slot may be provided to be very slightly greater (of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter) to the thickness of the first section portion intended to be received in the slot. A maximum lateral play of 1 to 2 tenths of a millimeter on either side of the profile in the slot is considered satisfactory to allow insertion and adjustment of the position of the profile.
• This game is preferably reduced to zero at the free edge of the console to achieve the pinch referred to above.
• the entire flat portion of the console has the form of a slotted plate in two at one end. This slot preferably describes a symmetry of the free end of the second part of the consoles. Such a conformation guarantees the best mechanical properties.
• the fixing of the profiles to the consoles is advantageously carried out by means of three aligned holes formed respectively in the two walls of said slot on the one hand, and said first part of the profiles on the other hand, which receive the fastening means (screws, studs ). This system provides the strongest attachment.
• the consoles of the invention have a shear strength (representative in the installed state of the resistance to the vertical weight carried by the console) minimum of 700 N, in particular of 800 to 1400 N, and a tensile strength (representative in the installed state of resistance to wind pressure forces transmitted by the facade to the console) minimum of 2000 N, in particular 3000 to 3500 N.
• a shear strength representedative in the installed state of the resistance to the vertical weight carried by the console
• a tensile strength representedative in the installed state of resistance to wind pressure forces transmitted by the facade to the console
• said consoles are in a thermal conductivity material at most equal to 0.5 W / m.K. They then constitute effective thermal break switches between the wall to be insulated and the new facade formed by the profiles and plates.
• the consoles are of a material which does not participate in the maintenance of fire, and has a resistance to direct exposure to fire of at least five minutes (no noticeable degradation after five minutes in the flame of a bunsen burner).
• the temperature can go from 20 to 1200 0 C in ten minutes.
• the consoles according to the invention have a guaranteed mechanical strength of at least fifteen minutes from the beginning of the fire. Subject to a fire of 30 kW (standard EN 13501), the consoles are in perfect condition after one minute, and do not exhibit significant damage to the mechanical after 5 min.
• the entire facade (consoles + profiles + plates + plaster) has a fire resistance of at least one hour.
• This material is preferably chosen from an epoxy resin, polyester such as isophthalic, vinyl ester, polyimide, phenolic, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, phenylene polysulfide, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, silicone, phthalonitrile, alone or as a mixture of several of those and charged particularly with glass fiber, aramid or carbon, or additives such as flame retardant.
• polyester such as isophthalic, vinyl ester, polyimide, phenolic, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, phenylene polysulfide, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, silicone, phthalonitrile, alone or as a mixture of several of those and charged particularly with glass fiber, aramid or carbon, or additives such as flame retardant.
• this material can be implemented in particular by extrusion, pultrusion ...
• the fibers mentioned mechanically strengthen the material.
• the all plastic / resin console integrates in one piece the mechanical and thermal functions (bridge breakage).
• the console has at least one of its surfaces, a structure with fibers oriented mainly parallel to said surface, in particular derived from a mat or fiber web, impregnated with synthetic resin. These fibers having a length of at least a few centimeters can be introduced into the composite in the form of a veil or mat pre-impregnated with a resin identical to or different from the resin used to make the console.
• This structure is preferably present on the entire periphery of the room. This embodiment gives the console a surface-sheathed structure (at least in part) very favorable to the mechanical strength of the consoles and the system as well as their dimensional stability.
• this structure extends from a face of the console over a distance of the order of 1/10 of the thickness of the corresponding flat part.
• the remaining part of the console is advantageously reinforced with fibers generally shorter than those of the surface structure, typically a length of a few millimeters.
• Such a console can be obtained by the pultrusion technique which makes it possible to introduce into a die or mat or any other form of two- or three-dimensional reinforcement, at the same time as the die is fed with resin or plastic composition for impregnating and / or coating the reinforcing element or elements.
• the consoles are sized to withstand pull-out due to the strongest winds (2.1 kPa, safety factor of 1.75 inclusive, with maximum deformation of 3 mm), according to NV 65 (Eurocode Vents) and shear due to the weight of the facade up to 60 kg / m 2 frontage.
• the solutions according to the present invention have a weight of 18 kg / m 2 to 30 kg / m 2 of facade.
• the shear strength of the consoles defined above relates to the weight of the facade surface supported by a single console (thus to the distribution of consoles on the facade).
• the insulating elements are advantageously based on mineral wool which has a density of between 7 and 100 kg / m 3 , especially at most equal to 50 kg / m 3 , in particular between 7 and 50 kg / m 3 or 7 and 40.
• kg / m 3 for example of the order of 10 to 30 kg / m 3 . It is a thermally and acoustically insulating product. As mentioned above, it also allows drying of the construction, it is able to absorb and releasing moisture to a certain extent, without being affected in any way.
• the insulation has a thermal conductivity ( ⁇ ) of the order of 30 to 40 mW / m.K, preferably 30 to 35 mW / m.K. It is also a light product, compressible and especially transportable in compact form (rollers ). Glass wool is particularly preferred.
• the profiles of the insulation system are T-shaped or L-shaped sections, a part of which is intended to be fixed in abutment on a part on a flat part of a console, at an adjustable distance from a wall to be insulated.
• a head portion constitutes a flat bearing surface of a facing plate, the head portion comprises in particular one or two return wings.
• the T-shaped or L-shaped advantageously comprises one or two return wings, so as to maintain the insulating wool, without requiring the use of star pegs.
• the facing plates are preferably selected from plasterboard, cement, or expanded metal rib, wire mesh or equivalent coated with a thick plaster in all cases, or a thick or thin coating for the plates of plaster or cement.
• They are for example made of mineral material plates resistant to humidity or adapted to use in damp rooms, particularly meeting the H1 classification. They may in particular be based on a hydraulic setting binder such as plaster and / or cement, and possibly include fillers and / or reinforcements including synthetic material in the form of beads (polystyrene, expanded clay ...), fibers. ..
• they consist essentially of light plates permeable to water vapor.
• Products essentially based on mineral material including gypsum can be used for this purpose. They are available in sizes of 2500 x 1200 x 12.5 mm particularly advantageous for transport.
• Examples of products that can be used according to the invention are available in the Saint-Gobain group: these are in particular plasterboard marketed by the company Gyproc under the trademark GlasRoc, or cement slabs marketed by the company Gyproc under the name registered trademark Placocem.
• the facing plates consist of a sheet of expanded metal rib coated with thick plaster
• the thick plaster can be made of cement, breathable - vis-à-vis the moisture - by the fact that its porosity is high.
• the invention furthermore relates to a console comprising a first flat support part and attachment to a wall to be insulated, and a second flat part perpendicular to the first support, holding and adjustable distance fixing of said wall, of profiles, bracket consisting essentially of a thermal conductivity material at most equal to 0.5 W / mK
• this console it consists of a material that does not participate in the maintenance of fire, and has a resistance to direct exposure to fire for at least five minutes (no mechanical alteration noticeable at 30 kW exposure during this time); it is made of a resin chosen from epoxy resin, polyester such as isophthalic, vinyl ester, polyimide, phenolic, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, phenylene polysulfide, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, silicone, phthalonitrile, alone or as a mixture of several of these.
• polyester such as isophthalic, vinyl ester, polyimide, phenolic, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, phenylene polysulfide, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, silicone, phthalonitrile, alone or as a mixture of several of these.
• ci and loaded including fiberglass, aramid or carbon, or additives such as flame retardant; it is made of fiber reinforced resin composite material, and has at least in the vicinity of a surface a structure with fibers oriented mainly parallel to said surface, in particular derived from a mat or fiber web impregnated with resin; the second flat portion is split into a slot, in particular describing a symmetry of the free end of the second portion, for receiving at least an end portion of the first portion of the profiles.
• FIG. 1 is a general perspective representation of the insulation system of the invention viewed "from the inside", that is to say from the wall to isolate;
• Figure 2 is a schematic top view in section of the insulation system of the invention on a damaged wall.
• the thermal and acoustic insulation of an outer wall not shown in Figure 1 essentially comprises a glass wool mattress 1 and mineral facing plates 2.
• the glass wool 1 has a density of 23.5 kg / m 3 .
• the mattress is available in rolls of 1200 mm length (width of a le). Once unrolled and decompressed the mattress exists in several thicknesses, including 50, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mm.
• the mineral facing plates 2 sold under the trademark GlasRoc trademark by the company Gyproc, have dimensions of 2500 x 1200 x 12.5 mm; their mass per unit area is 9 kg / m 2 . They preferably have a water-resistant core, covered on each side with reinforcements of glass mats embedded in a layer of polymer-modified plaster, itself each time covered with adhesion of an acrylic coating. Plasterboard plates known for this purpose are described in US Pat. Nos. 6,524,679 and WO 2007,004066. These plates are easy to cut and to use, resistant to impact, to water while being permeable to steam. They support moisture well.
• the facing plates 2 are screwed to the metal sections 5, by means of galvanized metal screws not shown. As mentioned above, the facing plates 2 are covered with adhesion of a base coat, a fabric web or grid, and then a finishing coating. The joints between the facing plates are reinforced with mortar and a reinforcing grid about 10 cm wide.
• the insulation system is advantageously mounted without an air knife, that is to say that the plates 2 are applied directly against the exposed face of the insulating material 1. In the same way the rear face of the insulating material is directly applied against the wall to be insulated.
• This construction is advantageous in view of its simplicity; it also gives a great strength to the envelope thus produced to the extent that any distortion during impact on the facing plates can be avoided or reduced.
• a ventilated air space can be put in place by the end user if he so wishes, or in the case of the use of expanded metal rib with thick plaster, instead of plasterboard or cement. Indeed, a thick plaster has low breathability.
• consoles 3 and metal profiles 5 The arrangement of the consoles and their number per meter square depends on the local wind load, easily calculated by those skilled in the art. For the more violent wind zones in Europe, you will choose for example a console every 1, 50 m in height and 0.60 m in width. In a preferred embodiment, the width spacing will be reduced to 0.40 m so as to overcome the use of star pegs, and thus save installation time: the light mineral wool is then directly held by the uprights. vertical, sufficiently constricted.
• the consoles are staggered, alternating the position of the wall attachment on each side of the profile, along it.
• the consoles 3 are arranged every 1, 20 m in height and 0.60 m in width.
• the consoles 3 have a shear strength of 700 N, in traction of 3000 N.
• Each bracket 3 comprises a first substantially planar portion 31 intended to bear on the wall to be insulated, generally vertical, and a second substantially flat portion 32 perpendicular to the first 31 positioned vertically.
• It is L-shaped, with a profile in the angle such that the amount of material in this area achieves a thickness in the direction of the bisector of the angle greater than the thickness of the neighboring planar portions.
• the bracket 3 is fixed to the wall by means of one or more screws or a stud 7 or equivalent (only one of which is shown), which can themselves be associated with pins introduced into the wall to be insulated.
• the second flat portion 32 of the console 3 is split so as to form a slot 34 for receiving a foot portion 51 of a profile 5 T vertical.
• the shape of the slot 34 is adapted to that of the foot portion 51 so that the depression of the latter is adjustable, and that this depression is performed with a certain resistance if necessary, the slot 34 can then be shaped to accommodate the foot portion 51 with clamping.
• the attachment of the foot portion 51 of the T-section 5 to the bracket 3 is made by means of a screw 7 at least, preferably two to avoid rotational movements.
• the console 3 is made of isophthalic resin reinforced with glass fibers and pultruded with a mat of long glass fibers (a few centimeters) integrated near its surface (from one edge of the slot to the edge of the other slot) on a thickness of about 1 to 2 millimeters, and short glass fibers in the resin mass.
• the thicknesses of the different plane portions 31, 32 of the bracket 3 are between 5 and 15 mm, preferably of the order of 10 mm.
• the slot is made with a width of the order of 2 mm with a game of 0.2 to 0.5 mm, this game being zero at the free edge of the console.
• This material is essentially a material that is difficult to fuel (meeting the A2 or B classification of European standards). This material has a conductivity 0.3 W / mK, which is also a thermal bridge breaker on the console.
• the profile 5 T is metallic.
• the head portion 52 of the T constitutes the flat bearing surface of the facing plates 2.
• the plasterboard can thus be fixed to the profiles by coming into contact with the surface of the insulation without forming an air knife.
• the glass wool 1 is held by the return wings 53 of the profile 5.
• the metal section 5 can also be in L, while retaining most of the features of the T-sections described above.
• An L-shaped profile is practical to delimit all openings: door, bay, window ...
• a wedge not shown can be fixed under the consoles 3.
• the wedge will preferably be a block of brick or concrete, pegged and / or bonded with mortar on the wall 0.
• the mineral wool 1 is fixed to the wall 0 by any means such as peg star or equivalent.
• the wall attachment system described is reliable without the need for bonding the elements of the insulation, but instead avoiding the use of components that block the passage of moisture.
• the insulation system described is light, easy to mount and fast, and has a satisfactory behavior in the accelerated aging conditions described in ETAG 004: no change in appearance or structural is observed after the cycles heat / rain and freeze / thaw. Satisfactory mechanical strength is maintained after these stresses. Its resistance to perforation and impact is also excellent.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-05-28 FR FR0953536A patent/FR2946064B1/fr active Active
• 2010
  • 2010-05-28 RU RU2011153755/03A patent/RU2549948C2/ru active
  • 2010-05-28 DK DK10728842.5T patent/DK2435641T3/en active
  • 2010-05-28 WO PCT/FR2010/051035 patent/WO2010136737A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-05-28 EP EP10728842.5A patent/EP2435641B1/de active Active

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