WO2023046679A1 - Construction munie de panneaux de façades et procédé de fabrication d'une telle construction - Google Patents
Construction munie de panneaux de façades et procédé de fabrication d'une telle construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023046679A1 WO2023046679A1 PCT/EP2022/076094 EP2022076094W WO2023046679A1 WO 2023046679 A1 WO2023046679 A1 WO 2023046679A1 EP 2022076094 W EP2022076094 W EP 2022076094W WO 2023046679 A1 WO2023046679 A1 WO 2023046679A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- slab
- panel
- facade
- front panel
- panels
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/88—Curtain walls
- E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure
- E04B2/94—Concrete panels
Definitions
- the invention relates to constructions intended to form a building and to methods of manufacturing such a construction.
- US 5,239,798 discloses a facade structure mounted on a carrier structure.
- the facade structure has a steel support plate attached to two consecutive slabs of the load-bearing structure.
- a plurality of facing plates are independently attached to the support plate. This technical solution is not satisfactory because it provides a hold insufficient over time as well as poor thermal resistance while being relatively expensive.
- the document FR2349696 discloses a building comprising a supporting structure with facade panels fixed to the supporting structure.
- the facade panels comprise a phenolic foam or a polyurethane foam arranged inside a polymer envelope.
- the panels are fixed by rectangular steel shovels whose width is between 10 and 20cm. Such a configuration is not satisfactory because this thermal solution has poor resistance over time, low mechanical resistance and poor thermal resistance.
- the document FR1427593 discloses a process for attaching the facade of a building to curtain walls.
- the building has a load-bearing structure and facade panels are attached to the load-bearing structure.
- the facade panel is made of concrete, fiber cement, wood, steel or aluminum.
- the facade panels are mounted on top of each other and they are each fixed to the load-bearing structure by a disc which fits into a notch in the side wall of the facade panel.
- the panels are fixed to each other and to the load-bearing structure by means of a layer of mortar.
- An object of the invention is to provide a construction which has facade panels capable of providing good wind resistance and presenting a good compromise between the thermal insulation provided and the cost of production while ensuring good resistance over time.
- a construction which has: - A supporting structure in concrete reinforced by metal rods, the supporting structure having at least a first level with a first slab and first posts and a second level with a second slab and second posts and a third slab;
- - a plurality of facade panels attached to the supporting structure to form at least part of a facade of the construction, the plurality of facade panels having at least a first facade panel mounted under at least a second facade panel.
- each facade panel is made of a mixture containing a material capable of hardening inside which organic elements of plant origin are embedded, the mixture in the hardened state having a density of less than 1000 kg/m3 and a resistance to compression between 2 and 6 MPa;
- each facade panel is mounted as a load-bearing support over at least 75% of the length of the foot of the facade panel;
- the at least one first facade panel is mounted to move at least relative to the second slab in a vertical direction
- the at least one second facade panel is mounted movably at least relative to the third slab
- the at least one second facade panel bears exclusively on the second slab or the at least one second facade panel bears exclusively on the at least one first facade panel.
- the at least one second facade panel is supported exclusively by the second slab and the at least one second facade panel is separated from the at least one first facade panel by a sealing member configured to produce water tightness.
- the at least one second front panel is supported exclusively by the at least one first front panel.
- the at least one first front panel has a recess for receiving a end of the second slab, the recess being arranged in an upper part of the at least one first facade panel and being separated from the second slab by an elastically deformable layer.
- the recess extends over the entire length of the at least one first front panel.
- the length of the first slab is greater than the length of the at least one first facade panel.
- the plurality of facade panels is fixed to the supporting structure by means of a plurality of connectors.
- the facade panels of the plurality of facade panels are made of a mixture of wood elements and cement and/or lime. Connectors are fixed directly into the front panels of the plurality of front panels by screwing.
- the at least one second front panel is fixed to the at least one first front panel by an adhesive mortar.
- the second slab being made of concrete reinforced by metal rods, the second slab being fixedly mounted on the first slab by means of the first posts, the at least a first facade panel being fixed to the second slab and mounted to move vertically with respect to the second slab ;
- the third slab being made of concrete reinforced by metal rods, the third slab being fixedly mounted on the second slab by means of the second posts, the at least a second facade panel being fixed to the third slab and mounted to move vertically with respect to the third slab.
- each facade panel is produced in a mixture containing a material capable of hardening inside which organic elements of plant origin are embedded, the mixture in the hardened state having a density of less than 1000 kg /m3 and a compressive strength of between 2 and 6MPa.
- each facade panel is produced in a mixture containing a material capable of hardening inside which organic elements of plant origin are embedded, the mixture in the hardened state having a density of less than 1000 kg /m3 and a compressive strength of between 2 and 6MPa.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a vertical sectional view of a first embodiment of part of a construction according to the invention, at a distance from the posts;
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a vertical sectional view of the connection between a slab and two facade panels shown in Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a vertical sectional view of the embodiment of a panel shown in Figure 1 at the posts;
- Figure 4 schematically illustrates a vertical sectional view of the connection between two facade panels, a slab and two posts as shown in Figure 3;
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a vertical sectional view of a second embodiment of a part of a construction according to the invention
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a vertical sectional view of the connection between a slab and two facade panels shown in Figure 5;
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a vertical sectional view of the second embodiment of a part of a construction according to the invention at the posts;
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a vertical sectional view of the connection between two facade panels, a slab and two posts as shown in Figure 7;
- Figure 9 schematically illustrates a view of the internal face of the construction according to the implementation illustrated in Figures 1 to 8 with a first type of connectors;
- FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a view of the internal face of the construction according to the implementation illustrated in Figures 1 to 8 with another type of connectors
- FIG. 11 schematically illustrates a view of a connector intended to be molded into a post.
- Figures 1 to 10 show different sectional views of a construction intended to form a residential building, a commercial building or another type.
- the construction has several levels, for example two levels, three levels, at least three levels or at least four levels.
- the construction may have a ground floor, a first floor and for example at least a second floor.
- the construction has a load-bearing structure made of reinforced concrete.
- Reinforced concrete is formed by a mixture of concrete which is reinforced by rods made of metallic material, preferably steel rods.
- the reinforced concrete load-bearing structure is advantageously made using the same techniques and the same conditions as the reinforced load-bearing structures in the field of building and civil engineering activity.
- the load-bearing structure ensures the mechanical strength of the construction, that is to say that the load-bearing structure ensures the mechanical integrity of the building with or without the presence of the facade panels.
- the support structure defines at least a lower level and an upper level which is just above the lower level. Each level has a slab.
- the construction has at least a first slab 1a and a second slab 1b.
- the supporting structure has at least first posts 2a and second posts 2b.
- the first posts 2a are arranged projecting from the first slab 1a and connect the first slab 1a to the second slab 1b.
- the second posts 2b are arranged projecting from the second slab 1b and connect the second slab 1b to the third slab 1c.
- the slabs 1a and 1b are mechanically connected to each other by posts also called pillars.
- the third slab 1c can be a slab intended to receive third posts or it can be the structure receiving the roof of the construction. Depending on the configurations, the third slab 1c can be made of reinforced concrete, concrete or another technology.
- the supporting structure is covered by a plurality of front panels 3a/3b.
- the front panels comprise one or more first front panels 3a as well as one or more second front panels 3b.
- the front panels 3a/3b are arranged around the periphery of the supporting structure.
- the facade panels 3a/3b form an envelope which separates the interior of the construction and the exterior of the construction.
- the front panels 3a/3b only form the side walls of the construction.
- the foot and the top of the construction are formed by another technique, for example slabs.
- the facade panels 3a/3b are said to be “non-structural”, that is to say that they are not configured to support the vertical forces applied to the load-bearing structure, nor to achieve the bracing of the load-bearing structure.
- Facade panels 3a/3b are configured to form a facade that is watertight and airtight as well as to form a thermal barrier between the interior of the building and the exterior of the building.
- the front panels 3a/3b can be perforated with one or more reservations 4.
- a reservation 4 can be intended for the installation of a door, a window, a French window or any other element which allows communication between the inside and the outside of the building.
- Figures 8 and 9 illustrate reservations 4 in the form of windows on the second level and in the form of bay windows on the first level.
- the material capable of hardening comprises a hydraulic binder, that is to say a binder which reacts with water to harden.
- the hydraulic binder is mixed with water. When the material dries, it hardens by chemical reaction between the binder and the water.
- the binder is, for example, a cement or lime.
- the material capable of hardening is a mortar.
- the mortar is made from cement or lime and may or may not include sand.
- the front panel(s) 3a/3b are made of concrete-wood, that is to say a mixture comprising a mortar in which wooden elements are embedded.
- a facade panel 3a/3b having a density of less than 1200 kg/m3 or even less than 1000 kg/m3 or 800 kg/m3 in order to have a facade panel 3a/3b that is easy to transport and install.
- a mixture of a material capable of hardening in which are embedded organic elements of vegetable origin comprises at least 50% by volume of organic elements of plant origin.
- the mixture comprises at least 70% by volume of organic elements of vegetable origin or even at least 80% by volume of organic elements of vegetable origin.
- Such a content of organic elements of plant origin makes it possible to form a facade panel 3a/3b which perspires water vapour, which facilitates the formation of a building with good hygrothermal regulation.
- the mixture extends from one end to the other of the front panel 3a/3b in the vertical direction and in the longitudinal direction to achieve the mechanical integrity of the front panel.
- a facade panel 3a / 3b comprising a high content of organic elements of plant origin makes it possible to form a facade panel which has a density significantly lower than that of its concrete equivalent, for example at least 2 or 3 times lower than that of concrete.
- the weight of the facade is reduced, which makes it possible to limit the constraints on the load-bearing structure.
- the use of organic elements of plant origin embedded in a hardenable material makes it possible to form a facade panel which has good fire resistance and which forms a good insulator against the rise in temperature.
- the organic elements of plant origin having a much lower density than concrete, the facade panel has a very low combustible mass with regard to the volume of the panel and especially with regard to the surface of the panel.
- the facade panel has a value of mobilisable combustion heat CCM ⁇ 0.4MJ/kg. This value is significantly lower than facades made with a wooden frame.
- the mobilizable combustion value can be calculated according to appendix 2 of technical instruction 249 version 2010 (Order of May 24, 2010).
- the front panel formed by the organic elements of plant origin and the hardenable material has a textured wall which is particularly advantageous for carrying out a subsequent step of depositing a coating, for example a plaster.
- the organic elements of plant origin are wooden elements.
- the wooden elements can be wooden plates having a length of less than 75 mm, preferably between 10 and 75 mm, and even more preferably between 20 and 60 mm.
- the concrete-wood comprises between 80% and 95%, relative to the total mass of the wooden elements, of wooden elements having a length of between 10 and 60 mm, preferably between 20 and 60 mm.
- these wooden plates have a thickness of between 1 mm and 5 mm.
- microcavities are obtained on the surface of the facade panel 3a/3b, due to the fact that the concrete coats the wooden plates. Such microcavities facilitate the adhesion of a surface coating to the interior face and/or the exterior face of the facade panel.
- 3a/3b facade panels with a thickness of at least 10cm also provides good sound absorption as well as good air and water tightness.
- a facade panel 3a/3b comprising a high content of organic elements of plant origin and a non-negligible content of concrete makes it possible to form a facade panel having a thermal inertia at least equal to approximately 0.6h/ cm for facade panels with a thickness of at least 10cm.
- the facade panels have a thermal inertia at least equal to 8h. In other words, it takes at least 8 hours for the heat applied to the outer face of the facade panel to reach the inner face of the facade panel. Such a result is not achievable easily with a panel with a wooden frame or with a concrete panel.
- the construction has a plurality of facade panels 3a/3b which are attached to the supporting structure to form at least part of a facade of the construction.
- the facade panels 3a/3b are self-supporting and they do not provide any mechanical strength to the load-bearing structure capable of carrying out a load bearing and/or bracing.
- the front panels 3a/3b have a compressive strength of between 2 and 6 MPa which makes it possible to take up the fixing forces, the lateral forces with respect to the external face of the panel as well as the pressure forces due to the wind.
- the plurality of front panels 3a/3b has at least one upper front panel mounted above a lower front panel.
- the first front panel(s) 3a form the lower panel(s).
- the second front panel or panels 3b form the upper panel or panels.
- the facade panels are formed from a material which is a good thermal insulator, which has a low density and which has a low manufacturing cost, which makes it possible to produce an interesting construction.
- the front panels 3a/3b in combination with their fixings do not have mechanical performance which ensures good mechanical strength of the front panel under all conditions. It is therefore important that each of the facade panels is supported over at least 75% of its length, preferably over 100% of the length.
- the weight of the front panel is taken up on the very large majority of the foot of the front panel, which is much more advantageous than a one-off recovery on two or three studs to have good mechanical strength over time.
- the weight of the front panel is applied almost exclusively to the foot of the front panel.
- the front panel 3a/3b rests directly on a slab and/or on a lower front panel.
- the mixture is supported over at least 75% of the length of the facing panel so as to provide a facing panel which has substantial bearing with the supporting face immediately in below which ensures a good transfer of forces over the entire height of the building facade. This also allows a good distribution of forces over the entire length of the panel.
- Each of the front panels 3a/3b is fixed to the support structure.
- Each front panel 3a/3b has a foot which rests on a lower slab or a lower front panel and a head which is fixed to an upper slab.
- each front panel 3a/3b is fixed at its two longitudinal ends to the supporting structure.
- a facade panel has a height measured vertically, a length measured horizontally and a thickness measured horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the two previous ones. The thickness is significantly less than the length.
- the front panel 3a/3b tends to deform differently from the supporting structure. There is also deformation of the load-bearing structure following the application of loads or during an earthquake. It must be avoided that the load-bearing structure applies stresses on the side panel to avoid the breakage of the front panel and possibly its unhooking.
- each front panel 3a/3b is mounted to move vertically relative to the supporting structure by introducing a vertical functional play with the upper slab to which each front panel is fixed.
- the value of the vertical functional clearance is preferably between 0.5 and 1.5 cm. It is then possible for the front panel 3a/3b to adapt its deformation between the two slabs to reduce as much as possible the forces between the front panel 3a/3b and the slabs 1a/1b/1c which hold it.
- the first front panel 3a is mounted to move vertically relative to the second slab 1b.
- the second front panel 3b is movably mounted vertically relative to the third slab 1c. Every Functional Game absorbs the differential expansion between the facade panel and the load-bearing structure.
- the front panels 3a/3b are preferably devoid of metal reinforcements, for example devoid of a metal mesh which extends over the entire surface of the panel, inside the panel.
- a reinforcement structure which is preferably a wooden reinforcement structure, for example wooden cleats.
- the reinforcing structure may be a prefabricated wooden frame advantageously treated against rain, for example a frame made from a multi-ply wooden panel.
- the facade panels are configured to resist a threshold compressive force before rupture.
- This threshold compressive force may represent a threshold number of facade panels supported by the lower panel before failure. If this threshold force corresponds to three facade panels, it is possible to produce a construction which comprises four levels or less than four levels. It is advantageous to stack the front panels 3a/3b on top of each other. In other words, an upper front panel 3b rests on a lower front panel 3a. For example, the facade panel on the ground floor supports the weight of the facade panels on the upper floors.
- each facade panel 3a/3b it is advantageous to independently fix to the load-bearing structure, each panel being placed on a slab. It is still possible to combine the two techniques in the same construction, for example by placing the second facade panel on the first facade panel and by depositing the third facade panel on the slab.
- a front panel 3a/3b has a length which is at least equal to 1 meter, preferably between 1 and 10 meters.
- the height of a front panel 3a/3b is at least equal at 80cm. It is advantageous for the height of the front panel 3a/3b to be less than 400cm. It is also preferable for the thickness of the front panel 3a/3b to be greater than 10 cm and less than 80 cm, even more preferably less than 40 cm. It is particularly advantageous to form facade panels whose thickness is between 15 and 20 cm.
- each front panel 3a/3b comprises one or a plurality of lifting rings which are intended to ensure the lifting of the front panel 3a/3b by a crane.
- the lifting rings are installed in the mold intended to form the front panel 3a/3b during the pouring of the mixture into the mold.
- the tops of the lifting rings protrude from the top side wall of the front panel 3a/3b.
- the lifting rings are arranged in the median plane of the front panel 3a/3b.
- the facade panel is lifted by a crane pulling on the lifting eye(s) to place the facade panel on the load-bearing structure.
- the foot of the first facade panel 3a is fixed to the first slab 1a by one or more first connectors 5.
- the first connector or connectors may be brackets.
- the first connectors 5 can be installed irremovably or removable. The first connectors 5 make it possible to define the position of the front panel according to the direction of the thickness.
- the top of the first facade panel 3a is fixed to the second slab 1b by one or more second connectors 6.
- the second connectors 6 provide vertical mobility between the top of the first facade panel 3a and the second slab 1b.
- the second connector or connectors 6 can be brackets.
- the load-bearing structure can be formed on site in one or more operations.
- the supporting structure is formed by prefabricated elements which are fixed to each other, for example by keying.
- different configurations of 5/6 connectors are available
- the front panels 3a / 3b are arranged on top of each other.
- the lowest front panel 3a supports the weight of the other front panels 3b.
- the first front panel 3a that is to say the lowest front panel, is resting on the first slab 1a which represents the lowest slab. It is particularly advantageous to place the first facade panel 3a on the first slab 1a to control the alignment of the first facade panel 3a with respect to the supporting structure.
- the plumb of the first front panel 3a is adjusted once the first front panel 3a is placed on the first slab 1a. Adjusting the plumb makes it possible to fix the verticality of the first front panel 3a.
- the connectors fix the position and more particularly the verticality of the first facade panel in relation to the load-bearing structure.
- the fixing of the first facade panel 3a with the supporting structure is preferably carried out in such a way as to prohibit a transverse functional play, that is to say in the direction of the thickness of the facade panel 3a/3b.
- the vertical and possibly longitudinal functional play makes it possible to mechanically separate the load-bearing structure and the vertical facade panel.
- the second front panel 3b is placed on its support.
- the support is formed by the top of the first front panel 3a or by the second slab 1b.
- the plumb of the second is adjusted. 3b front panel relative to the supporting structure. Adjusting the plumb makes it possible to define the verticality of the second front panel 3b with respect to the slabs and to the lower front panel 3a.
- the angle of inclination with respect to the vertical direction is fixed by means of several connectors.
- Connectors make it possible to fix the foot of the second facade panel 3b with the second slab 1b.
- Connectors make it possible to fix the top of the second facade panel 3b with the third slab 1c.
- Connectors make it possible to fix the foot of the second front panel 3b with second posts 2b.
- the connectors which fix the foot of the second facade panel 3b with the second slab 1b can be used independently of the configuration chosen for its support (second slab 1b or first facade panel 3a).
- the upper front panel 3b is mounted in support on its support, that is to say on the common length between the front panel 3b and its support, that is to say at least 75% of the length of the panel 3b which makes it possible to carry out an effective recovery of the carrying force.
- the second front panel 3b is fixed to the supporting structure at its base and at its top by means of first connectors and second connectors.
- the longitudinal ends of the second front panel 3b are fixed to the supporting structure by connectors.
- each facade panel 3a/3b on the supporting structure makes it possible to adjust the plumbness of each facade panel 3a/3b so as to deliver a facade having a better appearance and better management of the flow of water along of the facade.
- Fixing the front panel 3a/3b with the load-bearing structure makes it possible to take up the pressure and depression forces associated with the circulation of the wind around the construction without generating force transmission in the vertical direction.
- the first front panel 3a is covered by a separation layer 7.
- the separation layer 7 is made of a hardenable and deformable material in the liquid or pasty state.
- the separation layer 7 When mounting the second front panel 3b on the first front panel 3a, the separation layer 7 is deformed to ensure homogenization of the bearing forces between the two panels 3a and 3b.
- the increase in the load-bearing surface makes it possible to improve the service life of the lowest facade panels.
- the hardenable material hardens and acts as a glue between the first front panel 3a and the second front panel 3b.
- each front panel 3a/3b rests on one of the slabs 1a/1b of the support structure and not on another front panel 3a/3b.
- Each facade panel 3a/3b is fully supported by a slab 1a/1b of the supporting structure.
- the adhesive mortar layer secures the facade panel 3a/3b to the slab to reduce movement between the slab
- each front panel 3a/3b is fixed to the supporting structure at its foot and at its top by first and second connectors as well as preferentially at its longitudinal ends.
- each facade panel 3a/3b it is particularly advantageous for each facade panel 3a/3b to bear bearing on the end of the slab 1a/1b and for the foot of the facade panel 3a/3b to protrude from the end of the slab 1a /1 b.
- the front panel rests on the slab over a distance at least equal to 10% but not more than 70% of the thickness of the front panel.
- the height of the first front panel 3a is slightly less than the distance which separates the two upper faces of the two slabs 1a and 1b on which the first front panel 3a is fixed. It is particularly advantageous to provide that the height of the front panel is less than said distance which separates the two upper faces by a value between 1cm and 4cm. It can be the same for each front panel 3a/3b.
- the gap existing between the first front panel 3a and the second front panel 3b allows the installation of a sealing member 8 which is configured to achieve watertightness between the two front panels 3a and 3b. It is also advantageous to fill part of the gap with a layer of adhesive mortar or any other hardenable separating material 9 which makes it possible to ensure continuous contact between the two facade panels and thus to block the space between the two facade panels to deliver a flat outer face facilitating the evacuation of water.
- the sealing device is installed after fixing the facade panels to the load-bearing structure.
- the top of the front panel 3a/3b has a recess 10 which extends inside the front panel 3a/3b over a first distance.
- the recess 10 receives the nose of the slab and/or a thermal insulation layer 11.
- the thermal insulation layer 11 separates the slab 1a/1b and the front panel 3a/3b.
- the elastically deformable element extends along the direction of the length of the front panel 3a/3b. It is also advantageous to install an elastically deformable element which is preferably a thermal insulator and/or a sealing member 12 between the slab 1a/1b and the facade panel 3a/3b in a vertical direction inside of recess 10.
- a thermal insulator is a layer made of a material which has a higher thermal resistivity than the thermal resistivity of the material forming the slab.
- the slab sinks a predetermined distance into the recess 10.
- the foot of the front panel 3a/3b rests on the slab 1a/1b with the same distance.
- the recess 10 extends over less than 50% of the thickness of the front panel.
- At least one or each front panel 3a/3b has a recess 10 intended to receive the upper slab 1b to which it is fixed.
- the recess 10 is arranged in an upper part of the front panel 3a, that is to say in the top of the front panel.
- the recess 10 is illustrated in the vertical sectional views of Figures 1 to 8.
- the thermal insulation 11 is replaced by a sealing element configured to provide fire resistance and/or acoustic sealing.
- the sealing member 12 is configured to achieve airtightness.
- the recess 10 extends over the entire length of the front panel 3a/3b. The length of the slab 1b is greater than the length of the front panel 3a. Several front panels 3a and/or 3b can be arranged side by side along the length direction.
- two facade panels 3a/3b of the same level are separated from each other by a second separation layer made of a hardenable and deformable material in the liquid or pasty state.
- a second separation layer made of a hardenable and deformable material in the liquid or pasty state.
- an adhesive mortar installed to fill the gap between two adjacent facade panels reduces water infiltration and prevents the formation of an air circulation circuit. This configuration improves the watertightness of the facade as well as its thermal insulation.
- recesses 14 are made during the molding of the front panel and define the position of the connectors 5 and 6. This makes it possible to simply define the position of the connectors as well as their number. This also makes it possible to quickly detect an oversight in the installation of a connector.
- thermal insulation 15 is for example a foam gasket preferably with closed pores.
- the thermal insulation is elastically deformable so as to accept movement between the elements which are in contact with the thermal insulation.
- the thermal insulation is preferably airtight.
- the foam gasket is made of polyurethane. It is even more preferable to use a strip of rock wool or other insulation that comes in the form of a felt or strip and add a seal of polyurethane foam to each of its ends.
- the thermal insulation comprises a foam which separates two joints in the longitudinal direction of the front panel.
- the front panels define a groove intended to receive the foam so as to ensure good fixing and good insulation.
- the groove is preferably formed during the molding of the front panel.
- the facade panel 3a/3b is separated from a beam 2a/2b or from a shear wall of the load-bearing structure by a thermal insulator which may be rock wool.
- the thermal insulator 9 is configured to block the flow of heat between the slab and the facade panel.
- a facade panel 3a/3b it is particularly advantageous to provide for a facade panel 3a/3b to be fixed at each of its longitudinal ends to a beam 2a/2b of the load-bearing structure or to a shear wall of the load-bearing structure. It is also very advantageous for a beam or a shear wall of the load-bearing structure to ensure the fixing of two adjacent facade panels 3a/3b. It is preferable to use a third connector 16, a particular embodiment of which is illustrated in figure 11 .
- the third connector 16 has oblong holes 17 oriented in the vertical direction when the third connector is attached to the front panel 3a/3b.
- the connector 16 is configured to connect two adjacent facade panels.
- the connector 16 has hooks or rings 18 which are intended to fit into a beam when molding the beam. The hook or hooks prevent the extraction of the connector from the beam once the concrete has dried.
- the third connector 16 is fixed to one or more facade panels by screws 19 which are inserted directly into the mixture forming the facade panel.
- a front panel 3a/3b made from a mixture containing a material capable of hardening inside which are embedded organic elements of vegetable origin and containing a content of organic elements of vegetable origin d at least 50% by volume.
- a content of organic element of vegetable origin makes it possible to provide a facade panel which can be cut by means of a saw.
- a step of cutting the front panel using a saw makes it possible to modify the shape of the front panel 3a/3b in order to compensate for a hazard on the supporting structure.
- Such a front panel also makes it possible to directly fix the front panel 3a/3b with the connector which makes the mechanical connection between the slab 1a/1b and the front panel 3a/3b. It is particularly advantageous to make the fixing by screwing directly into the front panel 3a/3b, which facilitates the installation of the front panel 3a/3b.
- Such an embodiment makes it possible to adjust the plumbness of the front panel 3a/3b as well as the alignment of the front panels 3a/3b with respect to each other on the different levels. The screwing is carried out directly without the formation of a preliminary hole, nor the use of a dowel.
- Construction can be carried out in different ways with different degrees of advancement of the supporting structure when installing one or more single-level facade panels.
- a supporting structure which has at least a first slab 1a, a second slab 1b, a first set first posts 2a connecting the first slab 1a to the second slab 1b and a second set of second posts 2b projecting from the second slab 1b and separated from the first set of second posts 2a by the second slab 1b.
- the supporting structure may also have a third slab 1c mounted on the second set of second posts 2b to form a roof or a support for the roof.
- a first front panel 3a is placed and then fixed to the supporting structure.
- a second front panel 3b is placed resting on the first front panel 3a and then fixed to the supporting structure. If a third facade panel is used, the latter is placed against the second facade panel and then fixed to the load-bearing structure.
- the facade panels are placed and fixed one after the other.
- Each front panel 3a/3b is fixed to the supporting structure by means of one or more first connectors 5 which ensure the mechanical connection between the foot of each front panel 3a/3b and the slab 1a/1b which forms facing the foot in a horizontal direction.
- the first connectors 5 are fixed to the slab before mounting the first facade panel opposite the corresponding level of the construction.
- first connectors 5 flush with the nose of the slab, that is to say the end of the slab so as to adjust the plumb of the front panel 3a/3b.
- the facade panel 3a/3b is also fixed at each of its longitudinal ends to a beam 2a/2b or possibly to a shear wall by means of third connectors 16.
- the third connectors 16 can be installed on the panel facade 3a/3b or on second studs or cross walls before installation of the upper facade panel.
- Each front panel is fixed to the load-bearing structure by means of one or more second connectors 6 which ensure the mechanical connection between the top of each front panel 3a/3b and the slab which faces the top in a horizontal direction.
- the second connectors 6 are fixed to the slab 1b/1c before mounting the first facade panel 3a/3b facing the building level.
- the front panel 3a/3b is fixed to the supporting structure by its foot and its top and preferably by its lateral ends.
- Each of the connectors ensures a vertical displacement of the first facade panel with respect to the supporting structure.
- Each connector preferably has vertical oblong holes which provide vertical functional play. It is also possible to have a connector that has horizontal oblong holes that provide horizontal functional play.
- the second slab 1b is produced after the mounting of the first front panel 3a. More generally, the slab of level n+1 is made after fixing the facade panel(s) of level n.
- the supporting structure has a first slab 1a with a set of first posts 2a.
- the first posts 2a are posts which project from the first slab 1a and which are intended to support the second slab 1b.
- a first front panel 3a is fixed to the supporting structure.
- the first facade panel 3a is fixed to the first slab 1a.
- the first front panel 3a is fixed by means of one or more first connectors 5 which make the mechanical connection between the first front panel 3a and the first slab 1a.
- the first connectors are advantageously removable connectors or comprise removable connectors
- the first facade panel 3a is fixed to the first posts 2a or shear walls by the third connectors 16.
- each of the longitudinal ends of the first front panel 3 is fixed to one of the second posts 2a or to a shear wall.
- a second slab 1b is formed on the supporting structure.
- the second slab 1b is cast.
- the waterproof film is configured to prevent the concrete of the second slab 1b from attaching directly to the top of the first facade panel 3a and from transmitting significant forces from the supporting structure.
- the formwork of the second slab 1b is installed and the second slab 1b is poured. Once the concrete of the second slab 1b is dry, the removable connectors can be removed.
- the second connector 8 of the top has one or more hooks and/or one or more rings.
- the hook or ring is embedded inside the concrete used to form the second slab.
- the installation of the hook or the ring in the second slab ensures the fixing between the first facade panel and the second slab.
- the second connector 8 preferably has oblong holes to allow vertical sliding of the first front panel relative to the second slab.
- the casting of the second slab 1b uses the first facade panel 3a as part of the mould.
- the upper part of the first facade panel 3a defines a recess and the recess is used to complete the mold which defines the shape of the slab, it forms part of the formwork.
- a longitudinal end of the slab is defined by a facade panel.
- the two opposite horizontal ends of the slab are defined by two front panels. It is particularly advantageous to make the waterproof film in a layer of thermal insulation 11 to form part of the mould.
- the mechanical stress applied to the thermal insulation layer 11 is limited which makes it possible not to degrade the insulating quality of the material used when moving the first facade panel 3a.
- the thermal insulation layer 11 is retained, which makes it possible to improve the thermal resistance between the outer face of the first front panel 3a and the first slab 1a.
- the second front panel 3b may have a slight offset in its foot wall to avoid coming to rest on the second slab 1b.
- the second posts 2b are cast after the formation of the second slab 1b.
- the second posts 2b are manufactured upstream and are fixed to the second slab 1b.
- the first facade panel 3a is fixed to the first slab 1b before forming the second slab 2b.
- the first facade panel is used to carry out the molding of the second slab 1b.
- the first facade panel 3a is used to mold one or more first posts 2a.
- two adjacent facade panels 3a in a longitudinal direction, are used to mold a first post 2a.
- each of the two panels 3a is fixed or will be fixed to the beam 2a.
- the first front panels 3a are supported beforehand to ensure good molding.
- the two front panels 3a are fixed to each other by means of a third connector 16 such as that illustrated in FIG. 11.
- the connector 16 has a hook and/or a ring which are in the mold intended to form a first post 2a.
- the hook and/or the ring 17 are embedded in the concrete of the beam 2a which makes it possible to make the connector 16 inseparable from the beam 2a.
- the connector has oblong holes in the vertical direction to allow vertical sliding of the front panel 3a relative to the supporting structure. What is said for the first facade panel 3a can be applied to a facade panel of another level.
- the thermally insulating material forms the wall of a mold intended to form the slab.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA3232888A CA3232888A1 (fr) | 2021-09-23 | 2022-09-20 | Construction munie de panneaux de fac?ades et proce?de? de fabrication d'une telle construction |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FRFR2110020 | 2021-09-23 | ||
FR2110020A FR3127237B1 (fr) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Construction munie de panneaux de façades et procédé de fabrication d’une telle construction |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2023046679A1 true WO2023046679A1 (fr) | 2023-03-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/EP2022/076094 WO2023046679A1 (fr) | 2021-09-23 | 2022-09-20 | Construction munie de panneaux de façades et procédé de fabrication d'une telle construction |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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CA (1) | CA3232888A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3127237B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2023046679A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1427593A (fr) | 1965-04-07 | 1966-02-04 | Procédé économique d'accrochage de façades d'immeubles en murs rideaux, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé | |
FR2349696A1 (fr) | 1976-04-30 | 1977-11-25 | Weiler Freres Entreprises | Perfectionnements aux panneaux de facade et a leurs procedes et dispositifs de montage |
US5239798A (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1993-08-31 | Kajima Corporation | External wall panel and mounting structure thereof |
CN107882259A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-06 | 长沙紫宸科技开发有限公司 | 一种柔性石膏纤维复合墙板 |
-
2021
- 2021-09-23 FR FR2110020A patent/FR3127237B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-09-20 WO PCT/EP2022/076094 patent/WO2023046679A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-09-20 CA CA3232888A patent/CA3232888A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1427593A (fr) | 1965-04-07 | 1966-02-04 | Procédé économique d'accrochage de façades d'immeubles en murs rideaux, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé | |
FR2349696A1 (fr) | 1976-04-30 | 1977-11-25 | Weiler Freres Entreprises | Perfectionnements aux panneaux de facade et a leurs procedes et dispositifs de montage |
US5239798A (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1993-08-31 | Kajima Corporation | External wall panel and mounting structure thereof |
CN107882259A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-06 | 长沙紫宸科技开发有限公司 | 一种柔性石膏纤维复合墙板 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3127237A1 (fr) | 2023-03-24 |
CA3232888A1 (fr) | 2023-03-30 |
FR3127237B1 (fr) | 2024-04-26 |
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