EP2431500B1 - Régénération d'électrolytes alcalins en nickel-zinc par suppression de cyanidions à l'aide de composés solubles d'ammonium quaternaire - Google Patents
Régénération d'électrolytes alcalins en nickel-zinc par suppression de cyanidions à l'aide de composés solubles d'ammonium quaternaire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2431500B1 EP2431500B1 EP10177852A EP10177852A EP2431500B1 EP 2431500 B1 EP2431500 B1 EP 2431500B1 EP 10177852 A EP10177852 A EP 10177852A EP 10177852 A EP10177852 A EP 10177852A EP 2431500 B1 EP2431500 B1 EP 2431500B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- nickel
- sulphate
- electrolyte
- soluble
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 79
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 52
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 49
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 C1-8 alkyl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004070 6 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical class [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CS1 CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 5
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 4
- KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS([O-])(=O)=O KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- HTZCNXWZYVXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl triethylammonium chloride Substances [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HTZCNXWZYVXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VJGNLOIQCWLBJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(tributyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VJGNLOIQCWLBJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VUNCZJSMIYWESS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;tetracyanide Chemical compound [Ni].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] VUNCZJSMIYWESS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical class [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(O)(=O)=O KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001347 alkyl bromides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001348 alkyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001351 alkyl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GENLSXMKBFUFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl pyridin-1-ium-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C[N+]=1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GENLSXMKBFUFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNJCMMNWJIOOLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L benzyl(tributyl)azanium benzyl(tripropyl)azanium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.[Cl-].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC KNJCMMNWJIOOLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008050 dialkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)OCC DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940008406 diethyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZBWUTVDIDNCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxido sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]OS([O-])(=O)=O JZBWUTVDIDNCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXIHYTLHIDQMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-L methanesulfonate;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O CXIHYTLHIDQMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012476 oxidizable substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/16—Regeneration of process solutions
- C25D21/18—Regeneration of process solutions of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/06—Filtering particles other than ions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
- C25D3/24—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc from cyanide baths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/565—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of zinc
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of soluble quaternary ammonium compounds for the regeneration of a zinc nickel electrolyte by removal of cyanide ions.
- the present invention relates to a process for the regeneration of a zinc nickel electrolyte, in which soluble quaternary ammonium compounds are added to the zinc nickel electrolyte, whereby the cyanide ions, which are present as Tetracyanonickelkomplex can be removed.
- the deposition of zinc nickel alloy coatings with a proportion of 10-16 wt.% Nickel causes a very good corrosion protection on components made of ferrous materials and is therefore of great importance for technical corrosion protection.
- the deposition can be carried out from weakly acidic or strongly alkaline electrolytes.
- weakly acidic or strongly alkaline electrolytes are preferred. These are distinguished from the weakly acidic processes by a much more uniform layer thickness distribution. This property is particularly noticeable in complex three-dimensional geometries of the components to be coated.
- a minimum layer thickness must be adhered to the component. This is usually 5 microns.
- Zinc is an amphoteric metal and is present therein as zincation, Zn [(OH) 4 ] 2- .
- nickel is not amphoteric and therefore can not be complexed by hydroxide ions.
- Alkaline zinc nickel electrolytes therefore contain special complexing agents for nickel. Preference is given to using amine compounds such as triethanolamine, ethylenediamine or homologous compounds of ethylenediamine, for example diethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine and the like.
- Zinc nickel alloy electrolytes are operated with insoluble anodes.
- the use of soluble zinc anodes is not possible because zinc is amphoteric and therefore chemically dissolves in a strongly alkaline solution. The use of soluble zinc anodes would therefore lead to a strong zinc increase in the electrolyte.
- this amphoteric behavior is used to supplement the zinc content in the electrolyte.
- zinc pieces are dissolved in the electrolyte in a separate zinc solution container.
- This zinc-enriched electrolyte is then replenished to the deposition electrolyte to the extent that the zinc is consumed in the deposition.
- the supplementation is usually carried out by continuous, automatic analyzes and dosing pumps controlled on the basis thereof.
- nickel Since nickel is not amphoteric and does not dissolve in the strongly alkaline electrolyte, it is suitable as an anode material for insoluble anodes. At the nickel anode, the main reaction is the formation of oxygen. Apart from nickel, other metals such as iron, stainless steel, cobalt or alloys of the metals mentioned are also suitable.
- galvanically nickel-plated steel anodes with nickel deposits of about 30 microns. The deposited nickel is supplemented in the form of suitable supplementary solutions containing nickel salts with high water solubility. Nickel sulfate solutions are preferably used for this purpose.
- the cyanide content in the zinc nickel electrolyte is very disadvantageous.
- the accumulation of cyanide in a zinc nickel alloy electrolyte can adversely affect the composition and visual appearance of the deposit.
- a milky-fogged deposit may occur. This can be partially corrected by higher dosage of brighteners again. This measure is but with an increased Consumption of brighteners and thus additional costs associated with the deposition.
- the anode used is a platinized titanium anode.
- the anolyte is acidic and contains sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, amidosulfonic acid and / or phosphonic acid.
- EP 1 702 090 B1 claims a method which provides for the separation of the cathode and anode compartments through an open cell material.
- the separator is made of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyolefin, such as polypropylene or polyethylene.
- the pore diameters have a dimension between 10 nm and 50 ⁇ m.
- ion exchange membranes where the charge transport through the membrane is carried out by the exchange of cations or anions, it can be carried out with the use of open-cell separators only by the electrolyte transport through the separator. Complete separation of the catholyte from the anolyte is not possible. It can therefore not be completely prevented that amines reach the anode and are oxidized there.
- the anode and cathode compartments are separated there by a filtration membrane.
- the size of the pores of the filtration membrane is in the range of 0.1 to 300 nm.
- a certain transfer of electrolyte from the cathode to the anode space is deliberately accepted.
- zinc nickel electrolytes do not work satisfactorily when membrane processes accordingly EP 1 344 850 or EP 1 292 724 be used.
- These brighteners obviously require anodic activation to produce their full effect. This reaction is ensured when using filtration membranes. However, this also means that the formation of cyanides can not be completely avoided.
- DE 10 2008 058 086 A1 claims a method for depositing functional layers from acidic or alkaline zinc or zinc alloy baths.
- the method includes a step of providing separation of cyanide ions by means of ion exchangers.
- any ion exchange resin capable of binding cyanide ions is suitable.
- an ion exchange resin which can attach cyanide ions to the anchor groups, inter alia, strongly basic anion exchangers are mentioned which have quaternary ammonium ions as functional groups. It is described that the subsequent regeneration of such anion exchangers is difficult and for a not even complete regeneration concentrated sodium chloride solutions have to be used.
- the object underlying the present invention is therefore to provide a means and a simplified method for the regeneration of a zinc nickel electrolyte by removing the cyanide ions.
- cyanide ions that have formed in a zinc nickel electrolyte can precipitate selectively in the form of a cyanide-containing precipitate when one or more soluble quaternary ammonium compounds are added to the zinc nickel electrolyte be added. Further studies have shown that the soluble quaternary ammonium compounds, in the sense of ion pair formation, react selectively with the tetracyanoxide anions present in the electrolyte and precipitate as a sparingly soluble product.
- the cyanide-containing reaction product can be easily removed by, for example, filtration from the electrolyte.
- the present invention is particularly against the background of the teaching of the above-mentioned DE 10 2008 058 086 A1 Surprisingly, because it describes that only the cyanide ions bind to the ion exchanger used. This is confirmed by the embodiments describing the regeneration of a zinc-nickel alloy bath with a strongly basic ion exchanger.
- a tetracyanonickel anion complex does not react with the strongly basic ion exchanger, but only the cyanide ions. It is explicitly described that the nickel concentration in the electrolyte remains constant.
- Regeneration literally means “restoration”.
- the term “regeneration” refers to the recovery of a zinc nickel electrolyte in its trouble-free state by the removal of cyanide ions which have formed during the operation of the electrolyte.
- any soluble quaternary ammonium compound can be used according to this invention.
- a quaternary ammonium compound is "soluble" in the sense of this invention if it has a solubility in the zinc nickel electrolyte of at least twice the molar amount in which the cyanide concentration calculated as tetracyanone nickel complex is present. In order to lower the cyanide concentration as much as possible, it is possible to use the soluble quaternary ammonium compound in excess of the cyanide concentration. It is therefore preferred if the solubility of the quaternary ammonium compound in the zinc nickel electrolyte is 10 times the molar amount of the molar amount of Tetracyanonickelkomplex calculated based on the cyanide concentration.
- the soluble quaternary ammonium compound preferably corresponds to the general formula [R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N] + X - , where R 1 to R 4 are identical or different and are C 1-24 -alkyl or -alkenyl, which may be mono- or polysubstituted by oxygen may be interrupted or substituted by hydroxyl or with an optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms or C 1-8 alkyl radicals substituted aryl radical, or R 1 to R 4 by ring closure of three radicals 5- or 6 -membered heterocyclic rings, such as pyridine or thiazoline, form, which in turn are optionally mono- or polysubstituted by C 1-4 alkyl or C 1-4 alkenyl, which optionally carry an aryl radical, which in turn with halogen, Amino or dimethylamino may be substituted, and X - for hydroxide, sulfate, halide, such as chloride, bromide or
- quaternary ammonium compounds are commercial products.
- trialkylamines and alkyl halides e.g. Alkyl chloride, alkyl bromide or alkyl iodide.
- the quaternary ammonium compounds thus formed have chloride, bromide or iodide as counterion.
- alkylating agents and dialkylsulfates such as Dimethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate used.
- the quaternary ammonium compounds are then obtained as alkyl sulfates, e.g. Methylsulfate or ethylsulfate.
- the quaternary ammonium compounds can be used in the form obtained in the alkylation of tertiary amines for the precipitation of tetracyanonickel complexes according to the invention. However, it is preferred to use the ammonium compounds as hydroxide or sulfate salts. In order to prevent accumulation of, for example, halogen ions in the zinc nickel electrolyte, it is preferred to use quaternary ammonium halides before their use in quaternary Convert ammonium hydroxides. The conversion can be carried out by reactions known to the person skilled in the art.
- halide salts to hydroxide salts may be by anion exchange using basic ion exchangers or by double reaction with an alcoholic solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide.
- Quaternary ammonium compounds are also commercially available in the form of their hydroxide compounds. These may be neutralized with any acid, if necessary, to form quaternary ammonium compounds with any anion X - .
- the zinc-nickel electrolyte regenerated according to the present invention is an aqueous electrolyte and typically has a zinc ion concentration in the new batch in the range of 5 to 15 g / l, preferably 6 to 10 g / l calculated as zinc, and a nickel ion concentration in the range of 0 , 6 to 3 g / l, preferably 0.6 to 1 g / l, calculated as nickel.
- the zinc and nickel compounds used for the production of the zinc nickel electrolyte are not particularly limited.
- the zinc nickel electrolytes contain an amine compound as a complexing agent for nickel.
- This amine compound is, for example, triethanolamine or ethylenediamine or homologous compounds of ethylenediamine, such as diethylenetriamine and tetraethylenepentamine.
- the complexing agent or mixtures of these complexing agents is / are usually employed in a concentration ranging from 5 g / l to 100 g / l, preferably 10 to 50 g / l, more preferably 20 g / l.
- the zinc nickel electrolyte is strongly basic.
- NaOH or KOH can be used, particularly preferably NaOH.
- a zinc nickel bath contains 80 to 160 g / l of sodium hydroxide. This corresponds to an approximately 2-4 molar solution.
- the zinc nickel electrolyte may also contain various additives commonly used to deposit zinc nickel alloys. These are, for example, aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds as brighteners, such as benzylpyridinium carboxylate or pyridinium-N-propane-3-sulfonic acid.
- the quaternary ammonium compound is preferably added to the zinc nickel electrolyte as an aqueous solution. Depending on the technical availability but also the use of a methanolic solution is possible. The addition of the quaternary ammonium compound in solid form is also possible.
- a partial volume of the electrolyte to be treated is removed and treated in a treatment vessel with the previously calculated amount of quaternary ammonium compound as a precipitant. The required amount of quaternary ammonium compound results from the cyanide concentration in the zinc nickel electrolyte.
- the precipitated reaction product can be separated, preferably by filtration, and the purified electrolyte can be returned to the production bath.
- the volume of the withdrawn partial electrolyte is calculated so that the production with the zinc nickel bath does not have to be interrupted.
- an alkaline zinc nickel bath usually a regular carbonate removal by strong cooling and Crystallization of the sodium carbonate performed.
- cyanide removal by ion pairing is associated with this carbonate freezing.
- the precipitated ion pair can thus be separated together with the Natriumcarbonatschlamm and fed to a disposal.
- phase separation by conventional means for phase separation, as they are known in the electroplating technique (for example, oil separator) possible. Furthermore, it is also possible to remove ion pairs, which do not form directly in a depositable form, by treatment of the electrolyte with activated carbon.
- the determination of the cyanide was carried out with the cuvette test LCK 319 for slightly releasable cyanides of Fa. Long.
- the quaternary ammonium compound used was benzyltriethylammonium chloride.
- 4.5 g of benzyltriethylammonium chloride were added to 600 ml of the zinc nickel electrolyte at 20 ° C. and stirred for 2 hours. After a further 20 hours, it was filtered off. In the filtrate a residual content of 82 mg / l cyanide was found. The cyanide concentration was thus reduced by 90%.
- Example 2 As in Example 1, 7.8 g / l zinc and 1.1 g / l nickel were measured in the filtrate. The decrease of the nickel value corresponds to the decrease in the accuracy of analysis as Tetracyanonickelanion.
- the quaternary ammonium compound used was benzyltributylammonium chloride.
- To 600 ml of the zinc nickel electrolyte were added 20 ° C 2.9 g of benzyltributylammonium chloride and stirred for 2 hours. After a further 20 hours, it was filtered off. In the filtrate, a residual content of 31 mg / l cyanide was found. The cyanide concentration was thus reduced by 96%.
- 7.8 g / l of zinc and 1.1 g / l of nickel were measured. The decrease of the nickel value corresponds to the decrease in the accuracy of analysis as Tetracyanonickelanion.
- test sheet Starting from the edge of the low current density range up to about 80% of the test sheet, the test sheet showed a semigloss, stainless steel-like appearance. The remaining 20% of the test sheet was dull gray.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Claims (12)
- Utilisation d'un composé d'ammonium quaternaire soluble pour la régénération d'un électrolyte de zinc-nickel par suppression d'ions cyanures.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 1, le composé d'ammonium quaternaire soluble ayant la formule générale [R1R2R3R4N]+X-,
R1 à R4 étant identiques ou différents et correspondant à un alkyle ou alcényle C1-24 qui peut éventuellement être interrompu une ou plusieurs fois par de l'oxygène ou qui peut être remplacé par de l'hydroxyle ou par un radical aryle lui-même éventuellement remplacé par un ou plusieurs atomes d'halogène ou radicaux alkyles C1-8,
ou R1 à R4 formant par cyclisation de trois radicaux des hétérocycles à 5 ou 6 chaînons, par exemple pyridine ou thiazoline, qui sont remplacés quant à eux éventuellement une ou plusieurs fois par un alkyle C1-4 ou un alcényle C1-4, qui portent éventuellement un radical aryle, qui peut lui-même être remplacé par un halogène, amino ou diméthylamino
et X- correspondant à un chlorure, bromure, iodure, méthanesulfonate, méthylsulfate, éthylsulfate, hydrogénosulfate, sulfate ou hydroxyde. - Utilisation selon la revendication 2, R1 étant un groupe alkyle C6-18 et R2, R3, R4 étant des groupes alkyles C1-4 à chaque fois indépendants les uns des autres.
- Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, X- étant un chlorure, bromure, iodure, méthanesulfonate, méthylsulfate, éthylsulfate, hydrogénosulfate, sulfate ou hydroxyde.
- Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, l'électrolyte de zinc-nickel étant un électrolyte aqueux qui a la composition suivants :- un ou plusieurs sels de Zn(II) solubles, 5 à 15 g/l, considérés comme zinc,- un ou plusieurs sels de Ni (II) solubles, 0,6 à 3 g/l, considérés comme nickel- et un ou plusieurs dérivés aminés, 5 à 100 g/l, et l'électrolyte de zinc-nickel ayant une concentration d'ions hydroxydes de 2 à 4 mol/l environ.
- Procédé pour la régénération d'un électrolyte de zinc-nickel par suppression d'ions cyanures, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :- ajout d'un composé d'ammonium quaternaire soluble à l'électrolyte de zinc-nickel et- élimination du précipité contenant le cyanure.
- Procédé selon la revendication 6, le précipité contenant le cyanure étant éliminé par filtration.
- Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, le composé d'ammonium quaternaire soluble ayant la formule générale [R1R2R3R4N]+X-,
R1 à R4 étant identiques ou différents et correspondant à un alkyle ou alcényle C1-24 qui peut éventuellement être interrompu une ou plusieurs fois par de l'oxygène ou qui peut être remplacé par de l'hydroxyle ou par un radical aryle lui-même éventuellement remplacé par un ou plusieurs atomes d'halogène ou radicaux alkyles C1-8,
ou R1 à R4 formant par cyclisation de trois radicaux des hétérocycles à 5 ou 6 chaînons, par exemple pyridine ou thiazoline, qui sont remplacés quant à eux éventuellement une ou plusieurs fois par un alkyle C1-4 ou un alcényle C1-4, qui portent éventuellement un radical aryle, qui peut lui-même être remplacé par un halogène, amino ou diméthylamino
et X- correspondant à un chlorure, bromure, iodure, méthanesulfonate, méthylsulfate, éthylsulfate, hydrogénosulfate, sulfate ou hydroxyde. - Procédé selon la revendication 8, R1 étant un groupe alkyle C6-18 et R2, R3, R4 étant des groupes alkyles C1-4 à chaque fois indépendants les uns des autres.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, X- étant un chlorure, bromure, iodure, méthanesulfonate, méthylsulfate, éthylsulfate, hydrogénosulfate, sulfate ou hydroxyde. De préférence, X- est un hydrogénosulfate, un sulfate ou un hydroxyde.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, l'électrolyte d'alliage zinc-nickel étant un électrolyte aqueux qui a la composition suivante :- un ou plusieurs sels de Zn(II) solubles, 5 à 15 g/l, considérés comme zinc,- un ou plusieurs sels de Ni (II) solubles, 0,6 à 3 g/l, considérés comme nickel- et un ou plusieurs dérivés aminés, 5 à 100 g/l,et l'électrolyte de zinc-nickel ayant une concentration d'ions hydroxydes de 2 à 4 mol/l environ.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, l'électrolyte de zinc-nickel ainsi régénéré étant utilisé pour le dépôt d'alliages zinc-nickel.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10177852A EP2431500B1 (fr) | 2010-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Régénération d'électrolytes alcalins en nickel-zinc par suppression de cyanidions à l'aide de composés solubles d'ammonium quaternaire |
PL10177852T PL2431500T3 (pl) | 2010-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Regeneracja zasadowych elektrolitów cynkowo-niklowych przez usuwanie jonów cyjankowych za pomocą rozpuszczalnych czwartorzędowych związków amoniowych |
ES10177852T ES2416984T3 (es) | 2010-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Regeneración de electrolitos de cinc-níquel alcalinos mediante la eliminación de iones cianuro con la ayuda de compuestos de amonio cuaternario solubles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10177852A EP2431500B1 (fr) | 2010-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Régénération d'électrolytes alcalins en nickel-zinc par suppression de cyanidions à l'aide de composés solubles d'ammonium quaternaire |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2431500A1 EP2431500A1 (fr) | 2012-03-21 |
EP2431500B1 true EP2431500B1 (fr) | 2013-04-03 |
Family
ID=43131609
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10177852A Active EP2431500B1 (fr) | 2010-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Régénération d'électrolytes alcalins en nickel-zinc par suppression de cyanidions à l'aide de composés solubles d'ammonium quaternaire |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2431500B1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2416984T3 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL2431500T3 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA3110391A1 (fr) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-08-25 | Fluid Energy Group Ltd | Acide sulfurique modifie et utilisations connexes |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2436316A (en) * | 1946-04-25 | 1948-02-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Bright alloy plating |
CA1119997A (fr) * | 1977-05-04 | 1982-03-16 | Bento Dafonte | Zingage par electrodeposition |
DE102008058086B4 (de) * | 2008-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von galvanischen Bädern zur Abscheidung von Metallen |
-
2010
- 2010-09-21 ES ES10177852T patent/ES2416984T3/es active Active
- 2010-09-21 EP EP10177852A patent/EP2431500B1/fr active Active
- 2010-09-21 PL PL10177852T patent/PL2431500T3/pl unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2416984T3 (es) | 2013-08-05 |
PL2431500T3 (pl) | 2013-08-30 |
EP2431500A1 (fr) | 2012-03-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2050841B1 (fr) | Bain galvanique alcalin doté d'une membrane de filtration | |
WO2007147605A2 (fr) | Composés tripyridinium utilisés comme additifs dans des bains aqueux, alcalins et sans cyanure permettant le dépôt galvanique de couches de zinc et d'alliage de zinc | |
DE3031501A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbringen eines korrosionsschutz-ueberzuges auf eisen- oder stahlteile | |
EP2283170A1 (fr) | Bains d'électrolyte au pd et au pd-ni | |
EP1961840A1 (fr) | Electrolyte de cuivre-étain et procédé pour le dépôt de couches de bronze | |
EP2116634A1 (fr) | Electrolyte de cuivre-zinc modifié et procédé de déposition de couches de bronze | |
EP3481976A1 (fr) | Procédé pour le dépôt électrolytique de revêtements de zinc et d'alliage de zinc à partir d'un bain de revêtement alcalin, avec dégradation réduite des additifs organiques du bain | |
DE1496937B2 (de) | Verfahren zum galvanischen abscheiden von aluminium aus aluminiumhalogenid enthaltenden salzschmelzbaedern auf metalloberflaechen | |
DE69106522T2 (de) | Elektroplattierung. | |
DE3447813A1 (de) | Waessriges saures bad sowie ein verfahren zur galvanischen abscheidung von zink oder zinklegierungen | |
DE102011121798B4 (de) | Elektrolyt und Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Abscheidung von Cu-Zn-Sn-Legierungsschichten und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dünnschichtsolarzelle | |
EP1831435A2 (fr) | Procede d'exploitation continue de bains de zinc ou de bains d'alliage de zinc, acides ou alcalins | |
DE2319197C3 (de) | Wäßriges Bad und Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung eines duktilen, festhaftenden Zinküberzugs | |
WO2000079031A1 (fr) | Bain acide pour deposer par voie electrolytique des couches d'or ou d'alliage d'or brillantes, et agent de brillantage prevu a cet effet | |
EP2184384B1 (fr) | Bain galvanique et procédé pour la déposition de couches contenant du zinc | |
EP2431500B1 (fr) | Régénération d'électrolytes alcalins en nickel-zinc par suppression de cyanidions à l'aide de composés solubles d'ammonium quaternaire | |
EP1295967A2 (fr) | Méthode pour la déposition électrolytique d'un alliage de zinc-nickel | |
EP2635724B1 (fr) | Procédé de placage de chrome dur à partir d'un électrolyte sans cr(vi) | |
EP3067444B1 (fr) | Deposition de revetements decoratifs en alliage palladium-fer sur des substances metalliques | |
EP3415665B1 (fr) | Procédé de dépôt galvanique de revêtements d'alliage zinc/nicel à partir d'un bain d'alliage nickel/zinc à élimination réduite des additifs | |
DE2352970A1 (de) | Korrosionsbestaendige metallueberzuege, die galvanisch abgeschiedenes nickel und mikroporoeses chrom enthalten | |
EP2989236B1 (fr) | Liquides électro-conducteurs à base de complexes métal-diphosphonate | |
EP2384800B1 (fr) | Régénération d'électrolytes zinc-nickel alcalins par la suppression d'ions de cyanure | |
DE19610361A1 (de) | Bad und Verfahren für die galvanische Abscheidung von Halbglanznickel | |
WO2013131784A1 (fr) | Ajout pour améliorer la distribution d'épaisseur de couche dans des électrolytes de tambours galvaniques |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME RS |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20120413 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: C25D 21/06 20060101ALI20120509BHEP Ipc: C25D 3/24 20060101AFI20120509BHEP Ipc: C25D 21/18 20060101ALI20120509BHEP |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: DR.ING. MAX SCHLOETTER GMBH & CO. KG |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 604805 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20130415 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 502010002835 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20130529 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2416984 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 Effective date: 20130805 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PL Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: VDEP Effective date: 20130403 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130704 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130803 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130703 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130805 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130703 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20140106 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: DR.ING. MAX SCHLOTTER G.M.B.H. & CO. KG Effective date: 20130930 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 502010002835 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20140106 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 502010002835 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20140401 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20140530 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130930 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130921 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130930 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140401 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20140921 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20100921 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140930 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140930 Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130921 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140921 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 604805 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20150921 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150921 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130403 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20191007 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20220118 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200922 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20230925 Year of fee payment: 14 Ref country code: CZ Payment date: 20230920 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20230816 Year of fee payment: 14 Ref country code: PL Payment date: 20230808 Year of fee payment: 14 |