EP2429890A1 - Navire ou support flottant équipe d'un dispositif de détection des mouvements de carènes liquides - Google Patents
Navire ou support flottant équipe d'un dispositif de détection des mouvements de carènes liquidesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2429890A1 EP2429890A1 EP10727474A EP10727474A EP2429890A1 EP 2429890 A1 EP2429890 A1 EP 2429890A1 EP 10727474 A EP10727474 A EP 10727474A EP 10727474 A EP10727474 A EP 10727474A EP 2429890 A1 EP2429890 A1 EP 2429890A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ship
- vessel
- wall
- floating support
- values
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
- B63B39/005—Equipment to decrease ship's vibrations produced externally to the ship, e.g. wave-induced vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/016—Preventing slosh
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ship or floating support for transporting or bulk storage of liquid, equipped with device (s) for detecting free surface movement within the tank (s) of transport or bulk storage vessels.
- cryogenic transport vessels either LNG or liquid methane, or other gases maintained in the liquid state at very low temperature, such as propane, butane, ethylene, or any other gas density less than water in the liquefied state, transported in very large quantities in the liquid state and substantially at atmospheric pressure.
- Liquefied gases transported at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure must be cooled at low temperature to remain in the liquid state. They are then stored in very large tanks, either spherical or cylindrical, preferably of polygonal cross section, in particular substantially parallelepipedal, the reservoirs being very strongly thermally insulated so as to limit evaporation of the gas and maintain the steel of the structure ship at a permissible temperature. Vessels generally travel either fully loaded (95-98%) or with a slight residual bottom gas (3-5%) in order to keep the tanks and insulation systems constantly cold. to allow their loading more quickly, thus avoiding the need for a progressive cold setting therefore slow and consuming operational time.
- the contents of the tanks behave like liquid hulls and wave-like phenomena known as "sloshing" or choppy, can appear and become very violent inside the tank, especially when they break. on the vertical walls of the tank and in particular also in the trihedron formed by the junction of two vertical walls and the ceiling of said tank. These phenomena are particularly sensitive because these liquids have very low viscosities, lower than that of water.
- the problem according to the present invention is to prevent the phenomena of "sloshing" type boiling in tanks of ships carrying or storing liquefied gas, in particular liquid methane or "GN L", by detecting the precursor phenomena at the onset of said "sloshing".
- GN L is used to define methane in the liquid state, i.e. liquefied natural gas, while the gaseous state is called “methane” or “Gaseous methane”.
- the inventors have tried different devices for detecting free surface movement inside the vessel storage tanks or floating supports, but the sensitivity of these devices led to unusable information, in particular detection devices based on the measurement of the free surface of the inner wall of tanks containing said liquid carene, using sonars or ultrasound devices.
- the problem of this detection results from the fact that the free surface of the LNG is difficult to detect because of the extremely low temperature conditions and moreover, it would be necessary to install too many detectors to be able to correctly analyze the surface free in critical areas in order to deduce the risks of the appearance of potentially harmful sloshing.
- the inventors have implemented, in accordance with the present invention, devices for detecting movements of surface hulls suitable for this problem, particularly based on the principle of sensors for the vibrations of a wall in direct or indirect contact with said hull, that is to say a wall to which are transmitted the vibrations of the walls of the tank, preferably using vibratory accelerometers measuring the variation of the acceleration g as a function of time.
- the present invention provides a vessel or floating carrier for transporting or storing liquid consisting of a liquefied gas, preferably selected from methane, ethylene, propane and butane, cooled in at least one large vessel, preferably cylindrical to polygonal cross section, thermally insulated of large size with at least its smallest dimension in the horizontal direction, in particular its width, greater than 20m preferably 25 to 50m and a volume greater than 10,000 m 3 , said large tank 2 being supported at the inside of the hull of the ship by a carrying structure, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of devices for detecting the agitation of liquid within the said large tank (s), hereinafter after referred to as "beacons”, comprising: - a) a vibratory accelerometer type vibration sensor able to measure the amplitude of the acceleration (g) as a function of time (t) vibrational displacements of a wall of said large vessel or of a vessel wall that is not in contact with seawater, said vessel wall including the deck of the vessel or
- wall of the internal structure of the ship is meant in particular an inner wall of the hull of a double hull ship or a wall of a support system and / or insulation of said large tank inside. of the hull.
- each said tag comprises:
- a said electronic computing unit capable of carrying out the following signal processing steps consisting of: - 1.1) processing in real time by Fourier Transform, preferably of the FFT type, the signals of said variation of the amplitude of acceleration (g) as a function of the time (t) of said wall, measured by said vibratory accelerometer in step a), to calculate the variation of the acceleration amplitude (g) as a function of the frequency F of the vibration wave of the signal obtained in step a) over a period of given time ⁇ t, then preferably calculate the spectral density of energy and / or the power spectral density
- spectral stage of step 1.3 with respective predetermined threshold values Sl, emax, pmax from which the agitation of the free surface is considered as constituting a risk of damaging or damaging deformation of said wall, and
- said transmission means able to be activated by said electronic computing unit and to transmit said maximum time acceleration values, and preferably said maximum energy spectral density and / or maximum power spectral density values Po and more preferably said spectral energy and spectral power values of step 1.3) are transmitted to a central unit preferably at the level of the ship piloting bridge, collecting the data transmitted by all said beacons, which said values are transmitted to u said central unit, preferably at the level of the ship's piloting bridge collecting the data transmitted by all the beacons, if a said threshold value of step 1.4) is reached for at least one of the tags.
- step 1.4 the risk of deformation or deterioration of said wall, associated with a said threshold value corresponds to a risk of resonance phenomenon of the movements of the free surface.
- step 2) said transmission means initially in standby are activated by control triggered by said calculation unit, if a said threshold value is reached.
- said computer comprises integrated memory capable of storing the data received from the sensors over time, so that the computer can analyze over time the overall behavior of the hull, particularly when the ship is in the ship. either at the shelter or in calm navigation, that is to say without risk of movements of free surface, thus without risk of "sloshing", this observation being correlated with the roll and / or the pitch of the ship, allows to evaluate the background noise specific to the ship in the absence of significant movements of free surface and thus define said thresholds mentioned above.
- said vibratory accelerometer is a piezo-resistive accelerometer.
- piezo-resistive detection accelerometers are able to capture frequencies from 0 to 5-10 KHz and measurement accuracy of the order of 3-5%. This type of piezo-resistive detection accelerometer is able to characterize a total state of rest, that is to say a zero acceleration.
- vibratory accelerators can be implemented such as piezoelectric sensing accelerators, capacitive sensing, inductive sensing, stress-strain type, among others.
- said vibratory sensor is constituted by a triaxial vibration accelerometer.
- Such triaxial accelerometers are able to measure the amplitudes of vibrations of the wall in the three directions of space as a function of time.
- said transmission means comprise an antenna and a transceiver capable of transforming the electrical signals supplied by said computing unit into radio waves, which radio waves are transmitted from an antenna.
- said transmission means comprise wire transmission means, comprising cables connecting a signal processing interface capable of rendering it drivable through said cables, preferably optical fiber cables combined with interfaces. transforming data of the electrical signal supplied by the electronic calculation unit in light signals.
- a said beacon further includes a complementary device capable of detecting the ship's own movements and triggering the activation of said electronic computing unit in order to carry out treatments of said steps 1.1) to 1.3) and
- the triggering of the activation of said electronic calculation units being made from a threshold value predetermined range of motion of the ship, preferably a tilt value of a wall of the ship's hull.
- the complementary device inclinometer type or inertial central can detect the own movements of the ship such as (roll, pitch, yaw, sideways, lurching or other).
- a said beacon does not include a complementary device for detecting the ship's own movements.
- said device for detecting movements of the ship is a pendulum-type inclinometer or an inertial unit, able to determine preferably the roule angle of a side wall of the hull of the ship or floating support, said value threshold being a roll angle of at least 5 °, preferably 5 to 10 ° relative to the vertical.
- the device consumes very little energy, because within the computer, the standby loop is very simple.
- the computer analyzes all the information coming from the vibration sensor and carries out the signal processing, the results of said processing being then transmitted to the central supervisor to the extent that at least one of the thresholds predefined is crossed.
- activation of the electronic computing unit means that the latter has previously been in a standby state and is self-sufficient. active to perform the processing and transmissions of steps b) and c) above, said transmission means 5d being activated by said electronic computing unit 5b.
- said electronic calculation unit is able to be activated from the measurement of an acceleration amplitude threshold value (g) as a function of time.
- each said beacon is powered by a power supply means consisting of a battery or a super capacitor, preferably a lithium battery, supplying said vibratory accelerometer, electronic computing unit, and transmission means and preferably said detection devices. ship movements.
- a power supply means consisting of a battery or a super capacitor, preferably a lithium battery, supplying said vibratory accelerometer, electronic computing unit, and transmission means and preferably said detection devices. ship movements.
- said supply means further comprise a thermocouple SEEBECK effect whose cold junction is installed between the cold inner wall of the tank and said tag, the latter constituting the hot welding of the thermocouple, said thermocouple for generating a permanent current supplying said beacon and, preferably continuously recharging said battery or super capacitor.
- said beacons are integral with the deck of the ship and / or a supporting and insulating side wall. walls of said large tank inside the hull of the ship vis-à-vis a shell wall of the hull, said beacons being located near corners of said large tank at its longitudinal ends.
- said beacons are positioned opposite a dihedron formed by the angles of a vertical longitudinal lateral wall, a vertical transverse wall and a ceiling wall of said large tank; a trihedron formed by two planes of a ceiling wall of said large tank, arranged angularly with respect to each other and a transverse vertical lateral wall of said large tank,
- the said tags are fixed on a said wall by welding or gluing
- Each said beacon comprises a container within which is confined all said vibration sensors, electronic computing unit, means for transmitting data of the signal and preferably complementary detection device, said container being fixed on said wall and said means of feeding.
- ATEX ATEX
- said vessel is a former LNG-type transport vessel converted into a fixed anchored floating storage vessel, the filling level of at least one of its tanks is determined according to the stirring the liquid contained therein as detected and calculated by said liquid agitation detecting device.
- the present invention also provides a method for detecting liquid agitation within the vessel (s) of a vessel according to the invention comprising the successive steps in which:
- said signal processing is carried out, preferably after having activated a said electronic computing unit when a threshold value of the vessel's movement is reached and,
- step 2) The transmission of the values obtained in step 1) is carried out from said electronic computing unit to a said central unit.
- FIG. 1 represents in cross-section and in front view a GNL storage and regasification Floating Storage and Regaseification Unit (FSRU) floating support equipped with devices for detecting movements of the free surface inside the tank 2. with rectangular vertical section of said floating support,
- FSRU Floating Storage and Regaseification Unit
- FIG. 2 represents in cross-section and in front view a GN L transport vessel equipped with liq uide hull motion detection devices within the orthogonal section vessel 2 of said vessel,
- FIG. 3 is a view from above of an LNG transport vessel comprising three tanks, equipped with devices for detecting free surface movement within said tanks,
- FIG. 4 is a cross section in side view of the lower part of a tank equipped on the right side with a hull detection device powered by a Seebeck effect thermocouple,
- FIG. 4A details the device of FIG. 4
- FIG. 5 is a plan view in top view of two LNG tanks equipped with radio-frequency type surface hull motion detection devices
- FIG. 6 is a plan view in plan view of two LNG tanks equipped with devices for detecting movements of the hull connected to each other and to the ship's bridge via a wired local network,
- FIGS. 7A-7B detail the operation of the sloshing detection devices respectively in a standalone version (7A) and in a version connected to a wired local area network (7B),
- FIGS. 8A-8B detail a free surface movement mode, or beacon, on the basis of information related to the ship's own movements,
- FIGS. 9A-9B detail a triggering mode of the hull motion detection devices on the basis of information related to the triggering of any said hull motion detection device
- FIGS. 10A-10B detail a mode of triggering of a device for detecting movements of free surface on the basis of information related to the appearance of a phenomenon of the type of free surface movement
- FIGS. HA to H D are acquisition and signal processing diagrams by an FFT at various stages of the process according to the invention.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams for processing the signal by a DSP at different stages of the process according to the invention.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are diagrams of signal processing by a DSE at different stages of the process according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows, in cross-section, a vessel 1 of the FSRU type, anchored by lines Ib connected to winches Ic, installed on a petroleum field and receiving by pipes, not shown, gas coming from heads subsea wells, said gas being treated on board in Id facilities to be cooled to a temperature below -163 ° C and stored in the form of liquid 3 in the tanks 2 before being transferred to LNG carriers which will transport said gas, still in liquid form, to the users.
- the parallelepipedic tanks 2 have a volume of 24,000 m 3 with a width of 20 m, a length of 40 m and a height of 30 m, the largest can reach and exceed 60,000 m 3 .
- the ship is equipped with hull movement detection devices 5 hereinafter referred to as “beacons” or “sloshing detection devices” according to the invention, namely four autonomous beacons 5-1 located near the corners of the aircraft.
- beacons 5-1 located near the corners of the aircraft.
- the 5-1 tags are positioned near:
- angles 2d forming a dihedral at the intersection of the longitudinal side wall 2f and a transverse lateral wall 2g and
- the tanks 2 are secured to the shell 4a, 4b by carrier structures of metal beam type 11 uniformly distributed and providing the connection between, on the one hand, the surfaces of the outer wall 2a-1 coating 2a of the tank 2 (itself secured to the walls 2f, 2h of the tank 2) and secondly, the inner walls of the hull of the ship.
- the tags near the upper corners 2d are either positioned on the bridge 4a of the floating support, or against a longitudinal side wall 2a-1 of the insulation system facing the side wall 4b of the hull of the ship.
- the beacons located near the lower corners 2g are preferably located against a side wall 2a-1 of the insulation system 2a of the tank 2 inside the shell vis-à-vis its side wall 4b.
- the free surface 3a of liquid methane (LNG) in the tank 2 is generally slightly agitated depending on the excitation of the liquid surface caused by the swell, the wind and the current acting on the ship. In the event of degraded ocean-weather conditions, this agitation increases and may lead to significant waves reflecting on the walls of the tank and may lead to breaks on said walls.
- LNG liquid methane
- the ship In navigation or anchored configuration, the ship is subject to sea conditions, ie to swell, current and wind, and the contents of the various tanks are then subject to permanent excitation from said swell. , said current and said wind. It then forms a kind of confined waves in the tank 2, which bounces on the side walls 2f and is then reflected while keeping its own energy, that is to say, its period and its amplitude. This then results in more or less significant surface agitation depending on the sea conditions.
- the waves thus reflected on the walls recombine with each other, and can either evolve towards decreasing state of agitation when the recombination occurs in phase shift. or towards increasing states when they recombine in phase.
- the vertical angles 2d at the ceiling of the tanks are in fact zones where, in the event of breakage, there is a risk of very violent shocks due to the trihedral shape created by the two vertical walls and the ceiling of the tank, this is why we advantageously have the 5-1,5-2 beacons near said tank angles.
- FIG. 2 shows in cross-section another vessel 1, but of the LNG type equipped with hull motion detection devices or "sloshing" 5-1,5-2 according to the invention, the phenomenon of " sloshing "being here formed in 3b, ready to break on the top of the port portion 2f of the LNG tank.
- beacons On the port side of the ship, two independent 5-1 markers are installed on the bridge of the ship, these beacons communicate by radio with a central supervisor 6, preferably a PC-type computer, installed at the control station. preferably at the level of the steering bridge of the ship on the one hand, and secondly, these tags communicate by radio with the other tags 5-1, as will be explained below.
- central supervisor 6 preferably a PC-type computer
- these tags communicate by radio with the other tags 5-1, as will be explained below.
- two 5-2 wired-type beacons On the starboard side, on the ship's deck, two 5-2 wired-type beacons have been installed, these beacons communicating with the same central supervisor 6 via a local computer network 5d-3.
- the tank 2 of this vessel has an orthogonal section with a ceiling wall consisting of a horizontal central wall 2e-2 and two side walls of 2nd-l side inclined downwardly towards the longitudinal side walls 2f.
- first 2d trihedrons formed by a longitudinal side wall 2f, an end transverse wall 2g and the adjacent inclined 2nd-l ceiling wall portion and, - 2c trihedrons formed by a transverse end wall 2g and two adjacent ceiling walls 2e-1, 2e-2 arranged angularly relative to each other.
- the beacons 5-1 and 5-2 are constituted by the following elements:
- a vibration sensor 5a consisting of a vibratory accelerometer, more specifically an accelerometer capable of measuring the acceleration variations g of the vibrations of the wall on which they are fixed as a function of time.
- These vibrations of the wall of the bridge on which they are fixed are in relation with the vibrations of the wall of the tank 2, since it is supported by the hull of the ship or floating support and fixed jointly to it by a carrier structure 11, which transmits the vibrations of the tank 2 to the hull Ia-Ie of the ship; more precisely, these accelerometers are triaxial accelerometers known to those skilled in the art, that is to say able to measure the linear acceleration in the three directions of space, preferably piezo-type accelerometers.
- beacons 5a are fixed by welding or gluing against the wall to which they are attached, b) an electronic computing unit 5b comprising a microprocessor and integrated memory. c) the data transmission means 5d, which can be of two types:
- said transmission means comprise a 5d-1 antenna and a transceiver
- 5d-2 able to transform the electrical signals provided by said unit in radio waves 5b, which radio waves are transmitted from a 5d-1 antenna.
- said transmission means 5d comprise cables 5d-3 connecting a signal processing interface 5d-4 capable of rendering it drivable through said cables 5d-3, preferably fiber cables. optical combined with 5d-4 interfaces transforming said data of the electrical signal supplied by the electronic computing unit 5b into light signals.
- the beacons 5-1, 5-2 comprise a device for detecting movements of the ship 5c, which is an inclinometer, for example of the pendulum type, or an inertial unit, able to determine preferably the angle roll of a lined wall
- This device 5c is able to trigger the activation of said electronic computing unit 5b to perform processing of said steps b. l) to b.3) and c) of said beacon and the other electronic computing units 5b of the other beacons of the same tank and the other tanks of the ship or floating support, the triggering of the activation of said electronic computing units it is based on a predetermined threshold value of the vessel's movement amplitude, preferably a tilt value of a wall of the ship's hull, said threshold value being a roll angle of at least 5 °, preferably 5 to 10 ° with respect to the vertical.
- FIG. 3 is a top view of an LNG transport vessel comprising three 2-1,2-2,2-3 tanks of orthogonal section, the first of which, 2-1, on the left, is equipped with four beacons.
- 5-1 of the autonomous type according to the invention installed outside on the deck of the vessel, at the outer vertical angles 2d of said tank at its longitudinal ends.
- the middle tank 2-2 is also equipped with four 5-1 bays installed inside the vessel in the upper part between the outer plating. the vessel and the outer wall 2-1 of the insulating coating 2a of the LNG tank 2-2.
- the bowl 2-3 of the right is equipped with eight devices 5-1 as in Figure 2, respectively at the four corners 2d, outward and four corners 2c at the junction of the inclined walls 2-1 of the ceiling with the central wall 2-2 of the ceiling of the tank, as shown in the sectional view in Figure 2.
- the hull movement detection devices or 5-1,5-2 beacons are installed either in direct contact with the outer wall 4a, 4b of the ship, preferably at the deck 4a of said ship as shown in FIG. 2, or inside the ship, for example in a corridor, in the space between the ship's plating 4b and the insulating coating 2a of the GN L tank, as explained in FIGS. 1 and 4 4A.
- the 5-1,5-2 free surface motion detection device is integral with the wall on which it is installed. It is either mechanically fixed by welding 5-4 or by bolting, or advantageously by simple bonding, so that any vibration of said wall is transmitted integrally to the device 5-1,5-2 with the minimum attenuation .
- the 5-1,5-2 sensing devices are in some ways "listening" to what happens inside the LNG storage tanks.
- the “sloshing" detection device 5 is either of the autonomous type 5-1 and then transmits its information by radio, as detailed in FIGS. 5 and 7A, or of the wired type 5-2, and then transmits its information, for example , via a wired local computer network 5d-3, as detailed in FIGS. 6 and 7B.
- the "sloshing" detection device, or beacon is of autonomous type 5-1. It consists of a triaxial accelerometer 5a 5a-1 connected to a computing unit 5b, the assembly being powered by a super-capacitor or a battery 5e, preferably a lithium battery with a very long life. The information resulting from the calculations within the computing unit 5b is transmitted by radio using a 5d-2 radio transceiver equipped with a 5d-1 antenna.
- the wired beacon version 5-2 shown in FIG. 7B, the latter consists of a triaxial accelerometer 5a connected to a computing unit 5b, the assembly being supplied at 5d-6 by the wired connection of the type 5d-3 network. The information resulting from the calculations within the calculation unit 5b is transmitted to the central unit 6.
- FIG. 5 shows the plan view of two tanks 2-1, 2-2 equipped at their four corners with 5-1 markers of autonomous type, one of the markers 5-la has just been activated by the inclinometer device 5c. and then communicates by radio with the central supervisor 6 and with all the other tags 5-1 of the two tanks to reactivate them.
- FIG. 6 represents the plan view of two 2-1,2-2 tanks equipped at their four corners with 5-2 wired-type beacons, communicating with the central supervisor 6 and with all the other beacons by via a local network 5d-3.
- each of the tags when activated, then communicates individually with the supervisory computer 6 preferably located at the gateway, as shown in Figure 1.
- said tag informs all other tags simultaneously and activates them, the latter then go into data acquisition mode, data processing and communication with the central supervisor 6.
- the activation of a beacon is caused by the device 5c, of the inclinometer or inertial central type sensitive to the ship's own movements.
- a radio signal 8a is then sent to the central supervisor 6 and a radio signal 8b is sent to all tags to activate them.
- the triaxial accelerometer 5a sends its data to the computing unit 5b, which processes them in a particular manner, which will be explained below, and then transmits the data resulting from the radio signal processing until 6.
- the supervisor 6 then processes all the data collected from the various 5-1,5-2 beacons and can thus synthesize the state of the agitation of the free surface in the tank to determine if this agitation may lead to harmful sloshing for the installations.
- the supervisor 6 enters the data collected from the various tags into a mathematical model allowing it to provide control commands of the vessel in terms of speed and / or direction to reduce or eliminate this risk of "sloshing".
- FIG. 9A the activation of a calculation unit 5b of the beacon 5 is caused by a radio signal 8b coming directly from a first beacon or a radio signal 8c originating from the central supervisor 6, itself having collected data from said first tag.
- the transmission acquisition process, represented in FIG. 9B, is then identical to that described previously with reference to FIG. 8B.
- the activation of a beacon is caused by a signal coming from its accelerometer 5a, a signal caused for example by a resonance phenomenon of the GN L liquid surface while the ship's own movements are weak or even insignificant, said movements of the ship not being sufficient to reach the triggering threshold of the device 5c, inclinometer type or inertial central.
- the beacon then sends a signal 8a to the central supervisor 6 as well as a signal 8b to all the other beacons to activate them.
- the transmission acquisition process shown in FIG. HB is then identical to that described above with reference to FIG. 9B.
- wired links 5d-2 the same information as that described with reference to FIGS. 8, 9 and 10, in the case of radio links, pass in a known manner over the wired local network 5d-3 connecting, in series, in star, or ring, all tags and the central supervisor 6.
- the signal processing within a beacon 5 is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 11 to 13.
- This normal operating mode ie out of the self-learning adjustment phases described below, when the beacon is triggered, for example by a roll and / or pitch exceeding a given threshold perceived for example by the inclinometer 5c, the calculator is aware, by simple direct measurement of the signal, of the exact period of said roll-pitch, and therefore of the level of risk of excitation and amplification of the movements of the liquid surface that may degenerate into "sloshing" ", By a mathematical modeling of the liquid hulls within the various tanks.
- the time signal of FIG. HA associated with said excitation period, ie said rolling and / or pitching period, and with the software integrated in the computer 5b, several types of processing will be carried out according to the configuration. said signal.
- Figures HB and HC show the acceleration diagram (g) as a function of the frequency (Hz) corresponding to the signal processing by FFT (Fig. HB) and filtering of the background noise (Fig. HC ).
- Figure HD represents the diagram of the temporal accelerations after filtering and treatment of the signal by an inverse Fourier Transform of the IFFT type, highlighting the exceeding of the thresholds S1, S2, etc. Predefined.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B show the diagram of a DSP, in which the function g 2 / Hz is represented in the ordinate manner, and the frequency Hz in abscissa, the curve corresponding to the signal processing, respectively. by a DSP (12A) and after filtering the background noise (12B).
- the spectral power g 2 is then represented by the integral of the g 2 / Hz function of FIG. 12B, that is to say by the hatched surface of FIG. 12B, between the curve, the X axis, and the high Fb and low Fa limits of the filtering.
- Figures 13A and 13B show the diagram of a
- the function g 2 s / Hz that is to say the square of the acceleration, multiplied by a time and divided by the frequency, and in abscissa the frequency Hz, the curve respectively corresponding to the signal processing by a DSE (13A) and after filtering the background noise (13B).
- the spectral energy (g 2 xt) is then represented by the integral of the function g 2 s / Hz of the 13B, that is to say by the hatched surface of Figure 13B, between the curve, the X axis, and the upper and lower limits of the filtering.
- the resultant data are transmitted to the central supervisor 6 only in the case where maximum threshold values are crossed.
- the triggering threshold for transmitting data to the central supervisor 6 is defined:
- the transmitted data then being the value of the power peak (s) P 0 associated with their corresponding frequency F 0 , as well as the overall spectral power represented by the shaded area of said figure,
- the transmitted data then being the value of said global spectral power, as well as, if appropriate, the value (s) of previously defined peaks associated with their respective frequencies.
- the trigger threshold for transmitting data to the central supervisor 6 is defined:
- the transmitted data then being the value of the energy peak or peaks ei, e 2 associated with the corresponding frequency Fi, F 2 , as well as the overall spectral energy represented by the hatched area of said figure,
- the transmitted data are then the value of said overall spectral energy, and, where appropriate, the value or values of the previously defined peaks associated with their respective frequencies.
- FIG. 12B there is shown a single peak of value P 0 exceeding the predefined threshold p max .
- FIG. 13B shows two peaks ei and e 2 of energy not exceeding the predefined threshold e max , and consequently the triggering of data transmissions to the central supervisor 6 will not be initiated by this signal relating to the peaks. .
- the computer 5b continuously receives data from the sensor 5a, processes them continuously or not, stores them in its internal memory and analyzes over time the overall behavior of the system, mainly when the ship is either at the shelter, or in calm navigation, ie without risk of liquid hull movements, so "sloshing".
- DSP PSD (Power Spectral Density
- EHR ESD (Energy Spectral Density)
- Signal filtering eliminates unwanted frequencies, usually very low frequencies and high frequencies. This filtering eliminates what is called the background noise, that is to say the noise created by the ship's own environment.
- This spectral energy is then compared in real time with predetermined threshold values. As soon as a predetermined threshold value is reached or exceeded, the computing unit 5b then performs an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform), that is to say, a reverse fourier transform, which makes it possible to return to the variation signals.
- IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
- acceleration g as a function of time t, having however eliminated in the preceding filtering phases said background noise. Then, in real time, signals of variation of the accelerations specific to the liquid carene as a function of time are revealed, and the risks of occurrence of a potentially harmful "sloshing", as well as the acceleration peaks corresponding to proven shocks against the walls of the tanks, or to quasi-shocks, ie resonances in increasing phase that can lead in the very short term to adverse shocks to the integrity of the tank, and therefore the vessel.
- This information once processed within the calculation unit 5b, is transmitted at intervals, regular or otherwise, to the central supervisor 6 which then processes all the data and then specifies the location of the phenomenon of "sloshing" in term tank number and exact location of agitation or proven impacts of "sloshing", and quantify the extent of the phenomenon.
- the calculation process within the calculation unit 5b advantageously defines several thresholds, for example two thresholds: a first threshold Sl below which the information is routinely transmitted at regular intervals and spaced , and above which the interval between two transmissions is reduced, for example by half, because there is then risk of resonance phenomena that can lead to a "sloshing" detrimental. a second threshold S2, above which the transmissions are then much more frequent, for example 5 times more frequent, and said tag is then considered by the central supervisor 6 as a priority vis-à-vis the other tags, as the latter have not reached said threshold S2.
- a first threshold Sl below which the information is routinely transmitted at regular intervals and spaced , and above which the interval between two transmissions is reduced, for example by half, because there is then risk of resonance phenomena that can lead to a "sloshing" detrimental.
- a second threshold S2 above which the transmissions are then much more frequent, for example 5 times more frequent, and said tag is then considered by the central supervisor 6 as a priority vis-à-vis the other
- the mode of operation of the beacon has been explained in detail above, is based on a self-learning of the computer over time, said self-learning having the effect of changing over time certain parameters of the software integrated in the computer 5b .
- These parameters are thus predefined at the start of the installation on board the ship, and will evolve over time by self-learning, according to the overall behavior and the analysis results by the various tags and by the central supervisor.
- the main parameters will thus be set initially at conservative values, that is to say, generally low thresholds, then will be updated automatically over time towards more restrictive and realistic values, depending on the behavior. real hulls liquid vis-à-vis the concomitant behavior of the ship.
- the analysis of the signals from the sensors 5a will characterize very quickly, and in various situations rather quiet, the background noise intrinsic to the system, and eliminate it effectively during FFT-type treatments.
- the main parameters, initially set but which, by self-learning, will evolve over time, after a few days, then a few weeks, a few months, a few years, are, among others:
- the tags 5 have a considerable on-board computing capability, which makes it possible to transit via rad io (autonomous type of tags 5-1) or on the local network 5d-3 (wired tags 5-2) that data results. processed, which drastically reduces the occupation of the central supervisor 6, who then has only to concatenate signal processing result data, to synthesize it and to make available to the ship's commander a precise state of affairs. the behavior of its cargo in each of the LNG storage tanks.
- wired type tags 5-2 requires the establishment of a local computer network and requires a power supply.
- the local network 5d-3 will advantageously be of the optical fiber type, and the power supply of the beacon will also advantageously be of the integrated battery type 5e, as in the case of autonomous beacons 5- 1.
- the installation various components in this ATEX environment will be simplified accordingly.
- beacon autonomous 5-1 and 5d-4 interface in the case of the wired beacon 5-2 are of the low consumption type in working condition and very low consumption, or even almost zero consumption, in standby state.
- the energy to be provided for these beacons will be provided by 5th batteries with long life and charge, and advantageously by lithium batteries whose life exceeds 2 or even 3 years.
- the autonomous beacon is advantageously powered by a device 9 of the Seebeck effect thermocouple type installed inside the hull of the ship, between the plating 4b, against the wall of the vessel. 2a-1 insulation of the tank.
- the beacon 5-1 is installed against the insulating wall 2a-1 of the tank, through which a small diameter orifice 9a, for example 5mm, has been previously drilled, passing through it from one side to the other. to the sealing wall 2.2f, either primary or secondary, then inserting a thermocouple in the orifice so that the cold junction 9-2 is in contact with the internal cold wall 2.2f, wall to the temperature of -163 ° C in the case of the primary sealing barrier.
- the cold junction 9-2 is connected in known manner by a double-stranded cable to the hot weld located at the housing 9-3, the latter being at ambient temperature, that is to say at a temperature of 10-20 ° C. 0 C.
- This temperature differential then produced in a known manner by the Seebeck effect, a permanent electrical supply permanently the beacon, and preferably continuously charging, a battery, not shown, or even a super-capacitor, that is to say a capacitor of very large capacity.
- autonomous type 5-1 and wired type 5-2 tags have been described. These two types each have their own advantages.
- the autonomous version 5-1 has a certain advantage, since the beacons are of the ATEX type and each include all the required functions. They can be added to existing equipment and be secured on the deck or inside the hull, against the insulation wall, by simply gluing, which does not require any work generally considered dangerous in potentially explosive environments .
- the wired version 5-2 requires a local network installation work along the length of the ship to reach the central supervisor 6 located at the bridge.
- This type of arrangement is more particularly intended for new constructions, although the autonomous version 5-1 still remains extremely interesting in this case, because it completely eliminates the deployment of said local network 5d-3, which represents a considerable cost, because of such vessels measure several hundred meters in length.
- this type of installation over very long distances, it is not uncommon to have a local network cost representing 70 to 85% of the overall installation.
- the cost of the installation is drastically reduced, while facilitating its installation and integration in a high-explosive gas environment requiring ATEX standardized equipment.
- the ATEX standardization is known to those skilled in the art and the components implemented in the context of the beacons 5-1 and 5-2, particularly at the level of the sensor 5a and the calculation unit 5b are available in an ATEX 5-3 module from CEGELEC (France) in the BACC range of products.
- the components 5d-2 providing radio transmission of the data of the autonomous beacon 5- 1 are available, for example, from ASM (Austria) under the reference ASCell3911. These components communicate on ISM 868 MHz, 433 MHz and 315 MHz standard frequencies, thus meeting the legislation of the various industrialized countries.
- This type of component has a range limited to 25-100Om according to the model and the environment (confined medium or open environment) and have a consumption in emission situation of 10 to 12 mA under 2-3.5v, and a consumption in monitoring the order of 0.5 uA, that is to say a consumption almost zero, which represents a considerable advantage for the lifetime of batteries or lithium batteries supply.
- This type of component is integrated in the ATEX module 5-3 previously described.
- the main triaxial accelerometer 5a is advantageously used to perform this task, insofar as it has a sensitivity adapted to correctly detect the movements of the ship, as well as the thresholds to trigger said beacon.
- the computing unit 5b will continuously scan the signals coming from said main accelerometer and deduce from it the actual movements of the ship and in particular its rolling pitch, triggering if necessary the previously detailed acquisition-processing-transmission process. .
- it installs on a tank of 135,000 m 3 capacity with four tanks of GN L, an autonomous beacon at each of the angles 2c, 2d of each of said tanks, said beacons being located on the bridge 4a.
- Each of the beacons is preset to process the signals from the triaxial accelerometer 5a in a range of liquid hull oscillation periods corresponding to swells between 4-5 seconds and 15-18 seconds.
- each of the beacons 5 is in permanent observation, ie in permanent acquisition of the movements of the ship (roule, pitch, ...), but in standby of treatment and transmission, that is to say in almost zero consumption.
- the predefined triggering threshold for example an 8 ° roll
- each of the data is compared with the reference data by the calculation unit 5b, after filtering as explained above with reference to FIG. If this energy is greater than said reference, an IFFT calculation is then launched in order to highlight any shocks and quasi-shocks, and to classify them in amplitude according to the predefined thresholds S1, S2, S3, etc.
- the central supervisor 6 intervenes at each of the beacons by simple radio transmission, or if necessary through the local network 5d-3, to modify the predefined thresholds or modify the acquisition calculation programs or self learning. Likewise, said central supervisor intervenes remotely to modify said defined reference thresholds. The modifications are also advantageously performed during maintenance operations on each of the tags, or when a tag is replaced by a new generation tag.
- the device according to the invention is particularly interesting in the case of old LNG vessels converted to be used as floating storage at a fixed station, either near a GN L production site, or in a coastal zone, in as reception and regasification terminal.
- these vessels of old design often have performance in terms of insulation of tanks, less efficient, or even degraded due to the operational time that reaches and exceeds in some cases 30 or 40 years.
- the propulsion means of this type of vessel have also become obsolete because of the low efficiency of the old machines, and the ships are then destined to be destroyed although the ship's own structure is still perfectly acceptable.
- the conversion of such vessels is very interesting because the main machine is no longer used, and the lack of performance of the insulation system is not critical, and may even in some cases be advantageous.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0953202A FR2945511B1 (fr) | 2009-05-14 | 2009-05-14 | Navire ou support flottant equipe d'un dispositif de detection des mouvements de carenes liquides |
| PCT/FR2010/050881 WO2010130925A1 (fr) | 2009-05-14 | 2010-05-07 | Navire ou support flottant équipe d'un dispositif de détection des mouvements de carènes liquides |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2429890A1 true EP2429890A1 (fr) | 2012-03-21 |
| EP2429890B1 EP2429890B1 (fr) | 2013-04-03 |
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| EP10727474A Not-in-force EP2429890B1 (fr) | 2009-05-14 | 2010-05-07 | Navire ou support flottant équipé d'un dispositif de détection des mouvements de carènes liquides |
Country Status (12)
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| US (1) | US8770125B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2429890B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5385454B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR101523128B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN102421664B (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2010247281B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI1010834A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2945511B1 (fr) |
| MY (1) | MY155870A (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2520622C2 (fr) |
| SG (1) | SG176047A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010130925A1 (fr) |
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| JPS594874Y2 (ja) * | 1979-03-23 | 1984-02-13 | 日立造船株式会社 | 液化天然ガス運搬船のタンク構造 |
| GB2362698B (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 2002-03-27 | Marconi Gec Ltd | An interface between two media |
| JP2605492B2 (ja) * | 1991-02-26 | 1997-04-30 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | 能動制振型海洋構造物 |
| RU2002663C1 (ru) * | 1991-03-15 | 1993-11-15 | Vokhmyanin Vladislav G | Устройство В.Г.Вохм нина дл предотвращени перемещени жидкого груза в цистерне судна |
| JPH107190A (ja) * | 1996-06-21 | 1998-01-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 液位制御式共振防止装置付きタンク |
| JP3209272B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-07 | 2001-09-17 | 株式会社新来島どっく | 輸送船の液体貨物保温装置 |
| US6301572B1 (en) * | 1998-12-02 | 2001-10-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Neural network based analysis system for vibration analysis and condition monitoring |
| CA2299755C (fr) * | 1999-04-19 | 2009-01-20 | Trans Ocean Gas Inc. | Methode et systeme de transport a composition gazeuse naturelle |
| US20020035957A1 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2002-03-28 | Fischer Ferdinand J. | Thruster apparatus and method for reducing fluid-induced motions of and stresses within an offshore platform |
| EP1687613A4 (fr) * | 2003-06-09 | 2007-06-20 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | Procede et appareil pour tester des ecoulements de fluides |
| US7137345B2 (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2006-11-21 | Conocophillips Company | High volume liquid containment system for ships |
| JP2006219114A (ja) * | 2005-01-11 | 2006-08-24 | Noritaka Matsumura | 液動監視装置付き船舶の動揺軽減装置 |
| EP2091810A4 (fr) * | 2006-12-15 | 2013-07-24 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | Frsu/fslv/lngc d'un long réservoir |
| KR101657955B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-26 | 2016-09-20 | 엑손모빌 업스트림 리서치 캄파니 | 독립 주름형 액화천연가스 탱크 |
| CN201060026Y (zh) * | 2007-07-20 | 2008-05-14 | 天津市计仪自动化系统工程有限公司 | 智能总线液舱液位监视系统 |
-
2009
- 2009-05-14 FR FR0953202A patent/FR2945511B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-05-07 KR KR1020117029819A patent/KR101523128B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-05-07 SG SG2011083615A patent/SG176047A1/en unknown
- 2010-05-07 BR BRPI1010834A patent/BRPI1010834A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-05-07 US US13/320,487 patent/US8770125B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-05-07 RU RU2011144436/11A patent/RU2520622C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-05-07 MY MYPI2011005456A patent/MY155870A/en unknown
- 2010-05-07 EP EP10727474A patent/EP2429890B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-05-07 CN CN201080021361.4A patent/CN102421664B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-05-07 JP JP2012510334A patent/JP5385454B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-05-07 AU AU2010247281A patent/AU2010247281B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-05-07 WO PCT/FR2010/050881 patent/WO2010130925A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2010130925A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2012526698A (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
| EP2429890B1 (fr) | 2013-04-03 |
| MY155870A (en) | 2015-12-15 |
| KR20120027026A (ko) | 2012-03-20 |
| WO2010130925A1 (fr) | 2010-11-18 |
| US8770125B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 |
| KR101523128B1 (ko) | 2015-05-26 |
| FR2945511A1 (fr) | 2010-11-19 |
| RU2011144436A (ru) | 2013-06-20 |
| BRPI1010834A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
| SG176047A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
| AU2010247281A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
| US20120097088A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
| AU2010247281B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
| RU2520622C2 (ru) | 2014-06-27 |
| CN102421664B (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
| FR2945511B1 (fr) | 2011-07-22 |
| CN102421664A (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
| JP5385454B2 (ja) | 2014-01-08 |
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