EP2428735B1 - Appareil de cuisson doté d'un générateur de vapeur et procédé de réglage d'un générateur de vapeur pour un appareil de cuisson - Google Patents

Appareil de cuisson doté d'un générateur de vapeur et procédé de réglage d'un générateur de vapeur pour un appareil de cuisson Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2428735B1
EP2428735B1 EP11007208.9A EP11007208A EP2428735B1 EP 2428735 B1 EP2428735 B1 EP 2428735B1 EP 11007208 A EP11007208 A EP 11007208A EP 2428735 B1 EP2428735 B1 EP 2428735B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam generator
controller
cooking device
steam
cooking
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EP11007208.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2428735A3 (fr
EP2428735A2 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Dr. Schreiner
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Rational AG
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Rational AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/08—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/32—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens
    • F24C15/322—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation
    • F24C15/327—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation with air moisturising

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooking appliance with a cooking chamber, a steam generator and a controller that controls the steam generator.
  • the invention further relates to a method for controlling a steam generator for a cooking appliance.
  • threshold controllers In cooking appliances for temperature or humidity control threshold regulators are usually used because they can be used usually without specific adaptation to the device size, the type of heating (gas or electric) and the load in the oven. In steam mode, however, threshold controllers have serious disadvantages if a high steam content in the cooking chamber is to be maintained.
  • a threshold controller controls between an upper threshold and a lower threshold. If the upper threshold has been exceeded, the steam generator is switched off. Subsequently, the temperature is reduced by condensing the water vapor inside the cooking chamber (for example, to be cooked products). At the same time, the volume of the gas contained in the interior of the cooking chamber is reduced, so that air has to be sucked in, usually from a condensation or drainage region of the cooking appliance.
  • the steam generator is switched on again. Thereafter, water vapor is again produced until the temperature in the cooking chamber has again reached the upper threshold.
  • a device for controlling cooking, roasting and cooking processes in the cooking chamber of a baking oven wherein a control circuit is provided with an electronic controller, the sensor-controlled adjusts a corresponding oven energy level depending on cooking properties and their associated temperature-time profiles with gargutspezifischen fluctuation ranges is adjustable.
  • the generic WO 2009/065197 A1 discloses a gas-powered home oven that also provides the option of steaming.
  • a controller is provided which, in addition to other alternatives mentioned, may have a two-point controller or a PID controller.
  • the EP 1 761 111 A2 and the EP 1 724 530 A1 also describe home-baking ovens with an integrated steam generator, the ovens having centralized control comprising a PID controller or other suitable controller.
  • a cooking appliance according to the invention with the features of claim 1 is provided.
  • the invention is based on the idea of controlling the steam generator in an operating range in which the steam content is to be kept constant, with the signal of the continuous controller. This prevents the steam generator from being switched off until air has been sucked in.
  • the steam generator has at least two power levels.
  • the steam generator is in principle further operated with discrete power stages, but in the operating range in which the steam content is to be kept constant, be controlled by the continuous controller.
  • the continuous controller operates the steam generator with a maximum average power, which is below the first power level.
  • the steam generator then works with a holding stage, which can be integrated into the threshold controller like an additional smaller heating stage.
  • the first power level is in the range of about 25% to about 50% of the second, maximum power level. It has been found that with such a spreading of the heating stages, the desired performance can be well represented. In addition, these power levels result constructively in an advantageous manner. In an electrically operated steam generator halving the power in star or delta connection can be achieved with a relay or SSR. In the case of a gas-driven steam generator, on the other hand, the smallest heating level will have a capacity of approximately 25% of the maximum power, even if lower powers could be advantageous.
  • the continuous controller operates the steam generator with a power that is about 75% of the power of the first power level.
  • the steam generator operates at a power of 37.5% of the maximum heating power, which has proved to be advantageous for maintaining a constant steam content in the cooking space ,
  • the continuous controller outputs as a control variable a buffer variable, by means of which the controller operates the steam generator in pulse width modulation.
  • a buffer variable by means of which the controller operates the steam generator in pulse width modulation.
  • the cooking chamber is in flow communication with a drain region, wherein in the drain region, a steam buffer is formed whose volume is at least equal to the vapor volume condensed between two heating pulses in the cooking chamber.
  • a steam buffer is formed whose volume is at least equal to the vapor volume condensed between two heating pulses in the cooking chamber.
  • the continuous controller is a PI controller.
  • a controller is sufficient to maintain the setpoint (temperature or humidity) to be maintained in the cooking chamber during the holding phase.
  • a more elaborate PID controller can be dispensed with.
  • a method for controlling a steam generator for a cooking appliance with the features of claim 10 is provided to solve the above object.
  • This method combines the advantage of a robust threshold controller with the advantage of more precise control by means of a continuous regulator.
  • the threshold controller controls the steam generator until the actual value to be controlled in the cooking chamber is at least 90% of the setpoint. It simplifies the design of the continuous controller if it only has to take over control in the vicinity of the setpoint and the approach to the setpoint is taken over by the robust threshold controller.
  • the continuous controller continuously regulates the steam generator. In this way, the quality of control can be increased and the energy consumption can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 schematically a cooking appliance 10 is shown, which is intended for commercial kitchens and is known as a combination damper. It contains a cooking chamber 12 into which products to be cooked can be introduced. It is a steam generator 14 is provided which can generate water vapor, which can be passed into the interior of the cooking chamber 12.
  • the cooking appliance 10 also has a heater in order to introduce heated air into the cooking chamber. However, since this heater in the context of the present application without meaning, it is not shown here for the sake of clarity.
  • a controller 16 which receives as input signals, inter alia, a signal from a temperature and / or humidity sensor 18, which is arranged in the interior of the cooking chamber 12, and by an operating unit 20.
  • an operator can different cooking conditions in Inside the cooking chamber or select more complex cooking programs.
  • the controller 16 includes a threshold controller 22 and a continuous controller 24, which is designed here as a PI controller.
  • the controller 16 controls the steam generator 14 by specifying whether the steam generator is switched off, is operated with a first power stage 14.1 or a second power stage 14.2.
  • the steam generator has a power that is about 50% of the second, maximum power level.
  • the power levels are specified here by the controller, for example, by the interconnection of three radiators in star or delta connection. Depending on the requirements, other or more power levels may be used.
  • a drain region 26 is provided, which is designed like a box and provided with a condensation device 28. Of the Drain area 26 is connected to an exhaust pipe 30. Between the connection of the exhaust pipe 30 and the connection to the cooking chamber, a separating plate 32 is provided, so that a steam buffer 34 is formed between the cooking chamber and the separating plate.
  • the controller 16 uses only the threshold controller 22 for the control of the steam generator. This operates the steam generator 14 in the second heating stage 14.2, ie with a power of 100% (see the power curve P in the diagram). After almost 200 seconds have elapsed, exceeds the temperature T I in the cooking chamber 12, the threshold above which the steam generator 14 is switched back to the first heating stage 14.1; the power curve P thus drops to a value of 50%.
  • the controller 16 switches from the threshold value controller 22 to the PI controller 24 and uses this to control the steam generator 14. Accordingly, the value for the setpoint power HS S of the steam generator in the holding stage increases to a predetermined value of 75% of the power of the first heating stage (see curve HS S ).
  • This value HS S is treated by the controller 16 as a buffer variable, based on which the steam generator 14 is now operated with the first heating stage 14.1 pulse width modulated.
  • the controller 16 Since the maximum power of the steam generator is set here with 75% of the power of the first heating stage 14.1, the controller 16 switches on the first heating stage 14.1 of the steam generator 14 within a given time interval for 75% of the time and for 25% of the time, if the steam generator should be operated in the holding stage with maximum power. This is the case here as long as the setpoint H S for the holding stage remains at the value of 75%, that is to say just under 250 seconds. At this time The PI controller 24 begins to regulate, as can be seen from the fluctuating values for the setpoint HS S of the holding stage.
  • a continuous regulator in combination with a steam generator which is switched between two discrete power levels, can be used to keep the steam content in the cooking chamber comparatively constant.
  • the controller reaches a steady state after about 400 seconds.
  • the power given by the PI controller 24 for the operation of the steam generator 14 in the holding stage can be represented by a multiplicity of very short heating pulses, between which correspondingly short switch-off times are used.
  • electrically operated steam generators could be adjusted quasi-continuous by switching on and off of individual half-waves of the mains frequency, the heating power. In this way one comes very close to an actually stepless control of the power, which would be advantageous in terms of control quality and energy consumption.
  • FIG. 3 an embodiment is shown, which is characterized by a larger steam buffer 34.
  • This is formed by the fact that the separating plate 32 is arranged closer to the exhaust pipe 30.
  • the function of the separating plate 32 is to prevent a mixing of the steam with the air in the discharge region 26 as far as possible.
  • the volume of the vapor buffer 34 defined with the separating plate 32 is at least as great as the vapor volume which can condense between two heating pulses in the cooking chamber 12. This ensures that air is not sucked in between two heating pulses, but steam from the steam buffer 34 (see the arrow D). Accordingly, the condensation device 28 must also be switched off at least between two heating pulses, so that steam can actually be stored in the vapor buffer 34.
  • FIG. 4 an alternative embodiment is shown.
  • this flow guide plates 36 are used, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the drain.
  • the process can either have a circular cross section (see detail D1) or a box-shaped cross section (see detail D2).
  • the Strömungsleitbleche 36 act as a vortex breaker, similar to the separating plate 32 prevent the air in the drain region 26 mixed with the existing steam there. Thus, as pure as possible vapor can be sucked back into the cooking space in the phases between two heating pulses. Due to the orientation of the flow guide plates 36 in the direction of the drainage channel, the flow in the longitudinal direction is hardly affected, but strongly suppressed in a direction transverse thereto.
  • the flow baffles extending in the flow direction can all be mounted on the top of the drain. This makes it easier to rinse out soiling, so that no impurities can accumulate on the sheets.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Appareil de cuisson (10) présentant un espace de cuisson (12), un générateur de vapeur (14) et une commande (16) qui pilote le générateur de vapeur (14), la commande (16) présentant un régulateur de seuil (22),
    caractérisé en ce que la commande (16) présente en outre un régulateur continu (24),
    le générateur de vapeur (14), dans une phase d'approche dans laquelle une valeur réelle à régler dans un espace de cuisson (12) de l'appareil de cuisson (10) s'approche d'une valeur de consigne, étant commandé par le régulateur de seuil (22) jusqu'à ce que la valeur réelle à régler dans l'espace de cuisson (12) correspond à au moins 90% de la valeur de consigne, et
    le générateur de vapeur (14) étant piloté par le signal du régulateur continu (24) dans une plage de fonctionnement qui correspond à une phase de maintien suivant la phase d'approche, dans laquelle la teneur en vapeur doit être maintenue constante.
  2. Appareil de cuisson (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de vapeur (14) présente au moins deux étages de puissance (14.1, 14.2).
  3. Appareil de cuisson selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le régulateur continu (24) actionne le générateur de vapeur (14) avec une puissance qui est inférieure au premier étage de puissance (14.1).
  4. Appareil de cuisson selon la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier étage de puissance (14.1) correspond à environ 50% du deuxième étage de puissance maximal (14.2).
  5. Appareil de cuisson selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le régulateur continu (24) actionne le générateur de puissance (14) avec une puissance qui correspond à environ 75% de la puissance du premier étage de puissance (14.1).
  6. Appareil de cuisson selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le régulateur continu (24) sort en tant que grandeur de commande une variable tampon (HSS) au moyen de laquelle la commande (16) actionne le générateur de vapeur (14) par modulation d'impulsions en largeur.
  7. Appareil de cuisson selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'espace de cuisson (12) est en communication fluidique avec une zone d'évacuation (26), un tampon de vapeur (34) étant réalisé dans la zone d'évacuation (26), dont le volume est au moins égal au volume de vapeur qui se condense entre deux pulsions de chauffage dans l'espace de cuisson (12).
  8. Appareil de cuisson selon la revendication 6 ou la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une tôle de séparation (32) et/ou un déflecteur d'écoulement (36) est prévu(e) dans la zone d'évacuation.
  9. Appareil de cuisson selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le régulateur continu est un régulateur proportionnel et intégral (24).
  10. Procédé de réglage d'un générateur de vapeur (14) d'un appareil de cuisson (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de vapeur (14), dans une phase d'approche dans laquelle une valeur réelle à régler dans un espace de cuisson (12) de l'appareil de cuisson (10) s'approche d'une valeur de consigne, est commandé par un régulateur de seuil (22) jusqu'à ce que la valeur réelle à régler dans l'espace de cuisson (12) correspond à au moins 90% de la valeur de consigne, et est commandé par un régulateur continu (24) dans une phase de maintien suivante dans laquelle la valeur réelle est proche de la valeur de consigne.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le régulateur continu (24) règle le générateur de vapeur (14) en continu.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de vapeur (14) est actionné électriquement et en ce que la puissance du générateur de vapeur (14) est réglée par l'activation et l'arrêt de demi-ondes individuelles de la fréquence de secteur.
EP11007208.9A 2010-09-13 2011-09-06 Appareil de cuisson doté d'un générateur de vapeur et procédé de réglage d'un générateur de vapeur pour un appareil de cuisson Active EP2428735B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010045198A DE102010045198A1 (de) 2010-09-13 2010-09-13 Gargerät mit Dampfgenerator sowie Verfahren zur Regelung eines Dampfgenerators für ein Gargerät

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2428735A2 EP2428735A2 (fr) 2012-03-14
EP2428735A3 EP2428735A3 (fr) 2014-07-02
EP2428735B1 true EP2428735B1 (fr) 2018-11-07

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EP11007208.9A Active EP2428735B1 (fr) 2010-09-13 2011-09-06 Appareil de cuisson doté d'un générateur de vapeur et procédé de réglage d'un générateur de vapeur pour un appareil de cuisson

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DE (1) DE102010045198A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012112810A1 (de) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Miele & Cie. Kg Gargerät und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gargerätes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1902063A1 (en) * 1969-01-16 1970-08-13 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Controlling oil or gas fired furnaces over - wide feed-ranges
DE2608295C2 (de) * 1976-02-28 1982-11-18 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Elektronischer Temperaturregler zur Regelung der Energiezufuhr für ein elektrisches Heizelement
CH656204A5 (de) * 1982-03-16 1986-06-13 Schoenmann Wilfred Ernst Dampfkessel mit elektrischer widerstandsheizung.
DE4223653C2 (de) * 1992-07-17 2003-12-11 Bsh Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Verfahren zum Regeln von Garvorgängen sowie dazugehöriger Backofen
DE4341410A1 (de) * 1993-12-04 1995-06-08 Licentia Gmbh Back- und Bratofen mit einem Garraum und einem Dampferzeuger für den Garraum
DE10015747A1 (de) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-04 Bsh Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Dampfgargerät
US7049551B2 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-05-23 Middleby Marshall, Inc. Natural convection steam cooking device
US20060249137A1 (en) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-09 Malcolm Reay System and method for draining water from a steam oven
US20070062927A1 (en) * 2005-09-06 2007-03-22 Sells Joel M Steam generator system for a household oven
BRPI0705924A2 (pt) * 2007-11-23 2009-07-21 Whirlpool Sa forno a gás para cozimento a vapor e fogão
DE102008056324B4 (de) * 2008-11-07 2016-07-07 Rational Ag Verfahren zur Nachbefüllung eines Dampfgenerators mit Wasser, Dampfgenerator dafür und Gargerät damit

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Publication number Publication date
EP2428735A3 (fr) 2014-07-02
EP2428735A2 (fr) 2012-03-14
DE102010045198A1 (de) 2012-03-15

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