EP2425273A1 - Procédé et dispositif de traitement numérique de signaux ofdm pour des applications radar - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de traitement numérique de signaux ofdm pour des applications radar

Info

Publication number
EP2425273A1
EP2425273A1 EP10730345A EP10730345A EP2425273A1 EP 2425273 A1 EP2425273 A1 EP 2425273A1 EP 10730345 A EP10730345 A EP 10730345A EP 10730345 A EP10730345 A EP 10730345A EP 2425273 A1 EP2425273 A1 EP 2425273A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modulation symbols
ofdm
radar
determination
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10730345A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Sturm
Werner Wiesbeck
Thomas Zwick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Original Assignee
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT filed Critical Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Publication of EP2425273A1 publication Critical patent/EP2425273A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S13/325—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of coded signals, e.g. P.S.K. signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G01S13/583—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets
    • G01S13/584—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets adapted for simultaneous range and velocity measurements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for the digital processing of OFDM signals, which are transmitted by a transmitting device with modulation symbols as information carrier, at least partially reflected at one or more objects and received by a receiving device, wherein the modulation symbols from the received OFDM Signals are extracted.
  • Radar cruise control collision prevention
  • radar technology offers the advantage over other sensor technologies of being able to determine both distances and speeds quickly and accurately, and radar sensors are resistant to external influences such as steam, rain or fog.
  • the present invention is concerned with the digital processing and use of OFDM signals (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) for an application in radar sensor technology.
  • OFDM signals Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the generation of OFDM signals can only be done on a digital level. So far, the OFDM technique has been used primarily for the transmission of information or data, since the OFDM signal is composed of modulation symbols and thus specifically serves the purpose of transmitting information.
  • a use of the OFDM technology for radar applications has already been discussed. For example, A. Garmatyuk et al. , Proc.
  • the achievable dynamics are dependent on the autocorrelation properties of the transmission signal.
  • special codes such as M-sequences must be sent. Their properties then determine the dynamics.
  • the achievable dynamic is unpredictable, since it depends on the autocorrelation properties of the transmitted information. Reliable operation is therefore not possible.
  • the processing based on the cross correlation although the distance of objects, but not their speed can be determined.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify a method and a device for processing OFDM signals, which, with the simultaneous use of these signals for radar and for information transmission, enables reliable operation and, if required, also the determination of the speed of objects.
  • the transmitted modulation symbols which may also be referred to as data symbols, are first extracted from the received OFDM signals without prior channel equalization. These extracted modulation symbols or at least some of these modulation symbols are then normalized by a complex division to the respectively originally transmitted modulation symbol. Radar evaluation for distance determination and / or
  • Velocity determination of the objects on which the OFDM signals were reflected then takes place on the basis of the normalized modulation symbols.
  • the radar evaluation for distance determination and / or velocity determination of the objects comprises in particular the creation of a radar image from which the distance of the objects or the distance and speed of the objects can be derived.
  • the radar processing is completely independent of the transmitted information or the transmitted data. This is achieved by normalizing the modulation symbols extracted from the signal to the originally transmitted modulation symbols. No special codes are needed so that the OFDM radar signal modulates with arbitrary payload can be transmitted via the common OFDM signal. Due to the independence of the transmitted information, a very high dynamic can be achieved, which is limited only by the secondary maxima of the required Fourier transform and noise.
  • a particular advantage of the proposed method and the associated device is that the distance or distance of the objects can be determined independently of their speed. Distance and speed are not linked here. During speed determination, the integration time and thus the Doppler resolution or speed resolution can be adapted as required during operation. The computational effort required for the method is comparatively low, since no cross-correlations have to be calculated, as has hitherto been the case in the prior art.
  • the processing of the radar signals is carried out in the proposed method not with the aid of the baseband signals, but with the aid of the transmitted and received modulation symbols. These are picked up in the receiver before the optional equalization because they still contain the complete distortions that occur during the transmission, which ultimately contain the information about reflective objects.
  • Each received and selected modulation symbol is normalized by means of a complex division by the transmitted modulation symbol in amplitude and phase. This normalization makes the method completely independent of the transmitted modulation symbols.
  • the calculation of the radar image for distance determination is then carried out via an inverse Fourier transformation.
  • the evaluation of the Doppler information for determining the relative velocity of reflecting objects preferably takes place with the aid of a Fourier transformation via time-sequential OFDM symbols.
  • the duration of the OFDM symbols is suitably parameterized for this purpose. This processing is also based on the modulation symbols and not on the baseband signals.
  • the discrete Fourier transforms or inverse Fourier transformations carried out to determine the distance and / or velocity in each case, all transmitted modulation symbols of an OFDM symbol or a sequence of OFDM symbols or only a few of these modulation symbols can be used.
  • both distance and speed of the objects at which the OFDM signals were reflected are preferably determined.
  • the method and the associated device can also be operated so that only the distance or only the speed is determined from the received OFDM signals.
  • the proposed device for carrying out the method comprises, in a known manner, a receiving antenna with which OFDM signals can be received, a mixing device for mixing down the received signals, an analog-to-digital converter for the digitization of the signals and a processing unit.
  • processing device which extracts the modulation symbols from these signals, normalizes them to the transmitted modulation symbols and carries out a radar evaluation on the basis of these normalized modulation symbols for determining the distance and / or speed of the objects at which the signals were reflected.
  • the device can be designed like a conventional receiver for OFDM signals, wherein only the processing unit is designed for the implementation of the proposed method, ie, extracts the modulation symbols without prior channel equalization and performs the radar evaluation for distance determination and / or velocity determination on the basis of these modulation symbols, in particular the corresponding radar or Doppler images calculated.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the
  • FIG. 2 is a comparison of a radar image of classical processing with a radar image obtained according to the proposed method
  • 3 is a schematic representation for determining the speed; 4 shows a schematic illustration for determining the distance;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of an OFDM receiver.
  • Em OFDM signal is described in the time domain as follows:
  • I describes the modulation symbols to be transmitted, which already consist of the binary information to be transmitted by means of discrete
  • Phase modulation (eg PSK: phase shift keying) were generated.
  • the index n indicates the total number of N OFDM subtransagers, ⁇ indicates the time-sequential OFDM symbols and ⁇ n represents the orthogonal OFDM subtransagers with:
  • the structure of the OFDM transmission signal from individual modulation symbols can also be illustrated by means of a matrix, as shown in FIG. Each cell of the matrix contains a modulation symbol, each column of the matrix represents an OFDM symbol.
  • N- x (0 ⁇ I (n) t ⁇ p (j2 ⁇ f n t), O ⁇ t ⁇ T (4)
  • the OFDM signal is decoded, the individual received modulation symbols I r are directly after the discrete Fourier transform in
  • OFDM receiver and used for processing before the channel equalization.
  • the standardization is done by a complex division:
  • the radar image in the distance direction is obtained by a mverse discrete Fourier transform of the normalized modulation symbols
  • Secondary maxima are here exclusively caused by the Fourier transformation. Secondary maxima due to poor autocorrelation properties can not occur due to the principle of modulation-symbol-based processing.
  • the realization of the Doppler processing or the determination of the speed is likewise carried out on the basis of the modulation symbols standardized according to equation (5). In this case, however, temporally successive modulation symbols are considered.
  • the evaluation takes place in each case via a defined frame of M OFDM symbols.
  • the Doppler spectrum is calculated using a discrete Fourier transform
  • v is the discrete frequency variable
  • the two above method variants for determining the distance and for determining the speed are combined into a two-dimensional method which enables independent processing of distance and speed.
  • the entire processing takes place at this Processing method based on the received signal xn three steps:
  • 1st step normalization by complex division
  • the received modulation symbols are normalized before the channel equalization by means of the transmitted modulation symbols according to equation (5) by a complex division.
  • Time axis is replaced by a Doppler axis, which represents the Doppler shift. This is illustrated in FIG.
  • an inverse discrete Fourier transform in the frequency direction is calculated in the result matrix of step 2 for each OFDM symbol within a frame of the length M.
  • the result is a matrix containing a two-dimensional radar image with the dimensions of distance and doubling displacement.
  • the third process is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • Steps 2 and 3 can be reversed in order.
  • both steps can be summarized and represented by a two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform or a two-dimensional discrete inverse Fourier transform with subsequent mirroring of the matrix to be replaced.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example result from FIG
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a transmission device for transmitting the OFDM radar signals.
  • the input bits 1, which represent the information to be transmitted, are first converted in a digital modulator 2, in the present example by means of PSK, into complex modulation symbols, ie into modulation symbols having a complex value (I, Q).
  • a serial-to-parallel converter 3 With the aid of a serial-to-parallel converter 3, a serial-parallel conversion of the data stream is performed.
  • the serial data stream is divided into m N parallel parallel data sequences which are assigned to N sub-carriers.
  • a digital time-discrete OFDM signal is formed with the aid of an inverse discrete Fast Founer Transform (IFFT) for the respective OFDM symbol-forming, currently parallel applied modulation symbols, which is subsequently converted into a parallel-serial converter 5 is serialized.
  • IFFT inverse discrete Fast Founer Transform
  • the digital signal stream is converted into a digital-to-analog converter 7 in an analog transmission signal a low-pass filter 8 and a mixing unit 9 is emitted on a high-frequency carrier as a radar signal via the transmitting antenna 10.
  • a transmitting device is known to those skilled in the field of OFDM radar technology or OFDM information transmission technology.
  • FIG. 1 An example of a receiving device, which may also be arranged in the same device as the transmitting device, is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the radar signal reflected by the objects is received via the receiving antenna 11, mixed down again in a mixing unit 12 ms baseband and converted after passing through a low-pass filter 13 in an analog-to-digital converter 14 into a digital signal.
  • a mixing unit 12 ms baseband
  • an analog-to-digital converter 14 into a digital signal.
  • OFDM radar is typically the same high-frequency oscillator for controlling the mixing unit 9 in the transmitter and the Mixing unit 12 used in the receiver.
  • the cyclic prefix (unit 15) is removed and the digital signal is parallelized in a serial-to-parallel converter 16 according to the number of subtransagers to subject the individual channels to a discrete Fast Fourier Transform (FFT unit 17) and to convert again into a serial signal in a parallel-to-serial converter 18.
  • FFT unit 17 discrete Fast Fourier Transform
  • the serial signal is fed to a channel equalization unit 20 in which the samples of the individual channels are equalized.
  • an extraction of the modulation symbols 21 and a demodulator 22 a conversion of the modulation symbols in the transmitted data bits, which are then available as output bits 23 in an extraction unit 21.
  • the receiving device of the device proposed here comprises, alternatively or in addition to the channel equalization unit 20, the extraction unit 21 and the demodulator 22, a processing unit 19 which extracts the modulation symbols without prior channel equalization, normalizes the transmitted modulation symbols and calculates the speeds and / or distances of the objects or the corresponding radar images on the basis of the normalized modulation symbols fürkelt.
  • an analog-to-digital converter 14 and FFT or IFFT processors are required, which are accessed by the processing unit 19.
  • the method can be carried out, for example, in the ISM band at 24 GHz, since a signal bandwidth of approximately 100 MHz can be used license-free worldwide.
  • the wavelength should be smaller than the reflective structures.
  • the carrier frequency must not be too high, otherwise the propagation steam is too high and thus only an application over small distances is possible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de traitement numérique de signaux OFDM qui sont envoyés par un dispositif émetteur avec des symboles de modulation en tant que supports d'informations, réfléchis au moins partiellement sur un ou plusieurs objets et reçus par un dispositif récepteur. Sans égalisation de canal préalable, les symboles de modulation sont extraits des signaux OFDM reçus et les symboles de modulation extraits sont normalisés par une division complexe en fonction du symbole de modulation émis correspondant. L'évaluation radar pour la détermination de l'éloignement et/ou de la vitesse d'objets est effectuée alors sur la base des symboles de modulation normalisés. Ce procédé et ce dispositif permettent de déterminer indépendamment à la fois l'éloignement et la vitesse des objets. N'étant pas influencé par l'information transmise, le procédé est très fiable.
EP10730345A 2009-04-27 2010-04-22 Procédé et dispositif de traitement numérique de signaux ofdm pour des applications radar Withdrawn EP2425273A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009018764 2009-04-27
DE102009019905A DE102009019905A1 (de) 2009-04-27 2009-05-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur digitalen Verarbeitung von OFDM-Signalen für Radaranwendungen
PCT/DE2010/000463 WO2010124673A1 (fr) 2009-04-27 2010-04-22 Procédé et dispositif de traitement numérique de signaux ofdm pour des applications radar

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2425273A1 true EP2425273A1 (fr) 2012-03-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10730345A Withdrawn EP2425273A1 (fr) 2009-04-27 2010-04-22 Procédé et dispositif de traitement numérique de signaux ofdm pour des applications radar

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20120076190A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2425273A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009019905A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010124673A1 (fr)

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DE102011009874B3 (de) * 2011-01-31 2012-04-12 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Verfahren zur Sendesignaltrennung in einem Radarsystem und Radarsystem
KR20140103951A (ko) 2011-11-21 2014-08-27 콘티넨탈 테베스 아게 운트 코. 오하게 도로 트래픽에서 오브젝트들의 통신 신호-기반의 위치 결정을 위한 방법 및 디바이스, 및 그 디바이스의 용도
US9607517B2 (en) 2011-11-21 2017-03-28 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Method and device for the position determination of objects by means of communication signals, and use of the device
US10126421B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2018-11-13 Maxlinear, Inc. Dynamic OFDM symbol shaping for radar applications
DE102018119278B4 (de) * 2018-08-08 2020-04-02 Infineon Technologies Ag Verfahren und vorrichtungen für die verarbeitung eines ofdm-radarsignals
WO2020083036A1 (fr) 2018-10-25 2020-04-30 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Systèmes et procédés radar améliorés

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Publication number Publication date
WO2010124673A1 (fr) 2010-11-04
DE102009019905A1 (de) 2010-11-25
US20120076190A1 (en) 2012-03-29

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