EP2417652A1 - Accumulateur à durée de vie prolongée - Google Patents

Accumulateur à durée de vie prolongée

Info

Publication number
EP2417652A1
EP2417652A1 EP10712351A EP10712351A EP2417652A1 EP 2417652 A1 EP2417652 A1 EP 2417652A1 EP 10712351 A EP10712351 A EP 10712351A EP 10712351 A EP10712351 A EP 10712351A EP 2417652 A1 EP2417652 A1 EP 2417652A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
galvanic cell
heat conducting
heat
galvanic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10712351A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Lachenmeier
Andreas Gutsch
Tim Schaefer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Original Assignee
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Li Tec Battery GmbH filed Critical Li Tec Battery GmbH
Publication of EP2417652A1 publication Critical patent/EP2417652A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6553—Terminals or leads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rechargeable battery with extended life.
  • the invention will be described in relation to a lithium-ion battery for supplying a motor vehicle drive. It should be noted, however, that the invention can also be applied to batteries without lithium and / or also independent of motor vehicles.
  • Accumulator taken over short periods of high electrical currents. These high electric currents also occur when the deceleration of a motor vehicle is supported by electrical devices and the recovered energy is supplied to the accumulator.
  • the disadvantage here is that these short-term high currents cause the accumulator to age prematurely.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to increase the life of such operated accumulators. This is achieved according to the invention by the subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • An inventive device for storing electrical energy has at least one galvanic cell. This is at least partially surrounded by a cell envelope.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that it has at least one heat conducting device, which is operatively connected to this galvanic cell. This heat conducting device is suitable for supplying heat power to this galvanic cell and / or removing it from this galvanic cell.
  • the device according to the invention preferably has at least one cell holding device. This encloses with a wall at least partially an interior. This is suitable to receive these at least one galvanic cell.
  • the cell envelope with this wall is thermally at least partially operatively connected.
  • the device has at least one first measuring device. This is suitable to detect a temperature at a predetermined position of this galvanic cell.
  • the device has a control device. This is at least suitable to evaluate the signals of the existing first measuring devices and / or to control existing heat conducting devices. In this case, heat conducting means are arranged between this cell envelope of the wall of this cell holder device and / or a further existing cell envelope.
  • the device for storing electrical energy with at least one galvanic cell is a primary or secondary battery which provides electrical energy by conversion of chemical energy. If the device is designed as a secondary battery, it is also suitable to absorb electrical energy, convert it into chemical energy and store it as chemical energy.
  • the device has in addition to at least one galvanic cell various other devices for an orderly operation and supplies a motor vehicle drive.
  • This inventive device has at least one galvanic cell, but preferably has a plurality of cells in parallel and / or series connection for increasing the electrical voltage and / or the amount of charge contained. Also preferably, for example, four galvanic cells are connected in series to achieve a predetermined operating voltage as a group. Several such groups are preferably connected in parallel and store a larger amount of charge.
  • Such a galvanic cell is surrounded by a cell envelope.
  • This cell envelope protects the galvanic cell and its chemistry from damaging external influences, for example from the atmosphere.
  • This cell envelope is preferably formed by a gas-tight and electrically insulating solid or layer composite, for example a welded foil.
  • the cell envelope is thin-walled and thermally conductive.
  • This cell envelope preferably encloses the galvanic cell as closely as possible. It is not necessary that this galvanic cell is completely surrounded by the cell envelope.
  • the cell envelope can also surround only parts of this galvanic cell.
  • a heat conducting device has an increased thermal conductivity and is used to supply heat energy to an actively connected galvanic cell. This is particularly advantageous at low ambient temperatures. Furthermore, a heat conducting device preferably carries out heat energy from an actively connected galvanic cell. This is preferably done when a high electric current is supplied or removed from this galvanic cell. These high currents cause heating of the galvanic cell, but too high a temperature of a cell shortens its life. By means of an actively connected heat-conducting device, heat is preferably removed from the galvanic cell and the cell is spared. These high currents occur predominantly during - A -
  • the device has a cell holding device.
  • This has a geometrically adapted to the recorded galvanic cells interior and at least partially surrounding this interior wall.
  • This cell holding device preferably accommodates further devices in addition to the galvanic cells, for example measuring devices, control devices and others for the operation of the cell
  • the wall also allows for connection and attachment to the motor vehicle. Also for economic reasons, the wall is preferably made thin.
  • the wall preferably encloses the accommodated galvanic cells closely and thermally conductive, so that the cell envelopes of the galvanic
  • a heat conduction has an increased thermal conductivity, is formed as thin as possible layer.
  • Suitable are pastes which are applied, for example, with a brush or a roller, foils which are placed or glued on, or thin cut mats. These heat transfer these to avoid air pockets, the enlargement of heat transfer surfaces and thus the increase of transmitted heat outputs. Cooling or heating of the galvanic cells accommodated by the interior are improved by these heat-conducting means.
  • heat conducting means are applied to those surfaces which serve to transfer heat from one device to another. Particularly preferred are heat conducting between individual galvanic Cells and / or arranged between galvanic cells and, for example, the wall of the cell holder.
  • the device has at least first measuring devices, which determine the temperature at a predetermined location of a galvanic cell.
  • first measuring devices which determine the temperature at a predetermined location of a galvanic cell.
  • This measuring device is suitable for receiving the signals of the measuring devices at any time. For practical considerations and to reduce the amount of data, it is preferable to acquire only from time to time. That is also from the participating heat capacities and
  • a first measuring device sends signals to an also existing control device.
  • this control device triggers the detection of temperatures by a first measuring device as a function of the operating conditions.
  • the device has a control device.
  • This control device controls at least the existing first measuring devices and evaluates their signals. This happens on the basis of given calculation rules. These take account of different characteristics of the individual measuring means.
  • the control device is also suitable for controlling existing heat conducting devices. Depending on the operating state of a galvanic cell, one or more heat conducting devices are switched. The functions of this control device of the device according to the invention can also be taken over by another controller or battery management system.
  • a device is operated such that its control device first detects the temperature at a predetermined location of a galvanic cell. Depending on this temperature, this control device switches on or off a heat conducting device. Preferably, the controller turns on or off conveyors for fluids. So Prevents premature aging of a device for storing electrical energy and extends their life.
  • this control device is connected to a memory device.
  • This is used to store recorded data, evaluated measured values and / or calculation rules. Together with a measured value or an evaluated measured value, another value is stored, which represents the time of the measurement.
  • targets or target values for a measured parameter such as the temperature of a cell, are stored in this memory device.
  • the device has a control device, an associated memory device and at least one first measuring device.
  • This control device is suitable for forming a difference between a measured value or signal of this first measuring device and a predetermined value. Depending on this temperature difference, this control device switches on or off a heat conducting device.
  • the controller turns on or off conveyors for fluids.
  • the device according to the invention is also equipped with at least one second measuring device. This is suitable for charging or
  • the device has a control device, an associated memory device, at least one first measuring device and at least one second measuring device.
  • This control device is suitable for forming a difference between a measured value or signal of this first measuring device and a predetermined value.
  • this control device is suitable for linking the measured values of a first measuring device with a signal of a second measuring device using a stored calculation rule.
  • the control device preferably estimates the future temporal development of the cell temperature using stored calculation instructions.
  • the control device preferably switches on or off heat-conducting devices and / or conveying devices for a fluid. For example, in the case of a high discharge current during an acceleration phase of the motor vehicle, the control device switches on a conveying device for a fluid and / or a heat conducting device even before a noticeable rise in a cell temperature.
  • One or more galvanic cells preferably have a prismatic base surface, particularly preferably a rectangular base surface. Such rectangular galvanic cells can be brought into thermal contact with each other particularly well and receive from the interior.
  • a galvanic cell preferably has a substantially plate-shaped current conductor as a heat conducting device. This current conductor conducts the electric current out of or into this galvanic cell.
  • This current collector is preferably metallic and has a high thermal conductivity. This high thermal conductivity has the effect that only slight temperature gradients occur within a current conductor and high heat flows are conducted into or out of the galvanic cell.
  • a first region of the current collector is arranged within a galvanic cell.
  • a second region of the current collector extends from this galvanic ZeIIe.
  • this second region is at least as wide as the first region of the current conductor within the galvanic cell.
  • the current collector is preferably plate-shaped and is described by plate thickness, width and height / length. The height is measured along an edge of the plate-shaped current collector which extends beyond the first region and second region out of the galvanic cell.
  • the second region of a current collector is cooled or heated by conduction to a heat sink or convection.
  • This heat sink is thermally connected to the current conductor preferably using a heat conduction.
  • This heat sink or this current collector are preferably at least partially flowed around by a first fluid.
  • the galvanic cell is supplied with heat or taken from it.
  • the heat sink comprises copper, more preferably copper and aluminum.
  • a copper-containing region of the heat sink is particularly preferably in thermal contact with the current conductor, while an aluminum-containing region of this heat sink is flown by this first fluid.
  • a plastic or synthetic resin can be added to increase the thermal or electrical conductivity, for example, metallic particles.
  • a heat conducting means is preferably electrically insulating.
  • An electrically insulating and at the same time heat-conducting heat conduction of predetermined shape a so-called "heat pad", for example, mica, various types of ceramic (for example, Al 2 O 3 , BeO), silicone rubber, diamond, carbon nanotubes, polyimide or other plastic.
  • Various adhesives are also suitable as thermal conduction agents after the addition of metallic particles, in which case a heat-conducting adhesive additionally bonds the adjacent components cohesively.
  • a galvanic cell preferably has active heat conducting devices.
  • this second fluid flows through this fluid channel or is held in this fluid channel, provided that this fluid channel is a closed space.
  • this second fluid is first supplied to this first fluid channel at a predetermined temperature and discharged again after the heat has been released or absorbed.
  • Fluid channel has a third region within the cell or in thermal contact with this cell.
  • the fluid channel preferably also has a fourth region outside the cell. This fourth region is preferably at least partially surrounded by a third fluid and / or heat-conductively connected to a heat sink. This third fluid preferably also flows to this heat sink.
  • the device has a container. This is for example connected to the cell recording.
  • This container has at least one closing device and is filled with a third substance.
  • This locking device is suitable to be opened by this control device. Subsequently, this third substance exits from this container.
  • This third substance preferably exits in the direction of at least one galvanic cell, for example through a designated channel.
  • the control device closes this closing device. The substance passes through a phase change at the latest after hitting this galvanic cell, is absorbed or discharged at the heat energy.
  • the container is preferably connected to a plurality of channels which are directed to different galvanic cells.
  • a locking device is additionally equipped with a temperature-sensitive switch, for example with a bimetallic switch.
  • a temperature-sensitive switch for example with a bimetallic switch.
  • the wall of this cell holder device has at least one curable first substance as well as highly heat-conductive embedded particles.
  • this wall is thin-walled to reduce the thermal resistance and formed close fitting to the galvanic cells.
  • the accommodated galvanic cells are at least partially surrounded by this wall, so that a good heat transfer of the recorded galvanic cells is given to the wall.
  • this wall has at least one second fluid channel.
  • This second fluid channel is flowed through by a fourth fluid, which is supplied at a predetermined temperature. After leaving this second fluid channel, this fourth fluid is treated, for example, by a vehicle-side or an independent cooling or heating device.
  • this wall has a prepared connection surface for thermal contact with an evaporator or cooler. This exchanges heat energy, for example, with the ambient air or with the air conditioning of the motor vehicle.
  • the wall at least partially on a second substance.
  • This second substance is suitable to undergo phase changes during the operation of the accumulator and / or at a predetermined temperature.
  • This second substance is contained, for example, in a predetermined space in or on the wall of the cell holder.
  • This wall has, for example, at least partially or predominantly this second substance.
  • a phase change of this second substance takes place at a substance-specific temperature and thus also influences the temperature of a galvanic cell.
  • Such a configuration of the wall of the cell-holding device advantageously enables the release or absorption of heat energy even when the control or heat-conducting device and / or conveying device for a fluid that is not ready for operation or failed.
  • Nickel-metal hydride accumulators or lithium-ion accumulators too.
  • An inventive design of such accumulators increases their life by preventive measures for temperature control, i. to the planned temporal temperature course of the individual galvanic cells.
  • the cell holder device for a device according to the invention is produced using a mold and at least one curable first substance.
  • the male galvanic cells are positioned in this form arranged to each other. Any gaps between these galvanic cells are filled with heat conduction, preferably bathleitfolien. Subsequently, these cells are pressed against each other to achieve a good thermal connection between these galvanic cells. Next, provided cavities within this mold are filled with this curable first substance. Subsequently, this curable first substance is given opportunity to cure.
  • an electrolyte is to be understood as meaning a substance which is at least partially ionized and which is intended to conduct electrical current when a voltage is applied under the influence of the electric field produced, the electrical conductivity or the Carrier transport is effected by the directed movement of the ions in the electric field.
  • an electrode stack is to be understood as meaning a device which, as an assembly of a galvanic cell, also comprises
  • the electrode stack has a plurality of plate-shaped elements, at least two electrodes, anode and cathode, and a separator which at least partially receives the electrolyte.
  • a separator which at least partially receives the electrolyte.
  • at least one anode, a separator and a cathode are stacked or stacked, wherein the separator is at least partially disposed between the anode and the cathode.
  • This sequence of anode, separator and cathode can be repeated as often as desired within the electrode stack.
  • the plate-shaped elements are wound into an electrode winding.
  • electrode stack is also used for electrode windings: Before the electrical energy is emitted, stored chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. During charging, the electrical energy supplied to the electrode stack or galvanic cell is converted into chemical energy and stored a plurality of electrode pairs and separators, particularly preferably some of the electrodes are electrically connected to one another.
  • a contact means an arrangement of at least one first body and at least one second body, which is configured such that a transfer of thermal energy from the at least first body to the at least second body and / or opposite possible is.
  • the device according to the invention has at least one
  • this contact is configured in such a way that the at least one galvanic cell and / or in particular the electrode stack of the at least one galvanic cell can be directly supplied with heat energy and / or dissipated therefrom.
  • the at least one heat conducting device has at least one fluid channel, which is provided in particular to be flowed through by a fluid.
  • this fluid channel is provided to extend at least over a partial area in the transverse and / or longitudinal extension direction of the at least one heat conducting device.
  • higher heat outputs are transported within the at least one heat conducting device than in the case of a heat conducting device with identical geometry without a fluid channel.
  • the fluid is intended to pass through at least one phase transition, wherein the temperature of the at least one phase transition of this fluid is adapted to the operating temperature of the at least one galvanic cell.
  • a fluid which undergoes, at least partially, in the operating temperature range of the at least one galvanic cell, a phase transition from a liquid to a gaseous state of matter.
  • the heat energy required for the phase transition of the fluid into a gaseous state of aggregation is withdrawn from the at least one galvanic cell in contact and / or in particular the electrode stack in contact with the at least one galvanic cell, wherein the at least one galvanic cell and / or the electrode stack the at least one galvanic cell are cooled.
  • the at least one heat conducting device has at least a first region and a second region, this second region being arranged outside the cell envelope.
  • the fluid is evaporated in the at least one first region, wherein the heat energy required for the evaporation of this fluid is withdrawn, in particular of the at least one galvanic cell and / or the electrode stack of the at least one galvanic cell and the vaporized fluid transports the received heat energy from the at least one first region within the at least one galvanic cell into the at least one second region outside the at least one galvanic cell.
  • the gaseous fluid condenses releasing at least a portion of the absorbed thermal energy in the at least one second region.
  • this prevents overheating of the at least one galvanic cell and / or the electrode stack of the at least one galvanic cell during operation.
  • the fluid is also evaporated in the at least one second region, wherein the thermal energy required for the evaporation of this fluid is withdrawn, in particular the environment of this at least one second region and wherein the evaporated fluid absorbs the absorbed heat energy the at least one second region outside the at least one galvanic cell is transported into the at least one first region within the at least one galvanic cell.
  • the gaseous fluid condenses, releasing at least a portion of the absorbed heat energy in the at least one first region.
  • the at least one galvanic cell and / or the electrode stack of the at least one galvanic cell are heated up to a temperature which is preferred for the operation of the at least one galvanic cell.
  • the electrode stack of the at least one galvanic cell has at least one current conductor, wherein the at least one Heat conducting device is provided for contact with the at least one current conductor.
  • the at least one Heat conducting device also removes thermal energy from the at least one current conductor and thereby also reduces the thermal load of this at least one current conductor.
  • the at least one first region of the heat conduction device is provided for heat exchange with the at least one galvanic cell and / or with the electrode stack of the at least one galvanic cell, and further preferably the at least one second region of the heat conduction device is provided by at least one second fluid. to be flown through.
  • the at least one galvanic cell is heated or cooled depending on the prevailing temperatures in the vicinity of the at least one first and at least one second region of the heat conducting device, the at least one galvanic cell and / or the electrode stack of the at least one galvanic cell.
  • a heat exchange device is to be understood as a device which is intended to transfer thermal energy from at least one first fluid stream to at least one second fluid stream. Preference is given to an indirect heat energy transfer of the heat exchange device, which is characterized in that the fluid streams are spatially separated from each other by at least one heat-conducting solid.
  • the at least one second region of the heat conducting device is provided at least in regions for contact with at least one heat exchange device.
  • the at least one heat conducting device is formed integrally with the at least one current conductor, wherein the at least one heat conducting device extends at least partially over the at least one current conductor.
  • the at least one fluid channel is closed. More preferably, the at least one sealed fluid channel is configured as a heat pipe.
  • a heat pipe means a device which is also provided for heat conduction, wherein the heat energy to be transported by means of the heat pipe can be transferred very efficiently from at least one first location to at least one second location.
  • the heat pipe can conduct up to 3 orders of magnitude higher heat flow, as a component of the same geometric dimensions of solid copper.
  • the heat pipe uses the physical effect that preferably larger heat outputs are converted during evaporation and condensation of a liquid, as in heat conduction in a solid.
  • the working medium evaporates at least at a first location of the heat pipe, wherein the temperature is at this at least first location above the corresponding phase transition temperature of the working fluid of the heat pipe.
  • the vaporous working medium condenses at this at least second location of the heat pipe, wherein the temperature at this at least second location is below the corresponding phase transition temperature of the working medium.
  • the flow direction of the vaporous working medium essentially corresponds to the direction of the temperature gradient within the heat pipe.
  • a heat pipe has an evaporation zone, a preferably adiabatic transport zone, a condensation zone and a gas storage, which are preferably continuously connected to each other and preferably formed in one piece.
  • the condensate flows from the condensation zone in the evaporation zone due to its weight.
  • the heat pipe has, at least in regions, a capillary section which is formed in at least one interior of the evaporation zone, in which the working medium moves and which is also intended to convey the condensate in a direction different from its weight.
  • a capillary section which is formed in at least one interior of the evaporation zone, in which the working medium moves and which is also intended to convey the condensate in a direction different from its weight.
  • there is a negative pressure within the heat pipe so that the working fluid evaporates already at low temperatures.
  • the heat pipe works with water as the working medium, with a corresponding design at an internal pressure of 1 Pa, even at temperatures around 3 0 C, a heat conduction is possible.
  • the electrolyte temperature must not exceed the maximum permissible temperature during the operation of galvanic cells, which is particularly important in the charging of the galvanic cell, because during charging at an electrolyte temperature above the maximum permissible values in the current conductors of the galvanic cell irreversible processes which impairs the operational reliability of the galvanic cell and consequently its service life.
  • Indirect cooling or heating of the electrolyte via the wall elements of the galvanic cell using the arranged outside of this galvanic cell thermal conduction is especially in a backup failure of the location of these heat conduction and uneven lubrication of the contacting surfaces with heat transfer, the heat transfer coefficient smaller, thereby reducing the effectiveness the heat conducting device is reduced outside this galvanic cell.
  • At least one current conductor of the at least one galvanic cell is configured at least in sections as a heat pipe, wherein this section is provided to cool or to cool the electrolyte heat.
  • at least one first region of the section of the current conductor designed as a heat pipe is arranged inside the at least one galvanic cell, wherein this at least one first region preferably also interacts with the electrolyte of the at least one galvanic cell.
  • at least one second region of the section of the current conductor configured as a heat pipe is arranged outside the at least one galvanic cell, wherein this at least one second region is also provided to be at least partially flowed and / or flowed through by a second fluid. Further preferably, this at least one second region is also provided, preferably to be heated by a resistance heater.
  • the at least one heat conducting device is assigned at least one conveying device.
  • the at least one delivery device is provided to convey the at least second fluid, wherein this fluid flow preferably at least partially flows against or flows through the at least one second region of the heat conduction device.
  • the conveyor is associated with at least one heat exchange device, which is provided to regulate the at least second fluid to a preferably preset temperature.
  • the at least one galvanic cell is associated with at least one measuring device which detects the temperature at a predetermined location of the at least one galvanic cell.
  • a plurality of measuring means for detecting temperatures at different positions of the at least one galvanic cell are preferably also connected to a measuring device.
  • This measuring device is suitable for receiving the signals of the measuring devices at any time.
  • the detection is preferably carried out at a low frequency, the frequency is preferably between 1 Hz and 100 Hz. This is also dependent on the participating heat capacities and heat transfer coefficients.
  • the at least one galvanic cell is assigned at least one control device, which is also intended to control the at least one measuring device and to evaluate their signals.
  • the control device is also suitable for controlling existing conveying devices. Depending on the operating state of the at least one galvanic cell, one or more conveying devices are switched. The functions of this control device can also be taken over by another controller or a battery management system.
  • a separator is preferably used, which consists of a material-permeable carrier, preferably partially permeable to material, ie substantially permeable with respect to at least one material and substantially impermeable with respect to at least one other material.
  • the carrier is coated on at least one side with an inorganic material.
  • an organic material is preferably used, which is preferably configured as a non-woven fabric.
  • the organic material preferably a polymer, and more preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is coated with an inorganic ion conducting material which is preferably ion conducting in a temperature range of -40 ° C to 200 ° C.
  • the inorganic, ion-conducting material preferably comprises at least one compound from the group of oxides, phosphates, sulfates, titanates, silicates, aluminosolizates with at least one of the elements Zr, Al, Li, particularly preferably zirconium oxide.
  • the inorganic, ion-conducting material preferably has particles with a largest diameter below 100 nm.
  • Each galvanic cell of the device according to the invention preferably has at least one separator.
  • a separator is marketed, for example, under the trade name "Separion” by Evonik AG in Germany.
  • the at least one galvanic cell of the device according to the invention is substantially cuboidal or prismatic. Such substantially parallelepipedic galvanic cells can be brought into contact with each other particularly well and receive from an interior space.
  • At least one first longitudinal extent 11 of the at least one galvanic cell (1) is preferably in the range of 15 cm ⁇ 11 ⁇ 50 cm, more preferably in the range of 20 cm ⁇ 11 ⁇ 30 cm, even more preferably in the range of 24 cm ⁇ 11 ⁇ 27 cm
  • At least one second longitudinal extent 12 of the at least one galvanic cell (1) is preferably in the range of 10 cm ⁇ 12 ⁇ 40 cm, more preferably in the range of 15 cm ⁇ 12 ⁇ 25 cm, particularly preferably in the range of 20 cm ⁇ 12 ⁇ 21 cm.
  • At least one third longitudinal extent 13 of the at least one galvanic cell (1) is preferably in the range of 0.5 cm ⁇ 13 ⁇ 5 cm, more preferably in the range of 1 cm ⁇ 13 ⁇ 2 cm, even more preferably in the range of 1, 1 cm ⁇ 13 ⁇ 1, 2 cm.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a galvanic cell according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows an inventive device for storing electrical energy in a preferred embodiment. The representation is not to scale.
  • the accumulator shown has two groups of 4 galvanic cells. The two groups are connected in parallel to increase the amount of charge. Within a group, four galvanic cells 1 are connected in series. The electrical connection is not shown. Also not shown are the individual cell envelopes, which are designed as gas-tight and welded foils.
  • a heat conducting device 8 is assigned to each galvanic cell 1.
  • the heat conducting device 8 in a so-called
  • Micro channel cooler 8 The channels of the micro channel cooler 8 are flowed through by a temperature-controlled second fluid, wherein the geometry of the channel, the material properties of the second fluid and its flow rate are selected so that the flow has the highest possible Reynolds number or Nusselt number.
  • the supply line 5 and the line 6 are provided.
  • this galvanic cell 1 is supplied with heat by means of the microchannel cooler 8 or else dissipated.
  • the microchannel cooler is replaced by a so-called "heat pipe.” This involves further changes in the design without this embodiment having the features of the claims.
  • the galvanic cells 1 are received by a cell holder 2.
  • Their wall 9 is thin-walled made of a thermosetting plastic and encloses the galvanic cells while avoiding trapped air.
  • the interior of the cell holder 2 has two nests, which are separated by a wall and each accommodate 4 galvanic cells.
  • the cell envelopes, not shown, are enclosed by the wall 9 such that the transmission of high heat flows between a galvanic cell 1 and the wall 9 is possible.
  • channels 3 are formed for a fourth fluid. These are introduced into the wall 9 during the production of the cell holder 2. These channels 3 are flowed through by a fourth fluid, which can supply or remove heat.
  • the devices for conveying these fluids is switched on or off by the control device 11, not shown.
  • thermocouple 7 whose contacts are connected to the control device 11, not shown.
  • each of these galvanic cells 1 has its own thermocouple 7.
  • the thermocouples 7 are each queried with a frequency of 100 Hz.
  • the device further comprises second measuring devices 10. Shown is an ammeter 10, which measures the strength of the electric current, which is supplied to a galvanic cell 1 or this is removed.
  • a heat conducting film 4 is arranged in each case.
  • This heat-conducting film 4 serves to improve the thermal contact between the individual galvanic cells, also by increasing the actual contact surfaces. Furthermore, this heat-conducting film 4 additionally exerts elastic restoring forces on the galvanic cells in order to avoid their unwanted movements.
  • FIG. 1 does not show the adjacent or interacting means for supplying the device. These are, for example, the coolant circuits which supply the microchannel coolers 8 and the channels 3. Also not shown are various attachments of the cell holder 2, which are required for proper operation of the battery.
  • FIG. 2 shows an inventive arrangement of control and measuring devices for temperature control of the accumulator.
  • a control device 11 which is associated with a memory device 12.
  • Arithmetic instructions, recorded and evaluated measured values and temperature specifications or target values are stored in this memory device 12.
  • this memory device 12 contains specifications for the temperature control of the accumulator. With these specifications for temperature control, the control device 11 is capable of switching on or off existing facilities in a forward-looking manner.
  • Control device 11 is connected to a first measuring device 7 for detecting temperatures of connected galvanic cells. With this first measuring device 7, a switch 13 is connected to which the various thermocouples are connected. Furthermore, a second measuring device 10 for detecting electrical currents is connected to the control device 11. With this second measuring device 10, a switch 14 is connected to which the various ammeters are connected. Furthermore, a number of fluid delivery devices and control lines to various switches are connected to the controller 11.
  • the control device 11 is able to carry out the temperature control of the operated accumulator in a forward-looking manner.
  • the functions of the control device 11 can also be taken over by another existing controller or by a higher-level battery management system.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a galvanic cell (1) of the device according to the invention, said galvanic cell (1) is partially surrounded by a cell envelope (21). The representation is not to scale.
  • the interior space (15) enclosed by this cell envelope (21) accommodates two electrodes (17a, 17b), a separator (16) and the electrolyte (not shown). Furthermore, the current conductors or the heat conducting devices in the interior (15) are partially included.
  • the current collector and a respective heat conducting device are integrally formed as components (30 a, 30 b).
  • the heat conducting device is designed therein as a heat pipe.
  • the respective first regions of the heat conducting devices (18 a, 18 b) are each formed with a first portion of the current collector as a functional block for heat conduction and current dissipation, these areas are partially surrounded by the cell envelope (21).
  • the first regions of the heat conduction devices designed as heat pipes also each have an evaporation zone (18 a, 18 b).
  • the components (30 a, 30 b) each have a substantially full metallic region (19 a, 19 b) outside the cell casing, wherein these regions have no fluid channel and wherein these regions (19 a, 19 b) are preferably for electrical contacting of the serve galvanic cell (1).
  • the second regions of the heat conduction devices configured as heat pipes each have a condensation region (20 a, 20 b) outside the galvanic cell. This arrangement of condensation and evaporation, is provided to cool the galvanic cell (1) and in particular the electrodes (17 a, 17 b).
  • the evaporation region (18 a, 18 b) and the condensation region (20 a, 20 b) of a component (30 a, 30 b) may also be reversed.
  • the condensation regions (20 a, 20 b) are then arranged inside the cell envelope and the evaporation regions (18 a, 18 b) outside the cell envelope, with this arrangement the galvanic cell (1) and in particular the electrodes (17 a, 17 b). be heated if necessary.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un accumulateur avec une durée de vie prolongée. L'invention est décrite à propos d'un accumulateur lithium-ion destiné à alimenter un mécanisme d'entraînement d'un véhicule automobile. Il faut cependant noter que l'invention peut trouver une application même dans le cas de batteries sans lithium et/ou même indépendamment des véhicules automobiles.
EP10712351A 2009-04-08 2010-03-30 Accumulateur à durée de vie prolongée Withdrawn EP2417652A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910016867 DE102009016867A1 (de) 2009-04-08 2009-04-08 Akkumulator mit verlängerter Lebensdauer
PCT/EP2010/002030 WO2010115560A1 (fr) 2009-04-08 2010-03-30 Accumulateur à durée de vie prolongée

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EP2417652A1 true EP2417652A1 (fr) 2012-02-15

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US (1) US20120164492A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2417652A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012523655A (fr)
KR (1) KR20120014143A (fr)
CN (1) CN102428592A (fr)
BR (1) BRPI1011718A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009016867A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010115560A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
CN102428592A (zh) 2012-04-25
WO2010115560A1 (fr) 2010-10-14
US20120164492A1 (en) 2012-06-28
KR20120014143A (ko) 2012-02-16
BRPI1011718A2 (pt) 2016-03-22
JP2012523655A (ja) 2012-10-04
DE102009016867A1 (de) 2010-10-14

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