EP2486621A1 - Unité accumulatrice d'énergie à durée de vie prolongée - Google Patents

Unité accumulatrice d'énergie à durée de vie prolongée

Info

Publication number
EP2486621A1
EP2486621A1 EP10760261A EP10760261A EP2486621A1 EP 2486621 A1 EP2486621 A1 EP 2486621A1 EP 10760261 A EP10760261 A EP 10760261A EP 10760261 A EP10760261 A EP 10760261A EP 2486621 A1 EP2486621 A1 EP 2486621A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
fluid
galvanic cell
galvanic
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10760261A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Claus-Rupert Hohenthanner
Tim Schaefer
Andreas Gutsch
Markus Wohnig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Original Assignee
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Li Tec Battery GmbH filed Critical Li Tec Battery GmbH
Publication of EP2486621A1 publication Critical patent/EP2486621A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/443—Particulate material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49815—Disassembling
    • Y10T29/49817—Disassembling with other than ancillary treating or assembling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to energy storage devices.
  • the invention is described in the context of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries for the supply of motor vehicle drives. It is pointed out that the invention can also be used independently of the design of the galvanic cell, its chemistry and also regardless of the type of drive supplied.
  • Rechargeable batteries with a plurality of galvanic cells for supplying vehicle drives are known from the prior art. During operation of such a battery, irreversible chemical reactions also occur in the galvanic cells. These reactions also lead to an increasingly reduced charge capacity of the galvanic cells.
  • the invention has for its object to obtain the charging capacity of the galvanic cells of a battery over a higher number of charging cycles.
  • An inventive device for storing electrical energy has at least one galvanic cell. Furthermore, the device according to the invention has at least one cell holding device with at least one inner cavity, which is provided to at least partially accommodate the at least one galvanic cell. Furthermore, the device according to the invention has at least one first wall element, which separates the interior space of the cell holder at least partially surrounds and which is at least partially operatively connected to the at least one galvanic cell. Furthermore, the device has at least one heat conducting device, which is operatively connected to the at least one first wall element. Furthermore, the device according to the invention has at least one fluid channel, which is assigned to the heat conducting device and is intended to be flowed through by a first fluid. The device according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one position compensating device which is intended to expand, wherein at least the position compensating device is at least partially disposed within the cell holding device.
  • a galvanic cell means a device which also serves to store chemical energy and to deliver electrical energy. Also, the galvanic cell may be configured to convert and store electrical energy when charging into chemical energy. This is also referred to as a secondary cell or an accumulator.
  • a heat conducting device is to be understood as meaning a device which, compared with the galvanic cells, also has an increased thermal conductivity. In particular, it gives thermal energy to an actively connected galvanic cell. This is particularly desirable at low ambient temperatures to counteract premature aging of the galvanic cell and to increase its efficiency.
  • the heat-conducting device also dissipates thermal energy from an actively connected galvanic cell, which protects it in particular and extends its service life.
  • a fluid is to be understood as meaning a substance which substantially does not oppose any arbitrarily small shear stress. Gases and liquids are fluids in this sense.
  • a fluid channel means a device which at least also receives and directs a first fluid or at least can hold this first fluid, provided that this fluid channel is designed as a closed space. Preferably, this fluid channel is provided to receive a second fluid and to direct or hold.
  • the fluid channel has at least one inlet region and at least one outlet region for at least the first fluid, wherein preferably at least the first fluid flows through the channel from at least this inlet region to at least this outlet region.
  • at least the first fluid has a lower or higher temperature than the interior of the fluid channel and / or the fluid channel wall and / or at least one device operatively connected to the fluid channel.
  • At least the first fluid is heated or cooled depending on the prevailing temperatures, whereby thermal energy from the interior of the fluid channel and / or the Fluidkanalwandung and / or at least one device operatively connected to the fluid channel removed or supplied.
  • a cell holding device is to be understood as a device which has an inner space and at least one first wall element at least partially surrounding this inner space.
  • the wall element is not intended to completely enclose this interior.
  • the interior is designed to at least partially accommodate at least one galvanic cell.
  • the interior is configured to accommodate, in addition to the at least one galvanic cell, further devices, in particular measuring devices, control devices and at least one position compensation device.
  • the at least one recorded galvanic cell and at least the other recorded devices are preferably from this cell holding device positively enclosed and / or thermally conductive.
  • the at least one galvanic cell is enclosed by the cell holding device in such a way that at least a first outer surface of the adjoining cell envelope at least partially forms a flat solid-body contact with at least the first wall element. It is advantageous in this arrangement that dissipated thermal energy from the galvanic cell is passed directly without further solid-solid state contacts directly to the outside of the cell holder.
  • At least the first wall element of the cell holding device preferably consists of a highly heat-conductive metallic material and particularly preferably of aluminum.
  • a position compensating device is to be understood as a device which is intended to expand in a preferential direction dependent on temperature and / or dependent on the ambient pressure acting on it, wherein a force is also applied in the direction of the first wall element to at least the galvanic Cell is exercised.
  • the position compensation device is in particular provided to be operatively connected to at least one galvanic cell within at least one cell holding device.
  • the type and / or size of an exerted force of at least this position compensation device is preferably essentially dependent on its temperature and the ambient pressure acting on it.
  • the type and / or size of the applied force of at least this position compensation device can be preset by its geometric shape and / or the material from which it is made.
  • the temperature-dependent force of the position compensation device for a constant ambient pressure is preferably described at least at intervals by at least one mathematical function. In particular, when Kotier thermal stress of the galvanic cell leads to a disruption or disruption of the thermal energy flow to a heat accumulation within the galvanic cell and / or the cell-holding device, thereby increasing the operating temperature of this galvanic cell.
  • an increase in volume of the at least one galvanic cell during the charging cycle is compensated by a corresponding volume reduction of at least the associated position compensation device and prevents deformation and / or destruction of the at least one galvanic cell and / or at least the cell holding device.
  • the position compensation device preferably controls the contact pressure of the at least one galvanic cell on at least the first wall element to a constant value.
  • Volume changes of the associated galvanic cell which are unavoidable during charging and / or discharging cycles, are at least partially compensated by this position compensating device.
  • the thermal contact between the at least one galvanic cell and the first wall element is improved and / or ensured by the position compensating device.
  • a volume reduction of the at least one galvanic cell during the discharge cycle is compensated by a corresponding increase in volume of at least the associated position compensation device and the thermally conductive solid state contact between the at least one galvanic cell and at least the first wall element also obtained in this case.
  • a contact pressure of the galvanic cell on at least the first wall element leads to an interruption or disruption of the thermal energy flow between the at least one galvanic cell and at least the first wall element.
  • the position compensating device preferably controls the contact pressure of the at least one galvanic cell on at least the first wall element to a constant value.
  • a separator is preferably used, which consists of a material-permeable carrier, preferably partially permeable to material, ie substantially permeable with respect to at least one material and substantially impermeable with respect to at least one other material.
  • the carrier is coated on at least one side with an inorganic material.
  • an organic material is preferably used, which is preferably configured as a non-woven fabric.
  • the organic material preferably a polymer, and more preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is coated with an inorganic ion conducting material which is preferably ion conducting in a temperature range of -40 ° C to 200 ° C.
  • the inorganic, ion-conducting material preferably comprises at least one compound from the group of oxides, phosphates, sulfates, titanates, silicates, aluminosilicates with at least one of the elements Zr, Al, Li, particularly preferably zirconium oxide.
  • the inorganic, ion-conducting material preferably has particles with a largest diameter below 100 nm. Such a separator is marketed, for example, under the trade name "Separion" by Evonik AG in Germany.
  • a longitudinal axis is to be understood as meaning that axis of a body which extends in the direction of its greatest extent and which essentially corresponds to an axis of symmetry.
  • the longitudinal axes of a galvanic cell and a cell holding device and a position compensating device and a heat conducting device are substantially parallel.
  • This arrangement of the substantially plate-shaped components allows a high packing density of the device according to the invention.
  • adjacent components contact each other surface, with increasing the number of points of contact, the thermal conductivity of the formed solid contacts is improved.
  • a plurality of cell holding devices and heat conducting devices is particularly advantageously arranged within the device according to the invention, wherein at least one cell holding device encloses at least one galvanic cell and at least one position compensating device.
  • An arrangement is preferred within which cell holding devices and heat conducting devices are arranged substantially alternately.
  • each cell holding device is associated with at least one heat conducting device, which is operatively connected to at least this associated cell holding device.
  • one of a plurality of cell holding devices and heat conducting existing device according to the invention for increasing the electrical voltage and / or the amount of charge contained a plurality of galvanic cells in parallel and / or series connection.
  • four galvanic cells are connected in series to achieve a predetermined operating voltage as a group. Several such groups are preferably connected in parallel and store a larger amount of charge.
  • the device according to the invention has at least one first molded part, wherein the first molded part is provided to be operatively connected and / or glued to at least the first wall element of the cell holding device.
  • the first molded part is substantially arranged perpendicular to at least the cell holding device.
  • the first molded part is configured such that it is operatively connected to a plurality of wall elements of a plurality of cell holding devices.
  • At least the first molded part is preferably designed such that it at least partially encloses at least one associated heat conducting device.
  • at least the first molded part is made of a plastic or synthetic resin, wherein this first molded part is preferably non-conductive.
  • the device according to the invention has at least one second molded part, wherein at least this second molded part is arranged substantially opposite to the first molded part and wherein the second molded part is provided to be operatively connected and / or glued to at least the first wall element of the cell holding device.
  • this second molded part which has at least one opening, wherein this opening is provided for carrying out at least one Stromableiters at least one galvanic cell.
  • at least the second molded part is arranged substantially perpendicular to at least the cell holding device.
  • the second molded part is designed such that it is essentially operatively connected to a plurality of wall elements of a plurality of cell holding devices.
  • At least the first molded part is preferably designed such that it at least partially encloses at least one associated heat conducting device.
  • at least the second molded part is made of a plastic or synthetic resin, wherein this second molded part is preferably non-conductive.
  • the device according to the invention has at least one cavity, wherein this cavity is provided to receive at least one heat conducting device.
  • this cavity is bounded on at least two opposite sides by at least one first wall element of the associated cell storage devices.
  • this cavity is preferably on two others At least partially opposite sides each bounded by at least the first and the second molded part.
  • this cavity is open on two further sides, whereby a first fluid channel is formed between at least two adjacent first wall elements of the associated cell holding devices, which passes through the device according to the invention from a first side to a second side opposite to this first side.
  • this cavity is also suitable for heat conduction and provided a preferred embodiment of a heat conduction there.
  • this heat conducting device is provided to be flowed through by at least a first fluid.
  • this first fluid absorbs or releases thermal energy during the flow through the heat-conducting device as a function of its temperature and the prevailing temperatures within this heat-conducting device or first fluid channel.
  • a conveying device is to be understood as meaning a device which is also intended to convey at least one fluid.
  • at least one fluid preferably from at least one container associated with the conveying device is preferably introduced and / or at least discharged into at least one fluid channel using at least one fluid pump associated with the conveying device preferably via at least one valve associated with the conveying device, preferably using at least one valve associated with the conveying device derived from this fluid channel.
  • the conveying device is assigned at least one heat exchanger, which is provided to temper at least the fluid conveyed by the conveying device.
  • the conveying device is signal-connected at least to the control device, wherein the control device is at least provided to set at least two operating states of the conveying device.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably associated with at least one first conveying device, which is provided to convey at least this first fluid within at least the first fluid channel.
  • the conveying device can also remove the fluid from a storage container or from a line system or can supply the fluid directly from the line system to the at least first fluid channel via a valve acted upon by a control device.
  • At least one second conveying device is assigned, in particular in the case of a high cooling requirement, at least of this heat-conducting device.
  • This second conveying device is provided to convey at least one second, preferably incompressible, fluid within at least the first fluid channel.
  • the conveying device can also remove the fluid from a storage container or from a line system or can supply the fluid directly from the line system to the at least first fluid channel via a valve acted upon by a control device.
  • phase changes preferably from liquid to gaseous or vice versa.
  • one of the phase transition temperatures of this fluid is below the maximum intended operating temperature of the device according to the invention.
  • At least this first fluid channel at least partially has a capillary-active nonwoven, which is provided to at least partially wet the first wall element with at least the second fluid.
  • the heat-conducting device is assigned a distribution device which is provided to introduce at least a second fluid into at least the first fluid channel and to distribute this fluid at least in regions on at least the capillary-active nonwoven.
  • at least one device for turbulence of at least the first fluid is assigned to this distribution device, wherein a turbulence of at least this first fluid promotes phase changes of the second fluid, in particular from liquid to gaseous.
  • the device according to the invention is associated with a third conveying device, which is provided to convey at least one first multiphase fluid within at least the first fluid channel.
  • a third conveying device which is provided to convey at least one first multiphase fluid within at least the first fluid channel.
  • the evaporation of the liquid fluid components of this multiphase fluid in the first fluid channel reduces the prevailing temperatures within the fluid channel.
  • the conveying device can remove the fluid from a storage container or from a line system or can supply the fluid via a valve acted upon by the control device directly from the line system to the at least first fluid channel.
  • At least the first heat conducting device is at least partially filled with a preferably thermally conductive metal.
  • at least this metallic core of the heat conducting device has at least one second fluid channel, which is provided to be flowed through by at least one third, preferably incompressible, fluid.
  • a plurality of second fluid channels associated with this metallic core or formed within the metallic core Preferably, at least one second fluid channel has a round or rectangular cross-section.
  • the channel runs meandering or preferably straight through the metallic core, advantageously in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the metallic core.
  • at least two second fluid channels are connected to at least one connecting element to form a continuous fluid channel.
  • the device according to the invention is associated with a fourth conveying device, which is provided to convey at least the third fluid within at least the third fluid channel.
  • a fourth conveying device which is provided to convey at least the third fluid within at least the third fluid channel.
  • a plurality of cell holding means and heat conducting means with metallic core are integrally formed of the same material.
  • this integrally formed assembly is an extruded profile and preferably an aluminum extruded profile.
  • this one-piece configuration has the advantage that solid-state solid-state contacts, in particular between at least the first wall element of the cell holding device and the associated heat conducting device with metallic core, are avoided, the thermal energy flow within the device according to the invention being improved.
  • the at least one first wall element at least partially at least one preferably metallic rib, which is also provided to increase the surface, in particular the outer side of the first wall element of the cell holder.
  • the enlarged surface improves the heat transfer, in particular the absorption or the emission of heat radiation on the outside of the at least one first wall element.
  • a current conductor is to be understood as a grid material which is also provided to enable the controlled removal of the stored chemical energy in the form of electrical energy.
  • the current conductor also conducts electrical current into the galvanic cell, whereby this electrical energy is converted into chemical energy within the galvanic cell and stored.
  • This current collector is preferably metallic and has a high thermal conductivity.
  • the current collector has a first region, which is arranged inside the galvanic cell, and a second region, which second region is intended to be arranged outside the galvanic cell. Preferably, this second region is cooled or heated by heat exchange, in particular heat conduction to a heat sink or convection.
  • this heat sink or this second region of the Stromableiters at least partially flows around at least a fourth fluid.
  • the galvanic cell is supplied with thermal energy or removed.
  • the heat sink also comprises a material of a group of metals, which also contains copper, nickel, chromium, aluminum and silver.
  • the device according to the invention has a third fluid channel which is provided to conduct at least the fourth fluid at least in regions via at least one current conductor or at least one heat sink operatively connected to this current conductor.
  • the device according to the invention is associated with a fifth conveying device, which is provided to convey at least this fourth fluid within at least the fifth fluid channel.
  • At least the first wall element at least partially has a higher degree of thermal radiation absorption than at least the galvanic cell.
  • electromagnetic radiation emitted by the galvanic cell is preferably absorbed by the wall element with a higher degree of absorption, as a result of which heat accumulation within the galvanic cell and / or within the cell holding device is substantially avoided.
  • the energy storage unit with extended life has at least one first measuring device, which is provided to detect a measured value, in particular the temperature at a predetermined position of the galvanic cell.
  • the energy storage unit has a control device which is provided to detect a signal of at least one first measuring device and / or to control the at least one heat conducting device.
  • a first measuring device is to be understood as a device which is provided to detect a measured value, in particular the temperature at a predetermined location of a galvanic cell.
  • a plurality of measuring means for detecting temperatures and / or pressures at different positions of a galvanic cell are connected to a measuring device.
  • This measuring device is suitable for receiving the signals of the measuring devices at any time. For convenience and to reduce the amount of data, it is preferable to capture only from time to time. This also depends on the participating heat capacities and heat transfer coefficients.
  • a first measuring device provides at least one signal to a likewise existing control device. Preferably, this control device triggers the detection of temperatures by a first measuring device as a function of the operating conditions.
  • a control device is to be understood as a device which is provided to control at least the at least one first measuring device and to evaluate their signals. This happens on the basis of given calculation rules. These take account of different characteristics of the individual measuring means.
  • the control device is also suitable for controlling existing heat conducting devices. Depending on the operating state of a galvanic cell, one or more heat conducting devices are switched.
  • the functions of this control device of the device according to the invention can also be taken over by another controller or a battery management system.
  • the device according to the invention is also equipped with at least one second measuring device.
  • This is suitable for detecting the charging or discharging current in or out of an associated galvanic cell and for transmitting this control device.
  • the number of both measuring devices corresponds to the number of galvanic cells, but is preferably also lower.
  • the detection of the current takes place constantly, but preferably according to specification of this control device in dependence on the operating conditions.
  • a device is operated such that its control device first detects the temperature at a predetermined location of a galvanic cell. Depending on this temperature, this control device switches on or off a heat conducting device. The control device preferably switches on or off at least one delivery device for fluids. Thus, even a premature aging of a device for storing electrical energy is remedied and extends their life.
  • this control device is connected to a memory device.
  • This is used to store recorded data, evaluated measured values and / or calculation instructions. Together with a measured value or an evaluated measured value, another value is stored, which is representative of the time of the measurement.
  • targets or target values for a measured parameter such as the temperature of a cell, are stored in this memory device.
  • the device has a control device, an associated memory device and at least one first measuring device.
  • This control device is suitable for forming a difference between a measured value or signal of this first measuring device and a predetermined value. Depending on this temperature difference, this control device switches on or off a heat conducting device.
  • the control device preferably switches on or off conveying devices for fluids.
  • the device has a control device, an associated storage device, at least one first measuring device and at least a second measuring device.
  • This control device is suitable for forming a difference between a measured value or signal of this first measuring device and a predetermined value.
  • this control device is suitable for linking the measured values of a first measuring device with a signal of a second measuring device using a stored calculation rule.
  • the control device preferably estimates the future temporal development of the cell temperature using stored calculation instructions.
  • the control device preferably switches on or off heat conduction devices and / or conveying devices for a fluid. For example, in the case of a high discharge current during an acceleration phase of the motor vehicle, the control device switches on a conveying device for a fluid and / or a heat conducting device even before a noticeable rise in a cell temperature.
  • the energy storage device according to the invention is configured such that a plurality of these energy storage devices are preferably mechanically and / or magnetically connectable, wherein in particular at least two fluid channels of at least two energy storage devices can be connected to form a continuous channel.
  • FIG. 1a shows a cross section of an aluminum extruded profile for the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 1b shows a side view of an aluminum extruded profile for the device according to the invention
  • FIG. a cross section of an aluminum extruded profile for the device according to the invention
  • a side view of an aluminum extruded profile for the device according to the invention a cross section of an aluminum extruded profile for the device according to the invention
  • a side view of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention a cross section of an aluminum extruded profile with cooling fins on the outside
  • a connecting element for fluid channels through which a gaseous fluid flows a connecting element for fluid channels through which a liquid fluid flows
  • FIG. 8 longitudinal section through a device according to the invention with
  • Air cooling shows a longitudinal section through a first heat-conducting device of the device according to the invention, which has a distribution device and a capillary-active nonwoven;
  • Fig. 10 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 11 is a plan view of a galvanic cell received in a profile frame
  • Fig. 1a shows a cross section of an aluminum extruded profile 10. The representation is not to scale.
  • the illustrated extruded profile 10 has eight first regions, which are configured as cell holding devices 4 and are provided to receive two galvanic cells 1 in each case.
  • Fig. 1b shows a side view of an aluminum extruded profile 10.
  • the representation is not to scale.
  • the illustrated extruded profile 10 has eight first regions, which are configured as cell holding devices 4 and are provided to receive two galvanic cells 1 in each case.
  • the range boundaries of two cell storage devices 4 are indicated by dashed lines.
  • the illustrated extruded profile 10 are assigned a cover element 25 and a bottom element 26 on two opposite sides.
  • Fig. 2a shows a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention in cross section.
  • the representation is not to scale.
  • the illustrated cell holding devices 4 each have a first wall element 9, which is designed as a rectangular tube.
  • the cell holding devices 4 are adhesively bonded to the first molded part 6, which uniformly spaces the cell holding devices 4.
  • a heat conducting device 3 is in each case arranged between two cell holding devices 4. These heat conducting devices each have only a first fluid channel 8, which passes through the device according to the invention from a first side to the second side opposite to a first side.
  • FIG. 2b shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the representation is not to scale.
  • the illustrated cell holding devices 4 each have a first wall element 9, which is designed as a rectangular tube.
  • the cell holding devices 4 are adhesively bonded to the first mold part 6 and to the second mold part 7, which space the cell holders 4 evenly.
  • a bottom element 26 is screwed to the first mold part 6 and a lid element 25 is screwed to the second mold part 7.
  • a heat conducting device 3 is in each case arranged between two cell holding devices 4. These heat conducting devices 3 each have only a first fluid channel 8, which pass through the device according to the invention from a first side to the second side opposite to this first side.
  • Fig. 3a shows an aluminum extruded profile 10 for an energy storage unit according to the invention with extended life.
  • the representation is not to scale.
  • the illustrated embodiment of the aluminum extruded profile 10 has eight first sections, which are configured as cell holding devices 4. Between two first sections, a second section 5 of the aluminum extruded profile is arranged in each case. These second sections are fully metallic and have recesses 27 on two sides.
  • Fig. 3b shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the representation is not to scale.
  • the illustrated cell holding devices 4 each have a first wall element 9, which is designed as a rectangular tube. Between two cell holding devices 4, a heat conducting device 3 with a metallic core is arranged in each case.
  • the heat conducting devices each have five second fluid channels 14 with a round cross section, which pass through the device according to the invention from a first side to a second side opposite this first side.
  • the cell holders 4 are glued to the first mold part 6 and the second mold part 7.
  • a bottom element 26 is screwed to the first mold part 6 and a lid element 25 is screwed to the second mold part 7.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross section of an aluminum extruded profile 10.
  • the representation is not to scale.
  • the illustrated extruded profile 10 has eight first regions, which are configured as cell holding devices 4 and are provided to receive two galvanic cells 1 in each case.
  • the illustrated extruded profile 10 cooling fins 16, which are provided to increase the lateral surface of this extruded profile 10 and to increase the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation.
  • the aluminum extruded profile and the cooling ribs 16 are integrally made of preferably the same material.
  • Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention with air cooling.
  • the representation is not to scale.
  • the illustrated energy storage unit has four groups of two plate-shaped galvanic cells 1. Each galvanic cell has in each case 2 current conductors 1 1. Depending on a current conductor 1 1 of a galvanic cell 1, an electrically insulating termination element 13 is attached. The four groups of galvanic cells 1 are connected in parallel to increase the amount of charge. Within a group, two galvanic cells 1 are connected in series. The electrical connection is not shown. Also not shown the individual cell shells, which are formed as a gas-tight, electrically non-conductive and welded film.
  • Each cell holding device 4 has in the embodiment shown only a first wall element 9, wherein the cross section of this first wall element 9 is rectangular.
  • the wall element 9 is thin-walled made of a highly heat-conducting metal and encloses the galvanic cells 1 while avoiding trapped air.
  • the galvanic cells are also enclosed by the wall element 9 such that the transmission of high heat flows between a galvanic cell 1 and the wall element 9 is possible.
  • the first wall elements 9 are each glued on a first side with the first mold part 6 and on the second side opposite this first side with the second mold part 7.
  • the lid 25 is screwed to the second mold part 7.
  • the fittings are shown as dashed lines.
  • each cell holding device 4 has a plate-shaped designed position-compensating device 2, wherein the position-compensating device 2 is arranged in each case two galvanic cells 1 and this contacts flat.
  • a cell holding device 4 is assigned at least one heat conducting device 3 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • This heat conducting device 3 has a first fluid channel 8, which passes through the device according to the invention from a first side to the second side opposite to a first side.
  • This fluid channel 8 is provided, preferably to be flowed through by outside air. Depending on the temperatures of the actively connected galvanic cell 1 and the outside air, these galvanic cells 1 are supplied with thermal energy or removed therefrom.
  • the fluid channel 8 has two highly liquid-wetting fleeces 14, which are adhesively bonded in each case to a first wall element 9 and which are provided to wet these first wall elements 9 on one side in regions with a second fluid.
  • Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention with liquid cooling.
  • the representation is not to scale.
  • the illustrated energy storage unit has four groups each of two plate-shaped galvanic cells 1.
  • Each galvanic cell has two current conductors 11 each.
  • an electrically insulating termination element 13 is attached.
  • the four groups are connected in parallel to increase the amount of charge.
  • two galvanic cells 1 are connected in series.
  • the electrical connection is not shown.
  • the individual cell shells which are formed as a gas-tight, electrically non-conductive and welded film.
  • Each group of two galvanic cells 1 is accommodated in each case in a cell holding device 4.
  • Each cell holding device 4 has in the embodiment shown only a first wall element 9, wherein the cross section of this first wall element 9 is rectangular.
  • the wall element 9 is thin-walled made of a highly heat-conducting metal and encloses the galvanic cells 1 while avoiding trapped air.
  • the galvanic cells are enclosed by the wall element 9 such that the transmission of high heat flows between a galvanic cell 1 and the wall element 9 is possible.
  • the first wall elements 9 are glued on a first side to the first mold part 6 and on the opposite second side to the second mold part 7 respectively.
  • the lid 25 is screwed to the second mold part 7.
  • each cell holding device 4 has a plate-shaped position compensating device 2, wherein the position compensating device 2 is assigned in each case two galvanic cells 1 and touches them flatly.
  • a cell holding device 4 is assigned at least one heat conducting device 3 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • This heat conducting device 3 has a highly heat-conductive metallic core.
  • the heat conducting device 3 in each case has five second fluid channels 14.
  • the fluid channels 14 have a round cross-section and can be connected in pairs via connecting elements to form a continuous fluid channel.
  • the fluid channels 14 are provided to be flowed through by a tempered second fluid, wherein the geometry of the fluid channels 14, the material properties of the second fluid and its flow rate are selected so that the flow has the highest possible Reynolds number or Nusselt number.
  • the cell holding devices 4 and the heat conducting devices 3 are made in one piece, wherein an aluminum extruded profile was used in accordance with Figure 3a.
  • Fig. 7a shows a connecting element 18 for fluid channels 14, which are traversed by a gaseous fluid.
  • the geometry of this connecting element 18 is adapted to the geometry of the recesses, not shown in this figure, in the second regions of the aluminum extruded profile.
  • the illustrated connecting element is provided to connect at least two fluid channels at least in sections. Preferably, two fluid channels, which are assigned to two different, combined into a module inventive devices, connected by this connecting element.
  • the connecting element also be configured U-shaped.
  • a U-shaped ausgestaltetes connecting element is used to connect two, the same heat conduction associated fluid channels.
  • Fig. 7b shows a connecting element 19 for fluid channels 8, which are traversed by a gaseous fluid.
  • this connecting element 19 is adapted to the geometry of the recesses, not shown in this figure, in the second regions of the aluminum extruded profile.
  • the illustrated connecting element is provided to connect at least two fluid channels at least in sections. Preferably, two fluid channels, which are assigned to two different, combined into a module inventive devices, connected by this connecting element.
  • the connecting element can also be configured U-shaped.
  • a U-shaped connecting element serves to connect two fluid channels assigned to the same heat-conducting device.
  • Fig. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention with internal air cooling.
  • the attached fan 28 preferably delivers a fluid outside air within the device according to the invention.
  • the resulting fluid flow is passed through the outer cell holding means 4 of the device according to the invention, which have no galvanic cells 1 and no position equalizers 2.
  • the fluid flow is passed through a formed in the cover member 25 fluid channel, wherein the fluid flows around at least the current collector 1 1 or active-connected heat sink.
  • the fluid flow is passed through a fluid channel formed in the bottom element 26.
  • This circulating within the device according to the invention fluid flow can also at least partially pass through a heat exchanger for temperature control, which is not shown.
  • the current conductors 1 1 and / or the effective connected to heat sinks thermal energy supplied or dissipated by this.
  • FIG. 9 shows a side view of a distribution device for a heat-conducting device of the device according to the invention, through which a first fluid flows.
  • the distribution device shown has a connection 28 for the introduction of a second fluid, a support frame 29 with a thickness of 1, 5 mm and an upper and a lower pipe 30, 31 with an inner diameter of 4 mm.
  • the upper pipe 30 has partially bores 33 with a diameter of 0.5 mm, which conduct a flowing in the upper pipe 30 second fluid to a capillary-active nonwoven 34.
  • the capillary-active nonwoven is partially bonded to the wall of the first fluid channel of the heat conduction device, not shown, and wets the fluid channel wall in regions with the second fluid.
  • the distribution device has two winglets 32, which are mounted on the support frame 29.
  • the arrangement of the winglets 32 is chosen such that the substantially laminar flow of the first fluid is fluidized, whereby the mass transfer of the second wetting fluid is improved from liquid to gaseous.
  • the lid member 25 has a recess 35 for the terminals of the device according to the invention.
  • the bottom element 26 has two T-slots 36, which receive fastening elements for fastening a plurality of devices according to the invention.
  • the bottom element 26 bores for stud bolts 37, which fix the guided through the T-slots 36 fasteners.
  • 11a shows a plan view of a galvanic cell 1, which is surrounded by a cell envelope 39 designed as a gas-tight and welded foil and which furthermore is mounted in a profile frame 38 designed in two pieces. taken.
  • the two-piece designed profile frame 38 has a U-profile and is geometrically adapted to the recorded galvanic cell 1 and made of aluminum and / or plastic. Not shown is the mounting adhesive used for fixing the galvanic cell 1 in the profile frame 38, such as an acrylic sealant.
  • FIG. 1 1 b shows a side view of a galvanic cell 1, which is accommodated in a profile frame 38.
  • the two-piece designed profile frame 38 has a U-profile and is geometrically adapted to the recorded galvanic cell 1 and made of aluminum and / or plastic.
  • the mounting adhesive used for fixing the galvanic cell 1 in the profile frame 38, such as an acrylic sealant.
  • the illustrated holes 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 and 46 are used for positioning the galvanic cell 1 and the two-piece designed profile frame 38 in a device for bonding these components.
  • at least one geometrically adapted to the size of the bore bolt is used to fix the galvanic cell 1 and the profile frame 38 in the device for gluing.
  • the aluminum extruded profile 10 has 7 first areas af which are designed as a cell holding device. Furthermore, the aluminum extruded profile 10 has a plurality of cooling ribs 16.
  • the cell holding devices are each equipped with two galvanic cells 1, which are surrounded by a cell casing and accommodated in a profile frame 38. Furthermore, a position compensating device is accommodated in each cell holding device, which is positioned between the two galvanic cells 1. In the illustrated embodiment of the device according to the invention in each case two galvanic cells are connected in series with a contact element 38 which is fastened with stud bolts.
  • a series circuit of 14 galvanic cells 1 results in the embodiment shown.
  • Fig. 13 shows an inventive arrangement of control and measuring devices for temperature control of the accumulator. Shown is a control device 51, which is associated with a memory device 52. Arithmetic instructions, recorded and evaluated measured values and temperature specifications or target values are stored in this memory device 52. Furthermore, this memory device 52 contains specifications for the temperature control of the accumulator. With these specifications for temperature control, the control device 51 is able to switch on or off existing facilities in a forward-looking manner. Connected to the control device 51 is a first measuring device 57 for detecting temperatures of connected galvanic cells. With this first measuring device 50, a switch 53 is connected to which the various thermocouples are connected.
  • a second measuring device 57 for detecting electrical currents is connected to the control device 51.
  • a switch 54 is connected, to which the various ammeters are connected.
  • a number of conveyors for fluids and control lines to various switches are connected.
  • control device 51 is able to carry out the temperature control of the operated accumulator in a forward-looking manner.
  • the functions of the control device 51 can also be taken over by another existing controller or by a higher-level battery management system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif accumulateur d'énergie électrique qui comprend au moins une cellule galvanique. Le dispositif selon l'invention présente en outre au moins un dispositif de retenue à lignes avec au moins un espace intérieur qui est prévu pour recevoir au moins en partie au moins une cellule galvanique. Le dispositif selon l'invention présente en outre au moins un premier élément de paroi qui entoure au moins en partie l'espace intérieur du dispositif de retenue à lignes et qui est relié fonctionnellement au moins par endroits à cette cellule galvanique. Le dispositif présente en outre au moins un dispositif thermoconducteur qui est relié fonctionnellement à ce premier élément de paroi. Le dispositif selon l'invention présente en outre au moins un canal à fluide qui est associé au dispositif thermoconducteur et dans lequel doit circuler un premier fluide. Le dispositif selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il présente au moins un dispositif de compensation de position qui est prévu pour se dilater, le dispositif de compensation de position étant disposé au moins en partie à l'intérieur du dispositif de retenue à lignes.
EP10760261A 2009-10-05 2010-09-22 Unité accumulatrice d'énergie à durée de vie prolongée Withdrawn EP2486621A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102009048249A DE102009048249A1 (de) 2009-10-05 2009-10-05 Energiespeichereinheit mit verlängerter Lebensdauer
PCT/EP2010/005803 WO2011042122A1 (fr) 2009-10-05 2010-09-22 Unité accumulatrice d'énergie à durée de vie prolongée

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US (1) US20120244394A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2486621A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013506969A (fr)
KR (1) KR20120091109A (fr)
CN (1) CN102576917A (fr)
BR (1) BR112012007810A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009048249A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011042122A1 (fr)

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JP2013506969A (ja) 2013-02-28
DE102009048249A1 (de) 2011-04-07
US20120244394A1 (en) 2012-09-27
CN102576917A (zh) 2012-07-11
BR112012007810A2 (pt) 2016-08-30
KR20120091109A (ko) 2012-08-17
WO2011042122A1 (fr) 2011-04-14

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