EP2411990B1 - Trennschalter zur galvanischen gleichstromunterbrechung - Google Patents

Trennschalter zur galvanischen gleichstromunterbrechung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2411990B1
EP2411990B1 EP10708895A EP10708895A EP2411990B1 EP 2411990 B1 EP2411990 B1 EP 2411990B1 EP 10708895 A EP10708895 A EP 10708895A EP 10708895 A EP10708895 A EP 10708895A EP 2411990 B1 EP2411990 B1 EP 2411990B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
semiconductor
switch
arc
electronics
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10708895A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2411990A1 (de
Inventor
Michael Naumann
Thomas Zitzelsperger
Frank Gerdinand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH
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Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to PL10708895T priority Critical patent/PL2411990T3/pl
Publication of EP2411990A1 publication Critical patent/EP2411990A1/de
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Publication of EP2411990B1 publication Critical patent/EP2411990B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/544—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/546—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being triggered by the voltage over the mechanical switch contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a separation device for DC interruption between a DC power source and an electrical input, with a current-carrying mechanical switching contact and a semiconductor electronics connected in parallel, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a separation device for example from DE 10 2005 040 432 A1 known.
  • a DC power source is understood to mean, in particular, a photovoltaic generator (solar system) and an electrical device is understood in particular to be an inverter.
  • a mechanical switch switching contact
  • a galvanic isolation of the electrical device (inverter) from the DC power source (photovoltaic system) is made.
  • the disadvantage is that such mechanical switching contacts are worn very quickly due to the arcing occurring at the contact opening or an additional effort is required to enclose and cool the arc, which is usually done by a corresponding mechanical switch with a Löschkammem.
  • a load breaker electrical connector which has the manner of a hybrid switch a semiconductor switching element in the form of, for example, a thyristor in the housing of the inverter and main and auxiliary contacts, which are connected to photovoltaic modules.
  • the leading in a Aussteckvorgang main contact is connected in parallel to the trailing and connected to the semiconductor switching element in series auxiliary contact. In this case, the semiconductor switching element is driven to avoid arcing or arc extinction by this periodically switched on and off.
  • the invention is based on the object, a particularly suitable separation device for DC interruption between a DC power source, in particular a photovoltaic generator, and an electrical device, in particular an inverter to specify.
  • the circuit breaker suitably comprises a mechanical switching contact suitable for a short-time arc, i. is designed for an arc duration of less than 1 ms, preferably less than or equal to 500 ⁇ s.
  • the mechanical switching contact (switch or separating element) is connected in parallel with semiconductor electronics which comprise a first semiconductor switch, preferably an IGBT, and a second semiconductor switch, preferably a MOSFET.
  • the semiconductor electronics of the circuit breaker according to the invention has no additional energy source and is therefore with a closed mechanical switch current blocking, d. H. high impedance and therefore virtually without current and voltage. Since no current flows through the semiconductor electronics when the mechanical switching contacts are closed and therefore, in particular, no voltage drop occurs across the or each semiconductor switch, the semiconductor circuit also generates no power losses when the mechanical switch is closed. Rather, the semiconductor electronics obtains the energy required for their operation from the separator, d. H. from the circuit breaker system itself. For this purpose, the energy of the resulting when opening the mechanical switch arc is used and used.
  • a control input of the semiconductor electronics or of the semiconductor switch is connected in such a way with the mechanical switching contacts, that at opening switch, the arc voltage across the switch or via its switch contacts and the semiconductor electronics parallel thereto as a result of the electric arc semiconductor electronics, d. H. Low impedance and thus energized switches.
  • the arc current starts to commute from the mechanical switch to the semiconductor electronics.
  • the corresponding arc voltage or the arc current in this case charges an energy store in the form of preferably a capacitor, which discharges in a targeted manner, generating a control voltage for arc-free switching off of the semiconductor electronics.
  • the predetermined period of time or time constant and thus the charging time of the energy storage or capacitor determines the arc duration.
  • a timer is started during which the semiconductor electronics are controlled to block the current in an arc-free manner.
  • the duration of the timer is set to a safe extinguishing and reliable cooling of the arc or -plasmas.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that for a touch-safe and reliable DC interruption designed as a pure two-terminal hybrid separation device can be used when a semiconductor electronics can be used without its own auxiliary power source.
  • This in turn, can be achieved by the fact that the arc energy generated when opening one of the electronics connected in parallel with the electronic switch is used to operate the electronics.
  • the electronics could have an energy storage, the at least one Tei! stores the arc energy, which is then available to the electronics for a certain period of operation, which should be designed to reliably extinguish the arc.
  • the charging time of the energy storage and thus the arc duration is preferably set to less than 1 ms, advantageously to less than or equal to 0.5 ms.
  • this period of time is short enough to reliably prevent unwanted contact erosion of the switching contacts of the mechanical switch.
  • this period of time is long enough to ensure the self-supply of the semiconductor electronics for the subsequent time period determined by the timer, within which the triggering of the electronics from the low-impedance Commutation state in the high-impedance shutdown state (initial state) takes place. After expiry of the timer, it is ensured that the extinguished arc can not occur again even with high-impedance switched electronics. As a result, reliable isolation and DC interruption have already been achieved.
  • a further mechanical circuit breaker is suitably provided, which is connected in series with the parallel circuit of the mechanical switch and the semiconductor electronics.
  • the semiconductor electronics in addition to the preferably designed as an IGBT power or semiconductor switch comprises another power or semiconductor switch, which is preferably designed as a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor).
  • MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor
  • the almost powerless controllable and good blocking behavior with high blocking voltage IGBT is suitably connected in series with the further semiconductor switch (MOSFET) in the manner of a cascode arrangement.
  • the semiconductor switches thus form a commutation path parallel to the main current path formed by the mechanical switch, to which the arc current increasingly commutates with opening of the mechanical switch and as a result of the control of the or each semiconductor switch.
  • the falling during the commutation of the hybrid circuit breaker and thus on the semiconductor electronics arc voltage is between about 15V and 30V.
  • the first semiconductor switch is controlled such that between the two semiconductor switches - that is, almost at a Kaskodenmittenabgriff - sufficient for charging the energy storage voltage in the amount of, for example, 12V (DC) can be tapped.
  • This voltage is used to charge the energy storage and its stored energy, in turn, to drive the semiconductor switches within the semiconductor electronics to turn off the two turn on the semiconductor switch again completely, d. H. to control current blocking.
  • the main path is then galvanically opened and the commutation path parallel thereto has a high impedance, with the consequence that the high DC voltage (permanently) generated by the DC power source is present at, for example, greater than 1000 V (DC) at the hybrid disconnector. Therefore, it must be ensured via the timing element that not only the arc extinguishes, but also the resulting plasma has cooled.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that no external power source or additional auxiliary power for supplying the electronics is required by the use of an autoclave hybrid separation device, the semiconductor electronics, the energy for its own power supply from the arc resulting from the opening of the mechanical switch.
  • the semiconductor electronics is preferably designed as a second pole and high resistance with the mechanical switch closed, so that virtually no power losses occur in normal load operation of the hybrid separator according to the invention.
  • the separating device according to the invention is preferably also provided for DC interruption in the DC voltage range up to 1500V (DC).
  • this self-sufficient, hybrid disconnecting device is therefore particularly suitable for reliable and touch-proof galvanic DC interruption both between a photovoltaic system and one of its associated inverters and in connection with, for example, a fuel cell system or an accumulator (battery).
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a separator 1, which is connected in the embodiment between a photovoltaic generator 2 and an inverter 3.
  • the photovoltaic generator 2 comprises a number of solar modules 4, which are guided parallel to each other to a common generator junction box 5, which serves as a kind of energy collection point.
  • the separating device 1 comprises a switching contact 7, also referred to below as a mechanical switch, and semiconductor electronics 8 connected in parallel therewith.
  • the mechanical switch 7 and the semiconductor electronics 8 form a self-sufficient hybrid disconnecting switch.
  • the negative pole representing return line 9 of the separation device 1 - and thus the overall system - can be connected in a manner not shown another hybrid circuit breaker 7, 8.
  • Both in the plus pole representing the lead line (Hauptfpad) 6 and in the return line 9 can mechanically coupled switch contacts another mechanical separation element 10 for a complete galvanic isolation or DC interruption between the photovoltaic generator 2 and the inverter 3 may be arranged.
  • the semiconductor electronics 8 essentially comprises a semiconductor switch 11, which is connected in parallel to the mechanical switch 7, and a drive circuit 12 with an energy store 13 and with a timer 14.
  • the drive circuit 12 is preferably connected via a resistor or a resistor row R (FIG. Fig. 2 ), connected to the main current path 6.
  • the gate of an IGBT preferably used as a semiconductor switch 11 forms the control input 15 of the semiconductor circuit 8. This control input 15 is guided via the drive circuit 12 to the main current path 6.
  • Fig. 2 shows a comparatively detailed circuit diagram of the mechanical switch 7 in parallel with the electronics 8 of the self-sufficient hybrid disconnector. Visible, the first semiconductor switch (IGBT) 11 a in a cascode arrangement with a second semiconductor switch 11 b connected in series in the form of a MOSFET.
  • the cascode arrangement with the two semiconductor switches 11a, 11b thus forms analogously to Fig. 1 the Komrmut istspfad 16 parallel to the mechanical switch 7 and thus to the main current path 6.
  • the first semiconductor switch 11a between the DC power source 2 and the hybrid circuit breaker 7.8 is guided to the main current path 6.
  • the potential U + is always greater than the potential U - on the opposite side of the switch, at which the second semiconductor switch (MOSFET) 11 b is guided to the main circuit 6.
  • the positive potential U + is 0V when the mechanical switch 7 is closed.
  • the first semiconductor switch (IGBT) 11 a is connected to a freewheeling diode D2.
  • a first Zener diode D3 is the anode side to the potential U - and the cathode side to the gate (control input 15) of the first semiconductor switch (IGBT) 11a connected.
  • Another Zener diode D4 is the cathode side again with the Gate (control input 15) and the anode side connected to the emitter of the first semiconductor switch (IGBT) 11 a.
  • a diode D1 is connected on the anode side, which is connected on the cathode side via a serving as an energy storage capacitor 13 C against the potential U.
  • a plurality of capacitors C form the energy storage 13.
  • Via an anode-side voltage tap 18 between the diode D1 and the energy store 13 or the capacitor C is connected to ohmic resistors R1 and R2 transistor T1 via further resistors R3 and R4 with the again guided to the control input 15 of the semiconductor electronics 8 gate of the second semiconductor switch (MOSFET) 15 connected.
  • Another Zener diode D5 with parallel resistor R5 is the cathode side to the gate and the anode side connected to the emitter of the second semiconductor switch (MOSFET) 11 b.
  • the transistor T1 On the base side, the transistor T1 is driven via a transistor T2, which in turn is connected to the base side via a resistor R6 with the example executed as Monoflopp timer 14. Base-emitter side, the transistor T2 is also connected to a further resistor R7.
  • Fig. 3 shows in a current and voltage time diagram, the course of the switch voltage U and the switch current I of the hybrid circuit breaker 7, 8 temporally before a contact opening of the mechanical switch 7 at time t K and during the period t LB of an arc LB above the switch 7 and whose switch contacts 7a, 7b ( Fig. 2 ) As well as during a particular, predetermined or set period of time t of the timer 14.
  • ZG closed mechanical switch 7 of the main current path 6 is low, while the parallel commutation path 16 of the hybrid circuit breaker 7, 8 has a high impedance and therefore current-off.
  • the one in the left half of the figure Fig. 3 illustrated current waveform represents the current flowing exclusively through the mechanical switch 7 current I to Time t K of the contact opening of the switch contacts 7a and 7b.
  • the opening of the mechanical switch 7 already took place at an unspecified time before the time t K of the contact opening.
  • the in the lower left half of the figure Fig. 3 illustrated switch voltage U is in time before the contact opening time t K practically 0V and increases with the opening of the switch contacts 7a, 7b of the mechanical switch 7 at time t K abruptly to a value characteristic of an arc LB with a typical arc voltage U LB, for example 20V to 30V on.
  • the positive potential U + thus goes against this arc voltage U LB ⁇ 30V when the mechanical switch 7 opens.
  • the arc current I between the main current path 6-that is to say via the mechanical switch 7 -and the commutation path 16-that is, the semiconductor electronics 8, are practically divided.
  • the energy store 13 is charged.
  • the time t LB is set such that, on the one hand, sufficient energy is available for reliably triggering the semiconductor electronics 8, in particular for switching them off during a period t ZG following the time duration t LB representing the arc duration.
  • the time t LB is sufficiently short, so that an undesirable contact erosion or wear of the switch 7 and the switch contacts 7a, 7b is avoided.
  • the resistance R via the resistor R (FIG. Fig. 2 ), the first semiconductor switch (IGBT) 11a at least as far controlled that a sufficient charging voltage and a sufficient arc or charging current for the capacitors C and thus for the energy storage 13 is available.
  • this is done with the corresponding circuit of the first semiconductor switch (IGBT) 11 a
  • U Ab 12 V (DC)
  • the tap voltage U Ab serves to supply the drive circuit 12 of the electronics 8, which is essentially formed by the transistors T1 and T2 and the timer 14 and the energy store 13.
  • the diode D1 connected to the cascode tap 17 and the cathode side to the capacitor C prevents the return flow of the diode D1 Charging current from the capacitors C and the commutation path 16 in the direction of the potential U - .
  • the charge capacitance and thus the storage energy contained in the capacitor C is dimensioned such that the semiconductor electronics 8 carries the switch current I for a time period t ZG predetermined by the timer 14.
  • the dimensioning of this period of time t ZG and thus the definition of the timer 14 depends essentially on the application-specific or typical time periods for a complete extinction of the arc LB and after a sufficient cooling of the case formed plasma.
  • the essential proviso here is that after the shutdown of the electronics 8 with then turn high-impedance commutation 16 and consequently current-blocking semiconductor electronics 8 on the still open mechanical switch 7 or via its switch contacts 7a, 7b no re-arc LB can arise.
  • the positive potential U + thus goes against this operating voltage U B ⁇ 1000V when the commutation path 16 due to the blocking of the semiconductor switch 11 high impedance and thus the electronics 8 is again current blocking.
  • the main current path 6 is galvanically opened at the same time as the high-resistance commutation path 16, an arc-free DC interruption between the DC power source 2 and the electrical device 3 is already established.
  • the connection between the DC power source 2 and the inverter 3 exemplified as the electrical equipment is already reliably disconnected.
  • the mechanical separating element 10 of the separating device 1 can then additionally be opened in a load-free and arc-free manner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP10708895A 2009-03-25 2010-02-02 Trennschalter zur galvanischen gleichstromunterbrechung Active EP2411990B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL10708895T PL2411990T3 (pl) 2009-03-25 2010-02-02 Odłącznik do galwanicznego przerywania prądu stałego

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202009004198U DE202009004198U1 (de) 2009-03-25 2009-03-25 Trennschalter zur galvanischen Gleichstromunterbrechung
PCT/EP2010/000607 WO2010108565A1 (de) 2009-03-25 2010-02-02 Trennschalter zur galvanischen gleichstromunterbrechung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2411990A1 EP2411990A1 (de) 2012-02-01
EP2411990B1 true EP2411990B1 (de) 2013-01-23

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EP10708895A Active EP2411990B1 (de) 2009-03-25 2010-02-02 Trennschalter zur galvanischen gleichstromunterbrechung

Country Status (19)

Country Link
US (1) US8742828B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP2411990B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP5469236B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR101420831B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN102349124B (ru)
AU (1) AU2010227893B2 (ru)
BR (1) BRPI1012338A2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2752895C (ru)
DE (1) DE202009004198U1 (ru)
ES (1) ES2401777T3 (ru)
HR (1) HRP20130321T1 (ru)
IL (1) IL213866A (ru)
PL (1) PL2411990T3 (ru)
PT (1) PT2411990E (ru)
RU (1) RU2482565C2 (ru)
SG (1) SG174124A1 (ru)
TN (1) TN2011000306A1 (ru)
WO (1) WO2010108565A1 (ru)
ZA (1) ZA201103651B (ru)

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HRP20130321T1 (en) 2013-05-31
CA2752895A1 (en) 2010-09-30
EP2411990A1 (de) 2012-02-01
JP5469236B2 (ja) 2014-04-16
BRPI1012338A2 (pt) 2016-03-29
ZA201103651B (en) 2012-01-25
CN102349124B (zh) 2015-01-07
SG174124A1 (en) 2011-10-28
WO2010108565A1 (de) 2010-09-30
PL2411990T3 (pl) 2013-06-28
KR20110129979A (ko) 2011-12-02
RU2011134639A (ru) 2013-04-27
RU2482565C2 (ru) 2013-05-20
CN102349124A (zh) 2012-02-08
US8742828B2 (en) 2014-06-03
PT2411990E (pt) 2013-03-18
IL213866A (en) 2013-04-30
JP2012521620A (ja) 2012-09-13
US20120007657A1 (en) 2012-01-12
TN2011000306A1 (en) 2012-12-17
ES2401777T3 (es) 2013-04-24
IL213866A0 (en) 2011-07-31
CA2752895C (en) 2017-05-16
AU2010227893A1 (en) 2011-07-28
AU2010227893B2 (en) 2015-02-12
KR101420831B1 (ko) 2014-07-18

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