Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H31/02—Details
  • H01H31/026—Movable parts and contacts mounted thereon
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H1/00—Contacts
  • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
  • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
  • H01H1/42—Knife-and-clip contacts
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H31/26—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch
  • H01H31/28—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch with angularly-movable contact

Definitions

• the present invention relates mainly to a conductor for electrical equipment, and in particular to a movable contact for disconnector for transmission and distribution of high voltage electrical energy installations in the open air, and more generally to a switch for transmission installations and distributing high voltage electrical energy in the open air.
• a high voltage substation comprises in particular a set of circuit breakers and disconnectors.
• the disconnector in a substation has a safety function, which is opened after the circuit breaker has been opened, making any intervention on the substation safe.
• the disconnector comprises, in known manner, a movable contact rotated about an axis and a fixed contact. When the disconnector is closed, the movable contact and the fixed contact are in mechanical and electrical contact.
• a high-voltage disconnector of known type comprises in known manner a movable contact about an axis, the latter being substantially horizontal when the disconnector is closed and substantially vertical when the disconnector is open.
• the movable contact is formed by a set of interconnected pieces defining an air gap, in which a fixed contact is housed when the moving contact is moved.
• the parts of the movable contact are fixed to each other by screw-nut assemblies, copper parts to ensure contact are also reported on the parts of the through contacts.
• the particular structure of the fixed contact provides mechanical pinching and electrodynamic pinching of the movable contact by the fixed contact when the moving contact comes into contact therewith.
• EP 0 203 373 discloses a disconnector for medium voltage electrical equipment comprising a fixed contact and a movable contact. As before, the structure of the contacts is relatively complex.
• a conductor for electrical equipment comprising at least one electrically conductive support element and at least two contact elements for electrically contacting, the support element having housings for the contact elements in which the contact elements are introduced by elastically deforming the support element and are maintained in these by releasing the elastic deformation.
• the parts of the conductor intended to come into contact with at least one other contact of the electrical equipment are held by pinching in housings made in a support piece also electrically conductive.
• the inventors have found that a pinch hold was sufficient to make conductors for electrical equipment offering great robustness and the ability to conduct the current required.
• the realization of the conductor according to the present invention then no longer requires screw-nut assemblies or bores. Its structure is very simple. In addition, its cost is reduced.
• This conductor is particularly suitable for producing a movable contact for a disconnector.
• the structure of the support element is such that it facilitates the opening and closing of the grooves to avoid any plastic deformation, allowing easy replacement of the contacts without deterioration of the moving contact.
• the structure of the fixed contact is such that it allows the appearance of a loop effect allowing the occurrence of an electrodynamic pinch phenomenon reinforcing the maintenance by pinching of the contact elements by the support element.
• the main subject of the present invention is therefore a conductor for electrical equipment comprising a first electrically conductive support element with a longitudinal axis and at least two electrical contact elements intended to come into contact, the support element having a recessed cylindrical shape provided on its outer periphery of at least two housings receiving the contact elements, said housings being arranged substantially symmetrically, wherein the contact elements are held in the housing by clamping.
• the section of the support element may be defined by a first and a second arc connected by their ends at the housing, and wherein each housing is formed by a groove extending longitudinally over at least a portion of the length of the housing.
• the support element each groove being delimited by two lateral edges connecting to a bottom, each arc being connected to a lateral edge of each groove, bringing the arcs together towards each other by elastic deformation causing the edges to move away from each other; side of each groove allowing the introduction of the contact elements into the grooves and a distance from the arcs from one another to a return to a substantially undistorted position causing the pinching of the elements of contact in the grooves and their maintenance therein.
• Each lateral edge of a groove is advantageously connected to the bottom of the groove by a thinned zone so as to form an axis of rotation about which the lateral edge will pivot during the application of a force on the arches.
• Each arc advantageously comprises a less rigid median zone surrounded by two more rigid portions, said stiffer portions forming levers pivoting around the thinned connection zone of the lateral edge of the groove to which they are connected.
• the conductor according to the invention may comprise means for transversely stiffening the support element so as to avoid loosening of the nip.
• the means for stiffening are, for example formed by a plate attached to the free end of the support member on the first and second arc so as to immobilize them relative to each other in a pinch position of contact elements.
• each bore is delimited by a pair of longitudinal ribs projecting from the inner edge of an arc, said longitudinal ribs being bent one towards
• a clearance may be provided between the bottom of each groove and the end of the contact element vis-à-vis it contains.
• Reminder means resilient may be disposed in each groove between the bottom and the contact element.
• the support element is for example made by extrusion, for example aluminum alloy.
• the contact elements have, for example, the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped whose ends intended to come into contact with the fixed contact comprise a radius of curvature.
• the conductor may form a movable contact of a disconnector, the support member having a first longitudinal end intended to be articulated on an insulating support, and a second longitudinal end at least at which the grooves are located.
• the present invention also relates to an electrical apparatus comprising at least one conductor according to the present invention, intended to come into contact with at least one contact of the apparatus.
• the conductor can be mobile and cooperate with at least one fixed contact or be fixed and cooperate with at least one moving contact.
• the conductor can be fixed and put in contact two contacts of
• the contact (s) with which the driver comes into contact has (for example) a generally U-shape.
• the electrical equipment according to the present invention may comprise means able to apply a force on each arc tending to bring them closer to each other. allow at least temporary release of the contact elements.
• the conductor can form a movable contact and having at least one fixed contact, the support element being articulated on an insulating support by a first longitudinal end and carrying the contact elements at least at its second longitudinal end intended to come into contact with the at least one fixed contact.
• each branch of the fixed contact is extended by an inwardly folded tab so as to be substantially parallel to the branch of the U to which it is attached, said tab being intended to come into mechanical contact with at least one element of the contact of the mobile contact.
• Returning means are advantageously interposed between the tab and the branch to which it is attached to bias the tab inward towards the moving contact when it is in place.
• FIG. 1 is a front view of an exemplary embodiment of a conductor according to the present invention
• FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the single support element of the conductor of FIG. 1 in the undeformed state
• FIG. 2B is a front view of the single support element of the driver of FIG. 1 in the deformed state
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a front view of a detail of a disconnector in which the conductor according to the present invention can be used,
• FIG. 4A is a side view of an embodiment of a disconnector according to the present invention in the closed position
• FIG. 4B is a side view of the disconnector of FIG. 4A in the open position
• FIGS. 5A and 5B are enlarged views of the right and front side of the disconnector of FIGS. 4A and 4B respectively,
• Figure 6 is an enlarged view of Figure 5B
• Figure 7 is a front view of another embodiment of a conductor according to the present invention.
• the conductor according to the present invention will be described in its implementation in a disconnector. However, it is understood that the conductor according to the present invention can be implemented in any type of electrical equipment in which a conductor is required. In addition, the conductor is described as mobile, but it is understood that a fixed conductor is not beyond the scope of the present invention.
• FIGS. 4A and 4B an example of a disconnector S to which the conductor can be applied can be seen.
• the disconnector is shown in the closed position.
• the disconnector S comprises a movable contact 2 formed by the conductor according to the present invention, two fixed contacts 4 and insulating supports 8, 10.
• the movable contact 2 is hingedly mounted on the insulating support 8, a fixed contact 4 is fixedly mounted on an insulating support 8 and the other fixed contact 4 is fixedly mounted on the support 10.
• the movable contact 2 is pivotable about an axis substantially orthogonal to the plane of the sheet, the moving contact can then move from a substantially horizontal position (position shown in Figure 4A) when the disconnector is in the closed state at a substantially vertical position (position shown in Figure 4B) when the disconnector S is open.
• the insulating support 8 of the movable contact 2 is formed of two columns 8.1, 8.2 supporting the articulation mechanism of the movable contact 2.
• the mechanism for actuating the disconnector is of known type and will not be described in detail.
• it comprises a ribbon spring spiral intended to cause balancing of the disconnector blade.
• the insulating column 8.1 also forms a control rod for controlling the movement of the moving contact.
• the moving contact 2 is electrically connected to the electrical distribution network by a connection 12 symbolized on the left of the disconnector and the fixed contacts 4 are connected to the electrical distribution network by a connection 13 symbolized on the right of the disconnector.
• the disconnector shown in Figures 4A and 4B comprises two fixed contacts 4, each for receiving one end of the movable contact.
• the two fixed contacts 4 being of similar structure, we would describe only one in detail.
• the fixed contact 4 particularly visible in FIGS. 3, 5A and 5B, has substantially a U-shaped section whose two substantially parallel branches are electrically conductive, these two branches defining an air gap in which the mobile contact is positioned when the disconnector is in the closed position, the electrical conduction occurring between the movable contact and the parallel branches.
• the fixed contact 4 will be described in detail in the following description.
• the movable contact 2 comprises a first support element 14 having the shape of a rod articulated by a first longitudinal end 14.1 on the first insulating support 8.
• the support element 14 has a second longitudinal end 14.2 opposite the first end 14.1 provided with 16.1, 16.2 contact elements intended to cooperate with a fixed contact 4.
• the support element 14 also comprises at the first longitudinal end 14.1 contact elements to cooperate with the other fixed contact 4 arranged on the support 8.
• the support element 14 has a cylindrical shape of Y axis with a substantially ellipsoidal cross section.
• the support element comprises housings receiving the contact elements.
• the housings 20, 21 are in the form of two grooves 20, 21 on the outer periphery of the cylinder, aligned on the X axis and arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry P, the grooves being open towards the outside.
• Each groove 20, 21 has two lateral edges 20.1, 20.2 and 21.1, 21.2 respectively, the lateral edge 20.1 connecting to the lateral edge 21.1 by an arc portion 22 and the lateral edge 20.2 connecting to the lateral edge 21.2 by an arc portion 23.
• the grooves 20, 21 extend over the entire length of the support member 14.
• This structure allows a simple embodiment by extrusion, and a cut to the desired length.
• this embodiment makes it possible to have a substantially constant conducting section.
• the contact elements 16.1, 16.2 are arranged in the grooves 20, 21 and are held by gripping between the edges 20.1, 20.2 and 21.1, 21.2, at the level of a first end, their second end extending out of the grooves.
• the grooves 20, 21 have a U-shaped cross section substantially corresponding to the outer profile of the contact elements and ensuring the maintenance thereof as we will see later.
• the contact elements 16.1, 16.2 bear against the bottom of the grooves.
• the contact elements 16 are advantageously flat and have a radius of curvature at the ends penetrating into the grooves and ends intended to come into contact with the fixed contact, these ends extending out of the grooves. We will now explain how such a pinch is obtained.
• the grooves 20, 21 tend to open, ie the edges 20.1, 20.2 and 21.1, 21.2 deviate from each other respectively.
• the opening of the grooves 20, 21 is symbolized by the angles ⁇ .
• the contact elements 16.1, 16.2 are then introduced into the grooves 20, 21.
• Fl is then released on the arches 22, 23, the grooves tend to return to their original shape, the edges 20.1, 20.2 and 21.1, 21.2 then approach each other respectively.
• the contact elements having a transverse dimension slightly greater than that of the grooves receiving them, the grooves do not resume their initial configuration, a reaction stress F2 is then exerted on the contact elements 16 so as to pinch them and to immobilize them inside the grooves.
• the contact elements are then secured to the support member 14 and this without using screw-nut assemblies or any other fastening mechanism.
• the F2 efforts thus obtained can reach several thousand Newtons.
• Fl is for example of the order of 7000N.
• the lateral edges 20.1, 20.2, 21.1, 21.1 substantially perform a rotational movement around pivot axes designated Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 respectively.
• Each axis Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 is located substantially at the junction between a lateral edge and the bottom of the corresponding groove.
• the rotational movement of the lateral edges is advantageously facilitated by providing a thinning of the material at the junction between the side edge and the associated bottom.
• arches 22, 23 are advantageously provided with a central zone 22.1, 23.1 thinned so as to facilitate the elastic deformation thereof.
• Figure 2B we can see the support member 14 in a deformed state, the two parts of each arc on either side of the thinned central portion 22.1, 23.1 pivoted relative to the central portion.
• Each arc portion then functions as an independent rigid lever associated with a side edge of a groove.
• the values of the deformations applied to the support element are limited to the elastic deformation domain of the support element so as to have a reversible deformation of the grooves.
• the contact elements can be mounted and dismounted without deterioration of the mechanical properties of the support element.
• the contact elements can suffer a wear by micro switching of the induced potentials in the de-energized lines by the proximity of the live lines, or wear due to the number of operations performed.
• the removal of the contact elements is obtained by applying again a force F1 on the two arcs 22, 23 so as to bring them closer, causing the opening of the grooves, the contact elements can then be removed.
• Means 24 for freezing the configuration of the cross-section of the support element are also provided, eliminating any risk that the contact elements may escape from the grooves when a force F is applied. accidental on the support element.
• These means are formed, in the example shown, by a plate 26 fixed on the free end of the support element on both the upper arc and the lower arc so as to immobilize them relative to each other. to the other in the pinch position of the contact elements.
• the plate 26 is rectangular and is fixed at its four corners by four screws 27 to the two arches 22, 23.
• the screws 27 are advantageously self-tapping screws, simplifying the production of the support and bores 28 .
• Each of the arcs comprises two bores 28 to receive the screws 27.
• the bores 28 are partially delimited by two longitudinal ribs projecting from the inner edge of the support element, curved towards one another. This shape allows the simple realization of the bores directly during the extrusion manufacturing of the support element. In addition, a material gain is obtained. But it is understood that one could achieve these bores by machining the support member.
• the plate blocks deformation of the support member, and also provides electrical transfer to the priming horns 31 or two-electrode spark gaps during rotation of the support member for the residual currents.
• stop means along the Y axis so as to limit the recoil movement of the support member 14 during the short circuit. These means are formed by the curved end 36.1 of the movable beam 36 of the movable contact, able to abut against the spark gaps 31.
• the fixed contact 4 comprises a first U-shaped part 30, this part being fixed on the insulating support by its bottom 30.1, this part 30 comprises two substantially parallel branches 30, 2, 30, between which the mobile contact 2 is positioned.
• Each branch 30.2, 30.3 is extended by a tab 32.2, 32.3 folded inwards and intended to come into contact with a contact element 16.12, 16.1 of the movable contact 2.
• Elastic means 34 are advantageously provided between the tab 32.1, 32.3 and the branch 30.2, 30.3 respectively pushing the tab 32.1, 32.3 inwards, improving the electrical contact between the tab and the associated contact element .
• the tabs 32.2, 32.3 are reported by screwing on the branches 30.2, 30.3 respectively.
• the parts 30.2, 30.3 will be doubled so that the looping effect tends to push the tabs 32.2, 32.3 towards the moving contact without folding the branches 302, 30.3 rearwardly, which would reduce the contact pressure. .
• the fixed contact 4 has four branches on one side and on the other hand, the movable contact 2 comprises two contact elements 16.1 and 16.2 on each side associated with each of the branches.
• the movable contact then comprises two contact elements whose length makes it possible to cover about six contact fingers in case of displacement by the short circuit along the Y axis, and the fixed contact comprises four U-shaped parts. It is understood that fixed contacts comprising another number of pairs of contacts are not outside the scope of the present invention.
• the support element is for example made of aluminum alloys, advantageously by extrusion.
• the contact elements 16 and the tabs are for example silver-plated copper, the branches of the U are for example also made of aluminum alloys.
• l c is the total circuit length of a conductor
• I 1 is the length of a straight elementary section of the circuit of a conductor
• f x is the force of mutual attraction of two parallel elementary sections (I 1 and f ⁇ correspond to dl and df respectively for an elementary section).
• the forces F 3 for pinching and blocking the moving contact in the gap of the fixed contact which are dynamic forces in that they occur only in the presence of a short circuit, are all the more important. that the short-circuit current flowing in the contacts is high. It is therefore understood that after closure of the disconnector according to the invention, the maximum contact force between the fixed contact and the movable contact is provided only during a short circuit.
• a horizontal abutment for the movable contact is also provided between the two electrodes of the spark gap 31.
• the operation of the disconnector according to the present invention is similar to that of a disconnector of known type and will not be described in detail.
• the moving contact is rigid, ie it does not deform under the application of constraints during the operation of the disconnector and the fixed contact is conformable, ie it is able to deform to adapt to the dimension of the moving contact during operation.
• This ability to deform is obtained thanks to the flexible tabs and the return springs.
• the size of the air gap increases when the moving contact enters the fixed contact and adapts to the transverse dimension of the moving contact, the electrical contact thus obtained is of very good quality.
• it is the movable contact that is able to deform, in particular that is capable of modifying its transverse dimension, i.e. the distance separating the two ends of the contact elements oriented radially outwards.
• a clearance J is provided between the bottom of the groove and the end of the contact element vis-à-vis.
• the transverse dimension D of the conductor can then be modified and can be adapted as a function of the dimension of the fixed contact.
• an elastic return means 38 coil spring type, may be disposed between the bottom of the groove and the contact element to apply a force tending to bring the contact element out of the groove.
• Retaining means (not shown) are advantageously provided to prevent the contact element from emerging entirely from the groove.
• the disconnector When the disconnector is open, it can be provided to apply the efforts F1 again to allow the contact elements to slide outwardly under the effect of the return means. To achieve such a conformation, it is also possible to deform the section of the support element in the direction of the contact elements by crushing, similar to the efforts F3. In this case, the adaptation of the movable contact to the dimension of the fixed contact also ensures a confirmation of the pinch since the crushing causes an increase of the forces F2.
• the deformability of the moving contact makes it possible to simplify the fixed contact.
• the means capable of applying the forces F1 can be provided at the level of the means holding the support element in its pinch configuration of the contact elements.
• the conductor according to the present invention can be implemented in any type of electrical equipment to provide intermittent or continuous electrical contact. This can be set up in electrical equipment and then no longer moved. In this configuration, the conformability of the driver is particularly interesting. geometry of the driver definitively adapting to those of the elements with which it is connected.
• the conductor may comprise contact elements at its two longitudinal ends, the contact elements of one end being in contact with a part of the electrical equipment. electrical equipment and the elements of the other longitudinal end being in contact with the other part of the electrical equipment.
• the current flows in the longitudinal direction from one longitudinal end to another.
• the presence of the grooves along the entire length of the support element is particularly advantageous.
• the conductor may also be implemented so that current flows from a contact element to the opposed contact element through the support member. It is understood that in the case where the conductor is mobile, the present invention is not limited to a movable contact in rotation, but also applies to a movable contact in translation and to a movable contact in translation and / or rotation.
• a conductor according to the present invention may comprise more than two contact elements.
• the electrical apparatus according to the present invention is thus of simplified embodiment compared with those of the state of the art, in particular the disconnectors. Furthermore, the assembly and disassembly of the contact elements are simplified.

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• Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
• Contacts (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-03-20 FR FR0951812A patent/FR2943451B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-03-18 WO PCT/EP2010/053517 patent/WO2010106126A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-03-18 CA CA2754611A patent/CA2754611C/fr active Active
  • 2010-03-18 EP EP10709216.5A patent/EP2409310B1/de not_active Not-in-force

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