EP2395402A1 - High frequency balance wheel for timepiece - Google Patents
High frequency balance wheel for timepiece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2395402A1 EP2395402A1 EP10165704A EP10165704A EP2395402A1 EP 2395402 A1 EP2395402 A1 EP 2395402A1 EP 10165704 A EP10165704 A EP 10165704A EP 10165704 A EP10165704 A EP 10165704A EP 2395402 A1 EP2395402 A1 EP 2395402A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- balance
- serge
- feeder
- plane
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
- G04B17/063—Balance construction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
- G04B18/006—Mechanisms for setting frequency by adjusting the devices fixed on the balance
Definitions
- the invention relates to a balance wheel for a timepiece, with inertia adjustment for adjusting its oscillation frequency, comprising a hub arranged to cooperate with a balance shaft perpendicular to a balance plane, and a continuous or discontinuous peripheral serge. , connected to said hub by at least one junction surface, said rocker further comprising at least one flyweight, said at least one flyweight being attached to said serge in a housing that comprises the periphery of said serge for its reception.
- the invention also comprises a balance spring incorporating such a balance.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece incorporating such a sprung balance or such a balance.
- the invention relates to the field of regulating organs for timepieces, and particularly the balance or the balance spring.
- the accuracy of the calibres depends on the quality of their regulating organ, and the obtaining of very high oscillation frequencies, for example of 10 Hz, to be compared to the usual frequencies of 2.5 to 4 Hz, can only be obtained with the design of suitable regulating members, particularly with regard to the pendulum.
- the energy to be provided, in the form of elastic torque of the spiral, for the maintenance of the oscillation is proportional to the product, on the one hand of the inertia of the balance around its axis of rotation, by the square frequency on the other hand.
- the passage of a frequency from 4 Hz to 10 Hz results in about the division by 6 of the inertia.
- a pendulum inertia of 12 mg.cm 2 is considered good, such a pendulum conventionally having a diameter of 9 to 10 mm.
- a balance for use at 10 Hz must have a low value inertia, especially less than 2 mg.cm 2 .
- a rocker for use at 10 Hz must still, for optimal operation, be of minimum mass, especially less than 30 mg, so as to reduce friction in the bearings, so as to avoid disturbances of isochronism in the different positions of use.
- the inventive step consisted in creating the conditions of a balance structure, including the hub, the serge, and the connections between these two components as light as possible, moving away as much as possible from the hub of the masses of density if possible of this structure.
- said at least one flyweight comprises a first portion comprising said guide means, and a second portion constituted by a regulating screw, of which a thread, or respectively a tapping, cooperates with a thread, respectively a thread. , which includes the said first part, and said thread, or said tapping respectively, does not cooperate with said serge or with said junction surface.
- said serge is made integrally with said junction surface and said hub in a micro-machinable material or in silicon or in liga or quartz.
- each of said portions of said at least one feeder is made of a material, which is a heavy metal or beryllium bronze or gold or platinum or tantalum or molybdenum, or one of their alloys.
- the invention also comprises a balance spring incorporating at least one such balance.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece incorporating at least one such sprung balance or at least one such balance.
- the preferred use of silicon makes it possible to obtain a beam structure that is both very light and very rigid, which can be dimpled in the junction zone between the hub and the serge.
- the transfer to the periphery of flyweights equipped with screws is favorable to obtaining a properly sized inertia despite the very low total mass of the balance.
- the adjustment and balancing functions are ensured and facilitated.
- the choice of a particular pair of materials, namely CuBe for a first feeder portion said stud inserted in a housing of the serge, and gold alloy for the adjusting screw screwed into this stud ensures, despite the very small dimensioning of this screw, a tightening torque ensuring its maintenance, without risk of breakage.
- Such a pendulum is perfectly suitable for good operation at the frequency of 10 Hz, and even more so, since its dimensioning in diameter, in the following example of a preferred embodiment, is greater than or equal to the usual diameter of a pendulum . It is therefore possible to reduce its diameter, and thus further reduce its mass and inertia, for frequencies greater than 10 Hz.
- the invention relates to the field of regulating organs for timepieces, and particularly the balance or the balance spring.
- the invention is particularly directed to the production of pendulums for high oscillation frequencies, 10 Hz or more.
- the invention relates to a pendulum 1 for a timepiece, with inertia adjustment for adjusting its oscillation frequency, comprising a hub 2 arranged to cooperate with a balance shaft 3 perpendicular to a balance plane 4, and a serge peripheral 5 continuous or discontinuous.
- This serge 5 can indeed be discontinuous in the context of a search for relief.
- the exemplary embodiments of the figures show a continuous serge, which offers the advantage of good rigidity and good aerodynamics, and which limits the localized flexions by preventing any warping of the balance.
- This serge 5 is connected to the hub 2 by at least one junction surface 6, which may be constituted by a continuous surface such as a perforated disc or not, or by one or more arms 22.
- the preparation of a junction surface 6 perforated in particular with cutouts, crossing or not, between longitudinal members ensuring a good triangulation, makes it possible to further reduce the weight of the balance.
- the figure 14 shows an exemplary embodiment with an arm 22 comprising such a perforated structure, in a mixed manner, with, separated by ribs 30, pockets 29 passing through the entire thickness of the joining surface 6, in particular of the arm 22, or and blind pockets 31, not through, on only a part of the thickness of the junction surface 6, in particular of the arm 22, for example a third, each separate another similar blind pocket located on the other side of the arm 22 by a canvas of comparable thickness.
- the good triangulation carried out allows a sensible economy of mass, a conventional finite element calculation makes it possible to determine the longitudinal members 30 which are essential for the mechanical strength and the resistance to twisting.
- the annular portion of the serge 5 can also be perforated similarly. It is the same if it is preferred a continuous junction surface 6 such as a disk or the like.
- This balance 1 also comprises at least one flyweight 7.
- a flyweight 7 is attached to or in the serge 5 in a housing 8 that includes the periphery of the serge 5 for its reception.
- Such a weight 7 and comprises a first portion 10 comprising the guide means 9 and said pad, and a second portion 11 preferably constituted by a set screw 12, a thread, or respectively a thread, cooperates with a tapping, respectively a thread, which comprises the first part 10, and whose thread, or respectively the tapping, is remote from the serge 5 or the junction surface 6.
- the guide means 9 and the complementary guide means 9A are linear.
- the guide means 9 and the complementary guide means 9A are circular.
- the holding means 13 are constituted by resilient holding means, these are constituted by clipping means 14 that comprises this feeder 7, and which are arranged to cooperate elastically with complementary clipping means 14A that includes serge 5.
- the assembly by clipping is irreversible.
- the elastic holding means are constituted by at least one elastic lip 15 that comprises the flyweight 7 or the housing 8.
- This lip elastic member 15 is arranged to bend in a compression position during a first insertion stroke of the weight 7 into the housing 8 and to allow this introduction, and to relax in an expansion position in a recess 16 which respectively comprises the housing 8 or the flyweight 7, in a service position or in a second regulating race of this flyweight 7, this second regulating race following the first insertion race.
- This elastic lip 15 has a stop surface 17 arranged to abut, when the lip 15 is in this detent position, with a complementary stop surface 17A arranged in return that comprises the housing 8 or the weight 7.
- screwing or unscrewing the adjusting screw 12 brings closer or moves away, or conversely, one end of this adjusting screw 12 of the serge 5, the first portion 10 or pad of the feeder 7 being immobile in translation.
- the stud has the main function of the support of the adjusting screw 12, and can therefore be reduced to its simplest expression screw insert.
- the screwing or unscrewing of the adjusting screw 12 brings closer or moves away, or vice versa, an end of this feeder 7 carrying this screw 12, in particular the stud 10 carrying the screw 12, the serge 5, this adjusting screw 12 being motionless in translation.
- the adjusting screw 12 has a shoulder 18, respectively a groove, arranged to cooperate in a complementary manner with a groove 19, respectively a shoulder, that includes the serge 5.
- the rocker 1 comprises blind clearance means 20 on the hub 2 side.
- These release means 20 are arranged to allow the insertion of this flyweight 7 towards the hub 2, then placing in position the adjusting screw 12, or adjusting screws 12 if there are several, by cooperation between the shoulder 18 and the groove 19.
- This adjusting screw 12 is then further away from the hub 2 than the flyweight 7 with which it is a captive assembly when they are connected by a thread, respectively tapping one, cooperating with a thread, respectively a thread of the other.
- the stud 10 has an H-shaped profile arranged to cooperate with a straight notch 21 that includes the serge 5.
- this notch 21 is radial with respect to the hub 2.
- the stud 10 comprises a cylindrical profile arranged to cooperate with a cylindrical bore of the housing 8 of said serge 5.
- the stud 10 has a profile with a right outer toothing, which is arranged to cooperate with a right internal toothing that includes the housing 8 of the serge 5.
- the adjusting screw 12 is radial with respect to the hub 2.
- the weight 7 comprises at least two adjusting screws of inertia 12.
- the rocker 1 comprises at least two weights 7A, 7B, each attached to the serge 5 in a housing 8A, 8B, which comprises the periphery of the serge 5 for its reception.
- These weights 7A, 7B each comprise guide means complementary to complementary guide means that includes the housing 8A, 8B, and each comprise at least two portions 10, 11 adjustable in translation one by relative to the other in a plane parallel to the plane 4 of the balance 1, and each of these parts 10, 11 of each of these weights 7A, 7B is made of a material which is denser than a first material constituting the serge 5.
- flyweights 7A, 7B are symmetrical in pairs with respect to a plane passing through the hub 2 and the balance shaft 3.
- weights 7A, 7B are symmetrical two by two with respect to said hub 2.
- the weights 7 are four in number, arranged along two perpendicular axes passing through the hub 2 and in the plane 4 of the balance.
- the 4 associated adjusting screws 12 allow all the angular possibilities of unbalance creation. The case where several adjusting screws are embedded on the same pad gives even more adjustment latitude.
- the first feeder portion 10 said pad is dimensionally stable.
- each flyweight 7, and in particular each movable portion 11 feeder or adjusting screw 12 is set back from a circle circumscribed in the serge 5, in any relative position of the parts that constitute this flyweight.
- the serge 5 may comprise one or more cutouts 23, peripheral as on the figure 4 or on the inner part of the serge 5 in another embodiment not shown in the figures.
- the joining surface consists of at least one arm 22. Thanks to the use of a silicon technology, such an arm can adopt any profile, in particular a curve, or other . It may also include lightenings, through or not, for example in the form of triangular pockets, which ensure the rigidity while allowing a significant weight loss.
- the figures represent even-numbered versions of arms diametrically opposed two by two.
- the periphery of the serge 5 comprises an alternation of surfaces which are all rigid: T-shaped joining surfaces 24 between arms 22 and serge 5 on the one hand, and surfaces of reinforced support 25 comprising the housing 8 to receive the weights 7 on the other hand.
- a counterweight 7 is implanted in the alignment of certain arms 22, or even in the alignment of each arm 22, as in the second variant of FIG. figure 2 , or the third variant of the figure 4 and the reinforced joining zone of the arms 22 to the serge 5 may comprise a notch 21, which is functional or which constitutes a relief.
- Balance balancing is an important operation, for which we seek a high balancing accuracy, of the order of one microgram x cm.
- weights that includes the balance 1 are weights 7 in two parts 10 and 11 as described above.
- the serge 5 is made integrally with the junction surface 6 and the hub 2 in silicon preferably, or a micro-machinable material, or in quartz, or according to the LIGA method .
- each of the portions 10, 11, of each weight 7 is made of a material, which is a heavy metal, or beryllium bronze, or gold or platinum or tantalum or molybdenum, or a their oxides or their nitrides, or one of their alloys, or one of the complexes developed on their bases.
- the second portion 11 is a control screw 12
- this pair of materials consists of beryllium bronze of CuBe type on the one hand, and a gold alloy, at least 14 karat, on the other hand.
- the stud 10 is beryllium bronze CuBe type and the adjusting screw 12 is made of gold alloy.
- the mass and reduced inertia of the balance according to the invention allow the manufacture of a lower diameter of the pivot of 30 to 40% relative to the usual pivots, which has a very large influence on the level of friction.
- the three variants presented are conjugated to a pivot with a diameter of approximately 0.05 mm.
- the unbalance of the weights 7 is decomposed between an unbalance part which is fixed, and a part of the unbalance which is movable and serves as an adjustment.
- the studs 10 constitute the regulating part of the unbalance, and the screws 12 are fixed in translation and constitute the fixed part of the unbalance.
- the studs 10 constitute the fixed part of the unbalance, and the screws 12 constitute the regulating part.
- the regulating part is always of the same value.
- the inertia of the regulating portion is close to 0.25 mg.cm 2 .
- the quality factor measured is close to 500 for the three variants. This quality factor is obtained by the combination of a silicon balance spring and a balance according to the invention.
- this high quality factor and, on the other hand, the adjustment and adjustment possibilities offered by the studs 10 and the adjusting screws 12, which, in addition to their own adjustment functions, fulfill a new function. , which is to serve as a machining platform for adding or removing material in the balancing and tuning adjustment operations, allows the elimination of the racking.
- the adjustment and adjustment of the balance are very precise, and allow the balance to be used in a high frequency oscillator, 10 Hz or more.
- the design of the balance allows a very precise adjustment of the oscillation frequency of the sprung balance in which it is integrated.
- the invention also comprises a sprung balance incorporating at least one such balance 1 according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece incorporating at least one such sprung balance or at least one such rocker 1.
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un balancier pour pièce d'horlogerie, à réglage d'inertie pour ajuster sa fréquence d'oscillation, comportant un moyeu agencé pour coopérer avec un axe de balancier perpendiculaire à un plan de balancier, et une serge périphérique continue ou discontinue, reliée audit moyeu par au moins une surface de jonction, ledit balancier comportant encore au moins une masselotte d'inertie, ladite au moins une masselotte étant rapportée sur ladite serge dans un logement que comporte la périphérie de ladite serge pour sa réception.The invention relates to a balance wheel for a timepiece, with inertia adjustment for adjusting its oscillation frequency, comprising a hub arranged to cooperate with a balance shaft perpendicular to a balance plane, and a continuous or discontinuous peripheral serge. , connected to said hub by at least one junction surface, said rocker further comprising at least one flyweight, said at least one flyweight being attached to said serge in a housing that comprises the periphery of said serge for its reception.
L'invention comporte encore un balancier-spiral incorporant un tel balancier.The invention also comprises a balance spring incorporating such a balance.
L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie incorporant un tel balancier-spiral ou un tel balancier.The invention also relates to a timepiece incorporating such a sprung balance or such a balance.
L'invention concerne le domaine des organes réglants pour pièces d'horlogerie, et tout particulièrement le balancier ou le balancier-spiral.The invention relates to the field of regulating organs for timepieces, and particularly the balance or the balance spring.
La précision des calibres dépend de la qualité de leur organe réglant, et l'obtention de fréquences d'oscillation très élevées, par exemple de 10 Hz, à comparer aux fréquences usuelles de 2,5 à 4 Hz, ne peut être obtenue qu'avec la conception d'organes réglants adaptés, en particulier en ce qui concerne le balancier.The accuracy of the calibres depends on the quality of their regulating organ, and the obtaining of very high oscillation frequencies, for example of 10 Hz, to be compared to the usual frequencies of 2.5 to 4 Hz, can only be obtained with the design of suitable regulating members, particularly with regard to the pendulum.
En effet, l'énergie à fournir, sous forme de couple élastique du spiral, pour l'entretien de l'oscillation est proportionnelle au produit, d'une part de l'inertie du balancier autour de son axe de pivotement, par le carré de la fréquence d'autre part. Ainsi, par exemple, à énergie égale, le passage d'une fréquence de 4 Hz à 10 Hz entraîne environ la division par 6 de l'inertie. Pour une fréquence de 4 Hz, une inertie du balancier de 12 mg.cm2 est considérée comme bonne, un tel balancier ayant classiquement un diamètre de 9 à 10 mm. Ainsi, un balancier pour une utilisation à 10 Hz doit avoir une inertie de faible valeur, notamment inférieure à 2 mg.cm2.Indeed, the energy to be provided, in the form of elastic torque of the spiral, for the maintenance of the oscillation is proportional to the product, on the one hand of the inertia of the balance around its axis of rotation, by the square frequency on the other hand. Thus, for example, at equal energy, the passage of a frequency from 4 Hz to 10 Hz results in about the division by 6 of the inertia. For a frequency of 4 Hz, a pendulum inertia of 12 mg.cm 2 is considered good, such a pendulum conventionally having a diameter of 9 to 10 mm. Thus, a balance for use at 10 Hz must have a low value inertia, especially less than 2 mg.cm 2 .
Un balancier pour une utilisation à 10 Hz doit encore, pour un fonctionnement optimal, être de masse minimale, notamment inférieure à 30 mg, de façon à réduire les frottements dans les paliers, de façon à éviter les perturbations de l'isochronisme dans les différentes positions d'utilisation.A rocker for use at 10 Hz must still, for optimal operation, be of minimum mass, especially less than 30 mg, so as to reduce friction in the bearings, so as to avoid disturbances of isochronism in the different positions of use.
Tout en étant de masse et d'inertie faible, le balancier d'un oscillateur à haute fréquence doit, encore, permettre le réglage du balourd et un parfait équilibrage, statique comme dynamique, et sa construction doit autoriser des opérations de réglage ou/et d'ajustement. Il n'est donc pas possible d'utiliser les technologies classiques, ni même des solutions de balanciers allégés tels que des balanciers avec serge à rayons telle que décrite par le brevet
Il est également recherché un facteur de qualité de l'ordre de 500, donc nettement supérieur à ceux des oscillateurs traditionnels où il est voisin de 220 à 280 pour des montres de bonne qualité. Un tel facteur de qualité ne peut s'obtenir que par la conjugaison d'un spiral silicium et d'un balancier remplissant les conditions ci-dessus. L'obtention d'un facteur de qualité élevé, conjuguée à des possibilités de réglage et d'ajustement, doivent, encore, permettre l'élimination de la raquetterie.It is also sought a quality factor of the order of 500, so significantly higher than those of traditional oscillators where it is close to 220 to 280 for good quality watches. Such a quality factor can only be obtained by the combination of a silicon balance spring and a balance fulfilling the above conditions. Obtaining a high quality factor, combined with adjustment and adjustment possibilities, must, again, allow the elimination of the raquetterie.
Naturellement, la masse de l'ensemble étant limitée, le nombre de composants le plus réduit possible est à privilégier.Naturally, the mass of the assembly being limited, the number of components as small as possible is to be preferred.
La démarche inventive a consisté à créer les conditions d'une structure de balancier, incluant le moyeu, la serge, et les liaisons entre ces deux composants la plus légère possible, en éloignant au maximum du moyeu des masses de densité si possible supérieure à celle de cette structure.The inventive step consisted in creating the conditions of a balance structure, including the hub, the serge, and the connections between these two components as light as possible, moving away as much as possible from the hub of the masses of density if possible of this structure.
A cet effet l'invention concerne un balancier pour pièce d'horlogerie, à réglage d'inertie pour ajuster sa fréquence d'oscillation, comportant un moyeu agencé pour coopérer avec un axe de balancier perpendiculaire à un plan de balancier, et une serge périphérique continue ou discontinue, reliée audit moyeu par au moins une surface de jonction, ledit balancier comportant encore au moins une masselotte d'inertie, ladite au moins une masselotte étant rapportée sur ladite serge dans un logement que comporte la périphérie de ladite serge pour sa réception, caractérisé en ce que :
- ladite au moins une masselotte comporte des moyens de guidage de profil complémentaire à des moyens de guidage complémentaires que comporte ledit logement;
- chaque dite au moins une masselotte comporte au moins deux parties réglables en translation l'une par rapport à l'autre dans un plan parallèle audit plan dudit balancier, et dont l'une desdites parties est immobile en translation par rapport à ladite serge,
- chacune desdites parties de ladite au moins une masselotte est réalisée en un matériau qui est plus dense qu'un premier matériau constitutif de ladite serge.
- said at least one flyweight comprises profile guide means complementary to complementary guide means that includes said housing;
- each said at least one flyweight comprises at least two parts adjustable in translation relative to each other in a plane parallel to said plane of said balance, and one of said parts is immobile in translation relative to said serge,
- each of said portions of said at least one feeder is made of a material which is denser than a first material constituting said serge.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, ladite au moins une masselotte comporte une première partie comportant lesdits moyens de guidage, et une deuxième partie constituée par une vis réglante, dont un filetage, ou respectivement un taraudage, coopère avec un taraudage, respectivement un filetage, que comporte ladite première partie, et dont ledit filetage, ou respectivement ledit taraudage, ne coopère pas avec ladite serge ni avec ladite surface de jonction.According to one characteristic of the invention, said at least one flyweight comprises a first portion comprising said guide means, and a second portion constituted by a regulating screw, of which a thread, or respectively a tapping, cooperates with a thread, respectively a thread. , which includes the said first part, and said thread, or said tapping respectively, does not cooperate with said serge or with said junction surface.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ladite serge est réalisée de façon monobloc avec ladite surface de jonction et ledit moyeu dans un matériau micro-usinable ou en silicium ou en liga ou en quartz.According to another characteristic of the invention, said serge is made integrally with said junction surface and said hub in a micro-machinable material or in silicon or in liga or quartz.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, chacune desdites parties de ladite au moins une masselotte est réalisée en un matériau, qui est un métal lourd ou du bronze au béryllium ou de l'or ou du platine ou du tantale ou du molybdène, ou un de leurs alliages.According to another characteristic of the invention, each of said portions of said at least one feeder is made of a material, which is a heavy metal or beryllium bronze or gold or platinum or tantalum or molybdenum, or one of their alloys.
L'invention comporte encore un balancier-spiral incorporant au moins un tel balancier.The invention also comprises a balance spring incorporating at least one such balance.
L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie incorporant au moins un tel balancier-spiral ou au moins un tel balancier.The invention also relates to a timepiece incorporating at least one such sprung balance or at least one such balance.
L'emploi préféré du silicium permet d'obtenir une structure de balancier à la fois très légère et très rigide, qui peut être alvéolée dans la zone de jonction entre le moyeu et la serge. Le report en périphérie de masselottes équipées de vis est favorable à l'obtention d'une inertie correctement dimensionnée malgré la très faible masse totale du balancier. Les fonctionnalités de réglage et d'équilibrage sont assurées et facilitées. Le choix d'un couple de matériaux particulier, à savoir CuBe pour une première partie de masselotte dite plot insérée dans un logement de la serge, et alliage d'or pour la vis réglante vissée dans ce plot permet d'assurer, malgré le très petit dimensionnement de cette vis, un couple de serrage assurant son maintien, sans risque de casse.The preferred use of silicon makes it possible to obtain a beam structure that is both very light and very rigid, which can be dimpled in the junction zone between the hub and the serge. The transfer to the periphery of flyweights equipped with screws is favorable to obtaining a properly sized inertia despite the very low total mass of the balance. The adjustment and balancing functions are ensured and facilitated. The choice of a particular pair of materials, namely CuBe for a first feeder portion said stud inserted in a housing of the serge, and gold alloy for the adjusting screw screwed into this stud ensures, despite the very small dimensioning of this screw, a tightening torque ensuring its maintenance, without risk of breakage.
Un tel balancier est parfaitement approprié pour un bon fonctionnement à la fréquence de 10 Hz, et même davantage, puisque son dimensionnement en diamètre, dans l'exemple qui suit d'une réalisation préférée, est supérieur ou égal au diamètre usuel d'un balancier. Il est donc envisageable de réduire son diamètre, et donc de réduire encore sa masse et son inertie, pour des fréquences supérieures à 10 Hz.Such a pendulum is perfectly suitable for good operation at the frequency of 10 Hz, and even more so, since its dimensioning in diameter, in the following example of a preferred embodiment, is greater than or equal to the usual diameter of a pendulum . It is therefore possible to reduce its diameter, and thus further reduce its mass and inertia, for frequencies greater than 10 Hz.
D'autres avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, en référence aux figures annexées où :
- la
figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée et en perspective, une première variante d'un balancier selon l'invention ; - la
figure 2 représente, de façon analogue à lafigure 1 , une deuxième variante de l'invention, - la
figure 3 représente, de façon schématisée et en perspective, un détail de lafigure 2 mettant en évidence une masselotte d'inertie ; - la
figure 4 représente, de façon analogue à lafigure 1 , une troisième variante de l'invention, - la
figure 5 représente, de façon analogue à lafigure 3 , un détail de lafigure 4 ; - la
figure 6 représente, de façon schématisée et en vue de face, la deuxième variante objet de lafigure 2 ; - la
figure 7 représente, de façon schématisée, une section selon le plan AA de lafigure 6 ; - la
figure 8 représente, de façon schématisée, une section selon le plan BB de lafigure 6 ; - la
figure 9 représente, de façon schématisée et en vue de face, la troisième variante objet de lafigure 4 ; - la
figure 10 représente, de façon schématisée, une section selon le plan AA de lafigure 9 ; - la
figure 11 représente, de façon schématisée, une section selon le plan BB de lafigure 9 ; - la
figure 12 représente, de façon schématisée et en section dans un plan médian, un détail d'une réalisation particulière de l'invention ; - la
figure 13 représente, de façon analogue à lafigure 12 , un détail d'une autre réalisation particulière de l'invention ; - la
figure 14 représente, de façon schématisée, partielle et en vue de face, un détail d'un balancier selon l'invention comportant une zone de jonction ajourée entre le moyeu et la serge.
- the
figure 1 represents, schematically and in perspective, a first variant of a balance according to the invention; - the
figure 2 represents, in a similar way tofigure 1 a second variant of the invention, - the
figure 3 represents, schematically and in perspective, a detail of thefigure 2 highlighting a flyweight of inertia; - the
figure 4 represents, in a similar way tofigure 1 a third variant of the invention, - the
figure 5 represents, in a similar way tofigure 3 , a detail of thefigure 4 ; - the
figure 6 represents, schematically and in front view, the second variant object of thefigure 2 ; - the
figure 7 schematically represents a section according to the plane AA of thefigure 6 ; - the
figure 8 represents, schematically, a section along the plane BB of thefigure 6 ; - the
figure 9 represents, schematically and in front view, the third variant object of thefigure 4 ; - the
figure 10 schematically represents a section according to the plane AA of thefigure 9 ; - the
figure 11 represents, schematically, a section along the plane BB of thefigure 9 ; - the
figure 12 represents, schematically and in section in a median plane, a detail of a particular embodiment of the invention; - the
figure 13 represents, in a similar way tofigure 12 a detail of another particular embodiment of the invention; - the
figure 14 represents, schematically, partially and in front view, a detail of a rocker according to the invention comprising a junction area perforated between the hub and the serge.
L'invention concerne le domaine des organes réglants pour pièces d'horlogerie, et tout particulièrement le balancier ou le balancier-spiral.The invention relates to the field of regulating organs for timepieces, and particularly the balance or the balance spring.
L'invention est tout particulièrement orientée vers la production de balanciers pour de hautes fréquences d'oscillation, 10 Hz ou davantage.The invention is particularly directed to the production of pendulums for high oscillation frequencies, 10 Hz or more.
Trois variantes de réalisation, nullement limitatives, sont représentées sur les figures.Three non-limiting embodiments are shown in the figures.
L'invention concerne un balancier 1 pour pièce d'horlogerie, à réglage d'inertie pour ajuster sa fréquence d'oscillation, comportant un moyeu 2 agencé pour coopérer avec un axe de balancier 3 perpendiculaire à un plan de balancier 4, et une serge périphérique 5 continue ou discontinue. Cette serge 5 peut en effet être discontinue dans le cadre d'une recherche d'allégement. Les exemples de réalisation des figures montrent une serge continue, qui offre l'avantage d'une bonne rigidité et d'un bon aérodynamisme, et qui limite les flexions localisées en prévenant tout gauchissement du balancier.The invention relates to a
Cette serge 5 est reliée au moyeu 2 par au moins une surface de jonction 6, qui peut être constituée par une surface continue tel un disque ajouré ou non, ou par un ou plusieurs bras 22. La confection d'une surface de jonction 6 ajourée, notamment avec des découpes, traversantes ou non, entre des longerons assurant une bonne triangulation, permet de réduire encore la masse du balancier.This
La
Ce balancier 1 comporte encore au moins une masselotte d'inertie 7. Une telle masselotte 7 est rapportée sur, ou dans, la serge 5 dans un logement 8 que comporte la périphérie de la serge 5 pour sa réception.This
Selon l'invention :
cette masselotte 7 comporte des moyens de guidage 9, de profil complémentaire à des moyens de guidage complémentaires 9A que comporte le logement 8 avec lequel coopère cette masselotte 7;- chaque telle masselotte 7 comporte au moins deux parties 10, 11, qui sont réglables en translation l'une par rapport à l'autre dans un plan parallèle au
plan 4dudit balancier 1, et dont l'une de ces parties 10 ; 11, est immobile en translation par rapport à laserge 5 ; - chacune de ces parties 10, 11 d'une telle masselotte 7 est réalisée en un matériau qui est plus dense qu'un premier matériau constitutif de la
serge 5.
- this
weight 7 comprises guiding means 9 of complementary profile to complementary guiding means 9A that includes thehousing 8 with which cooperates thisfeeder 7; - each
such weight 7 comprises at least two 10, 11, which are adjustable in translation relative to each other in a plane parallel to theparts plane 4 of saidbeam 1, and one of theseparts 10; 11, is immobile in translation relative to theserge 5; - each of these
10, 11 of such aportions weight 7 is made of a material which is denser than a first material constituting theserge 5.
Une telle masselotte 7 comporte ainsi une première partie 10 comportant les moyens de guidage 9 et dite plot, et une deuxième partie 11 constituée de préférence par une vis réglante 12, dont un filetage, ou respectivement un taraudage, coopère avec un taraudage, respectivement un filetage, que comporte la première partie 10, et dont le filetage, ou respectivement le taraudage, est à distance de la serge 5 ou de la surface de jonction 6.Such a
Dans un premier mode d'exécution, tel que visible notamment sur la première variante de la
Dans un deuxième mode d'exécution, tel que visible notamment sur la troisième variante de la
De façon préférée, cette masselotte 7 est maintenue dans son logement 8 par des moyens de maintien 13. Ces derniers peuvent être de différentes natures, notamment :
- moyens de maintien géométriques agencés pour interdire l'extraction de cette masselotte 7 de son logement 8, tel que visible sur la deuxième variante de réalisation de la
figure 2 ; - moyens de maintien à demeure réalisés par chassage ou collage ou brasage ou soudage ; en cas de collage un jeu d'environ 10 microns est à prévoir pour ajuster au mieux la quantité de colle et permettre une prise correcte ;
- moyens de maintien élastique agencés pour autoriser l'introduction de cette masselotte 7 dans son logement 8 et pour interdire son extraction, tel que visible sur les
figures 12 .ou 13
- geometric holding means arranged to prohibit the extraction of this
feeder 7 from itshousing 8, as visible in the second embodiment of the invention.figure 2 ; - permanent holding means made by driving or gluing or brazing or welding; in the case of bonding a set of about 10 microns is to be provided to adjust the amount of glue and allow a correct grip;
- elastic holding means arranged to allow the introduction of this
weight 7 in itshousing 8 and to prohibit its extraction, as visible on theFigures 12 or 13 .
De préférence, quand les moyens de maintien 13 sont constitués par des moyens de maintien élastique, ceux-ci sont constitués par des moyens de clipage 14 que comporte cette masselotte 7, et qui sont agencés pour coopérer de façon élastique avec des moyens de clipage complémentaire 14A que comporte la serge 5.Preferably, when the holding means 13 are constituted by resilient holding means, these are constituted by clipping means 14 that comprises this
Préférentiellement, l'assemblage par clipage est irréversible.Preferably, the assembly by clipping is irreversible.
Dans les modes de réalisation représentés aux
Dans certains modes de réalisation, comme la première variante de la
Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, comme la deuxième variante de la
De préférence, quand ce plot 10 est mobile, comme la deuxième variante de la
Dans cette même deuxième variante de la
Dans une version particulière de l'invention, telle que représentée sur les
Dans le deuxième mode d'exécution, tel que visible notamment sur la troisième variante de la
De façon préférée, tel que visible sur les figures, la vis réglante 12 est radiale par rapport au moyeu 2.Preferably, as shown in the figures, the adjusting
Dans une variante non représentée sur les figures, la masselotte 7 comporte au moins deux vis réglantes d'inertie 12.In a variant not shown in the figures, the
De préférence, et tel qu'illustré par les figures, le balancier 1 comporte au moins deux masselottes 7A, 7B, chacune rapportée sur la serge 5 dans un logement 8A, 8B, que comporte la périphérie de la serge 5 pour sa réception. Ces masselottes 7A, 7B comportent chacune des moyens de guidage de profil complémentaire à des moyens de guidage complémentaires que comporte le logement 8A, 8B, et comportent chacune au moins deux parties 10, 11 réglables en translation l'une par rapport à l'autre dans un plan parallèle au plan 4 du balancier 1, et chacune de ces parties 10, 11 de chacune de ces masselottes 7A, 7B, est réalisée en un matériau qui est plus dense qu'un premier matériau constitutif de la serge 5.Preferably, and as illustrated by the figures, the
De préférence ces masselottes 7A, 7B, sont symétriques deux à deux par rapport à un plan passant par le moyeu 2 et l'axe de balancier 3.Preferably these
De préférence ces masselottes 7A, 7B, sont symétriques deux à deux par rapport audit moyeu 2.Preferably these
Dans une exécution préférée, tel que visible sur les figures, les masselottes 7 sont au nombre de quatre, disposées selon deux axes perpendiculaires passant par le moyeu 2 et dans le plan 4 du balancier. Les 4 vis réglantes 12 associées permettent toutes les possibilités angulaires de création de balourd. Le cas où plusieurs vis réglantes sont embarquées sur un même plot donne encore plus de latitude de réglage.In a preferred embodiment, as shown in the figures, the
Dans une exécution particulière, correspondant notamment mais non limitativement à la deuxième variante de la
Afin de limiter la traînée aérodynamique, chaque masselotte 7, et en particulier chaque partie mobile 11 de masselotte ou vis réglante 12, est en retrait d'un cercle circonscrit à la serge 5, dans toute position relative des parties qui constituent cette masselotte.In order to limit the aerodynamic drag, each
A de fins d'allégement supplémentaire, la serge 5 peut comporter une ou plusieurs découpes 23, périphériques comme sur la
Dans une exécution préférée, tel que visible sur les figures, la surface de jonction est constituée d'au moins un bras 22. Grâce à l'emploi d'une technologie silicium, un tel bras peut adopter tout profil, notamment courbe, ou autre. Il peut aussi comporter des allègements, traversants ou non, par exemple sous forme de poches triangulaires, qui assurent la rigidité tout en autorisant une perte de poids conséquente. Les figures représentent des versions à nombre pair de bras diamétralement opposés deux à deux.In a preferred embodiment, as can be seen in the figures, the joining surface consists of at least one
Dans la première variante de la
Dans un autre type d'exécution, une masselotte 7 est implantée dans l'alignement de certains bras 22, ou même dans l'alignement de chaque bras 22, comme dans la deuxième variante de la
Il faut pouvoir commodément ajuster le balourd d'une part, et corriger l'inertie d'autre part, et surtout ajuster très précisément la fréquence de l'oscillateur.It must be able to conveniently adjust the unbalance on the one hand, and correct the inertia on the other hand, and especially adjust very precisely the frequency of the oscillator.
L'équilibrage d'un balancier est une opération importante, pour laquelle on recherche une précision élevée d'équilibrage, de l'ordre du microgramme x cm.Balance balancing is an important operation, for which we seek a high balancing accuracy, of the order of one microgram x cm.
Avantageusement, chaque masselotte 7 est profilée d'une façon particulière, de façon à permettre, séparément ou à la fois :
- un équilibrage facilité par l'existence d'au moins une surface plane, qui est constituée, soit par une surface
plane dite parallèle 26, qui est parallèle au plan de balancier 4, soit par une surfaceplane de bout 27 qui est perpendiculaire au plan de balancier 4 et à une radiale issue de l'axe de balancier 3.Une même masselotte 7 peut comporter à la fois une ou plusieurs surfaces parallèles 26, et une ou plusieurs surfaces debout 27, notamment, tel que visible sur les figures, une surface de bout sur la première partie 10 ou le plot, et une surface debout 27 sur la deuxième partie 11 ou la vis réglante 12. Il est alors aisé de réaliser l'équilibrage par fraisage ou gravure ou autre sur l'une de ces surfaces 26 ou/et 27, ou encore par apport de matière, notamment par brasage, soudage ou plasma si leplot 10 ou/et la vis réglante 12 est métallique ; - une traînée aérodynamique réduite, la masselotte 7 comportant alors, dans toute section
perpendiculaire au plan 4 de balancier et à un plan passant par l'axe de balancier 3, un profil aérodynamique 28 rayonné ou/et pentu pour réduire son frottement dans l'air.
- balancing facilitated by the existence of at least one plane surface, which is constituted either by a so-called parallel
flat surface 26, which is parallel to thebalance plane 4, or by aflat end surface 27 which is perpendicular to theplane 4 and a radial stem from thebalance shaft 3. Asame flyweight 7 may comprise both one or moreparallel surfaces 26, and one or more end surfaces 27, in particular, as visible in the figures, an end surface on thefirst part 10 or the stud, and anend surface 27 on thesecond part 11 or the adjustingscrew 12. It is then easy to achieve balancing by milling or etching or other on one of thesesurfaces 26 and / or 27, or by adding material, in particular by brazing, welding or plasma if thestud 10 and / or the adjustingscrew 12 is metallic; - a reduced aerodynamic drag, the
flyweight 7 then comprising, in any section perpendicular to thebalance plane 4 and to a plane passing through thebalance shaft 3, anaerodynamic profile 28 radiated and / or sloping to reduce its friction in the air .
De façon préférée, toutes les masselottes que comporte le balancier 1 sont des masselottes 7 en deux parties 10 et 11 telles que décrites ci-dessus.Preferably, all the weights that includes the
De façon préférée et propre à l'invention, la serge 5 est réalisée de façon monobloc avec la surface de jonction 6 et le moyeu 2 dans du silicium de préférence, ou un matériau micro-usinable, ou en quartz, ou selon le procédé LIGA.In a preferred manner and specific to the invention, the
L'emploi du silicium permet un dimensionnement en diamètre sensiblement supérieur à ce que l'on aurait, à inertie semblable, avec un balancier de facture traditionnelle. Ici, les balanciers des trois variantes présentées ont un diamètre de l'ordre de 7 mm.The use of silicon allows dimensioning in diameter substantially greater than one would, at similar inertia, with a balance of traditional invoice. Here, the rockers of the three variants presented have a diameter of about 7 mm.
Le choix du silicium, en particulier, autorise la réalisation, dans la serge, de moyens de maintien élastique des masselottes 7, notamment sous forme de lèvre élastique 15. De la même façon, des moyens d'arrêt sous forme de cliquets peuvent être combinés à de telles lames ou à des ressorts réalisés dans la serge en silicium.The choice of silicon, in particular, authorizes the production, in the serge, of elastic holding means of the
Ce choix du silicium ou du liga permet, par l'excellente résolution lors du façonnage, d'assurer une géométrie très précise de la serge 5, et ainsi d'éviter tous les jeux générateurs de vibrations et préjudiciables au bon fonctionnement de l'oscillateur.This choice of silicon or liga makes it possible, by the excellent resolution during the shaping, to ensure a very precise geometry of the
Le choix du silicium permet de surcroît d'insérer au balancier des gravures, des décors, et d'effectuer une structuration de surface.The choice of silicon allows moreover to insert the pendulum engravings, decorations, and perform a surface structuring.
De façon préférée, chacune des parties 10,11, de chaque masselotte 7 est réalisée en un matériau, qui est un métal lourd, ou du bronze au béryllium, ou de l'or ou du platine ou du tantale ou du molybdène, ou un de leurs oxydes ou de leurs nitrures, ou un de leurs alliages, ou un des complexes développés sur leurs bases.Preferably, each of the
De façon préférée, quand la deuxième partie 11 est une vis réglante 12, il est nécessaire de concilier le très faible diamètre de la partie filetée, typiquement compris entre 0,20 et 0,30 mm environ, avec un couple de vissage/dévissage qui permette d'assurer son bon maintien dans le plot 10, ce couple étant notamment choisi entre 0,3 et 1,8 N.mm. Il faut alors disposer d'un couple de matériaux pour le plot 10 et la vis réglante 12, qui assure à la fois la tenue de la vis 12 sans dévissage, et qui interdise sa rupture à la valeur maximale du couple. Dans une réalisation préférée, ce couple de matériaux est constitué par du bronze au béryllium de type CuBe d'une part, et d'un alliage d'or, au moins de 14 carats, d'autre part. De préférence le plot 10 est en bronze au béryllium de type CuBe et la vis réglante 12 est réalisée en alliage d'or.Preferably, when the
Enfin, pour une utilisation optimale, et pour augmenter encore le facteur de qualité, il convient de diminuer les frottements au niveau du pivot de ce balancier. Précisément, la masse et l'inertie réduite du balancier selon l'invention autorisent la confection d'un pivot de diamètre inférieur de 30 à 40% par rapport aux pivots usuels, ce qui a une très grande influence sur le niveau des frottements. Les trois variantes présentées sont conjuguées à un pivot d'un diamètre de 0.05 mm environ.Finally, for optimal use, and to further increase the quality factor, it is necessary to reduce the friction at the pivot of this beam. Precisely, the mass and reduced inertia of the balance according to the invention allow the manufacture of a lower diameter of the pivot of 30 to 40% relative to the usual pivots, which has a very large influence on the level of friction. The three variants presented are conjugated to a pivot with a diameter of approximately 0.05 mm.
A titre d'exemple, pour un balancier 1 d'un diamètre d'environ 7 mm et d'épaisseur de serge d'environ 0,20 mm, comportant une serge monobloc en silicium, et 4 plots 10 en CuBe ou en alliage d'or ainsi que 4 vis réglantes 12 en alliage d'or, les masses et inerties par rapport à l'axe de balancier 3, pour les trois variantes de réalisation représentées sur les figures sont les suivantes :
6,8 à 11,3 mgMasse serge - Inertie serge 0,41 à 0,92 mg.cm2
- Masse plots 3,1 à 17,2 mg
- Inertie plots 0,24 à 1,13 mg.cm2
- Masse vis 2,4 à 6,2 mg
- Inertie vis 0,23 à 0,64 mg.cm2
20,6 à 26,9 mgMasse ensemble Inertie ensemble 1,80 à 1,81 mg.cm2
- Mass serge 6.8 to 11.3 mg
- Inertia serge 0.41 to 0.92 mg.cm 2
- Mass plots 3.1 to 17.2 mg
- Inertia plots 0.24 to 1.13 mg.cm 2
- Mass screw 2.4 to 6.2 mg
- Inertia screws 0.23 to 0.64 mg.cm 2
- Mass together 20.6 to 26.9 mg
- Inertia together 1.80 to 1.81 mg.cm 2
On notera, encore, que, selon l'invention, le balourd des masselottes 7 se décompose entre une partie de balourd qui est fixe, et une partie du balourd qui est mobile et fait office de réglage. Ainsi, dans la deuxième variante de la
De préférence, pour une inertie donnée, la partie réglante est toujours de la même valeur. Dans les exemples ci-dessus, l'inertie de la partie réglante est voisine de 0,25 mg.cm2.Preferably, for a given inertia, the regulating part is always of the same value. In the examples above, the inertia of the regulating portion is close to 0.25 mg.cm 2 .
Le facteur de qualité mesuré est voisin de 500 pour les trois variantes. Ce facteur de qualité est obtenu par la conjugaison d'un spiral silicium et d'un balancier selon l'invention.The quality factor measured is close to 500 for the three variants. This quality factor is obtained by the combination of a silicon balance spring and a balance according to the invention.
La conjugaison entre d'une part ce facteur de qualité élevé, et d'autre part les possibilités de réglage et d'ajustement offertes par les plots 10 et les vis réglantes 12, qui, outre leurs fonctions de réglage propre, remplissent une fonction nouvelle, qui est de servir de plate-forme d'usinage pour rajouter ou enlever de la matière dans les opérations d'ajustement d'équilibrage et de réglage de fréquence, permet l'élimination de la raquetterie.The combination between, on the one hand, this high quality factor, and, on the other hand, the adjustment and adjustment possibilities offered by the
Les buts que se proposait d'atteindre l'invention sont parfaitement atteints avec de telles valeurs. En particulier, un tel balancier avec une inertie inférieure à 2 mg.cm2, ici de1,80 à 1,81 mg.cm2, est tout à fait approprié pour une utilisation à 10 Hz ou davantage.The aims which the invention intended to attain are perfectly attained with such values. In particular, such a balance with an inertia less than 2 mg.cm 2 , here from 1.80 to 1.81 mg.cm 2 , is entirely suitable for use at 10 Hz or more.
Les possibilités de réglage et d'équilibrage sont de surcroît excellentes.The adjustment and balancing possibilities are also excellent.
Le réglage et l'ajustement du balancier sont très précis, et permettent au balancier d'être utilisé dans un oscillateur à haute fréquence, 10 Hz ou davantage.The adjustment and adjustment of the balance are very precise, and allow the balance to be used in a high frequency oscillator, 10 Hz or more.
La conception du balancier autorise un ajustement très précis de la fréquence d'oscillation du balancier-spiral dans lequel il est intégré.The design of the balance allows a very precise adjustment of the oscillation frequency of the sprung balance in which it is integrated.
L'invention comporte encore un balancier-spiral incorporant au moins un tel balancier 1 selon l'invention.The invention also comprises a sprung balance incorporating at least one
L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie incorporant au moins un tel balancier-spiral ou au moins un tel balancier 1.The invention also relates to a timepiece incorporating at least one such sprung balance or at least one
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (2)
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EP13184692.5A EP2677369B1 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | High frequency balance wheel for timepiece |
EP20100165704 EP2395402B1 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | High frequency balance wheel for timepiece |
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EP20100165704 EP2395402B1 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | High frequency balance wheel for timepiece |
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EP13184692.5A Division-Into EP2677369B1 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | High frequency balance wheel for timepiece |
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EP2607970A1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-26 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device |
WO2013092172A1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd | Method for improving the pivotal movement of a mobile body |
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DE102014220009A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-02 | Sercalo Microtechnology Ltd. | Balance for movements with adjustable moment of inertia |
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EP2410386B1 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2018-10-03 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | balance wheel with inertia adjustment with insert |
EP3502787A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-26 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Method for manufacturing a balance for a timepiece |
EP3502786A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-26 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Balance for timepiece and method for manufacturing such a balance |
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CN111142353A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-05-12 | 瑞士电子显微技术研究与开发中心股份有限公司 | Balance wheel for a timepiece |
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EP2677369A1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
EP2677369B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
EP2395402B1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
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