EP2392891B1 - Alliage pour un pénétrateur et procédé de fabrication d'un pénétrateur à partir d'un tel alliage - Google Patents

Alliage pour un pénétrateur et procédé de fabrication d'un pénétrateur à partir d'un tel alliage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2392891B1
EP2392891B1 EP11004441.9A EP11004441A EP2392891B1 EP 2392891 B1 EP2392891 B1 EP 2392891B1 EP 11004441 A EP11004441 A EP 11004441A EP 2392891 B1 EP2392891 B1 EP 2392891B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
penetrator
temperatures
yttrium
tungsten
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11004441.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2392891A3 (fr
EP2392891A2 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Richter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kennametal Inc
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Kennametal Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2392891A2 publication Critical patent/EP2392891A2/fr
Publication of EP2392891A3 publication Critical patent/EP2392891A3/fr
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Publication of EP2392891B1 publication Critical patent/EP2392891B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an alloy for a penetrator and further to a method for producing a penetrator.
  • a balancing projectile mainly tungsten alloys
  • cobalt Another important component of such heavy metal alloys is cobalt, which improves the mechanical properties.
  • cobalt may be considered carcinogenic.
  • US 3,150,971 relates to a high-temperature tungsten alloy, in particular for the production of rocket engines and gas turbines.
  • An alloy containing 50 to 95 wt% tungsten, 5 to 50 wt% niobium and one or more additives is proposed.
  • US 3,988,118 relates to a tungsten alloy with an addition of molybdenum in a proportion of 0.5 to 25 wt .-%. Molybdenum is said to bring about an improvement in mechanical properties, especially for high temperature moldings and tools.
  • US 2,977,225 relates to a Woflramlegieung that is highly resistant to oxidation at high temperatures, which is to be used for rocket engines and gas turbines.
  • the alloy consists of at least 45 wt .-% tungsten, 5 to 45 wt .-% chromium, 0.5 to 12 wt .-% aluminum and up to 40 wt .-% of various additional metals.
  • EP 0 323 628 relates to a tungsten alloy containing 88 wt .-% to 98 wt .-% tungsten, iron and nickel, and 0.25 wt .-% to 1.5 wt .-% of a grain size reducing additive material.
  • the alloy should be suitable for improving the performance of penetrators.
  • an alloy according to claim 1 which contains 90 wt .-% to 99 wt .-% tungsten, 0.02 wt .-% to 0.2 wt .-% yttrium and nickel and iron.
  • the invention is based on the finding that yttrium acts as a getter material for possible impurities such as C, O, S or P and leads to a lower contiguity of the tungsten grains, which increases the deformability of the alloy.
  • the properties necessary for use as a penetrator are obtained without having to use cobalt.
  • nickel and iron are in the ratio of 6: 4 to 9: 1. This value has proven to be particularly advantageous for the mechanical properties.
  • a penetrator consisting of the alloy is provided according to claim 4.
  • a method according to claim 5 for producing a penetrant of such alloy in which the alloying components are bonded together in a sintering process comprising four steps, namely a first holding step, a second holding step, a liquid phase and a vacuum annealing phase.
  • the alloy is mechanically deformed after sintering, whereby a work hardening is caused. This leads to a higher mechanical strength.
  • the alloy is annealed after strain hardening. This increases the deformability of the penetrator.
  • the yttrium is supplied in the form of Y-Ni powder.
  • the first holding phase lasts at temperatures of 750 ° C to 800 ° C between 30 min. and 60 min. This hold time is needed for the oxygen reduction by the hydrogen, since the Y-Ni alloy shows a strong Eutiktikum and passes at about 800 ° C in the liquid phase.
  • the liquid phase preferably lasts at temperatures of 1450 ° C to 1600 ° C between 30 min. and 120 min ..
  • the vacuum annealing preferably takes place at temperatures of 1100 ° C to 1300 ° C between 120 min. and 240 min.
  • An alloy which is particularly suitable for producing a penetrator contains as alloy constituents tungsten, yttrium, nickel and iron.
  • the proportion of tungsten in a preferred embodiment is 94.9 wt .-%.
  • Nickel is present at 3.5 wt%, iron at 1.5 wt%, and yttrium at 0.1 wt%.
  • All ingredients are in powder form with yttrium added in the form of Y-Ni powder.
  • the particle sizes of the powder are each about 4.5 microns.
  • the various components are mixed together, the mixing process takes a maximum of one hour. Since the particle size corresponds approximately to the tungsten grain size, homogeneous mixing of the powders is ensured.
  • the alloy is shaped into round bodies and then sintered.
  • the sintering takes place in four steps.
  • the first step is a hold phase, which lasts about 30 minutes at about 800 ° C.
  • the first hold phase is followed by a second hold phase, which lasts about 30 minutes at about 1350 ° C.
  • This is followed by liquid phase sintering, which takes about 30 minutes at around 1530 ° C and takes place in a dry hydrogen atmosphere.
  • the last step closes Vacuum annealing, which takes about 2 hours at about 1250 ° C.
  • the effect of yttrium is that it pulls oxygen from the alloy during sintering, which results in less contiguity of the tungsten grains, which in turn results in increased elongation of the alloy.
  • the sintering is followed by a mechanical deformation of the alloy, which consists in a round hammer. This causes strain hardening of the alloy. After work hardening, the alloy is heated at temperatures of 750 ° C to 950 ° C for a period of about 30 minutes. started.
  • the density of the alloy thus obtained is 18.0 g / cm 3 .
  • the tensile strength (Rm) of the alloy was at least 1380 MPa and the yield strength (Rp 0.2) was at least 1320 MPa.
  • the elongation at break was at least 4%.
  • the attached micrographs show in white the tungsten grains embedded in the alloy of nickel, iron and yttrium. Furthermore, precipitated impurities (in dark color) can be recognized. These consist mainly of oxygen, which was drawn from the alloy under the action of yttrium.
  • the said composition is an example which has proven to be advantageous in practice. From these values, it is possible to deviate within the following limits:
  • the proportion of yttrium should not be below 0.02% by weight, since otherwise the effectiveness as getter material is not sufficiently guaranteed.
  • Nickel and iron should be present in a ratio of between 6: 4 and 9: 1. In view of a high specific gravity, the tungsten content should not be less than 90% by weight.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Alliage pour un pénétrateur, comprenant de 90 % en poids à 99 % en poids de tungstène, de 0,02 % en poids à 0,2 % en poids d'yttrium ainsi que du nickel et du fer, dans lequel à température ambiante et à une vitesse de charge de 5 mm/min, l'alliage possède une résistance à la traction (Rm) d'au moins 1380 MPa, une limite élastique (RP0,2) d'au moins 1320 MPa et un allongement à la rupture d'au moins 4 %.
  2. Alliage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le nickel et le fer sont présents en un rapport de 6:4 à 9:1.
  3. Alliage selon une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'exception des impuretés inévitables, aucun autre constituant n'est présent.
  4. Pénétrateur, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'un alliage selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  5. Procédé de fabrication d'un pénétrateur à partir d'un alliage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les constituants de l'alliage sont liés ensemble lors d'un procédé de frittage, qui comprend quatre étapes, à savoir une première étape de maintien, une seconde étape de maintien, une phase liquide et une phase de recuit sous vide, dans lequel, après le procédé de frittage, l'alliage est déformé mécaniquement, entraînant un écrouissage.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage est recuit après l'écrouissage.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le frittage est effectué sous une atmosphère d'hydrogène sèche.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la première phase de maintien à des températures de 750 °C à 800 °C dure entre 30 min. et 60 min.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la seconde phase de maintien à des températures de 1150 °C à 1400 °C dure entre 30 min. et 60 min.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la phase fluide à des températures de 1450 °C à 1600 °C dure entre 30 min. et 120 min.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le recuit sous vide à des températures de 1100 °C à 1300 °C dure entre 120 min. et 240 min.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'yttrium est introduit sous la forme d'une poudre de Y-Ni.
EP11004441.9A 2010-06-07 2011-05-31 Alliage pour un pénétrateur et procédé de fabrication d'un pénétrateur à partir d'un tel alliage Active EP2392891B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010022888 DE102010022888B4 (de) 2010-06-07 2010-06-07 Legierung für einen Penetrator sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Penetrators aus einer solchen Legierung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2392891A2 EP2392891A2 (fr) 2011-12-07
EP2392891A3 EP2392891A3 (fr) 2014-10-15
EP2392891B1 true EP2392891B1 (fr) 2016-11-02

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ID=44584843

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11004441.9A Active EP2392891B1 (fr) 2010-06-07 2011-05-31 Alliage pour un pénétrateur et procédé de fabrication d'un pénétrateur à partir d'un tel alliage

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2392891B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010022888B4 (fr)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2977225A (en) * 1959-02-25 1961-03-28 Union Carbide Corp High-temperature alloys
US3150971A (en) * 1959-02-25 1964-09-29 Union Carbide Corp High-temperature tungsten base alloys
US3988118A (en) * 1973-05-21 1976-10-26 P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc. Tungsten-nickel-iron-molybdenum alloys
FR2355922A1 (fr) * 1976-06-23 1978-01-20 Eurotungstene Outil de travail a chaud des metaux
JP2511660B2 (ja) * 1986-09-25 1996-07-03 エヌオーケー株式会社 耐ア−ク性導電材料
US4762559A (en) * 1987-07-30 1988-08-09 Teledyne Industries, Incorporated High density tungsten-nickel-iron-cobalt alloys having improved hardness and method for making same
US4885031A (en) * 1988-01-04 1989-12-05 Gte Products Corporation Fine grain tungsten heavy alloys containing additives
JP2680370B2 (ja) * 1988-09-09 1997-11-19 株式会社東芝 耐食性材料
JPH06128604A (ja) * 1992-10-19 1994-05-10 Toshiba Corp 金属材料の製造方法
JPH06297190A (ja) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-25 Toho Kinzoku Kk タングステン電極材料
JP4189723B2 (ja) * 2002-08-26 2008-12-03 三菱マテリアルシ−エムアイ株式会社 高精度光学ガラスレンズの熱間プレス成形に用いるのに適したタングステン基焼結合金金型

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102010022888A1 (de) 2011-12-08
EP2392891A3 (fr) 2014-10-15
DE102010022888B4 (de) 2012-05-03
EP2392891A2 (fr) 2011-12-07

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