US2977225A - High-temperature alloys - Google Patents
High-temperature alloys Download PDFInfo
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- US2977225A US2977225A US795319A US79531959A US2977225A US 2977225 A US2977225 A US 2977225A US 795319 A US795319 A US 795319A US 79531959 A US79531959 A US 79531959A US 2977225 A US2977225 A US 2977225A
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 46
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 tungsten-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C16/00—Alloys based on zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
Definitions
- This invention relates to a ternary base alloy containing tungsten, chromium and aluminum that is suitable for use athigh temperatures.
- the present high temperature alloys are the iron, nickel, and cobalt-base alloys. These alloyshave excellent strength characteristics within specific temperature ranges but the use of these materials is severely limited at temperatures above 1800 F. and the alloys are'wholly inadequate at the ultra-high temperatures of operation in the 2400 F. to 3500 F. range that is demanded today. The deficiencies are especially evident when the alloys are subjected to high stresses at ultra high temperatures.
- Tungsten has long been known as a possibly useful metal for high temperature application since tungsten possesses the highest melting point (3410",C.) of 'any metal in the periodic table.
- exploitation "of tungsten or the other high melting point refractory metals, suchras columbium and tantalum, has been seriously limited by their extremely p'oorr'esistance to'foxidation at high temperatures.
- a specimen of tungsten was oxidized almost completely-Abe actualweight gain dueto oxidation was 1235 mg.'per cm. p g
- the primary object of the inventiong-therefore' is to' provide a complex tungsten-based alloywhich is .characterized by superior'oxidation resistancefatultra-high temperatures.
- s 1 i '7 Another object of this invention. is to provide a complex tungsten-based alloy which, in additionto having Patented Mar. 28, 1961 ICC percent by weight in the aggregate of tantalum, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium and halfnium, and from 0 to 40 percent by weight in the aggregate of iron, nickel, cobalt and manganese, and from 0 to 5 percent by weight in the aggregate of elements selected from the group consisting of the rare earth metals, yttrium, scandium, calcium, silicon and magnesium.
- the total amount of these modifying metals which may be added to the tungsten-chromium-aluminum base should not exceed 49.5 percent by weight.
- the alloy contains at least percent by weight tungsten, from 10 to 40 percent by weight chromium and from 1 tov 12 percent by weight aluminum with the modifying metals present in the following ranges: from 0 to 40 percent by weightin'th'e aggregate of tantalum, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium and hafnium, and from 0 to 30 percent by weight in the aggregate of iron, nickel, cobalt andmanganese, and from 0 to 5 percent in the aggregate of one or more elements selected from the group consistingof the 'rare earth metals, yttrium, scandium, calcium, silicon and magnesium.
- the total amount of these modifying metals which may be added to the tungsten-chromiumaluminum base should not exceed 44 percent by weight greater than 20 fold improvement in oxidation resistance over pure tungsten. Furthermore, sizeable additions .of
- the alloy exhibits even greater oxidationresistance at temperatures above 1000 C.
- the addition to the alloy of one or more elements from the group consisting of the rare earth metals and the elements yttrium, scandium, calcium, silicon and magnesium improves the oxidation resistance of the, alloy. "I'tlhas been found that addition of these metals will improvcfthe' mechanical properties of the alloy. ;For
- a ternary base alloy is provided'containing from 45 to 94.5 percent by weight tungsten, from S to 45 percent byweight chromium and from 0.5 to 12.0 percent aluminum.
- The; total; amount of these modifying elements v must be limited to'49.5 percent by weight of the tungsten chromium-aluminum-base alloy, and 44 percent for the this ternary-base alloy may be 'addedeone or more modifying metals in the following ranges: from 0 to 49.5
- the overall properties 'of the alloy of the invention are dependent'to some degree,jon the impurity content of the individual constituents since impurities may be transferred to the alloy. Therefore, it is recommended that high purity materials be employed to form'the alloys.
- Carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen may be present in a combined amount not exceeding two percent by weight, but the best results, particularly with respect to workability, are obtained when the total amount of these impurities does not exceed one percent. 7
- Alloys which fall within the compositions defined above may be prepared in an arc-melting furnace having consumable or nonconsumable electrodes. These alloys may also be prepared by any powder metallurgical technique, as for instance, extruding, slip casting, or hotor cold-pressing, by induction melting or by any other method provided some precaution may be exercised to protect the hot metal from contamination by air.
- the superior oxidation resistance of the alloy of the invention was substantiated experimentally.
- An alloy containing 60 percent by weight tungsten, 35 percent by weight chromium and by weight aluminum was prepared by melting together the required amounts of the two constituents in a non-consumable electrode, inertgas-shielded, arc-melting furnace. Complete homogeneity of the alloy was ensured by repeatedly remelting the button until material suitablefor testing was obtained.
- a specimen was machined from the cooled product of this operation and tested for resistance to oxidation. The specimen was weighed and then heated in a mufile furnace at a temperature of 1040 C. for a 24 hour period, after which it was weighed again to determine the weight gain due to oxidation.
- the alloy of this invention constitutes an important advancement in high-temperature technology. Possessing the high strength and corrosion resistance inherent in tungsten, as Well as increased oxidation resistance and workability, the alloys may be fabricated into useful forms suitable for service at ultrahigh temperatures for extended periods of time.
- An oxidation resistant alloy for use at high temperatures consisting essentially of at least 45 percent by weight tungsten, from 5 to 45 percent by weight chromium, from 0.5 to 12.0 percent by Weight aluminum, up to 49.5 percent by weight in tie aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium and hafnium, up to 40 percent by weight in the aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt and manganese, up to 5 percent by weight in the aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of the rare earth metals, yttrium, scandium, calcium, silicon and magnesium, the maximum amount of said modifying metals being not more than 49.5 percent by weight.
- An oxidation resistant alloy for use at high temperatures consisting essentially of at least 45 percent by weight tungsten, from 10 to 40 percent by Weight chromium, from 1 to 12 percent by Weight aluminum, up to 40 percent by weight in the aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, Zirconium and hafnium, up to 30 percent by weight in the aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt and manganese, up to 5 percent by weight in the aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of the rare earth metals, yttrium, scandium, calcium, silicon and magnesium, the maximum amount of said modifying metals being limited to not more than 44 percent by weight.
- An oxidation resistant alloy for use at high temperatures consisting essentially of from 5 to 45 percent by weight chromium, from 0.5 to 12.0 percent by Weight aluminum, and the balance tungsten and incidental impurities.
- An oxidation resistant alloy for use at high temperatures consisting essentially of about 35 percent by weight chromium, about 5 percent by weight aluminum, and the balance tungsten and incidental impurities.
- An oxidation resistant alloy for use at high temperatures consisting essentially of about 30 percent by weight chromium, about 4 percent by weight aluminum, up to about 20 percent by Weight iron, and the balance tungsten and incidental impurities.
- An oxidation resistant alloy for. use at high temperatures consisting essentially of about 30 percent by weight chromium, about 5 percent by weightaluminum,
- titanium up to about 20 percent. by weight titanium, and the'balance tungsten and incidental impurities.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
United States Patent HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS No Drawing. Filed Feb. 25, 1959, Ser. No. 795,319
6 Claims. (Cl. 75-176) This invention relates to a ternary base alloy containing tungsten, chromium and aluminum that is suitable for use athigh temperatures.
The ever-increasing demands of industry for stronger and more heat resistant materials of construction have spurred research in the metals and alloys field. Recent developments in the fields of rocketry and gas turbine engines, for example, have provided designs for apparatus requiring exceptional performance characteristics in their structural components. The high strength-high temperature metals field has been called upon to provide metals and alloys suitable for use in these new devices. Old metals and alloys have been improved and new alloys are avidly being sought to provide materials capable of withstanding high stresses at ultra-high temperatures for extended periods of time.
The present high temperature alloys are the iron, nickel, and cobalt-base alloys. These alloyshave excellent strength characteristics within specific temperature ranges but the use of these materials is severely limited at temperatures above 1800 F. and the alloys are'wholly inadequate at the ultra-high temperatures of operation in the 2400 F. to 3500 F. range that is demanded today. The deficiencies are especially evident when the alloys are subjected to high stresses at ultra high temperatures.
Tungsten has long been known as a possibly useful metal for high temperature application since tungsten possesses the highest melting point (3410",C.) of 'any metal in the periodic table. However, exploitation "of tungsten or the other high melting point refractory metals, suchras columbium and tantalum, has been seriously limited by their extremely p'oorr'esistance to'foxidation at high temperatures. When exposed to air' a't 1040" C. for a period of 24 hours, a specimen of tungsten was oxidized almost completely-Abe actualweight gain dueto oxidation was 1235 mg.'per cm. p g
p The primary object of the inventiong-therefore', is to' provide a complex tungsten-based alloywhich is .characterized by superior'oxidation resistancefatultra-high temperatures. s 1 i '7 Another object of this invention. is to provide a complex tungsten-based alloy which, in additionto having Patented Mar. 28, 1961 ICC percent by weight in the aggregate of tantalum, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium and halfnium, and from 0 to 40 percent by weight in the aggregate of iron, nickel, cobalt and manganese, and from 0 to 5 percent by weight in the aggregate of elements selected from the group consisting of the rare earth metals, yttrium, scandium, calcium, silicon and magnesium. The total amount of these modifying metals which may be added to the tungsten-chromium-aluminum base should not exceed 49.5 percent by weight. a
In a preferred embodiment, the alloy contains at least percent by weight tungsten, from 10 to 40 percent by weight chromium and from 1 tov 12 percent by weight aluminum with the modifying metals present in the following ranges: from 0 to 40 percent by weightin'th'e aggregate of tantalum, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium and hafnium, and from 0 to 30 percent by weight in the aggregate of iron, nickel, cobalt andmanganese, and from 0 to 5 percent in the aggregate of one or more elements selected from the group consistingof the 'rare earth metals, yttrium, scandium, calcium, silicon and magnesium. The total amount of these modifying metals which may be added to the tungsten-chromiumaluminum base should not exceed 44 percent by weight greater than 20 fold improvement in oxidation resistance over pure tungsten. Furthermore, sizeable additions .of
chromium and aluminum will of the'alloy. s p s 7 By adding to the tungstenchromium aluminum alloy greatly reduce the density one or more of the high-melting point reactive elements,
tantalum, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium and hafnium in the percentages specified, the alloy exhibits even greater oxidationresistance at temperatures above 1000 C.
The addition of one or more'metals from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt and manganese in the ranges specified gives greater oxidation resistance, high strength, and corrosion resistance to the tungsten base alloy. Additions of iron also serve to lower the density of the alloy.
Furthermore, the addition to the alloy of one or more elements from the group consisting of the rare earth metals and the elements yttrium, scandium, calcium, silicon and magnesium improves the oxidation resistance of the, alloy. "I'tlhas been found that addition of these metals will improvcfthe' mechanical properties of the alloy. ;For
excellent oxidation resistance, also exhibits superior high- 'Other aims and advantages of the invention will be,
apparent from the following description and appended claims.
In accordance with the present invention a ternary base alloy is provided'containing from 45 to 94.5 percent by weight tungsten, from S to 45 percent byweight chromium and from 0.5 to 12.0 percent aluminum. To
{these reasons-up tq ..5 percent by weight in the aggregate ,of;these elementsmay beeadded to the, alloy..
The; total; amount of these modifying elements v must be limited to'49.5 percent by weight of the tungsten chromium-aluminum-base alloy, and 44 percent for the this ternary-base alloy may be 'addedeone or more modifying metals in the following ranges: from 0 to 49.5
more specific embodiment, since additions of these metals in amounts exceeding these percentages reduced. the
amount of high strength primary metals present.
The overall properties 'of the alloy of the invention are dependent'to some degree,jon the impurity content of the individual constituents since impurities may be transferred to the alloy. Therefore, it is recommended that high purity materials be employed to form'the alloys.
However, a total of up'to one :percent metallic impuri-t ties will not maerially affect the properties of the alloys.
Carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen may be present in a combined amount not exceeding two percent by weight, but the best results, particularly with respect to workability, are obtained when the total amount of these impurities does not exceed one percent. 7
Alloys which fall within the compositions defined above may be prepared in an arc-melting furnace having consumable or nonconsumable electrodes. These alloys may also be prepared by any powder metallurgical technique, as for instance, extruding, slip casting, or hotor cold-pressing, by induction melting or by any other method provided some precaution may be exercised to protect the hot metal from contamination by air.
The superior oxidation resistance of the alloy of the invention was substantiated experimentally. An alloy containing 60 percent by weight tungsten, 35 percent by weight chromium and by weight aluminum was prepared by melting together the required amounts of the two constituents in a non-consumable electrode, inertgas-shielded, arc-melting furnace. Complete homogeneity of the alloy was ensured by repeatedly remelting the button until material suitablefor testing was obtained. A specimen was machined from the cooled product of this operation and tested for resistance to oxidation. The specimen was weighed and then heated in a mufile furnace at a temperature of 1040 C. for a 24 hour period, after which it was weighed again to determine the weight gain due to oxidation.
Under these conditions the alloy showed a weight gain of 60.80 mg. per cm. Unalloyed tungsten tested under similar conditions showed a weight gain of 1235 mg. per cm. Comparison of these results shows a greater than 10-fold improvement in oxidation resistance by use of the tungsten-chromium-aluminum-basealloy of this invention. By the addition to the tungsten-chromium-aluminum base alloys of the heretofore described modifying metals, even greater oxidation resistance can be achieved. Table 1 shows the weight gain due to oxidation at a temperature of 1040 C. for a 24 hour period, for several alloy compositions. These alloys were produced and tested under the same conditions as the example given above.
By comparing the results obtained in-the above examples with those obtained for pure tungsten, the vast improvement in oxidation resistance whichcharacterizes the alloy of this invention is immediately evident.
It is seen, therefore, that the alloy of this invention constitutes an important advancement in high-temperature technology. Possessing the high strength and corrosion resistance inherent in tungsten, as Well as increased oxidation resistance and workability, the alloys may be fabricated into useful forms suitable for service at ultrahigh temperatures for extended periods of time.
What is claimed is:
1. An oxidation resistant alloy for use at high temperatures consisting essentially of at least 45 percent by weight tungsten, from 5 to 45 percent by weight chromium, from 0.5 to 12.0 percent by Weight aluminum, up to 49.5 percent by weight in tie aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium and hafnium, up to 40 percent by weight in the aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt and manganese, up to 5 percent by weight in the aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of the rare earth metals, yttrium, scandium, calcium, silicon and magnesium, the maximum amount of said modifying metals being not more than 49.5 percent by weight.
2. An oxidation resistant alloy for use at high temperatures consisting essentially of at least 45 percent by weight tungsten, from 10 to 40 percent by Weight chromium, from 1 to 12 percent by Weight aluminum, up to 40 percent by weight in the aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, Zirconium and hafnium, up to 30 percent by weight in the aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt and manganese, up to 5 percent by weight in the aggregate of at least one modifying metal selected from the group consisting of the rare earth metals, yttrium, scandium, calcium, silicon and magnesium, the maximum amount of said modifying metals being limited to not more than 44 percent by weight.
3. An oxidation resistant alloy for use at high temperatures consisting essentially of from 5 to 45 percent by weight chromium, from 0.5 to 12.0 percent by Weight aluminum, and the balance tungsten and incidental impurities.
4. An oxidation resistant alloy for use at high temperatures consisting essentially of about 35 percent by weight chromium, about 5 percent by weight aluminum, and the balance tungsten and incidental impurities.
5. An oxidation resistant alloy for use at high temperatures consisting essentially of about 30 percent by weight chromium, about 4 percent by weight aluminum, up to about 20 percent by Weight iron, and the balance tungsten and incidental impurities. v
6; An oxidation resistant alloy for. use at high temperatures consisting essentially of about 30 percent by weight chromium, about 5 percent by weightaluminum,
up to about 20 percent. by weight titanium, and the'balance tungsten and incidental impurities.
References Cited in the file ofithis' patent NITED STATES PATENTS 2,783,530 Conant r. Feb 25, 1959-
Claims (1)
1. AN OXIDATION RESISTANT ALLOY FOR USE AT HIGH TEMPERATURES CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AT LEAST 45 PERCENT BY WEIGHT TUNGSTEN, FROM 5 TO 45 PERCENT BY WEIGHT CHROMIUM, FROM 0.5 TO 12.0 PERCENT BY WEIGHT ALUMINUM, UP TO 49.5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT IN THE AGGREGATE OF AT LEAST ONE MODIFYING METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TANTALUM, TITANIUM, VANADIUM, MOLYBDENUM, ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM, UP TO 40 PERCENT BY WEIGHT IN THE AGGREGATE OF AT LEAST ONE MODIFYING METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF IRON, NICKEL, COBALT AND MANGANESE, UP TO 5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT IN THE AGGREGATE OF AT LEAST ONE MODIFYING METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THE RARE EARTH METALS, YTTRIUM, SCANDIUM, CALCIUM, SILICON AND MAGNESIUM, THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SAID MODIFYING METALS BEING NOT MORE THAN 49.5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US795319A US2977225A (en) | 1959-02-25 | 1959-02-25 | High-temperature alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US795319A US2977225A (en) | 1959-02-25 | 1959-02-25 | High-temperature alloys |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2977225A true US2977225A (en) | 1961-03-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| US795319A Expired - Lifetime US2977225A (en) | 1959-02-25 | 1959-02-25 | High-temperature alloys |
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| US (1) | US2977225A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3116145A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1963-12-31 | American Metal Climax Inc | Tungsten-hafnium alloy casting |
| US3138457A (en) * | 1963-02-11 | 1964-06-23 | Commw Of Australia | Chromium-tungsten-tantalum alloys |
| US3138453A (en) * | 1962-03-13 | 1964-06-23 | Jr Ellis L Foster | Tungsten electrodes |
| US3160501A (en) * | 1961-09-15 | 1964-12-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Tungsten-rhenium-tantalum alloys |
| US3174852A (en) * | 1959-04-14 | 1965-03-23 | Gen Motors Corp | High temperature chromium-tungstenmolybdenum alloy |
| US3184304A (en) * | 1961-03-16 | 1965-05-18 | Du Pont | Tungsten alloys |
| US3188204A (en) * | 1963-04-08 | 1965-06-08 | Union Carbide Corp | Nickel-alloy |
| US3903238A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1975-09-02 | Nordstjernan Rederi Ab | Chlorination of tungsten-base alloys |
| US3904383A (en) * | 1970-05-11 | 1975-09-09 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Welded structure and method |
| FR2364973A1 (en) * | 1976-09-16 | 1978-04-14 | Reading Alloys | MOTHER ALLOY OF TUNGSTENE, TITANIUM AND ALUMINUM |
| EP2392891A3 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2014-10-15 | Kennametal Inc. | Alloy for a penetrator and method for manufacturing a penetrator out of such an alloy |
| EP2634149A4 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2015-08-19 | Huawei Tech Co Ltd | Powder material, method for manufacturing communication device, and communication device |
| US9350065B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2016-05-24 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing resonance tube, resonance tube, and filter |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2783530A (en) * | 1954-05-19 | 1957-03-05 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Metal ceramic product |
-
1959
- 1959-02-25 US US795319A patent/US2977225A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2783530A (en) * | 1954-05-19 | 1957-03-05 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Metal ceramic product |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3174852A (en) * | 1959-04-14 | 1965-03-23 | Gen Motors Corp | High temperature chromium-tungstenmolybdenum alloy |
| US3184304A (en) * | 1961-03-16 | 1965-05-18 | Du Pont | Tungsten alloys |
| US3160501A (en) * | 1961-09-15 | 1964-12-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Tungsten-rhenium-tantalum alloys |
| US3138453A (en) * | 1962-03-13 | 1964-06-23 | Jr Ellis L Foster | Tungsten electrodes |
| US3116145A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1963-12-31 | American Metal Climax Inc | Tungsten-hafnium alloy casting |
| US3138457A (en) * | 1963-02-11 | 1964-06-23 | Commw Of Australia | Chromium-tungsten-tantalum alloys |
| US3188204A (en) * | 1963-04-08 | 1965-06-08 | Union Carbide Corp | Nickel-alloy |
| US3904383A (en) * | 1970-05-11 | 1975-09-09 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Welded structure and method |
| US3903238A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1975-09-02 | Nordstjernan Rederi Ab | Chlorination of tungsten-base alloys |
| FR2364973A1 (en) * | 1976-09-16 | 1978-04-14 | Reading Alloys | MOTHER ALLOY OF TUNGSTENE, TITANIUM AND ALUMINUM |
| EP2392891A3 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2014-10-15 | Kennametal Inc. | Alloy for a penetrator and method for manufacturing a penetrator out of such an alloy |
| EP2634149A4 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2015-08-19 | Huawei Tech Co Ltd | Powder material, method for manufacturing communication device, and communication device |
| US9350065B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2016-05-24 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing resonance tube, resonance tube, and filter |
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