EP2390433A1 - Pre-produced components and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The element has two layers (4, 5) connected with each other in a fixed manner. One of the layers (5) has a functional recess (15) on a side, which faces the other layer (4). The recess lies at a distance to one of both laminar outer sides (2, 3). The recess is provided free from a connection function between the layers. The recess is designed in type of a channel, container and passage, and the layers are designed as massive wood layers. The recess is provided with a light unit i.e. LED light unit, for direct or indirect illumination of the recess. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a prefabricated construction element.

Description

The present invention relates to prefabricated building elements, such as timber construction elements, in particular for house construction, according to the preamble of claim 1 and manufacturing method for such prefabricated building elements according to the preamble of claim 8.

• Verwendung des nachwachsenden Rohstoffs "massives Holz",
• relativ geringer Energieeinsatz für Transport und Bearbeitung,
• bessere Ausnutzung des Rohstoffes Holz als bei einstückigen Balken mit Wanddicke durch geringeren Verschnitt,
• bessere Struktur- und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten als bei der Verwendung von einstückigen Balken mit Wanddicke,
• ein gesundes Raumklima im Gebäude,
• die Möglichkeit zur Erstellung von Niedrigenergie- oder Passivhäusem,
• der mögliche hohe Brandschutzfaktor,
• die mögliche hohe Erdbebensicherheit / statische Stabilität,
• der geringe Eintrag von Baufeuchte bei der Errichtung der Gebäude,
• die lange mögliche Lebensdauer,
• die systemimmanente Unempfmdlichkeit gegen eintretende Feuchte in die Wandelemente,
• die wirklich 100%-ige Recyclingfähigkeit (optimale Umsetzung des Prinzip "Cradle-to-Cradle"),
• die absolute Vermeidung von chemischen und/oder holzfremden Zusätzen und damit die 100-%-ige Vermeidung von Ausgasungen und Gerüchen,
• die über Jahrhunderte hinweg nachgewiesene, zuverlässige mechanische und statische Stabilität von reinen Holz-Holz-Verbindungen, während die Langzeitstabilität für Holz-Leim-Verbindungen immer noch fraglich ist, besonders bei Einwirkung von Feuchtigkeit.

Prefab construction and solid wood construction, among them, currently has a very high growth potential, both for the construction of buildings and for the construction of single and multi-family houses. In the present case, prefabricated components with a layer structure in the form of, for example, solid wood components constructed in this way are considered. So far, such solid wood components are mainly produced by gluing wood layers with synthetic resins, other glues or adhesives, and the production of solid wood components in layered construction without the use of glues or adhesives is still a special way that could conquer only small market shares , However, the entire advantages of the particular glue-free solid wood construction with prefabricated elements with layer structure are more and more recognized:

• Use of the renewable raw material "massive wood",
• relatively low energy input for transport and processing,
• better utilization of the raw material wood than with one-piece beams with wall thickness due to lower waste,
• better structural and design possibilities than when using one-piece beams with wall thickness,
• a healthy indoor climate in the building,
• the possibility of creating low-energy or passive houses,
• the possible high fire protection factor,
• the possible high seismic safety / static stability,
• the low level of building moisture in the construction of the buildings,
• the long possible life,
• the intrinsic immateriality against entering moisture in the wall elements,
• 100% recyclability (optimal implementation of the "cradle-to-cradle" principle),
• the absolute avoidance of chemical and / or non-wood additives and thus the 100% avoidance of outgassing and odors,
• the proven mechanical and static stability of pure wood-wood compounds proven over centuries, while the long-term stability for wood-glue joints is still questionable, especially when exposed to moisture.

The DE 101 63 446 A1 relates to a composite component, in particular as a wall, ceiling or roof element for house construction. This consists of a plurality of interconnected layers of juxtaposed, in particular elongated elements whose orientation is different from layer to layer. The individual layers are held together by connecting means, in particular of metal.

• Herstellen mindestens einer Bohrung, in den zu verbindenden Bauelementen mit einem vorbestimmten Bohrungsdurchmesser;
• Bereitstellen eines Holzdübels mit einem Aussendurchmesser, der größer ist als der Bohrungsdurchmesser in den zu verbindenden Bauelementen;
• Komprimieren des Holzdübels durch radiale Pressung auf einen Durchmesser, der etwa dem Durchmesser der Bohrung in den zu verbindenden Bauelementen entspricht;
• Einbringen des Holzdübels in die Bohrung, und
• im Zuge der radialen Pressung Einpressen einer definierten Oberflächenstruktur, vorzugsweise Querrillen, rasterförmige Erhebungen oder Vertiefungen, in den Dübel.

The WO 2000/003850 A1 discloses a prefabricated plywood element having at least three interconnected layers of immediately adjacent board or post-like woods, the woods of at least two adjacent layers having different directions, and wherein the bonding of the individual layers is effected by dowels which pass through the layers of woods. It can after the WO 2002/088483 A1 the same applicant, the woods on the surfaces located inside the plywood element have at least partially profiling. The method also disclosed by the same applicant going back WO 2007/028187 A1 Method for producing a dowel connection for timber construction elements, in particular for the glue-free connection of wall, roof and ceiling elements made of wood or glue-free timber girders, comprising the following steps:

• Producing at least one bore, in the components to be connected with a predetermined bore diameter;
• Providing a wood dowel having an outer diameter greater than the bore diameter in the components to be joined;
• Compressing the wood dowel by radial pressure to a diameter which corresponds approximately to the diameter of the bore in the components to be connected;
• Insert the wooden dowel into the hole, and
• in the course of the radial pressing pressing a defined surface structure, preferably transverse grooves, grid-shaped elevations or depressions, in the dowel.

• Zusammenpressen von auf einer Arbeitsfläche ausgelegten Lagen wenigstens im Bereich einer Verbindungsstelle gegen die Arbeitsfläche,
• Bohren eines Bohrlochs in der Verbindungsstelle, und
• Einsetzen eines Dübels in das Bohrloch, wobei während dem Bohren und dem Einbringen des Dübels die Pressung aufrecht erhalten wird.

Furthermore, from the CH 697558 B1 a layer composite element is known, which consists of several layers (3 to 7) arranged side by side, in particular board-like woods, the woods of at least two adjacent layers have different directions. The layers are preferably interspersed with dowels. Between at least two layers, a vapor-permeable intermediate layer, for example made of felt, is arranged. In addition, an adhesive in liquid or pasty form is introduced between facing surfaces of the layers during the construction of the layers and before the introduction of the dowels for the provisional position fixing of the woods. This is in the originating from the same applicant EP 1 745 899 B1 procedurally stated that should be done:

• Compressing layers laid out on a work surface at least in the region of a connection point against the work surface,
• Drilling a borehole in the joint, and
• Inserting a dowel into the wellbore while maintaining the pressure during drilling and insertion of the dowel.

Basically, the use of wooden dowels for connecting solid wood parts, for example, since 1917 from the AT 74027 known. Further examples of this are disclosed in US Pat DE 39 03 146 in the form of connecting elements, in particular dowels, for wooden parts, with protrusions arranged on the outer surfaces, such a connecting element being produced in one piece from a material by pressing or injection molding, by which the connecting element is substantially rigid in the direction of impact and transversely thereto by at least partially plastic deformation the projections is resilient, and wherein the projections are formed by threaded portions, wherein a threaded portion on one half of the dowel periphery and the other threaded portion offset on the other half of the dowel periphery and / or extending in opposite directions to the former. Also, wood profiles, such as tongue and groove joints have long been state of the art, such as the CH 292872 shows.

In general, it has to be stated in the state of the art that the developments so far in solid wood construction are almost exclusively aimed at the cost-effective production of solid wood, in particular glue-free components. A further potential for improvement both in the timber components and in their manufacturing process has not been recognized and therefore not addressed.

The aim of the present invention is to provide prefabricated building elements, such as timber construction elements, which are as optimally prepared as possible for the final destination and to minimize working requirements during construction.

For this purpose, the invention according to claim 1 creates a prefabricated component with two flat outer sides and a first and a second layer, which are fixedly connected to each other, wherein at least one of the layers on the other of the layers side facing at least one functional recess having at least one the two flat outer sides is spaced and is free of a connection function between the two layers. By virtue of the at least one functional recess extending beyond possibly existing recesses or receptacles for the connection of the two layers, the prefabricated component has, as it were, an open, cage-like structure which is advantageously suitable for receiving functional devices and / or elements. Both the at least one functional recess, which does not serve for possible connecting elements between the layers, as well as the functional devices and / or elements to be accommodated therein are realized directly in the production of the finished component, so that a post-processing of the finished component is saved after its use during construction. The processing already in the production of the finished component is simpler and more efficient and can be done under weather-independent conditions and using optimal and powerful machines and equipment, which is not everything on construction sites. The prefabricated prefabricated components can also be further treated as a unit before they are used for construction. In addition, flawless surfaces are obtained, so that the prefabricated components provide inner and outer surfaces that have no unwanted openings, bumps or edges.

It may be preferable that a plurality of functional recesses - as already mentioned, those not provided for accommodating any connecting elements penetrating a plurality of layers to connect them - be contained in a prefabricated component, wherein such multiple functional recesses within the same layer and / or within different Layers can be arranged. Further preferred embodiments of the at least one non-connection-relevant functional recess and preferably a plurality of such functional recesses consist in that each such functional recess can be configured channel-like, passage-like or container-like. Furthermore, any non-connection-relevant functional recess within the layer in which it is arranged itself, or in the layer to which it is adjacent, can be widened and / or connected to a passage to a further layer or an outer side and connected to such a passage stand. Furthermore, non-connection-relevant functional recesses in adjacent layers can be aligned and / or combined with one another, wherein in particular also three or more layers may have aligned and combined non-connection-relevant functional recesses.

Preferably, the layers are layers of solid material, and / or preferably at least one of the layers contains at least substantially a renewable and / or biodegradable raw material, particularly preferably wood, in particular solid wood. It is further preferred that the at least one solid wood layer consists of solid wood boards and / or rods, and even more preferably, if two solid wood layers each of solid wood boards and / or rods are immediately adjacent, the solid wood boards and / or rods of two adjacent ones Solid wood layers are aligned unequal to each other, which may also be combined with some, such as two or three or four layers with parallel aligned, but with respect to the layers in particular partially overlapping solid wood boards and / or rods.

Furthermore, it can be provided with preference that the at least two layers, in particular solid wood layers, are glued-free and, in particular, interconnected by means of engagement elements, preferably by means of dowels made in particular of the same base material as the massive material layers. Preferably, dowels made of hardwood are combined with solid wood layers of softer wood than the dowels for joining. Furthermore, it is preferred if the layers, in particular solid wood layers, are connected in pairs by means of dowels. If more than two layers are included, the axial length of the dowels may also be longer than the thickness of two layers and shorter than the thickness of three layers. Generally speaking, the axial length of the dowels is, with particular preference, shorter than the total thickness of the layers in which the dowel engages; thereby, an affected side of a layer is not obtained from either the dowel or a dowel receiving bore, which is different from any functional recess according to the invention and which is present in addition to any functional recess. In other words, according to this preferred embodiment, the insertion of the dowels used are spaced in the interior of a layer from the outside thereof.

In the above preferred embodiment, dowel receiving bores are provided which are to be distinguished from any functional recess according to the invention. Insofar as in the present documents of one or more Funktionsausnehmung (s) is mentioned, so are recesses meant that do not serve for the inclusion of engagement elements or specifically dowels, so do not contribute to a connection function between the layers. This is expressed by the words "non-connection-relevant functional recess" or "connection-irrelevant functional recess" or "connection-function-free functional recess" for the functional recess according to the invention.

In particular, it is preferred if the at least one connection-irrelevant or connection-function-free functional recess is designed for thermal insulation, heat storage, fire retardation, fire protection, improved statics, lighting, daylighting, building biology, energy-saving and comfort functions, improved sound insulation.

• Winddichtigkeit
• Luftdichtigkeit an der Innenseite der Außenwand
• verbesserter Luftschallschutz aufgrund verbesserter Luftdichtigkeit
• aktive Be- und Entlüftung (mit Wärmerückgewinnung bzw. Vorkühlung)
• aktiver Brandschutz
• Körper- und Trittschalldämmung
• Verbesserung der Raumluftqualität
• Regulierung der Raumluftfeuchte
• erhöhte thermische Isolation
• erhöhte Wärmespeicherung
• indirekte elektrische Beleuchtung
• Tageslichtbeleuchtung
• zusätzlicher Wärmeschutz für Fensteröffnungen
• zusätzlicher Einbruchschutz

Important, desirable and useful functions of connection function-free or non-connection-relevant function recesses of such components are also preferably in the following areas:

• windproof
• Air tightness on the inside of the outer wall
• improved airborne sound insulation due to improved airtightness
• active ventilation (with heat recovery or pre-cooling)
• active fire protection
• Body and footfall sound insulation
• Improvement of indoor air quality
• Regulation of room humidity
• increased thermal insulation
• increased heat storage
• indirect electric lighting
• Daylighting
• additional heat protection for window openings
• additional burglary protection

The implementation of such functions is based according to the invention and with the attendant advantages directly on the particular three-dimensional structure of the layer structures and in particular laminated wood structures and on the process flow of their production, the structures and arrangements necessary for implementation realized directly in the material of the layers and preferably of the solid wood are.

Thus, e.g. the necessary channels for guiding the exhaust air or fresh air for active loading and / or ventilation already be provided in the interior of the three-dimensional structure of a finished prefabricated element in the form of a wall or ceiling element and no longer have to be separated into finished or finished wall or ceiling Ceiling elements incorporated and above all still be disguised or attached separately outside of the prefabricated element and / or displayed with non-wood materials. Thus, in accordance with preferred embodiments, air guide channels and inlet and outlet openings are provided as inventive connection-irrelevant or connection-function-free functional recesses, wherein furthermore with preference control devices, such as e.g. Flaps, panels or wings are provided.

A direct or indirect lighting with bulbs, such as with modern LED bulbs, can be placed using the three-dimensional structure already in their preparation in the interior of the finished component in the form of a wall or ceiling element, and no longer has to put on this or subsequently be incorporated therein with the requirement then still be closed and / or disguised. This provides in a further advantageous manner e.g. special lighting effects without having to create additional space. In the context of the corresponding preferred embodiment, cable ducts for supply and / or control cables as well as receiving openings for light sources and / or outlet openings for light are provided as connection function-free or connection-irrelevant functional recesses according to the invention.

Thus, a particular indirect illumination by means of at least one inventive connection irrelevant functional recess of the finished component is to be realized. This can be, in particular, an LED room lighting with a very high proportion of indirect light, wherein it is further exploited that LED lights have an extremely long life (up to 200,000 hours) and in the smaller Designs with not too high power (less than 1 watt rated power) require no additional active cooling and release only minimal heat loss to the environment. Inside the timber construction elements, integrated, modern electrical lighting with low energy consumption, DC power supply and modern LED lighting elements can be realized. Additionally, in lighting devices, an active adjustability of direct or indirect illumination may be provided by actively changing the placement or emission direction or emitting surface of the lighting devices or means, such as LEDs, via a mechanism within the finished device during use.

Furthermore, the at least one erfmdungsgemäße connection function-free Funktionsausnehmung the finished component also serve for wiring purposes between the outside and the inside of the installed prefabricated element, for example, to realize a complete solar-assisted and advantageously network-independent lighting system. For this purpose, mounted on the outside (after the installation of the finished component) of the prefabricated photovoltaic facade panels and on or in (see above) the inside (after installation of the prefabricated component) of the finished LED LED lighting, which in the prefabrication of the finished component already can be done. The connecting lines, any control and / or even suitable storage units are accommodated in the at least one functional recess according to the invention. In addition, for example, be implemented with a limited light output and a connection to the conventional power grid emergency lighting system.

Wooden buildings still suffer from the widespread prejudice of an increased fire hazard, even if the opposite is proven. This market-obstructive prejudice can be counteracted by integrating an additional, active fire protection function into the components. In case of fire, similar to a sprinkler system, active water is released inside the timber element. The heat of evaporation of the released amount of water and the resulting water vapor actively counteract the fire. If the fire fights in time and the damage to the wooden structure can be limited in time, escapes the leaked water through the diffusion-open structure of the components in a relatively short time back to the outside, there are no permanent structural damage to be expected. As inventive and connection-irrelevant functional recesses extinguishing and / or Feuerdämmkanäle and in particular also extinguishing agent supply receiving spaces are provided in this advantageous variant.

It can be integrated in the prefabricated component as well as within the three-dimensional solid wood structure passive fire protection elements (for walls, ceilings, roof) for automatic fire protection. These passive fire protection elements are in each case accommodated in a functional function-free functional recess according to the invention and are activated, for example, by a melting process at significantly high temperatures (for example, from about 60 ° C.), so that they release a quantity of water stored in them, which dries the adjacent wood layers and a Additionally inhibit or prevent inflammation. As such fire protection elements, for example, plastic pipes with a defined melting temperature can be arranged in functional recesses according to the invention and thus between adjacent layers, which means concealed installation. Furthermore, for fire protection within the three-dimensional solid wood structure, alternatively or additionally active elements (for walls, ceilings, roof) can be integrated for the fire protection. These are activated eg by an electronic valve control and a smoke or fire sensor and set a defined, limited amount of water, which drenched the adjacent layers of wood and additionally inhibit a fire. After successful fire fighting, the prefabricated component can dry out slowly, in particular by a diffusion-open design, without long-term damage being expected. Particularly advantageous is the use of fire protection elements that act both passive and active, so that even in case of failure or failure of active fire fighting ultimately the passive fire protection is automatically effective without further effort.

The combination of solid wood construction with earth construction elements is ideally suited to the implementation of important building biological functions. The integration of clay elements already in the three-dimensional structure of the solid wood components is a reference to the well-known for centuries truss principle, with the described advantages of prefabrication over the artisanal execution on site. The disadvantage of the subsequent introduction of clay construction elements is the entry of large amounts of building moisture and the subsequent long necessary dry period. The combination of solid wood and clay even before delivery of the components can thus represent an important time factor for a fast and largely dry erection of the building. Clay can have different functions: increased heat storage (factor 2-4 over solid wood), moisture regulation and odor retention are just a few functions. In addition, clay represents interesting and highly variable design options for building design and as a contrast to the strict wood structure. Clay is also an ideal material for the embedding of components for wall surface heating or cooling. Thus, the connection-irrelevant and thus erfmdungsgemäßen functional recesses in this type are preferably in a clay layer or a clay element and are designed for receiving and conducting of heating and / or cooling currents.

In the case of the prefabricated component, channels can also be provided within the three-dimensional solid wood structure from the component inside to the component outside, which serve in particular by means of control devices, such as flaps, panels or wings, adjustable and / or adjustable active or passive room ventilation and / or room ventilation, furthermore preferably electrical and / or mechanical actuators are provided, which are manually and / or automatically actuated. The control devices, such as flaps, panels or wings, may be metal, plastic, glass, stone or wood or artificial substitutes therefor or combinations thereof. In particular, a function of a decentralized, adjustable and / or adjustable active or passive room ventilation and / or room ventilation can be realized by the channels from the component inside to the component outside by a heat exchanger effect for heat recovery from the exhaust air in winter or for pre-cooling the fresh air in the summer, for example realized over a temporal change of the air flow in the same channels or constant air flows in separate running channels in the countercurrent principle. The active air movement is realized for example via radial or axial fans. Both the collection of spent room air and the introduction of fresh air can be realized via a system of many smaller, distributed over the wall surface inlet and outlet openings, whereby disturbing effects of trains are largely eliminated. For prefiltering the air and as a heat buffer clay elements can be used in the interior of the finished component. Of particular advantage, these embodiments in combination with the previously structurally explained Windproofness of each individual layer of the layer structure, in particular without any foreign components, ie by means of the above-mentioned suitable profiling.

A further embodiment variant is that active elements for the function of a wall surface heating are integrated in the prefabricated component within the three-dimensional solid wood structure. The active elements may be hot water pipes or even electrical resistance heating elements. As an embedding, heat radiating and storing compound, a clay-like mass pre-dried before delivery is preferably used in the functional recesses of the wall structures according to the invention, which may extend to the inner, visible surface of the prefabricated building elements. Similarly, in the prefabricated building element within the three-dimensional solid wood structure, active elements may be integrated for the function of wall surface cooling. The active elements can e.g. Be cold water leading pipes. For optimizing the cooling effect, a clay-like mass pre-dried in the connection function-free functional recesses of the wall structures can be used, which can extend to the inner, visible surface of the prefabricated components. Preferably, the active elements for wall surface heating and cooling are designed so that both functions are alternatively possible. The heating and the cooling function can thus be achieved in an advantageous manner by the same structural designs as a function of the water temperature in the said tubes, which represents a further particular advantage.

Yet another function of the inventively non-functional function recesses in the finished component according to the invention is that within the three-dimensional solid wood structure active and / or passive elements are integrated to increase the heat storage capacity in the Funktionsausnehmungen invention. This is realized by a filling of the connection function-free Funktionsausnehmungen with suitable materials that have a higher heat storage capacity, such as clay-based materials, or by the placement of latent heat storage elements in the erfmdungsgemäßen functional recesses. In the same way, passive elements for passive and / or active moisture regulation can be integrated within the three-dimensional solid wood structure by means of the connection-irrelevant functional recesses in the prefabricated structural elements according to the invention. This is achieved by filling the functional recesses according to the invention with clay-like materials which actively influence the room humidity due to their large inner surface and their sorption capacity. In dry rooms stored moisture is released, from rooms of high humidity this is recorded and stored. As a welcome side-effect, unpleasant odors are more quickly removed from the room air (through absorption / adsorption on a correspondingly large interior surface of the clay-like materials). For both functions in connection with clay-like or -basigem mass, the free, in the building state an interior of a building facing the inside of the prefabricated components contain at least one erfmdungsgemäße functional recess, which additionally comprise or may contain a cage-like structure, wherein the cage-like structure contains cavities, the can be filled with the clay-like or -basierenden material, or which cage-like structure can serve as a reinforcement for the clay-like or -basierende mass, which then forms a layer, as it were.

Furthermore, in the case of the prefabricated component according to the invention, an increased value of thermal insulation can be realized by the at least one functional function recess within the three-dimensional solid wood structure by creating a cage-like structure with very large air chambers enclosed therein by means of the functional recess according to the invention. The resulting lightweight construction not only has thermally advantageous properties, but is also suitable for other applications in which a lower density of the elements is desirable.

It is also possible to create a special thermal wall feeling by designing and using the at least one connection-relevant functional recess of the prefabricated component according to the invention for creating open and particularly insulating structures. This effect can also be used in sauna construction.

The at least one erfmdungsgemäße connection function-free functional recess of the finished component can also serve to accommodate passive elements for sound insulation (structure-borne noise, impact sound). The functional recess according to the invention is filled for this purpose with sand, with loosely poured loam powder, with soft wood fiber material, with wood shavings or wood chips, with expanded clay or with mineralized cellulose (isoflock) or the like or combinations thereof. This filling in the interior of the finished component provides a contribution to the attenuation of structure-borne noise. A particularly high sound insulation is achieved if in several layers of the finished component different, such as differently dense filling materials are used in combination, such as. a layer of sand combined with a layer of wood shavings. This design is particularly preferably used for interior walls, walls between inhabited units and for false ceilings.

It is also possible to integrate passive elements for sound refraction in the at least one connection-irrelevant functional recess of the finished component according to the invention. This can e.g. be implemented by an open, cage-like structure of the prefabricated component by means of at least one functional function free function function, which breaks open, cage-like structure incident sound and drastically reduces the reflection. There are no additional, non-wood components needed.

In the prefabricated building elements according to the invention, integrated interior door elements with a particularly high soundproofing effect can also be realized.

Similarly, noise protection against external noise, i. from the environment, be achieved by suitable designs of at least one functional recess according to the invention

A further possibility of the embodiment of the at least one connection-irrelevant functional recess of the finished component according to the invention is to integrate special components for active daylight introduction into the finished component in or by means of the at least one functional function recess, whereby a large amount of light can be conducted into a building constructed from such prefabricated components , And advantageously still only a slight heat loss may occur in the outer shell.

As a further design variant of the at least one connection-irrelevant functional recess of the finished component according to the invention, it is possible to provide controlled active daylight guidance within the three-dimensional solid wood structure by combination with transparent or translucent elements is created in the interior of the building, which are not designed as classic windows and which combine a light inlet with a very low heat loss.

The at least one connection-function-free functional recess of the prefabricated component can also be used and designed accordingly that it receives active elements for active thermal protection of windows and exterior doors functional elements that can be activated at night or in phases of non-use of the building. Thus, an active burglary protection for windows and exterior doors can be realized. For example, metallic protective elements (bars, grates, etc.) can be arranged to be retractable. But also for the darkening of windows corresponding movable covers can be housed in connection irrelevant Funktionsausnehmungen. But just to darken, for example, windows and glass doors, elements for transparent thermal insulation (TWD), solar thermal or photovoltaic panels corresponding movable covers can be housed in connection irrelevant Funktionsaufnehmungen and activated / deactivated manually or via a motor / pneumatic actuation.

Yet another embodiment of the prefabricated component by the at least one connection function-free function recess according to the invention is that in the latter power and / or control lines are housed in particular for multimedia and communication, especially in a general network and later desired and / or changeable circuitry. Furthermore, media elements (screens, loudspeaker systems, etc.) can advantageously be integrated into the prefabricated component by connection-irrelevant functional recesses according to the invention, even on the free sides. A perfect look without disturbing cables or other "flying" components is possible in a flexible way. Thus, alternatively or additionally, an integrated, wireless or cable-based sensor system for implementing an (electrically) intelligent house (temperature measurement and control, room humidity measurement, fire detection, light measurement and control, etc.) can be created.

The design of the finished component with the at least one erfmdungsgemäßen connection function-free Funktionsausnehmung it is also possible in an advantageous manner to realize the installation of water, sewage, heating and other liquid-carrying lines in an optimally protected and isolated environment, for example, optimal for a Antifreeze and / or provide thermal insulation.

The at least one inventive and thus connection-irrelevant functional recess of the finished component can also be designed to accommodate at least one functional element for subsequent on-site assembly. Here, e.g. Mounting bracket made of hardwood or prefabricated threads for solid wood mounting elements in the prefabrication of the finished component are provided and housed, such as plug-in or extendable fasteners. Thus, rational, economical and / or particularly stable joining techniques are possible, which are predominantly or completely based on wood connection. Corrosion, stress effects and negative influence on e.g. the fire safety of metallic or plastic connectors are thereby reduced or eliminated.

Furthermore, the at least one connection-function-free functional recess according to the invention of the finished component can be designed and used in order to be applied to the surface and inside of the prefabricated component, such as a timber component, integrated mounting and mounting systems for assemblies, including suspended mounts to realize.

It is of particular advantage that the design of the prefabricated component with the at least one inventive connection-independent functional recess and preferably a plurality of such

Function recesses allows that, depending on customer requirements or requirements, several of the above-described functions in the same prefabricated component can be combined with each other, depending on the function, the embodiments spatially separated in different such function recesses or spatially combined in common such Funktionsausnehmungen be realized.

• wobei die Holzkomponenten leim- oder kleberfrei und/oder mittels Holzdübeln miteinander verbunden sind,
• wobei die Holzkomponenten vorzugsweise Trägerkomponenten sind und/oder aus bis zu vierseitig profiliertem massivem Holz, beispielsweise Weichholz, aber auch Hartholz ist möglich, bestehen,
• wobei die Holzkomponenten in Lagen zur Bildung der Schichten angeordnet sind, und wobei ferner bevorzugt die Holzkomponenten in zwei benachbarten Lagen Ausrichtungen oder Orientierungen haben, die unter einem Winkel von größer 0 ° bis zu 90 ° zueinander verlaufen, wobei aber auch mit Vorzug z.B. zwei oder drei oder vier Lagen mit parallel ausgerichteten, aber insbesondere teilweise überlappenden Holzkomponenten und wenigstens eine weitere Lage mit Holzkomponenten unter einem Winkel von größer 0 ° bis zu 90 ° zu den parallelen Lagen aus statischen Gründen vorteilhaft verwendet werden können,
• wobei die Holzkomponenten in Lagen zur Bildung der Schichten angeordnet sind, und wobei ferner bevorzugt die Holzkomponenten benachbarter Lagen durch vorzugsweise eine Vielzahl von Eingriffselementen kraft- und/oder formschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind, welche Eingriffselemente oder Verbinderkomponenten insbesondere massive hölzerne oder Holzdübel sind, die weiter mit Vorzug eine Oberflächenstruktur und/oder asymmetrische Gestaltung insbesondere für eine Rückhaltefunktion aufweisen, und/oder
• wobei die Holzkomponenten benachbarter Lagen oder Schichten mittels Eingriffselementen oder Verbinderkomponenten, wie insbesondere hölzerne oder Holzdübel, miteinander verbunden sind, welche Eingriffselemente oder Verbinderkomponenten eine axiale Länge haben, die kürzer als die Dicke der Lagen ist, die sie durch Eingriff verbinden, und/oder insbesondere in nur zwei bis maximal drei Lagen von Holz- oder Trägerkomponenten eingreifen, und/oder
• wobei die Holzkomponenten benachbarter Lagen oder Schichten mittels Eingriffselementen oder Verbinderkomponenten, wie insbesondere hölzerne oder Holzdübel, miteinander verbunden sind und in einer äußeren von miteinander verbundenen benachbarten Lagen oder Schichten für die Aufnahme der Eingriffselemente nur Sacklöcher enthalten sind, während in der anderen oder den anderen der miteinander verbundenen benachbarten Lagen oder Schichten Durchgangslöcher für die Aufnahme der Eingriffselemente enthalten sind, welche Durchgangslöcher und Sacklöcher miteinander ausgerichtet sind.

Hereinafter, further preferred and advantageous embodiments of the finished component according to the invention are given. Thus, the prefabricated building element may preferably have a three-dimensional structure of layers of solid wood components, such as boards, beams, rods, rods and the like, referred to above as a solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or rods, in particular

• wherein the wood components are glue- or glue-free and / or connected to each other by means of wooden dowels,
• wherein the wood components are preferably carrier components and / or from up to four-sided profiled solid wood, for example softwood, but also hardwood is possible exist,
• wherein the wood components are arranged in layers for forming the layers, and further preferably wherein the wood components in two adjacent layers have orientations or orientations which extend at an angle of greater than 0 ° to 90 ° to each other, but with preference also two or two three or four layers with parallel aligned but in particular partially overlapping wood components and at least one further layer with wood components at an angle of greater than 0 ° up to 90 ° to the parallel layers can be advantageously used for static reasons,
• wherein the wood components are arranged in layers for forming the layers, and further preferably, the wood components of adjacent layers by preferably a plurality of engaging elements are non-positively and / or positively connected to each other, which engaging elements or connector components are in particular solid wooden or wooden dowels, which further with Preferably have a surface structure and / or asymmetric design, in particular for a retention function, and / or
• wherein the wood components of adjacent plies or layers are interconnected by means of engaging elements or connector components, in particular wooden or wood dowels, which engagement elements or connector components have an axial length shorter than the thickness of the plies connecting them by engagement, and / or in particular engage in only two to a maximum of three layers of wood or carrier components, and / or
• wherein the wood components of adjacent layers or layers are interconnected by means of engaging elements or connector components, in particular wooden or wooden dowels, and in an outer of interconnected adjacent layers or layers for receiving the engagement elements only blind holes are included, while in the other or the other interconnected adjacent layers or layers containing through holes for receiving the engagement elements, which through holes and blind holes are aligned with each other.

Furthermore, the prefabricated building element can be joined layer by layer, wherein in each individual layer, prior to joining to an adjacent layer, the surface facing its particular adjacent layer and thus after joining adjacent layers in the interior of the layers, the structures required for specific functions in the form of functional function recesses according to the invention are incorporated, such as, for example, by milling, drilling, sawing, and the like, and / or wherein functional, partly foreign wood elements are incorporated in at least one layer, such as Tubes, hoses, fans, bulbs, mineral materials, etc.

Alternatively or additionally, the prefabricated building element may be joined layer by layer and the layers may consist of solid wood components, such as boards, beams, rods, rods and the like, referred to above as solid wood layers of solid wood boards and / or rods, wherein at least two and at most in all layers of the wood components within each such layer via suitable profiles, such as Tongue-and-groove profiles or wedge or crown galvanizing, are tightly connected with each other, so that the function of wind-tightness is given perpendicular to the layers. Due to the special shaping of the lateral profiling of the solid wooden carrier components or wood components, by their variable width and their overlapping arrangement, a high degree of windproofness is permanently ensured without the introduction of wood-foreign substances.

With preference can be provided to increase the static load capacity also that individual layers or layers of the finished component consist of different materials, such as a combination of solid wood layers each of solid wood boards and / or rods of softwood and hardwood, for example, alternately softwood and Hardwood layers build the finished component. But it can also be e.g. two or three hardwood layers provided consecutively and be covered by a respective softwood layer.

The prefabricated components according to the invention are particularly suitable through their prefabrication to be connected in a rational, easy and fast way to complete buildings, in particular wooden structures, wherein the connection via solid wooden fasteners and / or metallic fasteners, such as screws done.

The invention also provides a production method for a finished component with two flat outer sides and a first and a second layer, which are firmly connected to each other, wherein in the first layer at least one functional recess, the at least one of the two flat outer sides is spaced and is free of a connection function between the two layers on which the other of the layers later side is introduced before the first layer with the second, the at least one function recess overlapping layer is firmly connected. Preferably, a second, third, fourth, etc. layer can be added and provided together with at least one connection-irrelevant functional recess, before a further layer covering the at least one connection-irrelevant functional recess is added. In this case, before or after the addition of the further layer covering the at least one connection-independent functional recess, for example the first and the second, or the first, second and third or the first and second and then together with the third or the first, second, third and fourth or the first, second and third and then together with the fourth layer temporarily for processing or already fixed in position or finally firmly connected, etc.

A preferred further refinement of this is that layers of solid material layers are used and / or preferably at least one of the layers contains at least essentially a renewable and / or biodegradable raw material, particularly preferably wood, in particular solid wood. It is still further preferred that the at least one solid wood layer is composed of solid wood boards and / or rods, which solid wood boards and / or rods of the at least one solid wood layer are laid out in one plane and then joined to the second layer. Preferably, the solid wood boards and / or rods of the at least one solid wood layer are temporarily fixed in position at the workplace before being connected to the second layer. It is also possible to use the solid wood boards and / or rods of the at least one solid wood layer to construct the second layer, which is built up on the first layer and then joined to the latter. Prior to joining the two layers, the at least one erfmdungsgemäße connection function-free functional recess is incorporated into one, preferably in the underlying layer in the connection step, such as milling, drilling, sawing or the like, and then the second layer is placed or built on it.

A particularly preferred variant of the production method according to the invention consists in the fact that the first layer of solid wood boards and / or rods is constructed to form a first solid wood layer and temporarily fixed in position at the workstation, that any desired or required functional connection free functional recess according to the invention is inserted into this first solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or or -stäben is incorporated, such as by milling, drilling, sawing or the like, that thereafter a second solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or bars is constructed on the first solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or rods so that any such functional recess in the first solid wood layer is covered and that the solid wood boards and / or rods of the second solid wood layer are aligned or oriented in a direction that is in the direction of alignment or orientation of the solid wood boards and / or rods of the first solid wood layer at an angle of greater than 0 ° and up to 90 °, or in other words, that the second solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or rods so constructed on the first solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or rods is that the solid wood boards and / or rods of the adjacent solid wood layers are aligned unequal to each other, and that finally the first and the second solid wood layer are firmly and permanently connected to each other.

As a variant thereof, prior to firmly joining the first and second layers of solid wood, a third layer of solid wood may still be built up on the second layer of solid wood, preferably in the same way as the second layer of solid wood has been built on the first layer of solid wood, and may possibly comprise further layers of solid wood be constructed according to, and then all stacked solid wood layers are temporarily fixed to each other and so then firmly and permanently connected. According to the invention, functional recesses which are free of connection function and thus functional can be incorporated in the previously constructed solid wood layer prior to the construction of the next solid wood layer, whereby such a functional recess can also extend over the entire thickness of a solid wood layer without restriction.

Furthermore, it can be provided with preference that the at least two layers, in particular solid wood layers, are bonded together without glue and in particular by means of engagement elements, preferably by means of dowels of, in particular, the same base material as the layers of solid material. Preferably, for connecting dowels made of hardwood with solid wood layers of softer wood than the dowels are combined. Furthermore, it is preferred if the layers, in particular solid wood layers, are connected in pairs by means of dowels.

For joining by means of engagement elements, such as in particular the dowels, holes are introduced into the layers to be joined together, possibly after the temporary fixing relative to one another and further possibly solid wood layers of solid wood boards and / or rods from the topmost layer forth, at least reach into the lowest layer and into which then the engagement elements, in particular the dowels, are inserted, pressed, hammered or shot. Instead of dowels and screws from wood, metal, plastic or other, such as pressed materials can be used, for which purpose the holes can be configured with or without internal thread.

If more than two layers are included, the axial length of the dowels may also be longer than the thickness of two layers and, for example, shorter than the thickness of three layers. Generally speaking, the axial length of the dowels is, with particular preference, shorter than the thickness of the layers in which the dowel engages; As a result, a side of a layer impaired neither by the dowel nor by a dowel receiving bore is obtained. In other words, according to this preferred embodiment, the insertion of the dowels used are spaced in the interior of a layer from the outside thereof.

Further preferred method steps are the detection of the layers and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or rods of the laid-out first layer and the detection of the layers and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or rods of the second and, if appropriate, further layer built thereon, and the Determining drill locations for holes for receiving engagement elements, in particular dowels, where a hole solid wood boards and / or rods of all involved layers at a predetermined distance from the edge of all involved solid wood boards and / or rods concerns and the creation of such holes. Preferably, the detection of layers and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or rods optically followed by image recognition electronics, the determination of desired or suitable drilling locations with a computing electronics, and the creation of such holes is automated and controlled based on the results of the computer electronics. The holes for receiving engagement elements are clearly distinguishable from the connection function-free function recesses according to the invention, which just serve according to the invention for any functions except the connection function of layers with each other or with each other.

It is further preferred if the position and dimensions of any present invention connection-irrelevant Funktionsausnehmungen is detected and such Bohrorte holes for receiving engagement elements, in particular dowels, are determined where no such Funktionsausnehmung is. Preferably, the detections of layers and dimensions of such functional recesses according to the invention take place optically with downstream image recognition electronics, the determination of desired ones takes place or suitable drilling locations with computational electronics, and the creation of such bores is automated and controlled based on the results of the computational electronics.

More preferably, the consideration of layers and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or rods in the individual layers and according to the invention compound irrelevant or connection function-free Funktionsausnehmungen in the individual layers combined. Further, it is preferable if a basic pattern of holes or minimum and maximum distances of holes are or are and the computer electronics from the results of the determination of the positions and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or bars in the individual layers and the location and dimensions of any existing inventive Funktionsausnehmungen in the individual layers on the one hand and depending on the basic pattern of holes or minimum and maximum distances from drilling optimally located drill locations determined or determined.

• automatisches Entnehmen von Rohware zur Herstellung von Massivholzschichten aus Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben aus einem Lager,
• insbesondere automatisches Hobeln und/oder Kehlen von/der Rohware zur Herstellung von gehobelten und/oder gekehlten Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben für Massivholzschichten,
• insbesondere automatisches Zurechtschneiden von gehobelten und/oder gekehlten Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben zur Herstellung von Massivholzschichten mit einer Kappsäge,
• insbesondere automatisches Vorsortieren von gehobelten und/oder gekehlten sowie zurechtgeschnittenen Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben zur Herstellung von Massivholzschichten,
• insbesondere automatisches Vorauswählen von Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben passend für eine Massivholzschicht zur Vorbereitung des Verlegens zu Massivholzschichten,
• insbesondere jeweils automatisch Auslegen einer ersten Massivholzschicht aus Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben auf eine Unterseite, Lagefixieren der ersten Massivholzschicht, ggf. Erstellen wenigstens einer erfindungsgemäß verbindungsirrelevanten oder verbindungsfunktionsfreien Funktionsausnehmung durch Fräsen, Bohren, Sägen oder dergleichen in der frei zugänglichen Oberseite der ersten Massivholzschicht, Erfassen und Speichern der Lagen und Dimensionen der Massivholzbretter und/oder -stäbe sowie aller erstellten erfmdungsgemäßen Funktionsausnehmungen, Wiederholen dieser Schritte für jede weitere Massivholzschicht bis zur packungsobersten Massivholzschicht, Ermitteln der optimalen Orte für die Anbringung von Eingriffseinrichtungen und Bohren von Aufnahmelöchern für die Eingriffseinrichtungen an diesen Orten, festes Verbinden der untersten bis zur obersten Massivholzschicht durch Einbringen der Eingriffseinrichtungen in die dafür erstellten Bohrungen, Wiederholen dieser Schritte zum Hinzufügen weiterer Schichten und zum Vergrößern der Packung von Schichten bis die Enddicke des Fertigbauelements erreicht ist,
• insbesondere automatisches oder teilautomatisches Fertigbearbeiten zur Erlangung der Endform des Fertigbauelements sowie zur Erstellung von Zu- und Abgängen in den Außenschichten, von Durchgängen durch das gesamte Fertigbauelement und von Ausschnitten (z.B. für Fenster, Türen und dergleichen) in dem Fertigbauelement insbesondere mittels Kreissägen, Tellerfräsen, Fräsen, Bohrern, Ausschnittsägen und dergleichen vorzugsweise an einem Abbundportal, wobei das Fertigbearbeiten im Gegensatz zu Aufbauprinzipien von und mit gattungsgemäßen Fertigbauelementen des Standes der Technik jeweils an einzelnen Schichten oder an mehreren Schichten, wie beispielsweise drei bis vier Schichten, im Paket durchgeführt werden kann, wodurch nicht nur sehr große Werkzeuge, wie z.B. Kreissägen von etwa und größer als 1 m Durchmesser, wie sie für Bearbeitungen an gattungsgemäßen Fertigbauelementen des Standes der Technik erforderlich sind, und die damit verbundenen hohen Kosten vermieden werden können, sondern es auch beispielsweise bei der Fertigbearbeitung eines Fensterausschnittes möglich ist, mit einer kleinen Kreissäge fast bis zum Ausschnittende in einer Ecke auszuarbeiten, ohne auf Fräswerkzeuge zurück zu greifen, und/oder
• insbesondere manuelle Endbearbeitung mittels Handsägen, Handfräsen und Handbohrern sowie Montage von Ein- und Anbauten.

In the case of the production method according to the invention, it is further preferred if one or more of the following method steps are contained:

• automatic removal of raw material for the production of solid wood layers of solid wood boards and / or rods from a warehouse,
• in particular automatic planing and / or throuting of the raw material for producing planed and / or grooved solid wood boards and / or bars for solid wood layers,
• in particular automatic trimming of planed and / or grooved solid wood boards and / or bars for the production of solid wood layers with a chop saw,
• in particular automatic presorting of planed and / or grooved and cut solid wood boards and / or rods for the production of solid wood layers,
• in particular automatic preselection of solid wood boards and / or bars suitable for a solid wood layer in preparation for laying to solid wood layers,
• in particular in each case automatically laying out a first solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or bars on a lower side, fixing the first solid wood layer, optionally creating at least one inventive connection irrelevant or connection function-free function recess by milling, drilling, sawing or the like in the freely accessible top of the first solid wood layer, Detecting and storing the layers and dimensions of the solid wood boards and / or rods and all created functional recesses, repeating these steps for each additional solid wood layer up to the pack top solid wood layer, determining the optimal locations for the attachment of engagement means and drilling of receiving holes for the engagement means on these Locating, firmly connecting the bottom to the top solid wood layer by inserting the engagement means in the holes created, repeating this Steps for adding further layers and increasing the packing of layers until the final thickness of the finished device is reached,
• in particular automatic or semi-automatic finishing for obtaining the final shape of the finished component and for creating entrances and exits in the outer layers, passages through the entire prefabricated component and cutouts (eg for windows, doors and the like) in the prefabricated component, in particular by means of circular saws, disc milling, Milling, drills, cutting saws and the like preferably at a Abbundportal, wherein the finishing in contrast to construction principles of and with generic prefabricated components of the prior art in each case on individual layers or on several layers, such as three to four layers, can be performed in the package, which not only very large tools such For example, circular saws of about and greater than 1 m in diameter, as they are required for machining on generic prefabricated components of the prior art, and the associated high costs can be avoided, but it is also possible, for example, in the finishing of a window, with a small Create a circular saw in a corner almost to the end of the cut without resorting to milling tools and / or
• in particular manual finishing by means of hand saws, hand milling and hand drills as well as installation of add-ons and attachments.

Still further preferred and / or advantageous method steps and features result from the analogous implementation of the device features, as well as device features which disclose corresponding device features.

Further preferred and / or advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and their combinations as well as the entire present application documents and in particular the explanations and illustrations of exemplary embodiments in the description and the drawings.

Fig. 1

eine schematische perspektivische und auseinander gezogene Ansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fertigbauelements oder eines Ausschnittes daraus mit Funktionsausnehmungen zeigt,

Fig. 2

eine schematische perspektivische und auseinander gezogene Ansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fertigbauelements oder eines Ausschnittes daraus mit Funktionsausnehmungen zeigt,

Fig. 3

eine schematische perspektivische und auseinander gezogene Ansicht eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fertigbauelements oder eines Ausschnittes daraus mit Funktionsausnehmungen zeigt,

Fig. 4

eine schematische perspektivische und auseinander gezogene Ansicht eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fertigbauelements oder eines Ausschnittes daraus mit Funktionsausnehmungen zeigt,

Fig. 5

eine schematische perspektivische und auseinander gezogene Ansicht eines fünften Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fertigbauelements oder eines Ausschnittes daraus mit Funktionsausnehmungen zeigt,

Fig. 6

eine schematische perspektivische und auseinander gezogene Ansicht eines sechsten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fertigbauelements oder eines Ausschnittes daraus mit Funktionsausnehmungen zeigt,

Fig. 7

eine schematische perspektivische und auseinander gezogene Ansicht eines siebten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fertigbauelements oder eines Ausschnittes daraus mit Funktionsausnehmungen zeigt,

Fig. 8

eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht eines fertigen exemplarischen Fertigbauelements oder eines Ausschnittes daraus gemäß den ersten bis siebten Ausführungsbeispielen in einem grundsätzlichen Aufbau zeigt,

Fig. 9a bis e

je in einer schematischen Schnittansicht weitere Ausführungsbeispiele eines Fertigbauelements oder eines Ausschnittes daraus zeigen,

Fig. 10a bis c

je in einer schematischen und geschnittenen Teilansicht noch weitere Ausführungsbeispiele eines Fertigbauelements zeigen,

Fig. 11a bis r

in einer schematischen Seiten- und Draufsicht (a und b) sowie in schematischen Schnittansichten (c bis r) und in noch einer weiteren schematischen Seitenansicht (s) Ausführungsbeispiele für Dübel zeigen, und

Fig. 12

schematisch in einem Diagramm ein grundsätzliches Ausführungsbeispiel für ein Herstellungsverfahren eines exemplarischen Fertigbauelements zeigt.

The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example only with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing, in which:

Fig. 1

3 shows a schematic perspective and exploded view of a first exemplary embodiment of a prefabricated component or a section thereof with functional recesses,

Fig. 2

1 shows a schematic perspective and exploded view of a second exemplary embodiment of a prefabricated component or a section thereof with functional recesses,

Fig. 3

3 shows a schematic perspective and exploded view of a third exemplary embodiment of a prefabricated component or a section thereof with functional recesses,

Fig. 4

3 shows a schematic perspective and exploded view of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a prefabricated component or a section thereof with functional recesses,

Fig. 5

3 shows a schematic perspective and exploded view of a fifth exemplary embodiment of a prefabricated component or a section thereof with functional recesses,

Fig. 6

shows a schematic perspective and exploded view of a sixth embodiment of a prefabricated component or a section thereof with functional recesses,

Fig. 7

3 shows a schematic perspective and exploded view of a seventh exemplary embodiment of a prefabricated component or a section thereof with functional recesses,

Fig. 8

3 shows a schematic perspective view of a finished exemplary prefabricated component or a section thereof according to the first to seventh exemplary embodiments in a basic structure,

Fig. 9a to e

each show in a schematic sectional view of further embodiments of a finished component or a section thereof,

Fig. 10a to c

each show in a schematic and sectional partial view still further embodiments of a finished component,

Fig. 11a to r

in a schematic side and top view (a and b) and in schematic sectional views (c to r) and in yet another schematic side view (s) show examples of dowels, and

Fig. 12

schematically shows a diagram of a basic embodiment of a manufacturing method of an exemplary finished device in a diagram.

With reference to the embodiments and application examples described below and illustrated in the drawings, the invention will be explained only by way of example, i. it is not limited to these embodiments and applications. Individual features that are indicated and / or illustrated in connection with a specific embodiment, are not limited to this embodiment or the combination with the other features of this embodiment, but may in the context of the technically possible, with any other variants, even if they are in are not treated separately and / or are combined from the state of the art and / or the expert knowledge.

Process and device features result analogously also from device or process descriptions.

The same reference numerals in the individual figures and illustrations of the drawing designate the same or similar or the same or similar components. On the basis of the representations in the drawing, those features are also clear, which are not provided with reference numerals, regardless of whether such features are described below or not. On the other hand, features that are included in the present description but are not visible or illustrated in the drawing will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.

In the Fig. 1 is shown schematically in a perspective and exploded view of a first embodiment of a finished component 1. Without limitation, the representation can also be understood as a section of a prefabricated component, without limitation being referred to in all figures for linguistic simplification of the representation of a finished component 1, even if it may be in the figure to a representation of a section of a finished component ,

The prefabricated component 1 has two flat outer sides 2 and 3 as well as a first layer 4, a second layer 5 and a third layer 6. The layers 4 to 6 are solid material layers, such as layers of or at least substantially a renewable and / or biological degradable raw material. In the present first exemplary embodiment of the prefabricated component 1, the layers 4 to 6 consist of solid wood. The layers of the prefabricated building element 1 may consist of the same materials, of the same materials with different specifications or properties or of different materials, wherein any combinations of materials can be realized even with less or more than three layers, depending on the structural requirements or wishes. For example, the layers of MDF boards, HDF boards, drywall, Rigips- or gypsum board, or composite panels or boards or strips may consist of these materials. It is advantageous to use such materials and components thereof, which meet the structural requirements or wishes, which in particular environmental aspects are fair, and / or are correspondingly low in large quantities available.

In the present embodiment, the layers 4 to 6 of solid wood from solid wood boards 7 are constructed, which without restrictions, for example, rods or beams can be used to build the layers. In this respect, the linguistic simplification is used below as representative of any elongated or plate-like design of boards, even if bars and beams or plates are also suitable and covered by the present disclosure.

Again Fig. 1 but also the others Fig. 2 to 8 can be seen without further notice, the solid wood boards 7 of the first layer 4 and the second layer 5 are arranged at an angle of 90 ° to each other, and the solid wood boards 7 of the second layer 5 and the third layer 6 are parallel. Generally, if two layers of solid wood, each of solid wood boards, are immediately adjacent, the solid wood boards of two adjacent solid wood layers may be unequal in alignment with each other, as with some, such as two or three or four layers of parallel-aligned but in particular partially overlapping solid wood boards and / or or rods can be combined.

Furthermore, like the Fig. 1 to 7 easily recognizable show the respectively existing layers 4 to 6 (in the Fig. 1 ) glue-free and connected to each other by means of engagement elements 8, which is in the present first embodiment by dowels 9 made of wood. More precisely, the dowels 9 are made of hardwood, while the solid wood layers 4 to 6 are made of softer wood than that of the dowels 9. Furthermore, in the Fig. 1 good to see that the layers 4 to 6 are connected in pairs by means of dowels 9. The exact use of the dowels 9 is in the Fig. 1 to 8 for illustrative reasons not visible in detail, but can easily be described later in more detail Fig. 9a to e and 10a until s are removed. For the dowels 9, each layer in which the dowels 9 engage mating dowel receiving holes 10, ie with a corresponding diameter and of sufficient depth or throughout the entire layer (see Fig. 9a to e and 10a to s). In any case, the layers (4 to 6 in the Fig. 1 ) of the finished component 1 by means of dowels 9 firmly connected to each other, as the basic representation in the Fig. 8 clearly recognizable. But instead of the dowels 9, the layers can also be firmly connected to other engagement means 8, such as nails, screws, staples and the like, or with glue, curing pastes and the like, on the one hand according to stability requirements and customer wishes and on the other hand according to the materials the layers can be optimally determined.

While the dowels 9 provide for the cohesion of two or more layers with each other, form-fitting configurations 11, for example, on the longitudinal sides 12 of the solid wood boards 7 promote the cohesion of the solid wood boards 7 within individual layers. As examples are in the Fig. 1 Crown or zigzag edges or finger joints 13 in the solid wood boards 7 of the first and second layers 4 and 5 and tongue and groove configurations 14 in the solid wood boards 7 of the third layer 6 are shown. The form-fitting configurations 11 on the longitudinal sides 12 of adjacent solid wood boards 7 are designed so that they fit together, which is easy to understand and therefore need not be further explained.

Now first, the first layer 4 and the second layer 5 are considered closer. In the first layer 4 facing side 10 of the second layer 5 functional recesses 15 in the form of channel or groove-like recesses 16 are included, whose depth is less than the thickness of the second layer 5. Two of the trough-like or chamfered cutouts 16 run parallel near opposite edges of the second layer 5, and further trough-like or channel-like cutouts 16 are perpendicular to the former therebetween, as in a window screen, so that a channel system 17 is formed, which is also one only functional recess 15 can be considered. The functional recess 15 or the functional recesses 15 thus lie within the second layer 5 such that it is or are spaced from the flat outer side 2 of the finished component 1 formed by the first layer 4. Such a channel system or the like 17 may also be provided in the second layer 5 side facing the first layer 4 in particular matching the channel system in the second layer, for example, to obtain a larger volume of the through the entire cutouts. In the first layer, however, a receiving space, e.g. be realized for a fire water supply for an active fire protection, which will be discussed in more detail later.

The third layer 6 is used in the first embodiment of the Fig. 1 only the reinforcement and the stability of the finished component 1.

For the present invention, it is fundamental that any functional recess 15 is basically to be distinguished from the possibly as in the first embodiment of the Fig. 1 Although a dowel receiving bore 10 may also be spaced from a flat outside of the finished component 1 and considered as a recess that fulfills a function, but this function is the connection function together with the dowels 9 for the layers. The functional recesses 15 are those recesses which are not intended or serve for a connection function, that is to say are, so to speak, connection-function-free or connection-irrelevant recesses. As has already been stated, it is for the present invention, although advantageous and preferred, so nevertheless not absolutely necessary that the connection of the layers by means of engagement elements 8, such as the dowels 9 and the dowel receiving holes 10 is realized, whereas just the connection function-free Funktionsausnehmungen 15 constitute the gist of the present invention.

For the sake of completeness, it is also pointed out that the functional recesses 15 also essentially and fundamentally differ from window and door openings in prefabricated components 1, in that the functional recesses 15 are just spaced from a flat outside of the prefabricated component 1, which is in principle not true for window and door openings in prefabricated components 1, because window and door openings must indeed be continuous over the entire thickness of the prefabricated components 1.

By virtue of the at least one functional recess 15 extending beyond connection or engagement element receptacles which may be present for the connection of the two layers, such as the dowel receiving bores 10, the prefabricated building element 1 has an open, cage-like structure with the channel system 17, which is advantageously accommodated of functional devices and / or elements, such as one or more conduits 18 (see Fig. 2 ) suitable is. Both the at least one functional recess and the functional devices and / or elements to be accommodated therein are realized directly in the production of the prefabricated component 1, so that reworking of the prefabricated component 1 after its use during construction is saved. The processing already in the manufacture of the finished component 1 is simpler and more efficient and can be done under weather-independent conditions and using optimal and powerful machines and equipment, which is not everything on construction sites. The prefabricated prefabricated components 1 can also be further treated as a unit before they are used for construction. In addition, flawless surfaces of the outer sides 2 and 3 are obtained, so that the prefabricated components 1 for buildings provide inner and outer surfaces that have no unwanted openings, shocks or edges.

The functional recesses 15 in the first embodiment according to the Fig. 1 are the basis of an integrated fire protection system, which for the sake of clarity in the Fig. 1 is not shown further, but the following description is so clear and easy to understand that a graphical representation for the skilled person to the understanding is unnecessary. In case of fire, similar to a sprinkler system, for example active water is released in the channel system 17. The heat of evaporation of the released amount of water and the resulting water vapor actively counteract the fire. The leaked water can escape, for example, by the diffusion-open structure of the finished component 1 in a relatively short time back to the outside. The channel system 17 thus forms directly extinguishing and / or Feuerdämmkanäle, in the same way also Löschmittelvorratsaufnahmeräume (not shown, but exemplified above as a flat cutout in the second layer 5 side facing the first layer 4 listed) may be provided. Such an active fire fighting can be activated in a conventional manner by means of smoke or fire sensors and in particular electronic valve controls, all of which together with the associated lines can also be accommodated in functional recesses 15 according to the invention.

Furthermore, 15 fire protection functions can also be implemented passively in the prefabricated building element 1 according to the invention thanks to the at least one functional recess. Thus, in the prefabricated building element 1, passive fire protection elements (for walls, ceilings, roof) for automatic fire protection can also be integrated within the three-dimensional solid wood structure. These passive fire protection elements (for the sake of clarity in the Fig. 1 not shown) are housed eg as plastic pipes with a defined melting temperature in each case in a function recess 15 and are activated, for example by a melting process at significantly high temperatures (for example, from about 60 ° C), so that they release a stored amount of water in them, the drenched in adjacent layers of wood and additionally inhibit or prevent inflammation.

The active and the passive fire protection solutions can also be combined, wherein each solution can be housed in another layer of the prefabricated component 1, or both implementations can be housed within the same layer in corresponding function recesses 15. It is particularly advantageous in the use of fire protection elements that act both passive and active, that even in case of failure or failure of the active fire fighting ultimately passive fire protection is automatically effective without further effort.

Alternatively or in addition to the fire protection, -hemmungs- or -bekämpfungsfunktion that can be realized by means of at least one functional recess 15, other functions can be implemented, such as thermal insulation, heat storage, improved statics, lighting, daylighting, building biology, energy-saving and comfort functions , improved soundproofing. Still other important, desirable and useful as well as just by means of Funktionsausnehmungen 15 realizable functions in prefabricated components 1 are already indicated above in the introduction, which will be referred to again at this point.

Similarly, noise protection against external noise, i. from the environment, can be achieved by suitable designs of Funktionsausnehmungen

That in the Fig. 2 illustrated second embodiment illustrates such a further application for heating and / or cooling. The functional recess 15 in the second layer has a helical course in this second exemplary embodiment and accommodates a pipe 18 with heat exchanger fluid. In this way, in the prefabricated building element 1, a wall surface heating can be integrated. The active elements may be hot water pipes or even electrical resistance heating elements. As embedding, heat-radiating and -speichernde mass in particular a filled in the functional recesses 15 of the finished component 1 according to the invention clay-like, pre-dried mass used before delivery, which may extend to the inner, visible surface of the prefabricated components 1. Such clay-filled functional recesses 15 are in the second embodiment according to the Fig. 2 realized in the first layer 4 between the solid wood boards 7 this first layer. For the sake of completeness it should be pointed out that these functional recesses 15 in the first layer 4 face the second layer 5 and are spaced from the outer side 3, so that these functional recesses 15 in the first layer 4 also satisfy the general definition for the functional recesses 15.

For those skilled in knowledge of the above-explained integrated wall surface heating readily understandable is the analogous application of the corresponding embodiments to integrate in the prefabricated component 1 within the three-dimensional solid wood structure active elements for the function of a wall surface cooling. The active elements may be, for example, cold water pipes 18. For optimizing the cooling effect, a clay-like mass pre-dried before delivery can be used in the non-functional function recesses 15 of the prefabricated component 1, which may extend to the inner, visible surface of the prefabricated components 1. Preferably, the active elements for wall surface heating and cooling are designed so that both functions are alternatively possible. The heating and the cooling function can thus be achieved in an advantageous manner by the same structural designs as a function of the water temperature in said tubes 18, which represents a further particular advantage.

Clay can have different functions: increased heat storage (factor 2-4 over solid wood), moisture regulation and odor retention are just a few functions. In addition, clay represents interesting and highly variable design options for building design and as a contrast to the strict wood structure. Clay is also an ideal material for embedding components for wall surface heating or cooling. Thus, the connection-irrelevant and thus inventive Funktionsausnehmungen in this type are preferably in a clay layer or a clay element and are designed for receiving and conducting heating and / or cooling currents.

Yet another function through the Funktionsausnehmungen 15 in the prefabricated building element 1 is that within the three-dimensional solid wood structure active and / or passive elements to increase the heat storage capacity in the Funktionsausnehmungen 15 are integrated. This is achieved by filling the functional recesses 15 with suitable materials which have a higher heat storage capacity, such as e.g. Clay-based materials, or realized by the placement of latent heat storage elements in the Funktionsausnehmungen 15. In the same way, by means of the functional recesses 15 in the prefabricated components 1 within the three-dimensional solid wood structure, passive elements for passive and / or active moisture regulation can be integrated. This is achieved by filling the functional recesses 15 with clay-like materials which actively influence the room humidity due to their large inner surface and their sorption capacity. In dry rooms stored moisture is released, from rooms of high humidity this is recorded and stored. As a welcome side-effect, unpleasant odors are more quickly removed from the room air (through absorption / adsorption on a correspondingly large interior surface of the clay-like materials). For both functions in connection with clay-like or -basierender mass and the free, in the building state an interior of a building facing inside of the prefabricated building elements 1 contain at least one function recess, which may additionally comprise or contain a cage-like structure, wherein the cage-like structure contains cavities, the can be filled with the clay-like or -basierenden material, or which cage-like structure can serve as a reinforcement for the clay-like or -basierende mass, which then forms a layer, as it were.

The functional recesses 15 of the prefabricated component 1 can also be used and designed accordingly to accommodate active thermal protection for windows and exterior doors functional elements that can be activated at night or in phases of non-use of the building. Thus, an active burglary protection for windows and exterior doors can be realized. For example, metallic protective elements (bars, grates, etc.) can be arranged to be retractable. But also for the darkening of windows corresponding movable covers can be accommodated in Funktionsausnehmungen.

Due to the design of the prefabricated component 1 with the at least one functional recess 15, it is also advantageously possible to realize the installation of water, sewage, heating and other liquid-carrying lines in an optimally protected and isolated environment, for example, optimal for a Antifreeze and / or provide thermal insulation.

The remaining components of the second embodiment of the Fig. 2 are according to their reference numerals as in the first embodiment of the Fig. 1 and a description will be omitted.

The Fig. 3 a schematic perspective and exploded view of a third embodiment of a finished component 1 with Funktionsausnehmungen 15. In this third embodiment, the finished component 1 contains five layers 4, 5, 6, 19 and 20. The second layer 5 contains as function recesses 15 parallel ventilation ducts 21, and the third layer 6 contains as function recesses 15 with the ventilation channels 21 of the second layer 5 aligned, congruent ventilation ducts 22. While the ventilation ducts 21 of the second layer 5 occupy the entire thickness of the second layer 5, the ventilation ducts 22 are only trough-like over part of the Thickness of the third layer 6 is formed. At one end, the ventilation channels 22 of the third layer 6 are in communication with passages 23 to the fourth layer 19, in which as a further functional recess 15, a connecting channel 24 is milled like a groove, which connect all the ventilation channels 22 of the third layer 6 together. At one end, the connecting channel 24 in the fourth layer 19 terminates in a passage 23 which is aligned with a passage 23 in the fifth layer 20 to provide access from the outside 3 of the finished component 1 to the ventilation channels 21 and 22. In the first layer 4 are now slot-like passages 23 to the outside 2 of the finished component 1 in communication and aligned with the ventilation channels 21 in the second layer 5. Thus, fresh air from the outside 3 of the finished component 1 to the outside 2 of the finished component 1 flow and will also distributed over the surface of this outer side 2 of the finished component 1, so that there is a good ventilation of a limited from the outside 2 of the finished component 1 space (not shown).

Thus, e.g. the necessary channels for guiding the exhaust air or fresh air for an active loading and / or venting already be provided in the interior of the three-dimensional structure of a finished prefabricated building element 1 in the form of a wall or ceiling element and no longer have to be separated into finished or finished wall mounted or incorporated ceiling elements and above all still be disguised or attached separately outside of the prefabricated building element 1 and / or displayed with non-wood materials. Thus, according to preferred embodiments, ventilation or air guiding and connecting channels 21, 22, 24 are provided as function recesses 15 and inlet and outlet openings in the form of passages 23, further preferably with control means, e.g. Flaps, panels or wings are provided.

In the prefabricated building element 1, channels can also be provided within the three-dimensional solid wood structure from the component inside to the building exterior, which can be used in particular by means of control devices, such as flaps, panels or wings, adjustable and / or controllable active or passive room ventilation and / or room ventilation Furthermore, preferably electrical and / or mechanical actuators are provided, which are manually and / or automatically actuated. The control devices, such as flaps, panels or wings, may be metal, plastic, glass, stone or wood or artificial substitutes therefor or combinations thereof. In particular, a function of a decentralized, adjustable and / or controllable active or passive room ventilation and / or room ventilation can be realized through the channels from the component inside to the component outside, wherein, for example, a heat exchanger effect for heat recovery from the exhaust air in winter or for pre-cooling of the fresh air in summer For example, realized over a temporal change of the air flow in the same channels or constant air flows in separate running channels countercurrent principle. The active air movement is realized for example via radial or axial fans. Both the collection of used room air as The introduction of fresh air can be realized via a system of many smaller, distributed over the wall surface inlet and outlet ports, whereby disturbing effects of train are largely eliminated. For prefiltering the air and as a heat buffer clay elements can be used in the interior of the finished component. Of particular advantage, these embodiments in combination with the previously structurally explained wind-tightness of each layer of the layer structure in particular without foreign components, ie by means of the above-mentioned suitable profiling.

The remaining components of the second embodiment of the Fig. 2 are according to their reference numerals as in the first and second embodiments of the Fig. 1 and 2 and a description will be omitted.

A thermal insulation can also be realized easily, efficiently and advantageously by means of the functional recesses 15 according to the invention, as is the case with reference to the fourth embodiment according to FIG Fig. 4 is clarified. Components and functions are described below only insofar as they are not already among the Fig. 1, 2 and / or 3 have been described, to which reference is now made in full. By virtue of the functional recess (s) 15 within the three-dimensional solid wood structure, an increased value of thermal insulation can be realized by creating a cage-like structure with very large air chambers enclosed therein by means of the functional recess (s) 15. The resulting lightweight construction not only has thermally advantageous properties, but is also suitable for other applications in which a lower density of the elements is desirable. Alternatively, for example, a filling of the function recess (s) 15 with wood shavings is possible. The corresponding function recesses 15 are in the Fig. 4 in the second layer 5 as wide channels 25 included. It is also possible to create a special thermal wall feeling by designing and using the at least one functional recess 15 of the prefabricated component 1 for creating open and particularly insulating structures. This effect can also be used in sauna construction.

The Funktionsausnehmungen 15 of the finished component 1 can also serve to accommodate passive elements for sound insulation (structure-borne sound, impact sound), as with the five-layer structure of the finished component 1 of the fifth embodiment according to the Fig. 5 is clarified. The second layer 5 contains in the parallel over the entire thickness of the second layer 5 extending functional recesses 15 wood fiber plates 26. In the fourth layer 19 wide channels 25 are included, which are filled with sand. In the first layer 4 of the prefabricated component 1 are sound-receiving slots 27, which extend in this fifth embodiment over the entire thickness of the first layer 4. Thus, there are in this prefabricated component 1 for the purpose of sound insulation with sand and filled with soft wood fiber functional recesses 15. Alternatively or additionally, for example, fillings with loosely poured loam powder, wood chips or wood chips, with expanded clay or mineralized cellulose (isoflock) or the like or Combinations possible. Each of these fillings in the interior of the finished component 1 provides a contribution to the attenuation of structure-borne noise. A particularly high sound insulation is achieved if in several layers of the finished component different, such as differently dense filling materials are used in combination, such as a layer of sand combined with a layer of wood soft fiber material. This design is particularly advantageous for interior walls, walls between inhabited units and for false ceilings. The sound-absorbing slots 27 in the first layer 4 represent passive elements for the purpose of sound refraction.

The remaining components of the fifth embodiment of the Fig. 5 are according to their reference numerals as in the previous embodiments of the Fig. 1 to 4 and a description will be omitted.

In the finished component 1 of the sixth, in the Fig. 6 illustrated embodiment includes an illumination function, which is realized by means of the Funktionsausnehmungen 15. In the function recesses 15 in the second layer 5 LED lighting or lighting units 28 are housed, these function recesses 15 over the entire extent of the finished component 1 (as in the right part of the second layer 5 of Fig. 6 ) or only over part of such an extent (as in the left part of the second layer 5 of FIG Fig. 6 ). The extensions of the functional recesses 15 over only a part of the second layer 5 can be linear or punctiform or circular. For the light exit to the first outer side 2 towards the first layer 4 with the Funktionsausnehmungen 15 of the second layer 5 aligned slot or hole-like passages 23. This can be in a simple and visually appealing way a direct or indirect illumination with bulbs, such as modern LED bulbs, realize. The placement of the bulbs is simple and space-saving and can also achieve special lighting effects, without having to create additional space. Advantageously, cable ducts for supply and / or control cables and receiving openings for lighting means and / or outlet openings for light are designed as function recesses 15. An LED room lighting can be realized with a very high proportion of indirect light, taking advantage of the fact that LED lights have an extremely long life (up to 200,000 hours) and in the smaller designs with not too high power (less than 1 watt Rated power) do not require additional active cooling and release only a small amount of heat loss to the environment. Inside the timber construction elements, integrated, modern electrical lighting with low energy consumption, DC power supply and modern LED lighting elements can be realized. Additionally, in lighting devices, an active adjustability of direct or indirect illumination may be provided by actively changing the placement or emission direction or emitting surface of the lighting devices or means, such as LEDs, via a mechanism within the finished device during use.

Furthermore, the Funktionsausnehmungen 15 of the finished component 1 can also serve for wiring purposes between the outer sides 2 and 3 of the finished component 1, for example, to realize a complete solar-assisted and advantageously network-independent lighting system. For this purpose, on the outer surface (after installation of the prefabricated component 1) of the prefabricated component 1 photovoltaic facade panels (not shown) and on or in (see above) of the inner surface (after the installation of the prefabricated component 1) of the finished component 1 LED illuminant 28 is mounted , which can be done with the prefabrication of the finished component 1 already. The connecting lines (not shown), any control (not shown) and / or even suitable storage units (not shown) are accommodated in the at least one functional recess 15. In addition, for example, be implemented with a limited light output and a connection to the conventional power grid emergency lighting system.

Yet another embodiment of the finished component by the at least one functional recess 15 is that in the latter power and / or control lines are housed in particular for multimedia and communication, especially in a general network and later desired and / or changeable circuit. Furthermore, in the prefabricated building element 1 by means of functional recesses 15, media elements (screens, loudspeaker systems, etc.) can also advantageously be integrated on the free sides. A perfect look without disturbing cables or other "flying" components is possible in a flexible way. Thus, alternatively or additionally, an integrated, wireless or cable-based sensor system for implementing an (electrically) intelligent house (temperature measurement and control, room humidity measurement, fire detection, light measurement and control, etc.) can be created.

The remaining components of the sixth embodiment of the Fig. 6 are according to their reference numerals as in the previous embodiments of the Fig. 1 to 5 and a description will be omitted.

In the prefabricated building elements according to the invention, integrated interior door elements with a particularly high soundproofing effect can also be realized.

A further possibility of designing and using the functional recesses of the prefabricated component is to integrate special components (not shown) for active daylight introduction into the prefabricated component 1 in or by means of the functional recesses, whereby a large amount of light is directed into a building constructed from such prefabricated components 1 can, and advantageously still only a slight heat loss may occur in the outer shell. As a further design variant of the at least one functional recess 15 of the prefabricated component 1 can be provided that within the three-dimensional solid wood structure by combining with transparent or translucent elements a controlled active daylight is created in the interior of the building, which are not designed as a classic window and the light inlet combine with a very low heat loss.

The at least one functional recess 15 of the prefabricated component 1 can also be designed to accommodate at least one functional element for subsequent on-site assembly. Here, e.g. Mounting bracket made of hardwood or prefabricated threads for solid wood mounting elements in the prefabrication of the finished component are provided and housed, such as plug-in or extendable fasteners. Thus, rational, economical and / or particularly stable joining techniques are possible, which are predominantly or completely based on wood connection. Corrosion, stress effects and negative influence on e.g. the fire safety of metallic or plastic connectors are thereby reduced or eliminated. Furthermore, the at least one functional recess 15 of the prefabricated building element 1 can be designed and used to attach to the surface and inside of the prefabricated building element 1, e.g. a timber component, integrated mounting and fastening systems for assemblies, including hanging assemblies to realize.

It is particularly advantageous that the design of the prefabricated component 1 with the at least one functional recess 15 and preferably a plurality of such functional recesses 15 allows, depending on customer requirements or requirements, several of the above-described functions in the same prefabricated component 1 can be combined, depending on Function spatially separated the embodiments in various such functional recesses 15 or spatially combined in common such function recesses 15 are realized, as shown by the representation of the seventh embodiment according to the Fig. 7 is clarified. The individual functions result from the synopsis of the first to sixth embodiments, so that reference is made to the respective descriptions of the previous embodiments with reference to the reference numerals in order to avoid mere repetition.

Still further preferred and advantageous embodiments of the prefabricated structural element 1 according to the invention and the advantages thereof are already indicated in the introduction to the description, to which reference is once again made in full in the context of the exemplary embodiments.

It may be preferable to include a plurality of functional recesses 15 - as already mentioned - in a prefabricated component 1, wherein such a plurality of functional recesses 15 may be arranged within the same layer and / or within different layers. The shapes of the Funktionsausnehmungen 15 are not limited to gutters or channels, but may also be passage-like or container-like. Furthermore, each functional recess 15 can be widened within the layer in which it is arranged or in the layer adjoining it and / or connect to a passage 23 to another layer or an outer side and communicate with such a passage stand. Furthermore, functional recesses in adjacent layers can be aligned and / or combined with each other, wherein, in particular, three or more layers can also have aligned and combined functional recesses.

As a prefabricated component 1 basically looks in the finished state, is in the Fig. 8 to see in which the same reference numerals as in the previously discussed figures relate to the same parts and components, so that a re-entering it is omitted.

The Fig. 9a to e each show in a schematic sectional view of further embodiments of prefabricated components 1. Thus, the prefabricated component 1 in the Fig. 9a from five layers, in the Fig. 9b from seven layers, in the Fig. 9c from nine layers, in the Fig. 9d from eleven layers and in the Fig. 9e from 13 layers that can have different thicknesses. Evident are also good the tongue and groove configurations 14 in the solid wood boards. 7

The Fig. 10a to c each show in a schematic and sectional partial view still further embodiments of prefabricated components 1. In the Fig. 10a an embodiment is shown in which the dowels 9 always connect two layers and in which the length of the dowel 9 is exactly equal to the thickness of two layers. In the Fig. 10b an embodiment is shown in which the dowels 9 always connect three layers, in which the length of the dowels 9 is longer than the thickness of two layers and shorter than the thickness of three layers, and in which the insertion ends of the dowels used inside Layer are spaced from the outside thereof. In the embodiment according to the Fig. 10c Dowels are combined 9 different lengths. The solid wood boards 7 are in the embodiments according to the Fig. 10a to c fixed again within the layers by means of tongue and groove configurations 14.

The Fig. 11a to r show in a schematic side and top view ( Fig. 11a and b ) as well as in schematic sectional views ( Fig. 11c to r ) and in yet another schematic side view ( Fig. 11s ) Exemplary Embodiments for Dowels 9. The dowels 9 have conical sections or beads in the respective embodiments shown, whereby a screw thread-like configuration is possible ( Fig. 11s ), which allows both a screwing and a depression of the anchor 9 in a dowel receiving bore 10. The designs are chosen, for example, barb-like, that an automatic detachment of a dowel 9 is avoided from its dowel receiving bore 10 by a possible positive connection between the dowel 9 and the wall of the dowel receiving bore 10 is achieved. For materials other than wood for the layers, other dowel designs may be advantageous.

The Fig. 12 schematically shows a diagram of a basic embodiment of a manufacturing method of an exemplary finished component 1 in a diagram.

• automatisches Entnehmen von Rohware zur Herstellung von Massivholzschichten aus Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben aus einem Lager,
• insbesondere automatisches Hobeln und/oder Kehlen von/der Rohware zur Herstellung von gehobelten und/oder gekehlten Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben für Massivholzschichten,
• insbesondere automatisches Zurechtschneiden von gehobelten und/oder gekehlten Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben zur Herstellung von Massivholzschichten mit einer Kappsäge,
• insbesondere automatisches Vorsortieren von gehobelten und/oder gekehlten sowie zurechtgeschnittenen Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben zur Herstellung von Massivholzschichten,
• insbesondere automatisches Vorauswählen von Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben passend für eine Massivholzschicht zur Vorbereitung des Verlegens zu Massivholzschichten,
• insbesondere jeweils automatisch Auslegen einer ersten Massivholzschicht aus Massivholzbrettern und/oder -stäben auf eine Unterseite, Lagefixieren der ersten Massivholzschicht, ggf. Erstellen wenigstens einer erfindungsgemäß verbindungsirrelevanten oder verbindungsfunktionsfreien Funktionsausnehmung durch Fräsen, Bohren, Sägen oder dergleichen in der frei zugänglichen Oberseite der ersten Massivholzschicht, Erfassen und Speichern der Lagen und Dimensionen der Massivholzbretter und/oder -stäbe sowie aller erstellten erfindungsgemäßen Funktionsausnehmungen, Wiederholen dieser Schritte für jede weitere Massivholzschicht bis zur packungsobersten Massivholzschicht, Ermitteln der optimalen Orte für die Anbringung von Eingriffseinrichtungen und Bohren von Aufnahmelöchern für die Eingriffseinrichtungen an diesen Orten, festes Verbinden der untersten bis zur obersten Massivholzschicht durch Einbringen der Eingriffseinrichtungen in die dafür erstellten Bohrungen, Wiederholen dieser Schritte zum Hinzufügen weiterer Schichten und zum Vergrößern der Packung von Schichten bis die Enddicke des Fertigbauelements erreicht ist,
• insbesondere automatisches oder teilautomatisches Fertigbearbeiten zur Erlangung der Endform des Fertigbauelements sowie zur Erstellung von Zu- und Abgängen in den Außenschichten, von Durchgängen durch das gesamte Fertigbauelement und von Ausschnitten (z.B. für Fenster, Türen und dergleichen) in dem Fertigbauelement insbesondere mittels Kreissägen, Tellerfräsen, Fräsen, Bohrern, Ausschnittsägen und dergleichen vorzugsweise an einem Abbundportal, wobei das Fertigbearbeiten im Gegensatz zu Aufbauprinzipien von und mit gattungsgemäßen Fertigbauelementen des Standes der Technik jeweils an einzelnen Schichten oder an mehreren Schichten, wie beispielsweise drei bis vier Schichten, im Paket durchgeführt werden kann, wodurch nicht nur sehr große Werkzeuge, wie z.B. Kreissägen von etwa und größer als 1 m Durchmesser, wie sie für Bearbeitungen an gattungsgemäßen Fertigbauelementen des Standes der Technik erforderlich sind, und die damit verbundenen hohen Kosten vermieden werden können, sondern es auch beispielsweise bei der Fertigbearbeitung eines Fensterausschnittes möglich ist, mit einer kleinen Kreissäge fast bis zum Ausschnittende in einer Ecke auszuarbeiten, ohne auf Fräswerkzeuge zurück zu greifen, und
• insbesondere manuelle Endbearbeitung mittels Handsägen, Handfräsen und Handbohrern sowie Montage von Ein- und Anbauten.

In the case of the production method according to the invention, it is provided according to this exemplary embodiment:

• automatic removal of raw material for the production of solid wood layers of solid wood boards and / or rods from a warehouse,
• in particular automatic planing and / or throuting of the raw material for producing planed and / or grooved solid wood boards and / or bars for solid wood layers,
• in particular automatic trimming of planed and / or grooved solid wood boards and / or bars for the production of solid wood layers with a chop saw,
• in particular automatic presorting of planed and / or grooved and cut solid wood boards and / or rods for the production of solid wood layers,
• in particular automatic preselection of solid wood boards and / or bars suitable for a solid wood layer in preparation for laying to solid wood layers,
• in particular in each case automatically laying out a first solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or bars on a lower side, fixing the first solid wood layer, optionally creating at least one inventive connection irrelevant or connection function-free function recess by milling, drilling, sawing or the like in the freely accessible top of the first solid wood layer, Detecting and storing the layers and dimensions of the solid wood boards and / or rods and all functional recesses according to the invention, repeating these steps for each additional solid wood layer up to the pack top solid wood layer, determining the optimal locations for the attachment of engagement means and drilling of receiving holes for the engagement means at these Locating, firmly connecting the bottom to the top solid wood layer by inserting the engagement means in the holes created, repeating this Steps for adding further layers and increasing the packing of layers until the final thickness of the finished device is reached,
• in particular automatic or semi-automatic finishing for obtaining the final shape of the finished component and for creating entrances and exits in the outer layers, passages through the entire prefabricated component and cutouts (eg for windows, doors and the like) in the prefabricated component, in particular by means of circular saws, disc milling, Milling, drills, cut-out saws and the like preferably on a Abbundportal, wherein the finishing in contrast to building principles of and with generic prefabricated devices of the prior art in each case on individual layers or on multiple layers, such as three to four layers, can be performed in the package not only very large tools, such as circular saws of about and greater than 1 m in diameter, as for machining are required to generic prefabricated components of the prior art, and the associated high costs can be avoided, but it is also possible, for example, in the finishing of a window opening to work out with a small circular saw almost to the cutting end in a corner without going back to milling tools grab, and
• in particular manual finishing by means of hand saws, hand milling and hand drills as well as installation of add-ons and attachments.

In general, the production method according to the invention for a prefabricated component 1 with two flat outer sides and a first and a second layer, which are fixedly connected to each other, provides that in the first layer at least one functional recess, which is at least spaced from one of the two flat outer sides and free is of a connection function between the two layers, on which the other of the layers facing side is introduced later, before the first layer with the second, the at least one function recess overlapping layer is firmly connected.

For the procedural arrangements, moreover, reference is made to the relevant information in the introductory part of the description and the analogous implementation of the device features in accordance with the corresponding information throughout the available documents in order to avoid mere repetition.

The invention is illustrated by way of example only and not by way of example in the description and the drawing, but includes all variations, modifications, substitutions and combinations that the skilled person the present documents, in particular in the context of the claim and the general representations in the introduction This description and the description of the embodiments can be found and combined with his expert knowledge and the prior art. In particular, all individual features and design options of the invention and its embodiments can be combined.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

finished component

2

flat outside

3

flat outside

4

first shift

5

second layer

6

third layer

7

Solid wood boards

8th

engaging members

9

dowel

10

Dowel locating holes

11

Form-fitting designs

12

long sides

13

Crown or zigzag edges or finger-jointing

14

Tongue-and-spring embodiments

15

Funktionsausnehmung

16

millings

17

channel system

18

pipeline

19

fourth shift

20

fifth shift

21

ventilation ducts

22

ventilation ducts

23

crossings

24

connecting channel

25

wide channels

26

Fibreboard

27

Sound retaining slots

28

LED lighting or lighting units

Claims (11)

Prefabricated component (1) having two flat outer sides (2, 3) and a first and a second layer (4, 5) which are firmly connected to each other,
characterized,
in that at least one of the layers (5) has at least one functional recess (15) on the side facing the other of the layers (4), which is spaced apart at least from one of the two flat outer sides (2) and free from a connection function between the two layers (FIG. 4, 5). Finished component (1) according to claim 1,
characterized,
that a plurality of functional recesses (15) are contained, wherein such plurality of functional recesses (15) can be arranged within the same layer (4, 5) and / or within different layers (4, 5), and / or
in that the functional recess (15) is of channel-like, passage-like or container-like design, and / or in that the functional recess (15) is arranged within the layer (4, 5) in which it is arranged itself or in the layer (4, 5) it adjoins, is widened and / or adjoins a passage (23) to another layer (6) or an outer side (2, 3) and is in communication with such a passage (23), and / or
that functional recesses (15) in adjacent layers (4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 19) are aligned and / or combined with one another, wherein in particular also three or more layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are aligned with each other and combined function recesses (15). Finished component (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that the layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are solid material layers, wherein preferably the at least one solid wood layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) consists of solid wood boards (7) and / or rods, and still further with preference, if two solid wood layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) each directly from solid wood boards (7) and / or bars are adjacent, the solid wood boards (7) and / or bars of two adjacent solid wood layers (7) unequal to each other are aligned, which also with some, such as two or three or four layers with parallel aligned, but with respect to the layers in particular partially overlapping solid wood boards (7) and / or rods combined, and / or that at least one of the layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) at least essentially contains a renewable and / or biodegradable raw material, particularly preferably wood, in particular solid wood, and / or
in that the at least two layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), in particular solid wood layers, are bonded together without glue and in particular by means of engagement elements (8), preferably by means of dowels (9) of in particular the same base material as the solid material layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), wherein preferably for joining anchors (9) made of hardwood with solid wood layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) made of softer wood than the dowel (9) are combined, and / or
in that the layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), in particular solid wood layers, are connected in pairs by means of dowels (9), it being preferred if more than two layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are contained, the axial length of the dowels (9) is also longer than the thickness of two layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) and shorter than the thickness of three layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), or wherein in particular the axial length of the dowels (9) is shorter than the total thickness of the layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) into which the dowel (9) engages. Prefabricated component (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the at least one functional recess (15) is designed for thermal insulation, heat storage, fire retardation, fire protection, improved statics, lighting, daylighting, building biology, energy-saving functions, comfort functions, and / or improved sound insulation, and / or that the at least one functional recess (15) is designed for - Windproof - Air-tightness on the inside of the outer wall - Improved airborne sound insulation due to improved airtightness - active ventilation (with heat recovery or pre-cooling) - active fire protection - Body and footfall sound insulation - Improvement of indoor air quality - Regulation of room humidity - increased thermal insulation - increased heat storage - indirect electric lighting - Daylight lighting - additional heat protection for window openings - additional burglary protection. Prefabricated component (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
the at least one Funktionsausnehmung (15) forms a channel (21, 22) for guiding exhaust air or fresh air for an active loading and / or venting or recording, or
that the at least one functional recess (15) contains an air duct (21, 22) and / or inlet and outlet openings (23) and in particular also control devices, in particular flaps, panels or wings, or
the at least one Funktionsausnehmung (15) has a direct or indirect illumination with luminous means (28), such as with LED bulbs, containing, and / or
in that the at least one functional recess (15) contains a cable channel for supply and / or control cables and / or receiving openings for lighting means (28) and / or outlet openings for light, wherein furthermore preferably an active adjustability of a direct or indirect illumination by active variability of the placement or emission direction or emission surface of the lighting devices or means (28), such as LEDs, via a mechanism within the finished component (1) is provided during use, and / or
in that the at least one functional recess (15) serves for conducting purposes between the outside and the inside of the installed prefabricated component, in particular in order to realize a complete solar-assisted and advantageously mains-independent lighting system, and / or that the at least one functional recess (15) has a limited light output and a Connected to the conventional power grid realized an emergency lighting system, and / or that the at least one Funktionsausnehmung (15) includes an active and / or passive fire protection function, and / or
that the at least one functional recess (15) contains clay building elements or clay material for thermal, acoustic, ventilation and / or moisture purposes, and / or that the at least one functional recess contains a channel from the component inside to the component outside, which channel in particular by means of control devices, such as flaps , Blenden or wing, an adjustable and / or adjustable active or passive room ventilation and / or room ventilation is used, wherein further preferably electrical and / or mechanical actuators are provided which are manually and / or automatically actuated, and / or
that the at least one functional recess (15) contains a wall surface heating and / or a wall surface cooling with heating water and / or cooling water preferably in at least one line in the at least one functional recess, and / or
that the at least one functional recess (15) contains active and / or passive elements for increasing the heat storage capacity, and / or
that the at least one functional recess (15) is designed or equipped for influencing the room humidity, and / or
the at least one Funktionsausnehmung (15) is designed or equipped to provide for an increased thermal insulation, and / or
the at least one Funktionsausnehmung (15) includes passive elements for sound (impact sound, impact sound, ambient sound), in particular by means of sand, loosely dumped clay powder, wood fiber material, wood chips or wood chips, expanded clay or mineralized cellulose (ISOFLOCK) or the like, or combinations thereof, and / or
that the at least one functional recess (15) contains passive elements for sound refraction, and / or that the at least one functional recess (15) is designed or equipped for active daylight introduction in or through the prefabricated component, and / or
that the at least one functional recess (15) contains transparent or translucent elements, and / or
in that the at least one active thermal protection slot (15) for windows and external doors contains functional elements that can be activated during the night or during non-use phases of a building, and / or
that the at least one functional recess (15) contains at least one functional element for the subsequent on-site assembly, and / or
in that the at least one functional recess (15) contains integrated mounting and fastening systems for installations, including suspended assemblies. Prefabricated component (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the prefabricated building element (1) has a three-dimensional structure of structures made of solid wood components, such as boards, beams, rods, rods and the like, the wood components are glue or glue-free and / or connected by means of wooden dowels (9), and / or
wherein the wood components are preferably carrier components and / or consist of up to four-sided profiled solid wood, and / or
wherein the wood components are arranged in layers to form the layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), and further preferably wherein the wood components in two adjacent layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) have orientations or orientations at an angle of greater than 0 ° to 90 ° to each other, or where, for example, two or three or four layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) with parallel aligned, but in particular partially overlapping wood components and at least one further layer (4 , 5, 6, 19, 20) are arranged with wood components at an angle of greater than 0 ° up to 90 ° to the parallel layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), or where, for example, two or three or four layers ( 4, 5, 6, 19, 20) with parallel aligned, but in particular partially overlapping wood components and at least one further layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) with wood components at an angle of greater than 0 ° to 90 ° to the parallel layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are arranged for static reasons, and / or
wherein the wood components are arranged in layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) for forming the layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), and furthermore preferably the wood components of adjacent layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) , 20) are preferably non-positively and / or positively connected to one another by means of a plurality of engagement elements (8), which engagement elements or connector components (8) are, in particular, solid wooden or wooden dowels (9) which furthermore preferably have a surface structure and / or asymmetrical design have in particular for a retention function, and / or
wherein the wood components of adjacent layers or layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are interconnected by means of engaging elements or connector components (8), such as, in particular, wooden or wooden dowels (9), which engagement elements or connector components (8) have an axial length which is shorter than the thickness of the layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), which connect them by engagement, and / or in particular engage in only two to a maximum of three layers of wood or carrier components, and / or wherein Wood components of adjacent layers or layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are connected to one another by means of engagement elements or connector components (8), such as, in particular, wooden or wooden dowels (9), and in an outer layer of interconnected adjacent layers or layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) for receiving the engagement elements (8) only blind holes (10) are included, while in the other or the other of the interconnected adjacent layers or layers Durc Holes (10) for receiving the engaging elements (8) are included, which through holes (10) and blind holes (10) are aligned with each other. Finished component according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the prefabricated building element (1) layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) to layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) is joined, wherein in each layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) before it is joined to an adjacent layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) on its surface which faces in particular the adjacent layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) and thus after joining adjacent layers (4, 5, 6 , 19, 20) in the interior of the layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) the structures necessary for specific functions in the form of function recesses (15) are incorporated, such as preferably by milling, drilling, sawing, and the like, and / or wherein functional, partly non-wood elements in the at least one functional recess (15) of at least one layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are installed, in particular pipes, hoses, fans, bulbs, mineral materials, etc., and / or
in that the finished component (1) is joined to layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) around layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) and the layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are made of solid wood components such as boards, beams, rods, bars and the like, wherein in at least two and at most in all layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) the wood components within each such layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) via suitable profiling (form-fitting designs 11), such as tongue and groove profiles (14) or finger joints (13), sealingly connected to each other, so that the function of wind resistance is given perpendicular to the layers, and / or that to increase the static load capacity is provided that individual layers or layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) of the finished component (1) consist of different materials, in particular a combination from solid wood layers each of solid wood boards and / or rods of softwood and hardwood, wherein in particular alternately softwood and hardwood layers build the prefabricated component (1) or in particular two or three hardwood layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) provided consecutively and each of a softwood layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are covered. Manufacturing method for a prefabricated component (1) having two flat outer sides (2, 3) and a first and a second layer (4, 5) which are firmly connected to one another,
characterized,
in that in the first layer (4) there is at least one functional recess (15) spaced at least from one of the two flat outer sides (2) and free of a connecting function between the two layers (4, 5), on the later of the other Layers (5) facing side is introduced before the first layer (4) with the second, at least one functional recess (15) covering layer (5) is firmly connected. Manufacturing method according to claim 8,
characterized,
be that a second, third, fourth, etc. layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) was added and provided together with at least one Funktionsausnehmung (15) before another, the at least one Funktionsausnehmung (15) covering layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), preferably before or after the addition of the further layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) covering the at least one functional recess, in particular the first and the second, or the first , second and third or the first and second and then together with the third or the first, second, third and fourth or the first, second and third and then together with the fourth layer temporarily for processing or already fixed in position or finally fixed be connected, etc., and / or
in that as layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) solid material layers are used and / or preferably at least one of the layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) at least substantially a renewable and / or biodegradable raw material, particularly preferred Wood, in particular solid wood, further preferably, the at least one solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or rods is composed, which solid wood boards and / or rods of at least one solid wood layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) designed in a plane and then bonded to the second layer, and / or preferably wherein the solid wood boards and / or rods of the at least one solid wood layer (4) are temporarily fixed in place at the work site prior to bonding to the second layer (5), and / or preferably the solid wood boards and / or rods of the at least one solid wood layer (4, 5) to be used to construct the second layer (5), which is constructed on the first layer and is then connected to the latter, wherein still further in particular before the joining of the two layers (4, 5) in one of them, preferably in the lower layer in the connection step layer (4), the at least one functional recess (15) is incorporated, in particular by milling, drilling, sawing or the like, and then the second layer is laid or built thereon, and / or
that the first layer (4, 5) of solid wood boards and / or rods is constructed to form a first solid wood layer and temporarily fixed in place at the workstation, that any desired or required functional recess (15) is incorporated in this first solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or rods is, in particular by milling, drilling, sawing or the like, that thereafter a second solid wood layer (5) of solid wood boards and / or bars on the first solid wood layer (4) of solid wood boards and / or bars is constructed such that any such functional recess (15) is covered in the first solid wood layer (4), and that the solid wood boards and / or bars of the second solid wood layer (5) are aligned or oriented in a direction in the direction of orientation or orientation of the solid wood boards and / or bars the first solid wood layer at an angle greater than 0 ° and up to 90 ° Verläu ft, or that the second solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or rods is built on the first solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or rods, that the solid wood boards and / or rods of the adjacent solid wood layers are aligned unequal to each other, and finally the first and the second solid wood layer (4, 5) are firmly and permanently joined together, and / or
that prior to firmly joining the first and second solid wood layers (4, 5), a third solid wood layer (6) is still built up on the second solid wood layer (5), preferably in the same way as the second solid wood layer (5) on the first solid wood layer (4) has been constructed, and that possibly further solid wood layers are constructed accordingly, and then temporarily fixed to each other so stacked solid wood layers and so firmly and permanently connected with functional recesses (15) before building the next solid wood layer in the previously constructed solid wood layer are incorporated, wherein, in particular, such a functional recess (15) can extend without restriction also over the entire thickness of a solid wood layer, and / or
in that the at least two layers (4, 5), in particular solid wood layers, are bonded together without glue and in particular by means of engagement elements (8), preferably by means of dowels (9) of in particular the same base material as the solid material layers (4, 5), preferably thereby for joining dowels (9) of hardwood with solid wood layers of softer wood than the dowels are combined, and / or wherein the layers, in particular solid wood layers, are joined in pairs by means of dowels, and / or
that for joining by means of engagement elements (8), in particular dowels (9), in the layers to be interconnected (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), if necessary after the temporary fixing relative to each other and further optionally the solid wood layers of solid wood boards and Holes (10) are introduced for themselves from the uppermost layer, which extend at least into the lowermost layer and into which the engagement elements (8), in particular dowels (9), are inserted, pressed in, hammered or shot be, and / or
that when more than two layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are included, the axial length of the dowels is longer than the thickness of two layers and in particular shorter than the thickness of three layers, and / or that the axial one Length of the dowels is shorter than the thickness of the layers, in which engages the dowel. Manufacturing method according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized,
that are included as further process steps: detecting the positions and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or bars of the laid-out first layer (4) and detecting the positions and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or bars of the second (5) and possibly further layer built thereon (5) 6, 19, 20), and the determination of drilling locations for bores (10) for receiving engagement elements (8), in particular dowels (9), where a hole solid wood boards and / or rods of all involved layers (4, 5, 6 , 19, 20) at a predetermined distance from the edge of all involved solid wood boards and / or rods concerns and the creation of such holes (10), wherein preferably the detection of layers and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or bars optically done with downstream image recognition electronics, the determination of desired or suitable drilling locations is done with a computer electronics, and the creation of such holes (10) automated and based on the erg is controlled by the computer electronics, and or that the position and dimensions of any existing Funktionsausnehmungen (15) is detected and Such boring locations for bores (10) for receiving engagement elements (8), in particular dowels (9), are determined where no such functional recess (15) is located, in particular the detection of positions and dimensions of such functional recesses (15) according to the invention. optically done with downstream image recognition electronics, the determination of desired or suitable drilling locations with computer electronics, and the production of such holes (10) is automated and controlled based on the results of the computer electronics, and / or that the consideration of layers and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or bars in the individual layers (4, 5 , 6, 19, 20) and functional recesses (15) in the individual layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) are combined, and / or that a basic pattern of bores (10) or minimum and maximum distances from bores (10) are or are given and the computer electronics from the results of the determination of the positions and dimensions of solid wood boards and / or rods in the individual layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) and the position and dimensions of any existing functional recesses (15) according to the invention in the individual layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) on the one hand and in dependence on the basic pattern of bores or minimum or maximum distances from wells (10) are determined or determined. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 8 to 10,
characterized,
that one or more of the following method steps is included: - automatic removal of raw material for the production of solid wood layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) from solid wood boards and / or rods from a warehouse, in particular automatic planing and / or throuting of the raw material for producing planed and / or grooved solid wood boards and / or bars for solid wood layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), in particular automatic trimming of planed and / or grooved solid wood boards and / or bars for the production of solid wood layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) with a chop saw, in particular automatic pre-sorting of planed and / or grooved and cut solid wood boards and / or bars for producing solid wood layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), in particular automatic preselection of solid wood boards and / or rods suitable for a solid wood layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) in preparation for laying to solid wood layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20), - Especially in each case automatically laying a first solid wood layer of solid wood boards and / or bars on a bottom, fixing the first layer of solid wood, possibly creating at least one functional recess according to the invention (15) by milling, drilling, sawing or the like in the freely accessible top of the first solid wood layer Detecting and storing the layers and dimensions of the solid wood boards and / or rods and all created functional recesses, repeating these steps for each additional solid wood layer up to the package top solid wood layer, determining the optimal locations for the attachment of engagement means (8) and drilling of receiving holes (10 ) for the engaging means (8) at these locations, firmly connecting the lowermost to the uppermost solid wood layer (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) by inserting the engaging means (8) into the bores (10) therefor, repeating these steps for Add white terer layers and to increase the packing of layers (4, 5, 6, 19, 20) until the final thickness of the finished component (1) is reached, - In particular automatic or semi-automatic finishing to obtain the final shape of the finished component and to create entrances and exits (23) in the outer sides of passages (23) through the entire prefabricated component and cutouts (eg for windows, doors and the like) in the Prefabricated component (1), in particular by means of circular saws, plate milling, milling, drills, cut-out saws and the like preferably on a Abbundportal.

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