EP2374543A2 - Cutting plate for a device for grinding compostable material - Google Patents

Abstract

The cutting plate (1) is arranged in a specified direction of a rotating work cylinder, and has two groups of cutting edges (S). One group of cutting edges face the in the rotational direction, where another group of cutting edges face in the opposite direction in relation to a symmetry axis (SA). The cutting edges extend outwardly over a surface of the work cylinder. An independent claim is also included for a work cylinder for a compostable material crushing device.

Description

The invention relates to an on the working cylinder of a crushing device for compostable material, in particular for plant waste together with waste from waste wood, such as pallets, lumber and the like materials, arranged cutting plate. The invention further relates to a stocked with a variety of these tools working cylinder such crushing device.

Crushing devices of this type are known in different embodiments. They have working cylinders, also referred to as rotors or rollers, are arranged on the lateral surfaces radially outwardly directed cleaver, teeth, thorns, spikes or other work tools that rotate with the working cylinder while the material to be crushed, the Working cylinder is supplied, crush in cooperation with relatively stationary counter-tools.

These tools are provided with cutting or cutting-like bevels, which act on the material by virtue of the torque generated by the rotation. Among these tools are known, which are designed for rigid attachment to the lateral surface of the working cylinder and provided with cutting, which always point in the direction of rotation due to the predetermined orientation on the working cylinder. As a result, during operation of the device, they are constantly in engagement with the material and are subject to wear.

The operation of such a tool and its arrangement on the working cylinder of a crushing device are, for example, in DE 10 2007 043 687 A1 described.

Another, flail-trained working tool for waste crushing of compostable material describes the utility model DE 92 03 651 U1 , This tool is also provided for rigid attachment to the outer surface of a working cylinder and equipped with cutting, which also always have in the direction of rotation.

A disadvantage of these tools is that after the end of the life of the tool for resharpening the cutting out of the

Crushing device must be removed, which in particular then unwanted downtime has the consequence, if it is a mobile crushing device and the regrinding must be made in a remote from the site workshop.

In DE 297 14 130 U1 is a crushing device described in which the rotor or the working cylinder is equipped with tools in the form of indexable inserts. These inserts are provided with cutting edges, of which only a part of the number is always active in material engagement, while the other cutting points are not pointing in the direction of rotation and thus serve unused passively as a reserve. After wear of the first part number of cutting the insert is turned so that the previously unused cutting used. On-site downtimes are limited in this way.

The disadvantage here, however, that the release of these inserts from the cylinder and their renewed attachment to the cylinder after turning are still very time consuming. Another disadvantage is that the orientation of the cutting edges, their arrangement on the cutting plate and also the geometry of the cross section through the cutting plate are not designed in particular for the comminution of waste with a high green content. Based on this, the present invention seeks to design a tool for a generic crushing device so that the mentioned disadvantages avoided, at least substantially reduced.

• jede Schneidplatte mit zwei Gruppen von Schneiden versehen ist, die sich, bezogen auf eine in der Schneidplatte liegende Symmetrieachse, symmetrisch gegenüberstehen, so dass eine erste Gruppe in die Rotationsrichtung und die andere Gruppe in die entgegen gesetzte Richtung weist,
• jede Schneidplatte mit einem ersten Teilabschnitt, an dem die Schneiden ausgebildet sind, nach außen über die Mantelfläche des Arbeitszylinders hinausragt, während
• ein zweiter Teilabschnitt durch die Mantelfläche hindurch in den Arbeitszylinder hineinragt und dort starr mit dem Arbeitszylinder so verbunden ist, dass ihre Symmetrieachse mit einer Normalen der Mantelfläche einen Winkel im Wertebereich 0° ≤ α < 90 einschließt.

According to the invention, tools / inserts arranged on a working cylinder rotating in a predetermined direction of a comminuting device for compostable material, in particular for plant waste, are characterized in that

• each cutting tip is provided with two groups of cutting edges which face symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry in the cutting tip, such that a first group points in the direction of rotation and the other group in the opposite direction,
• each cutting plate having a first portion, on which the cutting edges are formed, protrudes outwardly beyond the outer surface of the working cylinder, while
• a second section extends through the lateral surface into the working cylinder and is rigidly connected there to the working cylinder such that its axis of symmetry encloses an angle in the value range 0 ° ≦ α <90 with a normal of the lateral surface.

In a preferred embodiment, the cutting plate is geometrically designed so that it in the direction of rotation of the working cylinder as well as opposite convex curved areas and in the vertical dimension are limited by plane-parallel opposing surfaces. The cutting edges are respectively formed at the convex portions and at the transitions from the convex portions to the plane surfaces.

In a preferred arrangement on a working cylinder are each two cutting plates, relative to a normal of the lateral surface, symmetrically opposite, wherein the axes of symmetry of both cutting plates with the normal each include the angle α. In this case, the angle α in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is 45 °.

In this respect, the invention also relates to a working cylinder of a comminution device, on the circumference of cutting plates, which are provided with cutting edges facing in the direction of rotation, as well as provided with cutting edges, which point in the opposite direction, are arranged several times in pairs, wherein each cutting plate of such a pair with the lateral surface an angle α in the value range 0 ° <α <90, preferably α = 45 °, includes.

The two cutting plates are releasably secured by a common clamping element of a clamping unit on the cylinder. The attachment is designed such that the clamping element and both symmetrically opposed cutting plates below With the aid of hand tools from the cylinder can be solved and the inserts after rotation by 180 ° to the normal of the lateral surface again by means of clamping element and hand tools with the working cylinder are connected, after which the effective directions of cutting both cutting plates - with respect to the rotational direction of the working cylinder - are reversed.

Each clamping unit consists essentially of a support wedge, a clamping element and a screw connection. The support wedge and the clamping element are worked so that, as already described above, two inserts / primary cutting tools can be releasably secured in a clamping unit. the clamping unit itself is preferably accommodated in a recess in the lateral surface of the working cylinder, wherein the recess is designed groove-shaped, is arranged axially parallel to the axis of rotation in the lateral surface of the working cylinder and extends from the one end side to the other end face of the working cylinder.

In further embodiments of the invention is still provided that in these groove-shaped recesses fixed points are provided, on each of which a clamping unit of the type described above is fixed or the groove-shaped recess is designed such that each clamping unit at any point within the groove-shaped recess can be fixed.

In the working cylinder four or six of said groove-shaped recesses are preferably provided.

Fig. 1a

die erfindungsgemäße Schneidplatte in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 1b

die erfindungsgemäße Schneidplatte aus Fig. 1a in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 2a

die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung zweier Schneidplatten auf dem Arbeitszylinder einer Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung in einer Ansicht mit Blick gegen die Rotationsrichtung des Arbeitszylinders,

Fig. 2b

die Anordnung aus Fig. 2a in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 2c

die Anordnung aus Fig. 2a in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 3a

den mit Schneidplatten gemäß Fig. 2a bis Fig. 2c bestückten Arbeitszylinder in einem Schnitt durch seine Rotationsachse,

Fig. 3b

den Arbeitszylinder nach Fig. 3a in einer Seitenansicht mit Blick in Richtung seiner Rotationsachse,

Fig. 4a, 4b

eine Schneidplatte zweiter Ausführung in zwei Ansichten

Fig. 5a-5d

einen zweiten Arbeitszylinder aus der Fig. 3a in Einzeldarstellung und verschiedenen Ansichten nebst Details zur Anordnung der Schneidplatten,

Fig. 6a-6c und 7

einen Bestückungsplan bzw. Ansichten der Bestückung des Arbeitszylinders nach den Figuren 5.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. In the accompanying drawings show in a schematic representation:

Fig. 1a

the cutting insert according to the invention in a plan view,

Fig. 1b

the cutting insert according to the invention Fig. 1a in a side view,

Fig. 2a

the arrangement according to the invention of two cutting plates on the working cylinder of a comminuting device in a view with respect to the direction of rotation of the working cylinder,

Fig. 2b

the arrangement Fig. 2a in a side view,

Fig. 2c

the arrangement Fig. 2a in a plan view,

Fig. 3a

with the inserts according to Fig. 2a to Fig. 2c equipped working cylinder in a section through its axis of rotation,

Fig. 3b

the working cylinder after Fig. 3a in a side view looking in the direction of its axis of rotation,

Fig. 4a, 4b

a cutting plate of the second embodiment in two views

Fig. 5a-5d

a second working cylinder from the Fig. 3a in an individual view and various views together with details on the arrangement of the inserts,

6a-6c and 7th

an assembly plan or views of the assembly of the working cylinder after the Figures 5 ,

In Fig. 1a If the cutting insert 1 according to the invention is shown in a top view, Fig. 1b shows the side view.

How out Fig. 1a can be seen, the cutting plate 1 is provided in a section A1 with cutting S, which are formed on convex surfaces and which face, with respect to an axis of symmetry SA, mirror-symmetrical. The cutting S are partly wavy, partly jagged shaped.

From the side view Fig. 1b can be seen that the cutting plate 1 in the section A1, the shape of a plate is limited by plane-parallel surfaces. The synopsis of Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b shows that the blades S are basically formed where the convex portions meet the plan boundary surfaces.

A second portion A2 of the cutting plate 1 is for attachment to the working cylinder 2 of a crushing device for Compostable material formed by clamping elements 3 and has for this purpose approaches 4 and 5, of which the approach 4 for determining the position and the approach 5 for stable alignment of the cutting plate 1 on the working cylinder 2 of the crushing device is used. The way this attachment is in Fig. 2a to Fig. 2b clarified.

In Fig. 2a is an example of the arrangement of two inserts 1.1 and 1.2 shown on the working cylinder 2, namely in a view facing the direction of rotation R of the working cylinder 2. As can be seen from the arrangement according to the invention is such that the axes of symmetry SA with a normal of the lateral surface. 6 of the working cylinder 2 each include an angle α in the value range 0 ° ≤ α <90. In the example chosen here, the angle α on both sides of the normal is in each case 45 °, so that the inserts 1.1 and 1.2 are inclined in opposite directions. The normal N, the axes of symmetry SA of the two inserts 1.1 and 1.2 and the axis of rotation 8 of the working cylinder 2 lie in the plane of the drawing, which is also cutting plane through this arrangement.

In the inventive idea included except the angle α = 45 ° expressly deviating angle sizes from the range 0 ° ≤ α <90. Also embodiments in which the inserts 1.1 and 1.2 of such a pair not as here shown apart in the radial direction strive, but their distance from each other tapers in the radial direction, are also within the scope of the invention.

Out Fig. 2a at the same time the attachment of the two oppositely inclined cutting inserts 1.1 and 1.2 can be seen. Fig. 2b shows a side view of it, in which the rotation direction R lies in the plane of the drawing. Fig. 2c gives out the arrangement Fig. 2a in a top view again.

For fixing the two inserts 1.1 and 1.2, a common clamping element 3 is provided which is connected by means of a screw connection 7 with the working cylinder 2. Each of the inserts 1.1, 1.2 rests on a support wedge 9, which defines the angle α. The attachment with this clamping unit is designed such that the clamping element 3 and both inserts 1.1 and 1.2 are removable by loosening the screw 7 by means of hand tools from the working cylinder 2. After loosening the two inserts 1.1 and 1.2 are rotated by 180 ° to the normal N and again secured with the help of the hand tool on the cylinder 2.

After this measure, the positions of the inserts 1.1 and 1.2 due to the rotation about the normal N against each other so reversed that the blades S of Cutting plate 1.1, which were previously aligned opposite to the direction of rotation R and therefore not involved in the crushing and therefore are not worn, now in the direction of rotation R, whereas the cutting S the same insert 1.1, which until then aligned in the direction of rotation R and at the Comminution were involved and are therefore worn, now opposite to the direction of rotation R are aligned. This applies mutatis mutandis to the change in the orientation of the cutting S of the cutting plate 1.2 of this pair.

Thus, it is possible in an uncomplicated manner without great expenditure of time to exchange worn when operating a mobile crushing device on site against even sharp edges. The resharpening of the cutting edges can be done later in a workshop.

Fig. 3a As can be seen, are on the lateral surface 6 several times to a normal N by an angle α, for example α = 45 °, inclined cutting inserts 1.1 and 1.2 symmetrically opposite. The normal N, the symmetry axes SA and the axis of rotation 8 are visible in the sectional plane. In this case, in the end regions of the lateral surface 6, cutting inserts 1.1 or 1.2 inclined in an individual position may also be provided at an angle α to a normal N.

Fig. 3b shows the working cylinder after Fig. 3a in a side view looking in the direction of its axis of rotation. 8

Uncomplicated and without much time spent so when operating a mobile crushing device on the spot worn against still sharp blades. The resharpening of the cutting edges can be done later in a workshop.

Fig. 4b shows the stocked in the manner described above with primary cutting tools 6 working cylinder 5 in a side view looking in the direction of the rotation axis 12. As can be seen here, the primary cutting tools 6 are arranged for example on four generatrices, which are offset by 90 ° in the direction of rotation R.

In the direction of rotation R in front of and behind the primary cutting tools 6, run-on wedges 23 and discharge wedges 24 for the material 3 can be provided in order to further increase the efficiency of the comminution.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment and the embodiment described above, but in particular also includes variants that can be formed by combining features or elements described in connection with the present invention. Furthermore, individual, in In combination with the figures described features or functionalities taken alone represent an independent invention. The Applicant therefore reserves the right to claim further features of significance essential to the invention which have hitherto been disclosed only in the description, in particular in conjunction with the figures. The claims filed with the application are thus merely formulation suggestions without prejudice to achieve further patent protection.

So there is another embodiment such that the working cylinder 2 'instead of four here six groove-shaped recesses V1, ..., V6, which are also incorporated axially parallel in the lateral surface 6' and for receiving the cutting plate 1 'second type together with the clamping unit 25th serves, see Fig. 5a, 5b, 5c ,

The Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of the occupancy of this working cylinder 2 'with the inserts 1'. As can be seen from this illustration, a variety of positions of inserts / primary cutting tools are possible. The blackened bars each symbolize a primary cutting tool, here an insert 1 '. According to the selected position scheme then the secondary cutting tools are to be arranged on the secondary cutting tool carrier of a crushing device.

The choice of the respective position scheme remains reserved to the user. It is important and part of the invention that the user is given the opportunity for the first time either to choose himself or to commission the manufacturer according to his choice, that the arrangement of the primary cutting tools and the secondary cutting tools can be more specifically addressed to his requirements in the operation of the crushing device , Depending on whether the shredded material is to be coarser or finer grain, or which materials are to be comminuted with the crushing device, the user will choose his choice concerning the positional scheme of the cutting tools.

In a further special embodiment of the invention is still provided that the secondary cutting edge SN of each cutting plate 1 'with respect to the applied to the circle FK of the rotating inserts 1' tangent counter to the rotation direction R body inward, ie directed radially inward, drops, so that at the minor cutting edge a clearance angle FW1 is formed, s. Fig. 5b ,

Furthermore, it is provided that the distance L1 between the leading cutting edges of the paired cutting inserts 1 'is greater than the distance between the trailing in the direction of rotation cutting edges of the respective pair of inserts 1', this detail 5d. By this second measure, another clearance angle FW2 is created, which between the cutting edge SN and a sagittal plane of the clamping unit 25 is located.

Due to the formation of these clearance angles FW1 and FW2, which are generated by corresponding clamping of the cutting plates 1 'in the clamping units 25, ie not themselves on the cutting plate 1' (or 1) are arranged, on the one hand, the non-active blade S 'or S, on the other hand, the energy demand is positively influenced - that is reduced - as well as compared to methods known in the art, a higher quality "biomass" produced.

In the Figures 6a, 6b and 6c is in a quasi sectional view again the occupancy of the working cylinder 2 'with inserts 1' according to the allocation scheme after Fig. 7 shown.

In the 4 and 4a a cutting plate 1 'of the second kind is shown in detail. The mutually spaced blades S 'tapered from the upper cutting edge body inwardly in the direction of its second portion A2 towards V-shaped tapered. This design has proven particularly in relatively "soft" material.

Compostable material in the context of the invention are green waste, wood packaging, wood waste, demolition wood, waste wood, fresh wood, bark, industrial wood waste and compost in the various rotting stages.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1.1, 1.2

Insert (first type)

1'

Insert (second type)

2, 2 '

working cylinder

3

clamping element

4, 5

approaches

6, 6 '

lateral surface

7

screw

8th

axis of rotation

9

support wedge

25

Clamping unit (Pos. 3, 7, 9)

A1, A2

sections

FK

Circle of rotating inserts

FW1

Clearance angle (between minor cutting edge and tangent to circle FK)

FW2

Clearance angle (between secondary cutting edge and a sagittal plane of the clamping unit)

L1

first distance

L2

second distance

N

normal

R

direction of rotation

S, S '

To cut

SA

axis of symmetry

SN

Besides cutting

V1, ... V6

groove-shaped recesses (in pos. 6 or 6 ')

Claims (8)

On a in a predetermined direction (R) rotating working cylinder (2) of a crushing device for compostable material, in particular for plant waste, arranged cutting plate (1), wherein - The cutting plate (1) is provided with two groups of cutting edges (S), with respect to an axis in the insert (1) symmetry axis SA, facing symmetrically, so that a first group in the direction of rotation (R) and the other group pointing in the opposite direction, - The cutting plate (1) with a first portion (A1), on which the cutting edges (S) are formed, protrudes outwardly beyond the lateral surface (6) of the working cylinder (2), while - A second section (A2) through the lateral surface (6) extends into the working cylinder (2) and there rigidly connected to the working cylinder (2) so that its axis of symmetry SA with a normal (N) of the lateral surface (6) Angle α in the value range 0 ° ≤ α <90 includes. On an operating cylinder (2) arranged cutting plate (1) according to claim 1, wherein the axis of symmetry SA of the cutting plate (1) with a normal (N) of the lateral surface (6) forms an angle α = 45 °. On an operating cylinder (2) arranged cutting plate (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutting edges (S) formed on convexly curved portions of the cutting plate (1) and at least partially undulated and / or serrated. Working cylinder (2) of a comminuting device according to claim 1, on the circumference of which cutting plates (1.1, 1.2) provided with cutting edges (S) pointing in the direction of rotation (R) and with cutting edges (S) are provided pointing in the opposite direction, are arranged several times in pairs so that both inserts (1.1, 1.2), relative to a normal (N) of the lateral surface (6), symmetrically opposite each other, each of the two inserts (1.1, 1.2) the lateral surface (6) encloses an angle α in the value range 0 ° ≤ α <90, preferably α = 45 °. Working cylinder (2) according to claim 4, wherein the two cutting plates (1.1, 1.2) of each pair are inclined in opposite directions and fixed by means of a common clamping element (3) on the working cylinder (2). Working cylinder (2) according to claim 5, designed such that in each case - The clamping element (3) and both symmetrically opposed inserts (1.1, 1.2) by means of hand tools from the working cylinder (2) are detachable, and - The inserts (1.1, 1.2) after rotation by 180 ° to the normal (N) again by means of hand tools with the working cylinder (2) are connectable, so - The orientations of the cutting edges (S) of both inserts (1.1, 1.2) with respect to the direction of rotation (R) are reversed. On a in a predetermined direction (R) rotating working cylinder (2) of a crushing device for compostable material, in particular for plant waste, arranged cutting plate (1), characterized according to at least one of the disclosed in the application features. Working cylinder (2), characterized according to at least one of the disclosed in the application features.

Images