EP2192986B1 - Beater for comminuting devices - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a flail, in particular for crushing devices with a rotor or at least one shaft, on or on which the flail is fastened.

Crushing devices, which are equipped with at least one mallet, which are arranged on a rotor or on a rotating shaft in the comminution device and which cooperate for comminuting the material to be comminuted with a counter-blade arranged in the device, are known.

A problem in the maintenance of equipped with flail shredders is usually that the blades or the blade carrier wear very quickly and thereby at least the blades or the blade carrier must be changed at regular intervals. The change of the blades is a time-consuming affair, which leads to prolonged downtime of the crushing device. It is now known to arrange knives rotatably on knife carriers in order to achieve a certain extension of the running time of the machine. It is also known to change the knives together with the cutter head or cutter heads. However, this involves two risks, namely once that the blades can then no longer be placed in the rotors or on the shaft of the crushing device, since the wear has already progressed so far that then but the entire shaft or the entire rotor must be changed In order to make available for the next crushing process again a correspondingly safe machine and secondly, a conversion to knife for other cutting tasks is not possible without changing the rotor or the shaft. The replacement of the entire rotor or individual knife carrier, which are arranged on the shaft or on the rotor, is very time consuming.

In the prior art, a number of flails is known, which can be placed on a shaft or on a rotor of a crushing device. In particular, all of the devices mentioned have the disadvantage that the flails, which are respectively fastened to the shaft or to the rotor, are only equipped for one specific comminution task. Due to the training of Attachments on the rotor or the shaft, these connection means or the connection solutions of the attachment of the knife or knife body are subjected to high wear on a shaft so that it is very common that not just the knife or the special blade carrier must be changed, but also the entire carrier, which is attached to or on the rotor or the shaft, which means that usually the rotor or the entire shaft must be dismantled.

The DE 92 17 598 U1 relates to a grinding disc for a crushing roller of a crushing device, with a base body and with at least one of the main body circumferentially projecting fang.

The DE 20 2005 009 859 U1 relates to a knife carrier for crushing devices.

The DE 20 2006 007 055 U1 relates to a flail for a crushing device with a rotor on which the flail is attachable.

The DE 20 2006 019 687 U1 relates to a flail assembly for crushing materials.

The US 6,364,227 B1 relates to a shredding device and a means for mounting around a rotor.

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a flail, in particular for crushing devices, which no longer has the disadvantages known in the prior art.

The object of the invention is achieved by a mallet having the features of claim 1.

As a result of this embodiment of the bracket with lower body and cutting head, a compact unit is formed, which is characterized in that, in particular, the connection between lower body and cutting head is considerably improved compared to the solutions known in the prior art. The connection is in fact concealed or hidden in a compact structural unit of a bracket and is therefore no longer exposed to wear. The entire flail body is thus protected in the connection area from wear and in the case of wear of the blades on the cutting head easy replacement of the cutting head is now given. The hidden, located in the interior of the lower body connection between the lower body and cutting head, also ensures a very secure connection, as a readjustment and centering of a new blade head on the lower body is no longer required due to the positive connection here.

The measure according to the invention of forming the bracket in the form of a lower body with a cutting head and the connection according to the invention, namely such that a connection projection provided on the cutting head engages positively in a recess arranged in the interior of the lower body eliminates all problems with regard to wear known in the prior art on the lower body or knife carrier with respect to the connection of these two components.

Accordingly, the invention is characterized in that lower body and cutting head form a structural, compact unit of a bowl in the connected state. Also, this structural or compact unit of a bowl is advantageous because now the attack surfaces for the wear concentrate essentially on the outer parts of the cutting head and the lower body is substantially less affected by wear or remains free. It is given by the fact that the change cycle of the rotor or the shaft in the crushing device can be considerably extended. This achieves a higher production time of the comminution device and the service life due to maintenance work is reduced.

The connection approach is positive, self-centering and self-locking or self-locking engages in the recess. Due to the configuration of the connection approach and the recess not only a simple positive engagement is given, but it is achieved that the cutting head, next to a secure connection, centered at the same time when inserting and then locked itself or secures itself. The connection means provided for the connection between the knife carrier and the knife in the prior art are only necessary in the solution according to the invention only as an additional backup, because due to the design and the formation of the connecting surfaces a self-centering and self-locking or self-locking connection arises, which makes it possible to work the hammer in the crushing without a corresponding securing means, such as a screw, without the cutter head separates from the lower body. The flail according to the invention now uses the securing means as an additional safeguard, which increases the safety of the crushing device as a whole.

The connection approach and the recess have a mutually corresponding shape and are formed self-holding. This solution offers, in addition to the already described self-centering and self-locking effect, a further increase in security. The entanglement can be relatively easily solved, for example, in case of repair by a light blow against the fuse relationship or Verhakungsrichtung (in the cutting direction).

The recess is enclosed on four sides and has in particular lateral guide webs. These lateral guide webs offer a further advantageous effect, namely such that now actually the entire connecting means is concealed in the lower body and at the same time the cutting head is guided laterally during insertion into the lower body with its connecting means and thereby very safely brought into the desired position, without having to re-check it here. Even if a not 100% insertion, due to appropriate lighting conditions in case of repair does not seem possible. It is now easily possible, without visual recognition, due to the lateral guidance in cooperation with the recess and the corresponding, form-fitting configuration of the connection, to use the cutting head safely in the recess and to fix.

An advantageous development of the Schlegel according to the invention is characterized in that the compact unit is cuboid and the lower body is at least partially open only at one, in particular in the installation direction provided above or on the connection side to the cutting head. Thus, it is given that the outer points of attack of the material to be shredded are kept relatively low on the flail, whereby the Overall wear is reduced and concentrate in particular only on the cutting head located knife. The protection of the connecting means in the form of a connection approach, which engages in the correspondingly formed part of the lower body is given by the inventive solution.

However, the invention not only offers the advantageous protection of the connecting elements between lower body and cutting head, but also a number of other advantages. Thus, it has been found according to the invention that it is advantageous if, for example, the cutting head is supported in its entire width on or on the lower body. This is achieved by the cutting head has a positive connection and the contacting surfaces of the connection approach in the lower body or in the recess located there have simultaneously a supporting action, so that the cutting head is able to safely transfer the transmitted from the shaft or the rotor forces.

It has furthermore been found that it is advantageous if the cutting head is designed to be at least partially insertable into the lower body, in particular with the connecting lug. The advantages of these variants have already been described beforehand. They occur in the replaceability of the cutting head in the lower body in an analogous manner, as they were previously described.

In a variant, the invention is characterized in that the recess is located in the front part of the lower body viewed in the cutting direction. This variant is therefore advantageous, since it can be provided by on the lower body nor a support function, which will be described later.

Another aspect of the invention is characterized in that the recess is arranged oriented in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the unit of the bowl. This embodiment offers manufacturing technology but also in the intended use of the baffle advantages, such that the concealed arrangement of the connection between the cutting body and lower body, but also the safe transmission of crushing forces from the rotor on the flail is very low.

According to a variant, the invention is further characterized in that at least two support surfaces extend in the recess, which are preferably angled wedge-shaped or tapered outwardly. By this configuration of the recess with support surfaces, it is of course also necessary to assign the connection approach according to the areas and it manages thereby to achieve a support of the cutting head in the lower body, combined with a self-centering. The wedge-shaped angled or conically outwardly extending surfaces are particularly suitable for such a self-centering but also self-locking connection.

The bend or the conical shape of the support surfaces may be provided both falling outward and falling inwards. The invention is not limited to a particular embodiment. Both variants guarantee the same effect.

The invention is further distinguished by the fact that a non-falling or non-angled region is provided between two support surfaces. As a result, the previously described effects of self-centering and self-locking are achieved even better than is already possible by designing with support surfaces.

An advantageous variant of the invention is characterized in that the support surfaces extend beyond the upper edge of the recess in the installed position and form a fastening and / or support body with a part of the lower body. By the upper edge of the recess is meant the side on which the cutting body is able to intervene with its connection approach. Accordingly, in the normal installation position, the upper edge is essentially in horizontal extension, so that the cutting body is able to intervene there accordingly. The Befestigungsund / or support body offers the opportunity to use the solid trained lower body for a support of the cutting head and then achieve the desired compact unit in the connection of the two components of the invention Schlegel and still provide sufficient support and thus secure transmission of forces to get the cutting head. Furthermore, the formation of a fastening and / or support body on the lower body offers the possibility of securing the cutting head in the installed position by means of a fixing device or a securing device in the form of a screw. This backup is merely as it were as additional security and is actually not necessary due to the design of the connection between the cutting head and lower body. In a variant of the invention, it is therefore further provided to form support surfaces on the support body, which are in particular angled wedge-shaped with respect to the cutting direction. Of course, correspondingly arranged and formed surfaces are present on the cutting head, which then cooperate with each other during assembly of the two components of the invention.

In the support body, as already mentioned, a bore is provided, which serves to receive a fixing means such as a screw.

The flail is further distinguished by the fact that the recess has the shape of a J seen laterally in section. Of course, the connection lug on the cutting head has the same corresponding J-shape. The configuration of this connection in the form of a J has the advantage that the front tip of the bent part of the J of the connection lug is supported correspondingly in the recess of the recess or engages or hooks there. Thus, in particular the previously mentioned self-locking or even hooking configuration of the compound is achieved. It is self-evident that all mating surfaces are to be formed correspondingly correspondingly in order to obtain the effect according to the invention.

It is furthermore advantageous if the front edge of the recess viewed in the cutting direction, viewed in section, is designed as a nose or in the form of a roller in cross-section. This configuration is also used to safely support the cutting body with its connection approach in the lower body and further also the self-locking or self-hooking training the connection of lower body and cutting head.

The configuration of the recess with laterally supporting and leading guide webs has already been described. According to a further variant of the invention, it is provided to design these lateral guide webs in the direction of installation pointing upwards as bearing surfaces. As a result, the desired support of the cutting head is achieved in the entire width on the lower body in a clever variant.

These lateral guide webs or their support surfaces according to the invention have two laterally extending side by side of the support body extensions, which are preferably angled relative to the bearing surfaces, in particular rising. By this configuration, a further positive connection and in particular a very favorable support of the cutting head is effected on the lower body.

The bearing surfaces are according to a variant of the invention plan or flat or viewed laterally as a straight line. Another variant suggests that the support surfaces designed laterally arcuate are, they can be concave or convex. Opposite the extensions offers an arcuate or concave or convex-shaped configuration has the advantage that you can get a favorable fit even at these lateral surfaces, if, for example, the support surfaces formed laterally arcuate and extending the extensions straight. Manufacturing technology, both variants are possible. It is preferred if both the bearing surfaces and the extensions are rectilinear, but angled relative to each other.

The invention proposes a development, such that in the cutting head cooperating with the bore of the support body further bore is arranged, which serves to receive a fixation and / or fastening means fixing the cutting head. As Fixierund / or fastening means is preferred to provide a machine screw and more preferably a machine screw with a nut with self-locking thread.

It is furthermore advantageous if the flail according to the invention is characterized in that counter-bearing surfaces designed or shaped corresponding to the bearing surfaces of the lower body are provided on the cutting head. These are then based on the bearing surfaces of the Unterkör-pers and offer the advantage of compact design of the bowl in the form of an outwardly appearing compact unit. The release of the cutting head of the lower body is favored by the configuration of these mutually corresponding counter-bearing surfaces. As already mentioned, this is achieved by a slight blow in the cutting direction or counter to the locking direction after the locking screws have been removed. The cutting head can then be removed without problem from the lower body and replaced by a cutting head with not worn cutting.

It is of course also possible, for example when converting the crushing device to another cutting task, that all cutting heads are replaced by differently shaped cutting heads. So it is easily possible, for example, to use so-called eucalyptus mallets, which are usually provided with two cutting blades, which are arranged laterally on webs of the cutting head, or to use cutting heads with a continuously shaped knife, which of course also in the entire width Supporting cutting body. Furthermore, it is possible to use cutting heads provided with a plurality of knives, wherein the knives are likewise shaped differently again and also from different materials, for example made of hard metal or else Hardened steel can be used. The invention thus offers the advantage of having to remove the entire rotor of the crushing device or the entire shaft of the crushing device, easily replace the knife and secure the newly inserted cutter heads securely to the lower body, without being removed from the rotor or the shaft got to.

The invention is characterized in an advantageous development in that the lower body and / or cutting head were at least partially obtained as a forged stamped part. Thus, it is possible in the Schmiedebeziehungsweise punching method to produce most of the components of the Schlegel invention. In particular, it is also possible to produce the recess and the connection approach accordingly. The invention is also characterized in that at the cutting head, as already mentioned, at least one knife is provided.

However, the invention is not limited to only one knife, but it is according to the invention, as already mentioned, easily possible to provide a variety of knives on the cutting head and then vorzuhalten different cutting heads to respond to different shredding tasks can. It is probably possible to provide a knife continuously on the cutting head as well as several knives or make the cutting head so that, for example, only two knives are provided laterally left and right to carry out the cutting process.

It is furthermore advantageous if, as described above, the flail is distinguished by the fact that the blade has at least hardened regions on the edges and / or sides pointing in the cutting direction. It is both possible to provide only partially hardened areas, as well as to harden the entire cutting blade area accordingly. The knife or the hardened areas or areas are obtained, for example, by welding or on armor.

According to a variant of the invention, it is provided that a fixing opening is provided on the lower body, which is preferably provided on the side facing away from the cutting direction of the lower body and which extends at least to the through hole in the lower body and serves to receive a Schlegelfixiermittels. The Schlegelfixiermittel can be given for example in the form of a screw, a fixing screw, a wedge or the like.

According to the invention, it is further provided, if in the through hole, a sleeve can be arranged, which serves as a clamping sleeve for fixing the Schlegels on or on the rotor or the shaft of the Zer kleinungsvorrichtung. Also, the clamping sleeve can be fixed by means of the previously described fixing means through the fixing opening.

In order to ensure the compactness of the baffle, it is provided that the connecting lug provided on the cutting head, as already described, has an outer shape or contour corresponding to the shape of the interior of the recess. Thus, it is provided, for example, according to a development to make the connection approach laterally in the form of a J. Of course, it is also possible to provide counter-bearing surfaces formed on the connecting lug corresponding to the supporting surfaces of the lower body. Furthermore, the invention proposes to provide on the cutting head corresponding to the support surfaces of the support body formed and arranged counter support surfaces. This embodiment has also been described in detail earlier.

The configuration of the knives on the flail according to the invention is in no way limited according to the invention. For example, it is possible to form the knife from hard metal. It is of course also possible to form the knife as an insert and to design the insert accordingly.

Accordingly, it is provided according to a further variant of the invention to provide guide surfaces on the cutting plate, which taper the cutting plate on the side facing away from the cutting direction, such that a guide of the material to be comminuted by the cutting plate itself.

The invention also proposes that in the installation direction below the knife or at least one baffle plate is provided. The baffle plate is used in addition to a reduction in wear and the crushing process as a whole.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the cutting head has two blades which are arranged on parallel shaped cutting head sections. This refinement is particularly suitable for comminution tasks which are intended to comminute softer material. Such flails with the above-described cutting heads are also used as so-called Eucalyptusschlegel.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the knife or the wedge-shaped and / or V-shaped is / are. In this case, the V-shape is favorably to be understood as meaning that the blades run out wedge-shaped against the cutting direction. Of course, it is also possible to provide the wedge shape of the knife in the cutting direction, to obtain an improvement in the cutting action here.

The invention is also characterized by an embodiment in which the knife is integrally formed and corresponds to the width of the cutting head as a whole. The cutting head is rounded according to the invention against the cutting direction and / or angled. Thus, a so-called free cut is easily achieved and it does not come to the material jam during the cutting process.

The invention also proposes a mallet which has a cutting head which, viewed in the cutting direction, has a so-called cutting attachment which carries the knife or knives. As it were tongue-like, the cutting head is laterally formed. The cutting lug carries the knife (s) at its front end (in the cutting direction). Also, this cutting head is intended for special crushing tasks and universal vorhältund used.

The invention also relates to a comminuting device with at least one flail according to one of the previously described embodiments.

However, the invention also provides a shredding system which is particularly suitable for the rotor or shaft crushing devices described above, comprising a lower body and a plurality of cutting heads as previously described. It is now possible to provide for a shredding device of the type in question different Schlegel, without having to operate the entire cost of materials a whole Schlegel. Rather, it is sufficient to provide the existing on the crushing lower body with different cutting heads, designed according to the features of the invention provide. So you can now hold for the different shredding tasks, such as the shredding of waste or the crushing of wood of different hardness, the different cutting heads and replace them if necessary. Not yet worn cutting heads with their corresponding knives can also be stored for later comminuted shredding work and do not have to be scrapped immediately. Accordingly, it is characterized by the fact that the shredding system also characterized by the fact that the cutting heads differently shaped knife or Have cutting inserts for a variety of crushing tasks. Lower body can hold with different diameters of the through hole, so that even different crushing devices can be operated, the different Wellenbzw. Have rotor diameter.

The crushing system as described above is characterized by the fact that the blades and / or cutting plates are provided with different cutting angles for different crushing tasks. It is provided according to a further variant, that the blades and / or inserts against the cutting direction are tapered, in particular wedge-shaped expiring formed.

The invention will be further described by means of embodiments.

Fig. 1a

Explosionsdarstellung einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schlegels;

Fig. 1b bis 1c

dreidimensionale Darstellung der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1a; Fig. 2a bis 2c weitere Ausführungsformen nach der Erfindung mit geändertem Schneidkopf;

Fig. 3a bis 3c

Variante des Schlegels nach der Erfindung mit einteiligem Messer am Schlegelkopf;

Fig. 4a bis 4b

Unterkörper in dreidimensionaler Darstellung nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 5a bis 5c

verschiedene Ansichten einer Ausführungsform eines Schneidkopfes nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 6a bis 6c

weitere Variante eines Schneidkopfes nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 7a bis 7c

Ausführungsform eines Schneidkopfes nach der Erfindung mit zwei Messern;

Fig. 8a bis 8c

einteilige Ausgestaltung des Messers an einem Schneidkopf nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 9a bis 9c

Schneidkopf mit kegelförmigen Messer;

Fig. 10a bis 15b

weitere Ausgestaltungen von Schneidköpfen nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 16a bis 16b

Ausführungsform einer Variante eines Unterkörpers nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 17 bis 18b

Schneidköpfe in weiteren Ausgestaltungsbeispielen und

Fig. 19a bis 20c

weitere Ausführungsvarianten von Schneidkopf und Unterkörper nach der Erfindung.

Show it:

Fig. 1a

Exploded view of an embodiment of the invention Schlegelels;

Fig. 1b to 1c

Three-dimensional representation of the embodiment according to Fig. 1a ; Fig. 2a to 2c further embodiments according to the invention with a modified cutting head;

Fig. 3a to 3c

Variant of the beater according to the invention with one-piece knife on the beater head;

Fig. 4a to 4b

Lower body in three-dimensional representation according to the invention;

Fig. 5a to 5c

different views of an embodiment of a cutting head according to the invention;

Fig. 6a to 6c

another variant of a cutting head according to the invention;

Fig. 7a to 7c

Embodiment of a cutting head according to the invention with two knives;

Fig. 8a to 8c

one-piece design of the knife on a cutting head according to the invention;

Fig. 9a to 9c

Cutting head with conical knife;

Fig. 10a to 15b

further embodiments of cutting heads according to the invention;

Fig. 16a to 16b

Embodiment of a variant of a lower body according to the invention;

Fig. 17 to 18b

Cutting heads in further embodiments and

Fig. 19a to 20c

Further variants of the cutting head and lower body according to the invention.

The Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of an embodiment of the invention Schlegel. The cutting head 3 is shown in a separate position from the lower body 2. On the cutting head 3 are cutting head sections 31 and 32, each carrying a knife 11. The connecting lug 5 is designed for positive engagement in the recess 4 of the lower body 2 and, as can be seen, takes place here already by the joining of lower body 2 and recess 4 a positive connection between the lower body 2 and the cutting head 3. The compound is both self-centering as well as self-fixing or selbstverhakend trained. This also results from the J-shape, which both the connecting lug 5 and inside the recess 4 have. On the cutting body 3 are located below the knife 11 baffle plates 13, which reduce the wear on the cutting head sections or on the cutting head itself. By the reference numeral 8/4 a bore in the cutting head 3 is referred to, which cooperates with a bore 8/3 on the lower body 2, such that a fastening means 10 can be passed through this bore to secure the cutting head in addition to the self-locking connection measures. The bore 8/4 is designed so that it is the head of a Machine screw can completely absorb, to ensure against wear and especially against loosening.

On the lower body 2, the through hole A is provided, which is provided for attachment of the lower body on or on the rotor or a shaft provided on the rotor or a shaft in the crushing device. In the through hole A, a sleeve 2/3 is inserted, which is formed for example as a clamping sleeve and realized the fixation of the lower body 2 on the rotor or the shaft, not shown. In the recess 4, which is formed closed on four sides, there are support surfaces 7, which extend angled wedge-shaped outward. Between two support surfaces 7 there is a non-angled region, which received the reference numeral 70 in a later representation. In order to better transmit and absorb the forces transmitted from the lower body 2 to the cutting head 3, there is a support body 8 on the lower body 2 in the upper extension, the support surfaces 8/1 and 8/2 has, where then correspondingly corresponding surfaces of the cutting body 3 rest. Thus, in addition to the excellent self-centering and fixation at the same time even a cheaper component of the power transmission is created. Side of the recess 4 are located on or on the webs 6 bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2, which are flat or flat in the embodiment shown. Angled to these bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2 extend extensions 6/3 and 6/4. The cutting head 3 rests with its surfaces correspondingly formed thereon, so that the cutting head 3 is supported in its entire width on or on the lower body 2. The fastener 10 in the form of a screw is used in the illustrated embodiment, only an additional backup. As already described above, the flail according to the invention is distinguished by self-centering and self-fixing properties, which were obtained in particular by the concealed shape of the connecting means. It is therefore a particular embodiment of the recess 4, which cooperates with the connection lug 5 and which is protected in particular by the four-sided enclosed recess 4. Accordingly, wear does not take place at the connection point, namely at the connection projection and the recess, so that it is easy to put on a new cutting head 3 after the cutting head 3 or its knife 11 has worn out.

However, the invention also allows that, in addition to the illustrated embodiment of a cutting head 3, of course, completely different cutting heads 3 can be placed there, the only in the connecting lug 5 and in the Design of the bearing surfaces 6/1 ... and the extensions 6/3 ... must be formed analogously to obtain the same effect as previously described, namely a self-centering and adjusting or hooking configuration of the connection of the cutting head 3 with the lower body 2.

The Fig. 1 b and 1c show different views of the in Fig. 1a described Schlegels 1 in its assembled or assembled version. The reference symbol I indicates that a structural unit is produced that is particularly compact and thus provides a beater which is completely protected with respect to the connection between the cutting head 3 and the lower body 2. This is excellently in the two representations Fig. 1b and 1c clear. By the reference numeral 2/1 is in Fig. 1c nor a fixing opening shown in which a fixing is inserted. This can also be done for example in the form of a screw, a pin, a wedge or the like. All other reference numbers have already been included Fig. 1 and are used here in the same way.

The Fig. 2a to 2c show a further embodiment of a beater according to the invention with a modified cutting head 3. The blades are here designed as cutting plate 12, which are in particular angled wedge-shaped, such that the cutting surfaces simultaneously serve the leadership of the material to be crushed. At the cutting plates 12 are guide surfaces 12/1, 12/2 provided. These serve the management of the material and the provision of a free cut. Of the cutting plates 12 opposite to the cutting direction wedge-shaped recesses extend on the cutting head 3, which also serve the smooth passage of material and also creates a free cut. All other reference numerals have been previously explained and are used here in the same way again.

The Fig. 2c also shows an exploded view, in which case the previously described variant of the Schlegel after the Fig. 2a and 2b will be shown.

The variants 3a to 3c show a further variant of a beater according to the invention with a one-piece knife at the beater head.

The difference to the previously described variants of the invention is that the flail head 3 carries a one-piece blade 11 which extends over the entire width of the flail head and also of the lower body. This special solving tasks can be solved, which only with such a flail head or with such, arranged on the flail head knife are feasible. All other features of the invention are realized in the same manner as in the previous embodiments. Fig. 3a shows a view in three-dimensional representation obliquely from the front, at Fig. 3b a view diagonally from behind and Fig. 3c is again the exploded view.

The Fig. 4a and 4b show a lower body according to the invention in three-dimensional representation, which succeeds here to represent the individual features of the lower body more clearly than in the previous embodiments. The Fig. 4a shows the lower body 2 obliquely from the front, whereby the support surfaces 7 are visible. Also clearly visible is the area 70, which is not angled. Starting from the support surfaces 7 in the recess 4, the support surfaces 8/1 and 8/2 extend to a support body 8. At this support body 8, not shown in this illustration, the cutting head 3 is supported. Very well visible are also the bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2, the web-like (web 6), the recess 4 limit laterally. It can also be clearly seen that the entire recess 4 is closed or enclosed on four sides. Thus, the engagement approach provided for the cutting head of the cutting head is then protected or by the compact design of the entire Schlegels the connection is also inclusive of the recess 4 and provided there support surfaces 7 or support surfaces 8/1 and 8/2. The bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2 set against the cutting direction, so to speak to the rear, where there are provided with respect to the bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2 angled extensions 6/3 and 6/4. The cutting head 3 has on its underside correspondingly trained surfaces which ensure that the previously assembled, assembled representations here no gaps arise where material can penetrate or where wear can take place. The supporting effect occurs accordingly.

The Fig. 5a to 5c show a further variant of a cutting head 3 according to the invention in different views. In this representation, the counter support surfaces 71, which interact with the support surfaces 7 of the lower body 2, are shown for the first time. Also visible are the counter bearing surfaces 3/1 and 3/2 and the counter extension 3/3. The knife is formed in this embodiment as a cutting plate 12. It can be clearly seen that the cutting plates 12 are angled wedge-shaped and in particular also connect to the rear, wedge-shaped recesses on the cutting head 3, whereby a free cut is formed.

The Fig. 6a to 6c differ from the previously presented Fig. 5 merely in that here a cutting head with a cutting projection 33 is presented, which carries the knife or, as shown here, an insert 12 or a plurality of inserts 12. The Fig. 7a to 7c show an embodiment of a cutting head 3, the cutting head portions 31, 32 which are separated by a U-shaped opening. At the cutting head portions 31 and 32, a knife 11 is provided in each case, which is also angled wedge-shaped in the cutting direction and which is fixed, for example, as a hard metal on the cutting head portion.

The Fig. 8a to 8c again show a cutting head with different blades 11, in this version namely a one-piece knife formed. The knife 11 is also provided, for example, as carbide. With respect to the angular position of the blade 11 is to say that this can be changed according to the respective cutting task of course in other cutting heads 3, such that other angular positions can be achieved. It can be achieved both a sharper and a duller angle. The invention is not limited to a specific angular position here.

The Fig. 9a to 9c show an embodiment of a cutting head 3 with a conical blade 11. The blade 11 is formed stepped relative to the cone angle. The flail according to this embodiment is suitable for undertaking comminution tasks which require a punctiform entry of the comminuting tool. Otherwise, the reference numerals correspond to the already presented embodiments.

The Fig. 10a to 15b show flails or cutting heads, which differ only in that the side adjacent to the recess 4 located support surfaces 6/1 and 6/2 and the corresponding thereto provided on the cutting heads 3 surfaces are formed bent. Although this arcuate design has the advantage of further centering, but manufacturing technology is somewhat difficult to produce. Nevertheless, the invention also includes this embodiment. All other embodiments or features and reference numerals correspond to those that have already been presented in the preceding description of the embodiments. It is therefore dispensed with a renewed presentation of these reference numerals.

The Fig. 16a and 16b show a lower body 2, which also has the curved bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2.

The Fig. 17 to 18b show a cutting head 3, in turn, a conical blade or in Fig. 18a has two such conical blades 11 and otherwise in a lower body after the Fig. 16a or 16b can be used.

The Fig. 19a to 20c show special embodiments of the cutting head 3 according to the invention and the lower body 2 according to the invention. In these two variants illustrated certain radii, angular dimensions, dimensions are called, which are expressly taken for the illustrated variant of the illustrated Schleels 1 to complete. The special embodiments with respect to the radii on the connection approach provide for the self-centering or selbstverhakende or self-fixing design. The same is to say about the design of the radii for the cut-free on the cutting body 3, which is in a variant shown at 163.2 mm. Also, the radius of 18 mm for the front part of the connecting lug should be put under protection.

The in the Fig. 19a to 19d illustrated variant shows the special design of a flagle, which is provided here for crushing tasks, as used in particular in the comminution of soft wood materials. Further ahead, this variant was called Eucalyptusschlegel. Also, the diameters of the holes or dimensions of the fixing means are a special embodiment, which fall within the scope of the invention. The same applies to the design of the dimensions and angles in the Fig. 20a to 20c , It should be mentioned in particular, the conical angling of the support surfaces, which together give an angle of 140 °. The non-angled area is sized at 10.5 mm. The recess 4 is in the example shown 60 mm, seen from the side, wide. The lower body 2 has a total of the upper part of a width of 90 mm and in the lower part (including the sleeve located in the through hole A 2/3) 105 mm. The radii for the nose 9, the J, the angular position of the support body and the dimensions of the holes are special embodiments and in the illustrated variant of the scope of the invention includes.

The dimensions given in the figures represent preferred variants. However, the invention is not limited to these dimensions. Rather, in the description and the claims features specified that claim a broader protection for the invention.

The invention has been described above with reference to exemplary embodiments. The claims now filed later and with the application are attempts to formulate without prejudice to the attainment of further protection.

The references cited in the dependent claims indicate the further development of the subject matter of the main claim by the features of the respective subclaim. However, these are not to be understood as a waiver of obtaining independent, objective protection for the features of the dependent claims.

Features that have hitherto been disclosed only in the description may be claimed in the course of the method as of essential importance to the invention, for example to distinguish from the prior art.

Claims (15)

1. A mallet, in particular for comminuting devices having a rotor or at least one shaft, on or against which the mallet (1) can be fastened to, consisting of a main body (2) provided with a through bore (A), wherein the through bore (A) is provided for connecting the mallet (1) to the rotor or shaft, and with at least one cutting head (3), wherein the at least one cutting head (3) can be detachably/fixedly connected to the main body (2), wherein, in the main body (2), a recess (4) arranged in the interior of the main body (2) is provided, in which at least one connecting lug (5) provided on the cutting head (3) engages in a positive fit, wherein the connecting lug (5) engages in the recess (4) in a positive-fitting, self-centring and self-locking or self-securing manner, and wherein the connecting lug (5) and the recess (4) have a shape corresponding to one another, and are designed to be self-holding, wherein the main body (2) and the cutting head (3) when connected form a structurally compact unit (I) of a mallet (1), characterised in that the recess (4) is enclosed on four sides, and in particular has lateral guiding webs (6).
2. Mallet according to claim 1, characterised in that the cutting head (3) is supported in its entire width on or against the main body (2).
3. Mallet according to one or both of the preceding claims, characterised in that the compact unit (I) has a cuboid shape and the main body (2) is at least partially open only on one side, in particular on the side provided in the fitting direction above or on the side connecting to the cutting head (3).
4. Mallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cutting head (3) is designed in such a way that it can be at least partially inserted into the main body (2), in particular with the connecting lug (5).
5. Mallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the recess (4) is provided in the front part of the main body (2) viewed from the cutting direction.
6. Mallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the recess (4), is arranged with orientation in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the unit (I).
7. Mallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that in the recess (4) there are at least two supporting surfaces (7), which preferably are angled in a wedge shape or are conically running outward.
8. Mallet according to claim 7, characterised in that the angling or the conical course of the supporting surfaces (7) is provided falling outwardly or inwardly.
9. Mallet according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that a non-falling or non-angled region (70) is provided between two supporting surfaces (7).
10. Mallet according to anyone of the claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the supporting surfaces (7) extend over the upper edge of the recess (4) in fitting position and, with a part of the main body (2), form a fastening and/or supporting body (8).
11. Mallet according to claim 10, characterised in that supporting surfaces (8/1, 8/2) are formed on the supporting body (8), which are in particular angled in a wedge-like manner with respect to the cutting direction.
12. Mallet according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that a bore (8/3) is provided in the supporting body (8), for receiving a fixation means (10) such as a screw, for example.
13. Mallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the recess (4), viewed laterally in cross-section, has a J-shape.
14. Mallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that a fixation opening (2/1) is provided on the main body (2), which preferably is provided on the side of the main body (2) facing away from the cutting direction, which extends at least to the through bore (A) and serves to receive a mallet fixating means (2/2).
15. A comminuting device with at least one mallet (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 14.

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