EP2192986A1

EP2192986A1 - Beater for comminuting devices

Info

Publication number: EP2192986A1
Application number: EP08802413A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Johann Doppstadt; Horst Berger
Original assignee: Doppstadt Familienholding GmbH
Current assignee: Lig GmbH
Priority date: 2007-09-20
Filing date: 2008-09-19
Publication date: 2010-06-09
Anticipated expiration: 2028-09-19
Also published as: DK2192986T3; ES2733590T3; TR201909633T4; HUE044806T2; PL2192986T3; DE202007013269U1; WO2009040061A1; EP2192986B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a beater, especially for comminuting devices comprising a rotor or at least one shaft on which the beater (1) can be mounted. Said beater (1) is composed of a base (2) that has a through-hole (A) which is used for connecting the beater (1) to the rotor or the shaft, and at least one cutting head (3) that can be releasably/fixedly connected to the base (2). The invention is characterized in that the base (2) encompasses a cavity (4) which is disposed inside the base (2) and into which at least one connecting attachment (5) positively engages, said connecting attachment (5) being located on the cutting head (3).

Description

International patent application

Mallets for crushers

description

The invention relates to a flail, in particular for crushing devices with a rotor or at least one shaft, on or on which the flail is fastened.

Crushing devices, which are equipped with at least one mallet, which are arranged on a rotor or on a rotating shaft in the comminution device and which cooperate for comminuting the material to be comminuted with a counter-blade arranged in the device, are known.

A problem in the maintenance of equipped with flail shredders is usually that the blades or the blade carrier wear very quickly and thereby at least the blades or the blade carrier must be changed at regular intervals. The change of the blades is a time-consuming affair, which leads to prolonged downtime of the crushing device. It is now known to arrange knives rotatably on knife carriers in order to achieve a certain extension of the running time of the machine. It is also known that knives in common sam with the cutter head or cutter heads. However, this involves two risks, namely once that the blades can then no longer be placed in the rotors or on the shaft of the crushing device, since the wear has already progressed so far that then but the entire shaft or the entire rotor must be changed In order to make available for the next crushing process again a correspondingly safe machine and secondly, a conversion to knife for other cutting tasks is not possible without changing the rotor or the shaft. The replacement of the entire rotor or individual knife carrier, which are arranged on the shaft or on the rotor, is very time consuming.

In the prior art, a number of flails is known, which can be placed on a shaft or on a rotor of a crushing device. In particular, all of the devices mentioned have the disadvantage that the flails, which are respectively fastened to the shaft or to the rotor, are only equipped for one specific comminution task. Due to the design of the fasteners on the rotor or the shaft, these connection means or the connection solutions of the attachment of the knife or knife body are subjected to high wear on a shaft so that it is very common that just not just the knife or the special blade carrier must be changed, but also the entire support, which is attached to or on the rotor or the shaft, which means that usually the rotor or the entire shaft must be dismantled.

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a flail, in particular for crushing devices, which no longer has the disadvantages known in the prior art.

The object of the invention is achieved by a flail, in particular for comminuting devices with a rotor or at least one shaft, on or to which the flail can be fastened, consisting of a lower body provided with a through-bore, wherein the through-hole Gangsbohrung for connection of the flail to the rotor or a shaft arranged in the crushing device is provided with at least one cutting head, wherein the at least one cutting head with the lower body detachable / firmly connectable, and the flail is characterized in that in the lower body in the Inside the lower body arranged recess is provided, in which at least one provided on the cutting head connection lug engages positively. As a result of this embodiment of the bracket with lower body and cutting head, a compact unit is formed, which is characterized in that, in particular, the connection between lower body and cutting head is considerably improved compared to the solutions known in the prior art. The connection is in fact concealed or hidden in a compact structural unit of a bracket and is therefore no longer exposed to wear. The entire flail body is thus protected in the connection area from wear and in the case of wear of the blades on the cutting head easy replacement of the cutting head is now given. The hidden, located in the interior of the lower body connection between the lower body and cutting head, also ensures a very secure connection, as a readjustment and centering of a new blade head on the lower body is no longer required due to the positive connection here.

The measure according to the invention of forming the bracket in the form of a lower body with a cutting head and the connection according to the invention, namely such that a connection projection provided on the cutting head engages positively in a recess arranged in the interior of the lower body eliminates all problems with regard to wear known in the prior art on the lower body or knife carrier with respect to the connection of these two components.

Accordingly, a development of the invention is characterized in that the lower body and cutting head in the connected state form a structural, in particular compact unit of a bracket. Also, this structural or compact unit of a flag is advantageous because now the attack surfaces for The wear is essentially concentrated on the outer parts of the cutting head and the lower body is substantially less affected by wear or remains free. It is given by the fact that the change cycle of the rotor or of the shaft in the comminuting device can be considerably extended. This achieves a higher production time of the comminution device and the service life due to maintenance work is reduced.

An advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that the compact unit is of cuboid design and the lower body is at least partially open only at one side, in particular in the installation direction at the top provided side or at the connection side to the cutting head. Thus, it is given that the outer points of attack of the material to be shredded are kept relatively low on the flail, whereby the wear is reduced overall and focus in particular only on the knife located on the cutting head. The protection of the connecting means in the form of a connection approach, which engages in the correspondingly formed part of the lower body is given by the inventive solution.

However, the invention not only offers the advantageous protection of the connecting elements between lower body and cutting head, but also a number of other advantages. Thus, it has been found according to the invention that it is advantageous if, for example, the cutting head is supported in its entire width on or on the lower body. This is achieved by the cutting head has a positive fit and the contacting surfaces of the connecting lug in the lower body or in the recess located there simultaneously have a supporting action, so that the cutting head is able to safely implement the transmitted from the shaft or the rotor forces.

It has furthermore been found that it is advantageous if the cutting head is designed to be at least partially insertable into the lower body, in particular with the connecting lug. The advantages of these variants have already been wrote. They occur in the replaceability of the cutting head in the lower body in an analogous manner, as they were previously described.

It is particularly advantageous if the connection approach engages positively, self-centering, in particular self-locking or self-locking in the recess. Due to the configuration of the connection approach and the recess not only a simple positive engagement is given, but it is achieved that the cutting head, in addition to a secure connection, at the same centered during insertion and then locked or self-securing. The connection means provided for the connection between the knife carrier and the knife in the prior art are only necessary in the solution according to the invention only as an additional backup, because due to the design and the formation of the connecting surfaces a self-centering and self-locking or self-locking connection arises, which makes it possible to work the hammer in the crushing without a corresponding securing means, such as a screw, without the cutter head separates from the lower body. The flail according to the invention now uses the securing means as an additional safeguard, which increases the safety of the crushing device as a whole.

It is furthermore of particular advantage if the connecting projection and the recess have a shape which corresponds to one another and are in particular hooked or self-locking or self-holding. This solution offers, in addition to the already described self-centering and self-locking effect, a further increase in security. The entanglement can be relatively easily solved, for example in case of repair by a slight blow against the securing or Verhakungs- direction (in the cutting direction).

In a variant, the invention is characterized in that the recess is located in the front part of the lower body viewed in the cutting direction. Therefore, this variant is advantageous, as by doing so by the lower body nor a support function, which will be described later, can be provided.

The recess is advantageously enclosed on four sides according to an embodiment and in particular has lateral guide webs. These lateral guide webs offer a further advantageous effect, namely such that now actually the entire connecting means is concealed in the lower body and at the same time the cutting head is guided laterally during insertion into the lower body with its connecting means and thereby very safely brought into the desired position, without having to re-check it here. Even if a not 100% insertion, due to appropriate lighting conditions in case of repair does not seem possible. It is now easily possible, without visual recognition, due to the lateral guidance in cooperation with the recess and the corresponding, form-fitting configuration of the connection, to use the cutting head safely in the recess and to fix.

Another aspect of the invention is characterized in that the recess is arranged oriented in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the unit of the bowl. This embodiment offers manufacturing technology but also in the intended use of the baffle advantages, such that the concealed arrangement of the connection between the cutting body and lower body, but also the safe transmission of crushing forces from the rotor on the flail is very low.

According to a variant, the invention is further characterized in that at least two support surfaces extend in the recess, which are preferably angled wedge-shaped or tapered outwardly. By this configuration of the recess with support surfaces, it is of course also necessary to assign the connection approach corresponding to the areas and it is possible thereby to achieve a support of the cutting head in the lower body, connected to a self-centering. The wedge-shaped angled or conically outwardly extending surfaces are particularly suitable for such a self-centering but also self-locking connection.

The bend or the conical shape of the support surfaces may be provided both falling outward and falling inwards. The invention is not limited to a particular embodiment. Both variants guarantee the same effect.

The invention is further distinguished by the fact that a non-falling or non-angled region is provided between two support surfaces. As a result, the previously described effects of self-centering and self-locking are achieved even better than is already possible by designing with support surfaces.

An advantageous variant of the invention is characterized in that the support surfaces extend beyond the upper edge of the recess in the installed position and form a fastening and / or support body with a part of the lower body. By the upper edge of the recess is meant the side on which the cutting body is able to intervene with its connection approach. Accordingly, in the normal installation position, the upper edge is essentially in horizontal extension, so that the cutting body is able to intervene there accordingly. The attachment and / or support body offers the opportunity to use the solid trained lower body for a support of the cutting head and then achieve the desired compact unit in the connection of the two components of the invention Schlegel and still provide sufficient support and thus secure transmission of To get forces on the cutting head. In addition, the formation of a fastening and / or support body on the lower body offers the possibility of securing the cutting head in the installed position by means of a fixing device or a securing device in the form of a screw. This backup is merely as it were as additional security and is actually not necessary due to the design of the connection between the cutting head and lower body. In a variant of the invention, it is therefore further provided to form support surfaces on the support body, which are in particular angled wedge-shaped with respect to the cutting direction. Of course, correspondingly arranged and formed surfaces are present on the cutting head, which then cooperate with each other during assembly of the two components of the invention.

In the support body, as already mentioned, a bore is provided, which serves to receive a fixing means such as a screw.

The flail is further distinguished by the fact that the recess has the shape of a J seen laterally in section. Of course, the connection lug on the cutting head has the same corresponding J-shape. The configuration of this connection in the form of a J has the advantage that the front tip of the bent part of the J of the connection lug is supported correspondingly in the recess of the recess or engages or hooks there. Thus, in particular the previously mentioned self-locking or even hooking configuration of the compound is achieved. It is self-evident that all mating surfaces are to be formed correspondingly correspondingly in order to obtain the effect according to the invention.

It is furthermore advantageous if the front edge of the recess viewed in the cutting direction, viewed in section, is designed as a nose or in the form of a roller in cross-section. This configuration is also used to safely support the cutting body with its connection approach in the lower body and further also the self-locking or self-hooking training the connection of lower body and cutting head.

The configuration of the recess with laterally supporting and leading guide webs has already been described. According to a further variant of the invention, it is provided to design these lateral guide webs in the direction of installation pointing upwards as bearing surfaces. This will achieved the desired support of the cutting head in the entire width on the lower body in a clever variant.

These lateral guide webs or their support surfaces according to the invention have two laterally extending side by side of the support body extensions, which are preferably angled relative to the bearing surfaces, in particular rising. By this configuration, a further positive connection and in particular a very favorable support of the cutting head is effected on the lower body.

The bearing surfaces are according to a variant of the invention plan or flat or viewed laterally as a straight line. Another variant proposes that the support surfaces are designed laterally curved, they can be concave or convex. Opposite the extensions offers an arcuate or concave or convex-shaped configuration has the advantage that you can get a favorable fit even at these lateral surfaces, if, for example, the support surfaces formed laterally arcuate and extending the extensions straight. Manufacturing technology, both variants are possible. It is preferred if both the bearing surfaces and the extensions are rectilinear, but angled relative to each other.

The invention proposes a development, such that in the cutting head cooperating with the bore of the support body further bore is arranged, which serves to receive a fixing head fixing the fixing and / or fastening means. As a fixing and / or fastening means is preferred to provide a machine screw and more preferably a machine screw with a nut with self-locking thread.

It is furthermore advantageous if the flail according to the invention is characterized in that counter-bearing surfaces designed or shaped corresponding to the bearing surfaces of the lower body are provided on the cutting head. These are then supported on the bearing surfaces of the lower body. pers and offer the advantage of compact design of the bowl in the form of an outwardly appearing compact unit. The release of the cutting head of the lower body is favored by the configuration of these mutually corresponding counter-bearing surfaces. As already mentioned, this is achieved by a slight blow in the cutting direction or counter to the locking direction after the locking screws have been removed. The cutting head can then be removed without problem from the lower body and replaced by a cutting head with not worn cutting.

It is of course also possible, e.g. when converting the shredding device to another cutting task that all cutting heads are replaced by differently shaped cutting heads. So it is easily possible, for example, to use so-called eucalyptus mallets, which are usually provided with two cutting blades, which are arranged laterally on webs of the cutting head, or to use cutting heads with a continuously shaped knife, which of course also in the entire width Supporting cutting body. Furthermore, it is possible to use cutting heads provided with a plurality of knives, wherein the knives are likewise shaped differently again and can also be made of different materials, for example of hard metal or of hardened steel. The invention thus offers the advantage of having to remove the entire rotor of the crushing device or the entire shaft of the crushing device, easily replace the knife and secure the newly inserted cutter heads securely to the lower body, without being removed from the rotor or the shaft got to.

The invention is characterized in an advantageous development in that the lower body and / or cutting head were at least partially obtained as a forged stamped part. Thus, in the forging or stamping process, it is possible to produce most of the constituents of the flagon according to the invention. In particular, it is also possible to produce the recess and the connection approach accordingly. The invention is also characterized in that at the cutting head, as already mentioned, at least one knife is provided.

However, the invention is not limited to only one knife, but it is according to the invention, as already mentioned, easily possible to provide a variety of knives on the cutting head and then vorzuhalten different cutting heads to respond to different shredding tasks can. It is probably possible to provide a knife continuously on the cutting head as well as several knives or make the cutting head so that, for example, only two knives are provided laterally left and right to carry out the cutting process.

It is furthermore advantageous if, as described above, the flail is distinguished by the fact that the blade has at least hardened regions on the edges and / or sides pointing in the cutting direction. It is both possible to provide only partially hardened areas, as well as to harden the entire cutting blade area accordingly. The knife or the hardened areas or areas are obtained, for example, by welding or on armor.

According to a variant of the invention, it is provided that a fixing opening is provided on the lower body, which is preferably provided on the side facing away from the cutting direction of the lower body and which extends at least to the through hole in the lower body and serves to receive a Schlegelfixiermittels. The Schlegelfixiermittel can be given for example in the form of a screw, a fixing screw, a wedge or the like.

According to the invention, it is further provided that in the through hole, a sleeve can be arranged, which is used as a clamping sleeve for fixing the Schlegels on or on the rotor or the shaft of Zer is used. Also, the clamping sleeve can be fixed by means of the previously described fixing means through the fixing opening.

In order to ensure the compactness of the baffle, it is provided that the connecting lug provided on the cutting head, as already described, has an outer shape or contour corresponding to the shape of the interior of the recess. Thus, it is provided, for example, according to a development to make the connection approach laterally in the form of a J. Of course, it is also possible to provide counter-bearing surfaces formed on the connecting lug corresponding to the supporting surfaces of the lower body. Furthermore, the invention proposes to provide on the cutting head corresponding to the support surfaces of the support body formed and arranged counter support surfaces. This embodiment has also been described in detail earlier.

The configuration of the knives on the flail according to the invention is in no way limited according to the invention. For example, it is possible to form the knife from hard metal. It is of course also possible to form the knife as an insert and to design the insert accordingly.

Accordingly, it is provided according to a further variant of the invention to provide guide surfaces on the cutting plate, which taper the cutting plate on the side facing away from the cutting direction, such that a guide of the material to be comminuted by the cutting plate itself.

The invention also proposes that in the installation direction below the knife or at least one baffle plate is provided. The baffle plate is used in addition to a reduction in wear and the crushing process as a whole.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the cutting head has two blades which are arranged on parallel shaped cutting head sections. This embodiment is particularly suitable for shredding tion tasks, which are to shred softer material. Such flails with the above-described cutting heads are also used as so-called Eucalyptusschlegel.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the knife or the wedge-shaped and / or V-shaped is / are. In this case, the V-shape is favorably to be understood as meaning that the blades run out wedge-shaped against the cutting direction. Of course, it is also possible to provide the wedge shape of the knife in the cutting direction, to obtain an improvement in the cutting action here.

The invention is also characterized by an embodiment in which the knife is integrally formed and corresponds to the width of the cutting head as a whole. The cutting head is rounded according to the invention against the cutting direction and / or angled. Thus, a so-called free cut is easily achieved and it does not come to the material jam during the cutting process.

The invention also proposes a mallet which has a cutting head which, viewed in the cutting direction, has a so-called cutting attachment which carries the knife or knives. As it were tongue-like, the cutting head is laterally formed. The cutting lug carries the knife (s) at its front end (in the cutting direction). Also, this cutting head is intended for special crushing tasks and universally vorhält- and used.

The invention also relates to a comminuting device with at least one flail according to one of the previously described embodiments.

However, the invention also provides a shredding system which is particularly suitable for the rotor or shaft crushing devices described above, comprising a lower body and a plurality of cutting heads as previously described. It is now possible vorzuhalten different types of flail for a crushing device of the type in question, without operating the entire cost of materials of a whole Schlegel have to. Rather, it is sufficient to provide the existing on the crushing lower body with different cutting heads, designed according to the features of the invention provide. So you can now hold for the different shredding tasks, such as the shredding of waste or the crushing of wood of different hardness, the different cutting heads and replace them if necessary. Not yet worn cutting heads with their corresponding knives can also be stored for later comminuted shredding work and do not have to be scrapped immediately. Accordingly, it is characterized by the fact that the comminuting system is also characterized by the fact that the cutting heads have differently designed knives or cutting plates for a wide variety of comminution tasks. Lower body can hold with different diameters of the through hole, so that even different crushing devices can be operated, the different Wellenbzw. Have rotor diameter.

The crushing system as described above is characterized by the fact that the blades and / or cutting plates are provided with different cutting angles for different crushing tasks. It is provided according to a further variant, that the blades and / or inserts against the cutting direction are tapered, in particular wedge-shaped expiring formed.

The invention will be further described by means of embodiments.

Show it:

Fig. 1a exploded view of an embodiment of the invention Schlegelels;

Fig. 1b to 1c three-dimensional view of the embodiment of Fig. 1a; Fig. 2a to 2c further embodiments of the invention with a modified cutting head;

3a to 3c variant of the knife according to the invention with one-piece knife on Schlegel head;

4a to 4b lower body in three-dimensional representation according to the invention;

Fig. 5a to 5c different views of an embodiment of a cutting head according to the invention;

6a to 6c further variant of a cutting head according to the invention;

Fig. 7a to 7c embodiment of a cutting head according to the invention with two knives;

8a to 8c one-piece design of the blade on a cutting head according to the invention;

9a to 9c cutting head with conical blade;

10a to 15b further embodiments of cutting heads according to the invention;

16a to 16b embodiment of a variant of a lower body according to the invention;

Fig. 17 to 18b cutting heads in further embodiment examples and

19a to 20c further variants of the cutting head and lower body according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of an embodiment of the invention Schlegel. The cutting head 3 is in one of the lower body. 2 shown separated position. On the cutting head 3 are cutting head sections 31 and 32, each carrying a knife 11. The connecting lug 5 is designed for positive engagement in the recess 4 of the lower body 2 and, as can be seen, takes place here already by the joining of lower body 2 and recess 4 a positive connection between the lower body 2 and the cutting head 3. The compound is both self-centering as well as self-fixing or selbstverhakend trained. This also results from the J-shape, which both the connecting lug 5 and inside the recess 4 have. On the cutting body 3 are located below the knife 11 baffle plates 13, which reduce the wear on the cutting head sections or on the cutting head itself. By the reference numeral 8/4 a bore in the cutting head 3 is referred to, which cooperates with a bore 8/3 on the lower body 2, such that a fastening means 10 can be passed through this bore to secure the cutting head in addition to the self-locking connection measures. The bore 8/4 is designed so that it is able to completely accommodate the head of a machine screw in order to secure it against wear and especially against loosening.

On the lower body 2, the through hole A is provided, which is provided for attachment of the lower body on or on the rotor or a shaft provided on the rotor or a shaft in the crushing device. In the through hole A, a sleeve 2/3 is inserted, which is formed for example as a clamping sleeve and realized the fixation of the lower body 2 on the rotor or the shaft, not shown. In the recess 4, which is formed closed on four sides, there are support surfaces 7, which extend angled wedge-shaped outward. Between two support surfaces 7 there is a non-angled region, which received the reference numeral 70 in a later representation. In order to better transmit and absorb the forces transmitted from the lower body 2 to the cutting head 3, there is a support body 8 on the lower body 2 in the upper extension, the support surfaces 8/1 and 8/2 has, where then correspondingly corresponding surfaces of the cutting body 3 rest. This will, in addition to the excellent self-centering and fixation at the same time created a cheaper component of power transmission. Side of the recess 4 are located on or on the webs 6 bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2, which are flat or flat in the embodiment shown. Angled to these bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2 extend extensions 6/3 and 6/4. The cutting head 3 rests with its surfaces correspondingly formed thereon, so that the cutting head 3 is supported in its entire width on or on the lower body 2. The fastener 10 in the form of a screw is used in the illustrated embodiment, only an additional backup. As already described above, the flail according to the invention is distinguished by self-centering and self-fixing properties, which were obtained in particular by the concealed shape of the connecting means. It is therefore a particular embodiment of the recess 4, which cooperates with the connection lug 5 and which is protected in particular by the four-sided enclosed recess 4. Accordingly, wear does not take place at the connection point, namely at the connection projection and the recess, so that it is easy to put on a new cutting head 3 after the cutting head 3 or its knife 11 has worn out.

The invention also allows, however, that in addition to the illustrated embodiment of a cutting head 3, of course, completely different cutting heads 3 can be placed there, the only in the connecting lug 5 and in the design of the bearing surfaces 6/1 ... and the extensions 6/3. .. must be formed analogously in order to obtain the same effect as previously described, namely a self-centering and adjusting or hooking configuration of the connection of the cutting head 3 with the lower body. 2

FIGS. 1 b and 1 c show different views of the bracket 1 described in FIG. 1 a in its assembled or assembled version. The reference symbol I indicates that a structural unit is produced, which in particular is compact and thus provides a flail which, with regard to the connection between the cutting head 3 and the lower body 2, is completely complete is protected. This is clearly shown in the two illustrations Fig. 1b and 1c. By the reference numeral 2/1, a fixing opening is still shown in Fig. 1c, in which a fixing means is insertable. This can also be done for example in the form of a screw, a pin, a wedge or the like. All other reference numerals have already been presented in FIG. 1 and are used here in the same way.

2a to 2c show a further embodiment of a beater according to the invention with a modified cutting head 3. The blades are here designed as a cutting plate 12, which are in particular angled wedge-shaped, such that the cutting surfaces simultaneously serve the leadership of the material to be crushed. At the cutting plates 12 are guide surfaces 12/1, 12/2 provided. These serve the management of the material and the provision of a free cut. Of the cutting plates 12 opposite to the cutting direction wedge-shaped recesses extend on the cutting head 3, which also serve the smooth passage of material and also creates a free cut. All other reference numerals have been previously explained and are used here in the same way again.

Fig. 2c also shows an exploded view, in which case the previously described variant of the bowl according to FIGS. 2a and 2b is shown.

The variants 3a to 3c show a further variant of a beater according to the invention with a one-piece knife at the beater head.

The difference to the previously described variants of the invention is that the flail head 3 carries a one-piece blade 11 which extends over the entire width of the flail head and also of the lower body. This special solving tasks are solvable, which can be realized only with such a flail head or with such, arranged on the flail head knife. All other features of the invention are realized in the same manner as in the previous embodiments. Fig. 3a shows a view in three-dimensional representation obliquely from the front, in Fig. 3b is a view obliquely from behind and Fig. 3c is again the exploded view.

FIGS. 4a and 4b show a lower body according to the invention in a three-dimensional representation, wherein it is possible here to illustrate the individual features of the lower body more clearly than in the preceding embodiment variants. Fig. 4a shows the lower body 2 obliquely from the front, whereby the support surfaces 7 are visible. Also clearly visible is the area 70, which is not angled. Starting from the support surfaces 7 in the recess 4, the support surfaces 8/1 and 8/2 extend to a support body 8. At this support body 8, not shown in this illustration, the cutting head 3 is supported. Very well visible are also the bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2, the web-like (web 6), the recess 4 limit laterally. It can also be clearly seen that the entire recess 4 is closed or enclosed on four sides. Thus, the engagement approach provided for the cutting head of the cutting head is then protected or by the compact design of the entire Schlegels the connection is also inclusive of the recess 4 and provided there support surfaces 7 or support surfaces 8/1 and 8/2. The bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2 set against the cutting direction, so to speak to the rear, where there are provided with respect to the bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2 angled extensions 6/3 and 6/4. The cutting head 3 has on its underside correspondingly trained surfaces which ensure that the previously assembled, assembled representations here no gaps arise where material can penetrate or where wear can take place. The supporting effect occurs accordingly.

FIGS. 5a to 5c show a further variant of a cutting head 3 according to the invention in various views. In this representation, the counter support surfaces 71, which interact with the support surfaces 7 of the lower body 2, are shown for the first time. Also visible are the counter bearing surfaces 3/1 and 3/2 and the counter extension 3/3. The knife is formed in this embodiment as a cutting plate 12. It is clearly evident that the cutting plates 12 are wedge-shaped and in particular also connect to the rear, wedge-shaped recesses on the cutting head 3, whereby a free cut is formed.

Fig. 6a to 6c differ from the previously presented Fig. 5 only in that here a cutting head is presented with a cutting projection 33, which carries the knife or as shown here, a cutting plate 12 and a plurality of cutting plates 12. Figs. 7a to 7c show an embodiment of a cutting head 3, the cutting head portions 31, 32 which are separated by a U-shaped opening. At the cutting head portions 31 and 32, a knife 11 is provided in each case, which is also angled wedge-shaped in the cutting direction and which is fixed, for example, as a hard metal on the cutting head portion.

FIGS. 8a to 8c, in turn, show a cutting head with a different blade 11, in this version namely a knife formed in one piece. The knife 11 is also provided, for example, as carbide. With respect to the angular position of the blade 11 is to say that this can be changed according to the respective cutting task of course in other cutting heads 3, such that other angular positions can be achieved. It can be achieved both a sharper and a duller angle. The invention is not limited to a specific angular position here.

9a to 9c show an embodiment of a cutting head 3 with a conical blade 11. The blade 11 is stepped with respect to the cone angle. The flail according to this embodiment is suitable for undertaking comminution tasks which require a punctiform entry of the comminuting tool. Otherwise, the reference numerals correspond to the already presented embodiments.

FIGS. 10a to 15b show flails or cutting heads which differ only in that the bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2 located laterally next to the recess 4 and the corresponding thereto on the Cutting heads 3 provided surfaces are formed bent. Although this arcuate design has the advantage of further centering, but manufacturing technology is somewhat difficult to produce. Nevertheless, the invention also includes this embodiment. All other embodiments or features and reference numerals correspond to those that have already been presented in the preceding description of the embodiments. It is therefore dispensed with a renewed presentation of these reference numerals.

16a and 16b show a lower body 2, which also has the curved bearing surfaces 6/1 and 6/2.

FIGS. 17 to 18b show a cutting head 3, which in turn has a conical blade or, in FIG. 18a, two such conical knives 11 and can otherwise be inserted into a lower body according to FIGS. 16a and 16b.

Figs. 19a to 20c show specific embodiments of the cutting head 3 according to the invention and the lower body 2 according to the invention. In these two variants illustrated certain radii, angular dimensions, dimensions are called, which are expressly taken for the illustrated variant of the illustrated Schleels 1 to complete. The special embodiments with respect to the radii on the connection approach provide for the self-centering or selbstverhakende or self-fixing design. The same is to say about the design of the radii for the cut-free on the cutting body 3, which is in a variant shown at 163.2 mm. Also, the radius of 18 mm for the front part of the connecting lug should be put under protection.

The variant shown in FIGS. 19a to 19d shows the special design of a beater, which is provided here for comminution tasks, as used in particular for the comminution of soft wood materials. Further ahead, this variant was called Eucalyptusschlegel. Also, the diameters of the holes or dimensions of the fixing means are a special embodiment, which fall within the scope of the invention. The same applies to the Configuration of the dimensions and angles in FIGS. 20a to 20c. It should be mentioned in particular, the conical angling of the support surfaces, which together make an angle of 140 °. The non-angled area is sized at 10.5 mm. The recess 4 is in the example shown 60 mm, seen from the side, wide. The lower body 2 has a total of the upper part of a width of 90 mm and in the lower part (including the sleeve located in the through hole A 2/3) 105 mm. The radii for the nose 9, the J, the angular position of the support body and the dimensions of the holes are special embodiments and in the illustrated variant of the scope of the invention mit summarized.

The dimensions given in the figures represent preferred variants. However, the invention is not limited to these dimensions. Rather, in the description and the claims features specified that claim a broader protection for the invention.

The invention has been described above with reference to exemplary embodiments. The claims now filed later and with the application are attempts to formulate without prejudice to the attainment of further protection.

The references cited in the dependent claims indicate the further development of the subject matter of the main claim by the features of the respective subclaim. However, these are not to be understood as a waiver of obtaining independent, objective protection for the features of the dependent claims.

Features that have hitherto been disclosed only in the description may be claimed in the course of the method as of essential importance to the invention, for example to distinguish from the prior art.

Claims

claims

1. Schlegel, in particular for crushing devices with a rotor or at least one shaft, on or on which the flail (1) can be fastened, consisting of a through hole (A) provided with lower body (2), wherein the through hole (A) is provided for connecting the bracket (1) with the rotor or the shaft, and at least one cutting head (3), wherein the at least one cutting head (3) with the lower body (2) releasably / firmly connectable, characterized in that in the lower body (2) is provided with a recess (4) arranged in the interior of the lower body (2), in which at least one connection projection (5) provided on the cutting head (3) engages in a form-fitting manner.

2. Schlegel according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower body (2) and cutting head (3) in the connected state form a structural, in particular compact unit (I) of a Schlegels (1).

3. flail according to one or both of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compact unit (I) is cuboidal and the lower body (2) only at one, in particular in the direction of installation above intended side or on the connection side to the cutting head ( 3) is at least partially open.

4. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting head (3) in its entire width on or on the lower body (2) is supported.

5. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting head (3) in the lower body (2) at least partially, in particular with the connecting lug (5) is designed to be used.

6. flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection lug (5) positively, self-centering, in particular self-locking or self-locking engages in the recess (4).

7. flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting lug (5) and the recess (4) have a mutually corresponding shape and in particular hooked, are formed self-holding.

8. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess (4) is provided in the cutting direction seen in front part of the lower body (2).

9. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess (4) is enclosed on four sides and in particular lateral guide webs (6).

10. flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess (4) is arranged oriented in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the unit (I).

11. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the recess (4) at least two support surfaces (7) extend, which are preferably angled wedge-shaped or tapered outwardly tapering out.

12. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bend or the conical shape of the support surfaces (7) is provided falling or falling inwards outwardly.

13. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that between two support surfaces (7) a non-falling or not angled region (70) is provided.

14. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support surfaces (7) extend beyond the upper edge of the recess (4) in the installed position and with a part of the lower body (2) a fastening and / or supporting body ( 8) form.

15. flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the support body (8) supporting surfaces (8/1, 8/2) are formed, which are in particular angled wedge-shaped with respect to the cutting direction.

A mallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a bore (8/3) is provided in the supporting body (8), which bore is intended to receive a fixing agent, e.g. a screw (8/4) is used.

17. mallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess (4) seen laterally in section has the shape of a J.

18. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front edge in the cutting direction of the recess (4) viewed in section as a nose (9) is formed.

19. mallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nose (9) is formed in a cylindrical cross-section.

20. mallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral guide webs (6) in the installation direction facing upwards as bearing surfaces (6/1, 6/2) are provided.

21. Flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral guide webs (6) or their bearing surfaces (6/1, 6/2) at least two laterally adjacent to the support body (8) extending extensions (6/3, 6/4), which are preferably angled relative to the bearing surfaces (6/1, 6/2).

22. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing surfaces (6/1, 6/2) plan, flat or viewed laterally are formed straight.

23. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing surfaces (6/1, 6/2) are seen laterally arcuate or concave or convex

24. flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the lower body (2) has a fixing opening (2/1) is provided which is preferably provided on the side facing away from the cutting direction of the lower body (2), at least extends to the through hole (A) and serves to receive a Schlegel fixative (2/2).

25. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the through hole (A), a sleeve (2/3) can be arranged, which is used as a clamping sleeve for fastening the Schlegels (1) on or on the rotor or the Shaft of the crushing device is used.

26. Flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the cutting head (3) provided connection lug (5) has an outer shape or contour corresponding to the shape of the interior of the recess (4) corresponding.

27. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting lug (5) seen laterally has the shape of a J.

28. Flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the connecting lug (5) corresponding to the support surfaces (7) of the lower body (2) formed counter-supporting surfaces (71) are provided.

29. Flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the cutting head (3) corresponding to the support surfaces (8/1, 8/2) of the support body (8) formed and arranged counter support surfaces (81, 82) are provided ,

30. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the cutting head (3) with a bore (8/3) of the support body (8) cooperating bore (8/4) is arranged, which is the recording of a Cutting body fixing fixing and / or fastening means (10) is used.

31. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that as fixing and / or fastening means (10) is provided a machine screw, preferably with a nut with self-locking thread.

32. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the cutting head (3) corresponding to the bearing surfaces (6/1, 6/2) of the lower body (2) formed or shaped counter bearing surfaces (3/1, 3 / 3) are provided.

33. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that lower body (2) and / or cutting head (3) were at least partially obtained as forging / stamping part.

34. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the cutting head (3) at least one knife (11) is provided.

35. Flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knife (11) has hardened areas on the edges and / or sides pointing in the cutting direction.

36. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knife (11) or the hardened or the areas were obtained by armoring or welding.

37. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knife (11) is formed of hard metal.

38. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knife (11) is designed as a cutting plate (12) and on the cutting plate (12) guide surfaces (12/1, 12/2) are provided, which the cutting plate (12) taper on the side facing away from the cutting direction, such that a guide of the material to be comminuted takes place.

39. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the installation direction below the or the knife (11) at least one baffle plate (13) is provided.

40. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting head (3) has two blades (11) which are arranged on parallel shaped cutting head portions (31, 32).

41. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the one or more knives (11) is wedge-shaped and / or V-shaped / are.

42. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knife (11) integrally formed and the width of the cutting head (3).

43. Schlegel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting head (3) is rounded against the cutting direction and / or angled.

44. Flail according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting head (3) seen in the cutting direction has a cutting lug (33) which carries the one or more knives (11).

45. Crushing device with at least one flail (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 44.

46. A grinding system for flails, in particular for comminution devices according to claim 1, consisting of a lower body (2) and a plurality of cutting heads (3) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 44.

47. Grinding system according to claim 46, characterized in that the cutting heads for different shredding tasks formed knife (11) and / or cutting plates (12).

48. Crushing system according to one or both of claims 46 and 47, characterized in that the knives (11) and / or cutting plates (12) are provided with different cutting angles for different crushing tasks.

49. comminuting system according to one or more of claims 46 to 48, characterized in that the blades (11) and / or cutting plates (12) counter to the cutting direction are tapered, in particular wedge-shaped running out.