Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
  • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
  • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
  • E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
  • E04D3/06—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
  • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
  • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
  • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
  • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
  • F24S80/58—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by their mountings or fixing means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
  • F24S2020/13—Overlaying arrangements similar to roof tiles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
  • F24S2020/17—Arrangements of solar thermal modules combined with solar PV modules
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

• the invention relates to a solar roof comprising devices able to capture solar energy to provide electrical and thermal energy, such as photovoltaic systems generating electricity and solar collectors respectively used for hot water production. .
• a photovoltaic module is generally formed of a photovoltaic panel integrating the photovoltaic cells, and a metal frame surrounding and carrying the panel, this frame also incorporating the cables for electrical distribution.
• the photovoltaic panel is designed at least on its front face facing the outside environment, with a glass substrate.
• the panel comprises a glass substrate thus constituting its front face, a plastic film or a glass substrate constituting its rear face; between the substrates of front face and rear face are inserted one or more polymeric spacers and a photovoltaic element, formed by a stack of semiconductor materials taken between two metal electrodes.
• the materials semiconductors are for example based on crystalline silicon or thin layers.
• sensors are in particular in the form of modules, comprising a transparent cover, such as a glass substrate, and an absorber.
• the absorber is an element in which circulates a heat transfer fluid, such as simply water to be heated.
• the transparent cover passes solar radiation to the absorber to heat the circulating fluid, and advantageously confines the infrared radiation, thus minimizing the cooling of the absorber.
• thermal insulation is arranged at the rear and on the periphery of the module.
• thermal modules providing hot air are known.
• the US patent application US 2006/0118163 proposes not only to have photovoltaic modules on a roof, but also thermal modules hot air.
• These hot air thermal modules or sensors comprise substrates that leave pass solar energy, and a space where air is confined to be warmed by said energy.
• Distribution ducts are connected to these modules to capture the hot air, and ensure the supply of air to be heated in the confinement space.
• thermal modules can be used for the production of hot air, they can not meet the need for hot water production since the air / water exchangers would require a considerable exchange surface and would not allow not reach the temperatures required for domestic hot water, especially sanitary.
• these photovoltaic modules and solar thermal collectors hot air and / or hot water.
• they lead to a substantial investment for a home.
• individuals choose rather efficient insulation of their home, possibly associated with one or other of the thermal and electrical energy supply solutions described above, but rarely accumulate these solutions.
• the invention therefore aims to provide a solar roof incorporating at least one photovoltaic device and at least one solar thermal sensor for producing hot water, this roof providing the following advantages: - reduced installation costs, the provision of a performance-efficient unit producing, thanks to the solar thermal collector and the exclusive configuration of the roof, without requiring additional independent heating systems, very hot water directly useful to the needs health,
• the subject of the invention is a solar roof comprising at least one photovoltaic device, comprising a front structure and a rear structure, and at least one solar thermal sensor capable of delivering hot water, called solar water collector.
• hot having a front structure and a rear structure, the respective front structures of the photovoltaic device and the hot water solar collector consisting of glass substrates forming a cover which has an upper face, intended to be facing the external environment, and an opposite inner face, the respective rear structures of the photovoltaic device and the hot water solar collector being arranged under the cover, facing the inner face, characterized in that said glass substrates are devoid of metal frames and associated with each other, possibly being separated by other glass substrates, called substrates s, to form a unitary and uniform glass cover.
• this roof combines several energy recovery systems able to produce electricity and hot water.
• the configuration of the front structures of photovoltaic devices and solar collectors thanks to glass substrates similar in their shape and appearance, provides a coating, or cover, having a unitary surface continuity without appearance difference, at least at the area surrounding the photovoltaic devices and the solar thermal collectors, and preferably over the entire area. area of the roof.
• the solar photovoltaic devices and solar hot water solar collectors are devoid of metal frames, which allows a better energy efficiency of the solar roof.
• metal frames surrounding photovoltaic devices and solar collectors constitute stopping points for aeraulic flow within the solar roof, in natural or forced convection.
• the absence of metal frames significantly reduces thermal bridges and promotes a homogeneous heat exchange within the roof. This results in seamless coupling between photovoltaic devices and solar collectors.
• this cover by glass substrates is simple to put in place, just like any usual cover type tiles or slates. Specialists able to fix the solar collectors have only to take care of mounting the rear structures of said devices and sensors, while separately the roofer realizes the roof covering of the entire roof.
• the roof has a slope defining a ridge, and comprising an upper part near the ridge, and a part lower opposite, the or each photovoltaic device being arranged in the lower part, while the or each solar hot water sensor is disposed in the upper part.
• the roof advantageously comprises, under the inner face of the cover and perpendicular to its surface, two thermal insulation barriers which are arranged laterally and on either side of the or each solar hot water sensor. , for example at a distance of 5 cm, and so as to leave open the zone extending towards the photovoltaic device or devices.
• the air under the roof is advantageously hot; its heat is notably provided thanks to the solar radiation crossing the glass roof, and to the heating of the photovoltaic devices.
• the insulation barriers thus allow, by their configuration and their specific arrangement which does not obstruct the air coming from the zone where the photovoltaic devices are located, to confine the hot air around the hot water solar collector, reducing its thermal losses and thus guaranteeing very hot water.
• the barriers extend beyond the hot water solar collector, in particular to a distance of between 10 and 50 cm.
• This zone at the front of the solar hot water collector ensures a temperature gradient between the air entering this zone and the edge of the sensor. otherwise avoiding a turbulence regime that would result in the cooling of the air in this area.
• the roof comprises means for forced convection of airflow circulating under the roof.
• These means including in particular one or more air extractors, are able to regulate the flow of air flowing under the roof to guarantee, on the one hand, a ventilation of the photovoltaic devices, avoiding their too much heating, and, d on the other hand, a forced supply of hot flow to the or each hot water solar collector.
• the extractors have a selectively adjustable flow rate depending on their zone of location and / or according to the climatic conditions. The regulation is in particular obtained from the speed of rotation of the motors of the extractors, this speed of rotation being able to be controlled automatically by a variable speed drive.
• three air extractors will be arranged under the roof. They will preferably respectively be arranged, when two thermal insulation barriers are provided near the hot water solar collector, in the zone of the hot water sensor, called the central zone, and in the two adjacent zones on either side. said barriers.
• a low air speed under the photovoltaic devices of the order of 0.1 m / s is enough to keep them at a low temperature, and the system will be configured to direct the calories to the area of the hot water solar collector.
• Vi is between 0 and 0.1 m / s
• V 2 is between 0.1 and 0.3 m / s.
• the photovoltaic device can be separated from the solar hot water sensor by a transition zone, the roof having in this zone glass substrates, called transition substrates.
• a particularly troublesome disadvantage for existing photovoltaic devices is the rise in temperature which greatly degrades their efficiency.
• the transition zone is advantageous for allowing a ventilation effect of the photovoltaic device or devices which thus do not undergo overheating because, if not of too close proximity to the hot water solar collector (s).
• This transition zone has the function of ensuring that the speed of the air under the photovoltaic devices or modules remains uniform even when the speeds Vi and V 2 will be very different. It has a minimum dimension that is between 10 and 50 cm, depending on the configuration of the roof: slope, thickness of the air space under the roof, mounting system. It will be preferable to take higher values and enlarge the area so as to obtain a better decoupling of the velocities between Vi and v 2 , on the one hand, and the speed of the air under the photovoltaic devices, on the other hand go. In practice, the size of this zone may correspond to the portion of the roof that is not covered by the substrates of photovoltaic devices and solar hot water collectors.
• this transition zone is advantageously used to include complementary energy recovery systems that are thermal air heat sensors capable of generating hot air.
• These hot air sensors comprise a front structure constituted by the transition glass substrates, and a rear structure under the cover comprising a reflective element of the light energy.
• the photovoltaic device (s), the hot water solar collector (s) and the hot air thermal collector (s) are each respectively distributed on one third of the roof.
• the rear structure of the or each photovoltaic device comprises at least one support substrate associated with the front structure, photovoltaic cells being arranged between the front structure and the support substrate or substrates of the rear structure.
• the rear structure of the or each hot water solar collector comprises an absorber arranged at a distance h 2 from the front structure of said sensor, as well as a thermal insulator disposed under the absorber, in contrast of the cover and contiguous to the absorber or at a distance hi from the absorber such that hi is less than h 2 , hi and h 2 being preferably such that the size hi + h 2 is between 10 and 100 mm, in particular between 30 and 50 mm.
• the glass substrates of the or each photovoltaic device and the or each hot water solar collector, and the transition glass substrates are formed of hardened monolithic glass or laminated glass. They can alternatively be double glazed, except for photovoltaic devices.
• the glass substrates of the or each photovoltaic device and the or each hot water solar collector, and the transition glass substrates, are fixed together by fastening means, such as hooks.
• the glass substrates of the or each photovoltaic device and / or the or each hot water solar collector, and optionally the transition glass substrates, comprise functional coatings of anti-reflective type, and / or low-emissive.
• the roof is arranged on a frame to which are associated the rear structure of the hot water solar collector, and optionally the rear structure of hot air thermal collectors whose front structure consists of transition substrates.
• the frame advantageously comprises thermal insulation means, which comprise a film capable of reflecting heat and arranged opposite the inner face of the cover. This heat reflecting film may be the heat insulator of the absorber of the hot water and hot air sensors.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a roof according to the invention associated with a frame
• FIGS. 2a and 2b are partial sectional views of Figure 1 according to two embodiments of assembly of the cover of the roof;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the roof of Figure 1;
• FIG. 4 is a side view and in section along the axis C-C of Figure 3;
• FIG. 5 illustrates a sectional view and from above of Figure 1;
• - Figure 6 is a partial elevational view with a section along the axis B-B of Figure 3.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a solar roof 1 according to the invention mounted on the frame 1A of a dwelling not shown.
• the frame is understood by all the means of support and help in fixing the roof.
• the roof 1 preferably has a slope, like most roofs, defining a ridge 12.
• the roof 1 comprises a cover 2 formed by the combination of a plurality of glass substrates 20, 21 and 22 planes, giving an appearance of unitary surface and continuous.
• the cover 2 has an upper face 10 facing the external environment and intended to receive the light energy, and an inner face 11 opposite, facing the frame 1A.
• the glass substrates 20 to 22 form only part of the cover, the remainder may consist of conventional coating means, such as tiles or slates.
• the glass substrates will be integrated so as to be coplanar with the other covering means to establish a substantially planar surface coating.
• the glass substrates 20 to 22 do not have a metal frame so as to avoid thermal bridges.
• the glass substrates are composed of hardened monolithic glass, or laminated glass comprising for example a glass sheet, a spacer made of a polymer material, and another glass sheet or a plastic film. It is also possible to consider insulating glass, except for photovoltaic devices.
• the composition of the glass substrates will in particular be chosen according to the destination of the substrate, as for use for photovoltaic devices (substrates 20), a hot water sensor (substrates 22), and a simple transition cover or hot air sensors (substrates 21).
• the glass substrates are arranged relative to one another by overlapping in the manner of tiles or slates. They are assembled together by fastening means 23, such as hooks illustrated in Figure 2a.
• fastening means 23 such as hooks illustrated in Figure 2a.
• the roof needs an air supply, in particular to ensure the ventilation of the photovoltaic devices.
• the air introduced between the tiles in the overlap area will be directly used.
• the substrates are associated by not shown fastening means other than hooks and have, in their connection, air seals 24.
• fastening means other than hooks and have, in their connection, air seals 24.
• an air intake preferably at the level of the gutter located at the opposite free end of the ridge.
• the glass substrates 20 to 22 advantageously comprise functional layers, such as an antireflection coating to minimize reflection losses and / or maximize the penetration of solar radiation.
• the antireflection coating is preferably arranged on the two opposite faces of the substrates 21.
• a low-emission coating can be provided to prevent thermal losses by reflecting the infrared passed through the substrates, and to confine them under the roof.
• the low-emitting coating being disposed on the face opposite to that facing the external environment can replace an antireflection coating.
• the glass substrates 20 to 22 can be screen printed on the face opposite to that facing the external environment, with a black frame to enhance the aesthetic unity of the entire cover 2, and possibly mask some elements arranged under the lower face 11 of the cover.
• the solar roof 1 comprises at least one photovoltaic device 3 and at least one solar thermal collector 4 capable of delivering hot water.
• the invention provides for placing the hot water sensor (s) 4 in the upper part (1B) of the roof, near the ridge (12), area where the heat is greatest, while the photovoltaic devices 3 are arranged in the lower part 1 C so as to minimize their overheating, otherwise lowering their efficiency.
• the photovoltaic device (s) 3 and the hot water sensor (s) 4 may be adjacent, or preferably, as illustrated in FIG. 3, separated by a 1D transition zone.
• Each solar hot water sensor 4 is arranged closer to the ridge 12, however away from the edges of the roof so as to eliminate losses by thermal conduction if the sensor was in contact with the ridge; a few centimeters are enough for this purpose.
• each photovoltaic device 3 comprises a front structure 30 and a rear structure 31.
• the front structure 30 consists of a glass roofing substrate 20
• the rear structure 31 consists of photovoltaic cells of known type based on deposited semiconductor materials, during manufacture, on a support substrate made of glass or other material. These cells can even be encapsulated in glass.
• the rear structure 31 is then attached in situ against the glass substrate 20.
• the front structure 30 comprises a glass substrate 20 and the thin-film photovoltaic cells, while the rear structure 31 transparent, preferably glass, is reported against the front structure, especially during the installation of the roof.
• the front structure 30 and the rear structure 31 form, in manufacture, a one-piece assembly incorporating the photovoltaic cells.
• a plurality of substrates 20 form the structure 30, while the rear structure 31 is formed of a single surface extending under and associated with the plurality of substrates 20, the photovoltaic cells being integrated between the front and rear structures, preferably integral with the rear structure during manufacture.
• Each solar hot water sensor 4 comprises, as shown in FIG. 4, a front structure 40 constituted by one or more glass substrates 22 for roofing, and a rear structure 41 comprising an absorber 42 and a thermal insulator 43.
• a front structure 40 constituted by one or more glass substrates 22 for roofing
• a rear structure 41 comprising an absorber 42 and a thermal insulator 43.
• the absorber 42 comprises an element in which circulates a heat transfer fluid.
• This element may be made of plastic, such as EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) or PER (High Density Polyethylene Crosslinked), coated with an absorbent layer, preferably black.
• the element is made of copper, welded to an absorbent sheet of solar radiation, itself of copper for example or aluminum, coated with an absorbent layer also black.
• the absorber 42 is arranged at a distance h 2 from the canopy structure 40 so as to create an air gap 44 above the absorber.
• the absorber is carried by the frame suspended or placed.
• the thermal insulation 43 used to limit the heat losses can be arranged against the absorber, on the opposite side to that facing the front structure (not shown). Nevertheless, the thermal insulation 43 is preferably disposed at a distance hi from the absorber 42 as illustrated in FIG. 4, so as to create a space 45 for circulating the flow of air under the absorber so as to double the exchange surface between the hot air and the absorber.
• the absorber must be quite close to the glass structure 40 because the heating of the fluid is obtained above all by heating the absorbent sheet of solar radiation. However, the presence of the air gap 44 of height h 2 makes it possible in a lower sunlight to heat the absorber by heat exchange with the hot air circulating in this zone.
• the height hi is less than or equal to the height h 2
• the size hi + h 2 is between 10 and 100 mm, in particular between 30 and 50 mm.
• each solar hot water sensor 4 In order to, on the one hand, best contain the hot air in zones 44 and 45 to maximize the function of each solar hot water sensor 4 and, on the other hand, to provide effective ventilation around each device photovoltaic 3 to avoid overheating, it is preferable to have flow insulation barriers 46 and 47, visible by transparency in Figure 3, which extend perpendicular to the roof from the inner face 11 of the glass roof 2 and on each lateral side of the sensor 4, from the ridge towards the photovoltaic devices. This arrangement of the barriers ensures an opening on the area 1 C of the photovoltaic devices.
• thermal insulation barriers are fixed to the rafters of the frame and for example made of insulating foam EPDM. They are preferably black in color, identical to that of the other elements of the absorber type 42 for the aesthetics of the roof.
• Figure 5 is a schematic top view of the various elements, or associated with the roof at its rear structure. Are illustrated the barriers 46 and 47 arranged at a distance b, transversely to the slope of the roof, the hot water sensor 4, preferably greater than 5 cm. They preferably extend beyond the sensor 4 of a magnitude c, in the direction of the slope of the roof, of the order of 10 to 50 cm to provide a zone of temperature gradient between the transition zone 1 D and the bottom of the hot water solar collector 4. When a transition zone 1 D is provided, it extends between the end of the insulation barriers 46 and 47 and the photovoltaic devices 3 on a size d minimum rather between 10 and 50 cm.
• the roof of the house with the roof of the invention comprises thermal insulation means which are arranged at the level of the frame at a distance from the roof.
• FIG. 4 illustrates these thermal insulation means 13 which, in known manner, make it possible to isolate the interior of the house from cold and heat from the outside, and to reduce heat losses inside the house. housing.
• the thermal insulation means 13 comprise successively, stacked from the opposite of the roof and in the direction thereof, an insulating mattress 13a based on thermal insulation fibers, of the mineral fiber or vegetable or animal type, or polystyrene base, and a vapor barrier film 13b whose face ensuring waterproofness is facing the roof.
• a film 13c reflecting far infrared radiation is disposed on the vapor barrier film, a film 13c reflecting far infrared radiation.
• This film has the advantage of returning the heat into the space between the thermal insulation means 13 of the roof 1 and contributes to the warming of the air in the zone 45 whose heat is captured by the absorber 42. It will be advantageous to use the Tyvek Reflex® material from Dupont de Nemours, which combines the elements 13b and 13c.
• a porous black material 13d made of EPDM or felt, which would give the entire roof a black color in order to uniformly color the roof by transparency through the glass roof 2.
• This material has the capacity to absorb solar radiation and increases the thermal efficiency of the or each solar hot water sensor 4 in the absence of hot air sensors 6.
• convection means comprising air extractors are advantageously installed near the ridge 12 and under the roof, as shown in FIG. 6.
• FIG. 6 there are provided in particular two lateral extractors 50 and 51 and a central extractor 52 according to the size of the roof.
• the central extractor is arranged in the zone of the hot water solar collector 4, while the lateral extractors 50 and 51 are disposed respectively on either side of the insulating barriers 46 and 47.
• the recovered hot air can also be recycled by supplying heat pump systems or air-water heat exchangers for the production of low temperature hot water for domestic heating, including seasonal storage systems preferably. arranged in the ground.
• the photovoltaic devices 3 of the hot water solar collector (s) 4 may not be too close, providing a transition zone 1D as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
• transition zone may be added hot air heat sensors 6 of known type, visible in Figure 4, which absorb solar radiation and exchange effectively with the surrounding air.
• the transition glass substrates 21 in this zone 1 D constitute the front structures 60 before the hot air heat sensors 6.
• the absorbers 61 of the sensors 6 are arranged at a distance from the lower face 11 of the cover 2 and the thermal insulation means 13, or can be supported directly by the insulation means 13. The same distances hi and h 2 as those related to the absorber 42 of the hot water sensor 4 can be established.
• these absorbers 61 of air sensors are constituted by the black material 13d when it is provided.
• the hot air produced under the roof and entering the zone 1 B is particularly significant, which guarantees a very hot water for the each hot water sensor 4, directly usable for sanitary needs, unlike conventional hot water sensors.
• the presence of the hot air extractors essentially the central extractor 52, ensures by controlled air suction a suitable cooling of the solar hot water sensor 4.
• This regulation by the flow rate of the extractors and according to their zone of location makes it possible to modify the speeds of the air according to the zones of the roof.
• the front structures of photovoltaic devices and hot water solar collectors provide a homogeneous glazing cover 2.
• the mounting of this front structure is easily controllable, since it is simply to cover the roof with glass substrates. This implementation is carried out by the roofer without the necessary intervention of more specialized companies.
• the configuration of the roof and the arrangement of the photovoltaic device (s) and the hot water sensor (s) make it possible to supply electricity and hot or even very hot water for supplying electrical and electrical needs. thermal housing.
• the air extractors form complementary means that are effective in the energy performance of the roof. Their flow will be adapted according to the geographical zone of the house and the climate involving more or less sunshine. The flow rate will affect the speed of the air flow which may furthermore be different depending on the extraction zones. The flow rate regulation will advantageously be obtained by means of automated control means such as a variable speed drive and temperature sensors arranged in the appropriate areas.

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• 2008
  • 2008-12-01 FR FR0858148A patent/FR2939162A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-12-01 KR KR1020117012531A patent/KR20110099233A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2009-12-01 CN CN2009801558563A patent/CN102301494A/zh active Pending
  • 2009-12-01 EP EP09802156A patent/EP2371012A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-12-01 JP JP2011539077A patent/JP2012510604A/ja active Pending
  • 2009-12-01 WO PCT/FR2009/052360 patent/WO2010063944A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2009-12-01 US US13/131,463 patent/US8272177B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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