EP2371012A1

EP2371012A1 - Solar roofing panel

Info

Publication number: EP2371012A1
Application number: EP09802156A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Didier Jousse; Jean-Pierre Douche; Chantal Sergent
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date: 2008-12-01
Filing date: 2009-12-01
Publication date: 2011-10-05
Also published as: CN102301494A; KR20110099233A; US20110232213A1; FR2939162A1; WO2010063944A1; JP2012510604A; US8272177B2

Abstract

This solar roofing panel (1) comprises at least one photovoltaic device (3), having a front structure (30) and a rear structure (31), and at least one solar collector (4) capable of delivering hot water, having a front structure (40) and a rear structure (41). The respective front structures (30, 40) of the photovoltaic device (3) and of the solar collector (4) consist of glass substrates (20, 22) forming cover that has an upper face, intended to face the external environment, and an opposed, inner face (11), the respective rear structures (31, 41) of the photovoltaic device (3) and of the solar collector (4) being placed beneath the cover, facing the inner face (11). The glass substrates (20, 22) have no metal frames and are joined together, possibly being separated by other, transition glass substrates (21) so as to form a uniform unitary glass cover.

Description

SOLAR ROOF

The invention relates to a solar roof comprising devices able to capture solar energy to provide electrical and thermal energy, such as photovoltaic systems generating electricity and solar collectors respectively used for hot water production. .

In recent years, for economic reasons, a certain interest in the use of solar energy has developed to partially meet the consumption needs of electricity and / or hot water, homes or commercial premises.

To provide electricity needs, it is known to have on the roofs photovoltaic modules comprising photovoltaic cells coupled in series to each other and generating a direct current when exposed to light.

A photovoltaic module is generally formed of a photovoltaic panel integrating the photovoltaic cells, and a metal frame surrounding and carrying the panel, this frame also incorporating the cables for electrical distribution. The photovoltaic panel is designed at least on its front face facing the outside environment, with a glass substrate. By way of example, the panel comprises a glass substrate thus constituting its front face, a plastic film or a glass substrate constituting its rear face; between the substrates of front face and rear face are inserted one or more polymeric spacers and a photovoltaic element, formed by a stack of semiconductor materials taken between two metal electrodes. The materials semiconductors are for example based on crystalline silicon or thin layers.

For the specific needs of hot water, especially for sanitary use and possibly floor or wall heating, it is also known to provide the roofs with solar collectors. These sensors are in particular in the form of modules, comprising a transparent cover, such as a glass substrate, and an absorber. The absorber is an element in which circulates a heat transfer fluid, such as simply water to be heated. The transparent cover passes solar radiation to the absorber to heat the circulating fluid, and advantageously confines the infrared radiation, thus minimizing the cooling of the absorber. In addition, to prevent heat loss of the absorber, thermal insulation is arranged at the rear and on the periphery of the module.

However, depending on the sun or certain temperature conditions, such as winter conditions, these solar panels are unable to provide sufficiently hot water. It is therefore necessary to couple the water production to a complementary water heating system using gas or electricity, which ultimately results in production costs which are not always profitable with regard to the purchase cost and installation of these sensors.

Furthermore, other systems using the solar energy resource such as thermal modules providing hot air are known. For this purpose, the US patent application US 2006/0118163 proposes not only to have photovoltaic modules on a roof, but also thermal modules hot air. These hot air thermal modules or sensors comprise substrates that leave pass solar energy, and a space where air is confined to be warmed by said energy. Distribution ducts are connected to these modules to capture the hot air, and ensure the supply of air to be heated in the confinement space.

However, if such thermal modules can be used for the production of hot air, they can not meet the need for hot water production since the air / water exchangers would require a considerable exchange surface and would not allow not reach the temperatures required for domestic hot water, especially sanitary.

It may be envisaged to arrange in combination on the roofs, these photovoltaic modules and solar thermal collectors hot air and / or hot water. However, as currently configured, they lead to a substantial investment for a home. In practice, individuals choose rather efficient insulation of their home, possibly associated with one or other of the thermal and electrical energy supply solutions described above, but rarely accumulate these solutions.

In addition, these photovoltaic modules and solar thermal collectors, although they can be integrated into the roof and reported without projecting from the roof, do not offer an aesthetic unity on the entire roof surface.

The invention therefore aims to provide a solar roof incorporating at least one photovoltaic device and at least one solar thermal sensor for producing hot water, this roof providing the following advantages: - reduced installation costs, the provision of a performance-efficient unit producing, thanks to the solar thermal collector and the exclusive configuration of the roof, without requiring additional independent heating systems, very hot water directly useful to the needs health,

a minimization of thermal losses,

- an aesthetic guarantee.

To this end, the subject of the invention is a solar roof comprising at least one photovoltaic device, comprising a front structure and a rear structure, and at least one solar thermal sensor capable of delivering hot water, called solar water collector. hot, having a front structure and a rear structure, the respective front structures of the photovoltaic device and the hot water solar collector consisting of glass substrates forming a cover which has an upper face, intended to be facing the external environment, and an opposite inner face, the respective rear structures of the photovoltaic device and the hot water solar collector being arranged under the cover, facing the inner face, characterized in that said glass substrates are devoid of metal frames and associated with each other, possibly being separated by other glass substrates, called substrates s, to form a unitary and uniform glass cover.

Thus, this roof combines several energy recovery systems able to produce electricity and hot water.

In addition, the configuration of the front structures of photovoltaic devices and solar collectors, thanks to glass substrates similar in their shape and appearance, provides a coating, or cover, having a unitary surface continuity without appearance difference, at least at the area surrounding the photovoltaic devices and the solar thermal collectors, and preferably over the entire area. area of the roof.

Roofs will no longer present, as is currently the case, disparities in height and appearance in the integration of these energy recovery systems.

In addition, according to the invention, the solar photovoltaic devices and solar hot water solar collectors are devoid of metal frames, which allows a better energy efficiency of the solar roof. Indeed, metal frames surrounding photovoltaic devices and solar collectors constitute stopping points for aeraulic flow within the solar roof, in natural or forced convection. The absence of metal frames significantly reduces thermal bridges and promotes a homogeneous heat exchange within the roof. This results in seamless coupling between photovoltaic devices and solar collectors.

Finally, this cover by glass substrates is simple to put in place, just like any usual cover type tiles or slates. Specialists able to fix the solar collectors have only to take care of mounting the rear structures of said devices and sensors, while separately the roofer realizes the roof covering of the entire roof.

Preferably, the roof has a slope defining a ridge, and comprising an upper part near the ridge, and a part lower opposite, the or each photovoltaic device being arranged in the lower part, while the or each solar hot water sensor is disposed in the upper part.

This division of the location zones of photovoltaic devices and hot water solar collectors makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the assembly.

And to optimize this performance, the roof advantageously comprises, under the inner face of the cover and perpendicular to its surface, two thermal insulation barriers which are arranged laterally and on either side of the or each solar hot water sensor. , for example at a distance of 5 cm, and so as to leave open the zone extending towards the photovoltaic device or devices.

Indeed, the air under the roof is advantageously hot; its heat is notably provided thanks to the solar radiation crossing the glass roof, and to the heating of the photovoltaic devices. The insulation barriers thus allow, by their configuration and their specific arrangement which does not obstruct the air coming from the zone where the photovoltaic devices are located, to confine the hot air around the hot water solar collector, reducing its thermal losses and thus guaranteeing very hot water.

Preferably, the barriers extend beyond the hot water solar collector, in particular to a distance of between 10 and 50 cm. This zone at the front of the solar hot water collector ensures a temperature gradient between the air entering this zone and the edge of the sensor. otherwise avoiding a turbulence regime that would result in the cooling of the air in this area.

Advantageously, the roof comprises means for forced convection of airflow circulating under the roof. These means, including in particular one or more air extractors, are able to regulate the flow of air flowing under the roof to guarantee, on the one hand, a ventilation of the photovoltaic devices, avoiding their too much heating, and, d on the other hand, a forced supply of hot flow to the or each hot water solar collector. The extractors have a selectively adjustable flow rate depending on their zone of location and / or according to the climatic conditions. The regulation is in particular obtained from the speed of rotation of the motors of the extractors, this speed of rotation being able to be controlled automatically by a variable speed drive.

In particular, three air extractors will be arranged under the roof. They will preferably respectively be arranged, when two thermal insulation barriers are provided near the hot water solar collector, in the zone of the hot water sensor, called the central zone, and in the two adjacent zones on either side. said barriers.

In this case, it will be advantageous to establish extraction rates such as the velocity v ₂ of the air in the central zone of the solar hot water collector, and the velocity Vi in each of the adjacent zones have different values with a ratio v ₂ / vi adaptable according to the climatic conditions, the season, or the time of the day.

At the beginning of the day or in a cold climate, a low air speed under the photovoltaic devices of the order of 0.1 m / s is enough to keep them at a low temperature, and the system will be configured to direct the calories to the area of the hot water solar collector. In particular, the following values will be considered: Vi is between 0 and 0.1 m / s, and V ₂ is between 0.1 and 0.3 m / s.

At noon or in the summer period, it is necessary to establish a speed under the photovoltaic devices greater than 0.3 m / s, and this thanks to a speed vi> 0.3 m / s, the speed v ₂ being adjusted to manage the temperature in the hot water solar collector. If this is less than 80 ⁰ C, we can apply a speed V ₂ less than or equal to Vi. But when this temperature exceeds 80 ⁰ C, a speed v ₂ greater than Vi will be applied to ventilate the hot water absorber and avoid overheating that could otherwise cause damage to the device.

These different situations will be managed by a control automaton, by placing temperature sensors at the appropriate places.

As expressed above, the photovoltaic device can be separated from the solar hot water sensor by a transition zone, the roof having in this zone glass substrates, called transition substrates.

A particularly troublesome disadvantage for existing photovoltaic devices is the rise in temperature which greatly degrades their efficiency. The transition zone is advantageous for allowing a ventilation effect of the photovoltaic device or devices which thus do not undergo overheating because, if not of too close proximity to the hot water solar collector (s).

This transition zone has the function of ensuring that the speed of the air under the photovoltaic devices or modules remains uniform even when the speeds Vi and V ₂ will be very different. It has a minimum dimension that is between 10 and 50 cm, depending on the configuration of the roof: slope, thickness of the air space under the roof, mounting system. It will be preferable to take higher values and enlarge the area so as to obtain a better decoupling of the velocities between Vi and v ₂ , on the one hand, and the speed of the air under the photovoltaic devices, on the other hand go. In practice, the size of this zone may correspond to the portion of the roof that is not covered by the substrates of photovoltaic devices and solar hot water collectors.

When the roof has a forced convection of air flow, this transition zone is advantageously used to include complementary energy recovery systems that are thermal air heat sensors capable of generating hot air. These hot air sensors comprise a front structure constituted by the transition glass substrates, and a rear structure under the cover comprising a reflective element of the light energy.

Advantageously, the photovoltaic device (s), the hot water solar collector (s) and the hot air thermal collector (s) are each respectively distributed on one third of the roof.

According to another characteristic, the rear structure of the or each photovoltaic device comprises at least one support substrate associated with the front structure, photovoltaic cells being arranged between the front structure and the support substrate or substrates of the rear structure. According to yet another characteristic, the rear structure of the or each hot water solar collector comprises an absorber arranged at a distance h ₂ from the front structure of said sensor, as well as a thermal insulator disposed under the absorber, in contrast of the cover and contiguous to the absorber or at a distance hi from the absorber such that hi is less than h ₂ , hi and h ₂ being preferably such that the size hi + h ₂ is between 10 and 100 mm, in particular between 30 and 50 mm.

The glass substrates of the or each photovoltaic device and the or each hot water solar collector, and the transition glass substrates, are formed of hardened monolithic glass or laminated glass. They can alternatively be double glazed, except for photovoltaic devices.

The glass substrates of the or each photovoltaic device and the or each hot water solar collector, and the transition glass substrates, are fixed together by fastening means, such as hooks.

The glass substrates of the or each photovoltaic device and / or the or each hot water solar collector, and optionally the transition glass substrates, comprise functional coatings of anti-reflective type, and / or low-emissive.

The roof is arranged on a frame to which are associated the rear structure of the hot water solar collector, and optionally the rear structure of hot air thermal collectors whose front structure consists of transition substrates. The frame advantageously comprises thermal insulation means, which comprise a film capable of reflecting heat and arranged opposite the inner face of the cover. This heat reflecting film may be the heat insulator of the absorber of the hot water and hot air sensors.

The present invention is now described with the aid of purely illustrative and in no way limiting examples of the scope of the invention, and from the attached illustrations, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a roof according to the invention associated with a frame;

- Figures 2a and 2b are partial sectional views of Figure 1 according to two embodiments of assembly of the cover of the roof; - Figure 3 is a schematic top view of the roof of Figure 1;

- Figure 4 is a side view and in section along the axis C-C of Figure 3;

- Figure 5 illustrates a sectional view and from above of Figure 1; - Figure 6 is a partial elevational view with a section along the axis B-B of Figure 3.

Figure 1 illustrates a solar roof 1 according to the invention mounted on the frame 1A of a dwelling not shown. The frame is understood by all the means of support and help in fixing the roof. The roof 1 preferably has a slope, like most roofs, defining a ridge 12.

The roof 1 comprises a cover 2 formed by the combination of a plurality of glass substrates 20, 21 and 22 planes, giving an appearance of unitary surface and continuous. The cover 2 has an upper face 10 facing the external environment and intended to receive the light energy, and an inner face 11 opposite, facing the frame 1A.

Alternatively, the glass substrates 20 to 22 form only part of the cover, the remainder may consist of conventional coating means, such as tiles or slates. The glass substrates, however, will be integrated so as to be coplanar with the other covering means to establish a substantially planar surface coating.

The glass substrates 20 to 22 do not have a metal frame so as to avoid thermal bridges.

The glass substrates are composed of hardened monolithic glass, or laminated glass comprising for example a glass sheet, a spacer made of a polymer material, and another glass sheet or a plastic film. It is also possible to consider insulating glass, except for photovoltaic devices. The composition of the glass substrates will in particular be chosen according to the destination of the substrate, as for use for photovoltaic devices (substrates 20), a hot water sensor (substrates 22), and a simple transition cover or hot air sensors (substrates 21).

Referring to Figure 2a, in a preferred configuration, the glass substrates are arranged relative to one another by overlapping in the manner of tiles or slates. They are assembled together by fastening means 23, such as hooks illustrated in Figure 2a. We By way of example, mention can be made of the method of fixing the photovoltaic roof tiles marketed by SOLARWOOD.

According to the invention, the roof needs an air supply, in particular to ensure the ventilation of the photovoltaic devices. When such an assembly of substrates is not tight, the air introduced between the tiles in the overlap area will be directly used.

In the variant of FIG. 2b, the substrates are associated by not shown fastening means other than hooks and have, in their connection, air seals 24. In order to provide an air supply it will be necessary to provide an air intake, preferably at the level of the gutter located at the opposite free end of the ridge.

It is also possible to envisage a combination of distinct modes of attachment, and to associate the substrates without or with sealing. In all cases, it is necessary to provide one or more air inlets from the outside, between the substrates when there is no watertightness, and / or at the level of one or more outlets. specific air preferably arranged in the lower part of the roof.

The glass substrates 20 to 22 advantageously comprise functional layers, such as an antireflection coating to minimize reflection losses and / or maximize the penetration of solar radiation. For an application relating to the hot air sensor, the antireflection coating is preferably arranged on the two opposite faces of the substrates 21. Similarly, a low-emission coating can be provided to prevent thermal losses by reflecting the infrared passed through the substrates, and to confine them under the roof. The low-emitting coating being disposed on the face opposite to that facing the external environment can replace an antireflection coating.

Finally, the glass substrates 20 to 22 can be screen printed on the face opposite to that facing the external environment, with a black frame to enhance the aesthetic unity of the entire cover 2, and possibly mask some elements arranged under the lower face 11 of the cover.

As schematized in FIG. 3 by hatched areas, the solar roof 1 comprises at least one photovoltaic device 3 and at least one solar thermal collector 4 capable of delivering hot water.

Advantageously, when the roof has a slope, the invention provides for placing the hot water sensor (s) 4 in the upper part (1B) of the roof, near the ridge (12), area where the heat is greatest, while the photovoltaic devices 3 are arranged in the lower part 1 C so as to minimize their overheating, otherwise lowering their efficiency.

The photovoltaic device (s) 3 and the hot water sensor (s) 4 may be adjacent, or preferably, as illustrated in FIG. 3, separated by a 1D transition zone.

Each solar hot water sensor 4 is arranged closer to the ridge 12, however away from the edges of the roof so as to eliminate losses by thermal conduction if the sensor was in contact with the ridge; a few centimeters are enough for this purpose.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, each photovoltaic device 3 comprises a front structure 30 and a rear structure 31.

Depending on the method of manufacture of the photovoltaic device, several configurations can be envisaged.

Thus, the front structure 30 consists of a glass roofing substrate 20, whereas the rear structure 31 consists of photovoltaic cells of known type based on deposited semiconductor materials, during manufacture, on a support substrate made of glass or other material. These cells can even be encapsulated in glass. The rear structure 31 is then attached in situ against the glass substrate 20.

Alternatively, the front structure 30 comprises a glass substrate 20 and the thin-film photovoltaic cells, while the rear structure 31 transparent, preferably glass, is reported against the front structure, especially during the installation of the roof.

In another variant, the front structure 30 and the rear structure 31 form, in manufacture, a one-piece assembly incorporating the photovoltaic cells.

It is also conceivable that a plurality of substrates 20 form the structure 30, while the rear structure 31 is formed of a single surface extending under and associated with the plurality of substrates 20, the photovoltaic cells being integrated between the front and rear structures, preferably integral with the rear structure during manufacture.

Each solar hot water sensor 4 comprises, as shown in FIG. 4, a front structure 40 constituted by one or more glass substrates 22 for roofing, and a rear structure 41 comprising an absorber 42 and a thermal insulator 43. We will speak of several hot water solar collectors if multiple absorbers are used.

The absorber 42 comprises an element in which circulates a heat transfer fluid. This element may be made of plastic, such as EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) or PER (High Density Polyethylene Crosslinked), coated with an absorbent layer, preferably black. Alternatively, the element is made of copper, welded to an absorbent sheet of solar radiation, itself of copper for example or aluminum, coated with an absorbent layer also black.

The absorber 42 is arranged at a distance h ₂ from the canopy structure 40 so as to create an air gap 44 above the absorber.

The absorber is carried by the frame suspended or placed.

The thermal insulation 43 used to limit the heat losses can be arranged against the absorber, on the opposite side to that facing the front structure (not shown). Nevertheless, the thermal insulation 43 is preferably disposed at a distance hi from the absorber 42 as illustrated in FIG. 4, so as to create a space 45 for circulating the flow of air under the absorber so as to double the exchange surface between the hot air and the absorber. The absorber must be quite close to the glass structure 40 because the heating of the fluid is obtained above all by heating the absorbent sheet of solar radiation. However, the presence of the air gap 44 of height h ₂ makes it possible in a lower sunlight to heat the absorber by heat exchange with the hot air circulating in this zone.

The presence of the space 45 below the absorber makes it possible, thanks to a circulation of hot air, to heat the absorber, also at its lower face. Preferably, the height hi is less than or equal to the height h ₂ , and the size hi + h ₂ is between 10 and 100 mm, in particular between 30 and 50 mm.

In order to, on the one hand, best contain the hot air in zones 44 and 45 to maximize the function of each solar hot water sensor 4 and, on the other hand, to provide effective ventilation around each device photovoltaic 3 to avoid overheating, it is preferable to have flow insulation barriers 46 and 47, visible by transparency in Figure 3, which extend perpendicular to the roof from the inner face 11 of the glass roof 2 and on each lateral side of the sensor 4, from the ridge towards the photovoltaic devices. This arrangement of the barriers ensures an opening on the area 1 C of the photovoltaic devices.

These thermal insulation barriers are fixed to the rafters of the frame and for example made of insulating foam EPDM. They are preferably black in color, identical to that of the other elements of the absorber type 42 for the aesthetics of the roof. Figure 5 is a schematic top view of the various elements, or associated with the roof at its rear structure. Are illustrated the barriers 46 and 47 arranged at a distance b, transversely to the slope of the roof, the hot water sensor 4, preferably greater than 5 cm. They preferably extend beyond the sensor 4 of a magnitude c, in the direction of the slope of the roof, of the order of 10 to 50 cm to provide a zone of temperature gradient between the transition zone 1 D and the bottom of the hot water solar collector 4. When a transition zone 1 D is provided, it extends between the end of the insulation barriers 46 and 47 and the photovoltaic devices 3 on a size d minimum rather between 10 and 50 cm.

Of course, the roof of the house with the roof of the invention comprises thermal insulation means which are arranged at the level of the frame at a distance from the roof. FIG. 4 illustrates these thermal insulation means 13 which, in known manner, make it possible to isolate the interior of the house from cold and heat from the outside, and to reduce heat losses inside the house. housing.

The thermal insulation means 13 comprise successively, stacked from the opposite of the roof and in the direction thereof, an insulating mattress 13a based on thermal insulation fibers, of the mineral fiber or vegetable or animal type, or polystyrene base, and a vapor barrier film 13b whose face ensuring waterproofness is facing the roof.

According to the invention is disposed on the vapor barrier film, a film 13c reflecting far infrared radiation. This film has the advantage of returning the heat into the space between the thermal insulation means 13 of the roof 1 and contributes to the warming of the air in the zone 45 whose heat is captured by the absorber 42. It will be advantageous to use the Tyvek Reflex® material from Dupont de Nemours, which combines the elements 13b and 13c.

It is also possible to have, over or instead of the reflective film 13c, a porous black material 13d made of EPDM or felt, which would give the entire roof a black color in order to uniformly color the roof by transparency through the glass roof 2. This material has the capacity to absorb solar radiation and increases the thermal efficiency of the or each solar hot water sensor 4 in the absence of hot air sensors 6.

It is important not to overheat the space surrounding the photovoltaic devices 3 to not lower their performance. It is thus realized according to the invention a forced convection of air flow to ensure efficient ventilation of the devices.

For this purpose, convection means comprising air extractors are advantageously installed near the ridge 12 and under the roof, as shown in FIG. 6.

Referring to Figure 6, there are provided in particular two lateral extractors 50 and 51 and a central extractor 52 according to the size of the roof. The central extractor is arranged in the zone of the hot water solar collector 4, while the lateral extractors 50 and 51 are disposed respectively on either side of the insulating barriers 46 and 47.

This ideally allows the extraction of hot air under the roof, and the arrival of cold air from the outside, especially at the junction zone not sealed between the glass substrates, provide ventilation around photovoltaic devices. In addition, the recovered hot air can also be recycled by supplying heat pump systems or air-water heat exchangers for the production of low temperature hot water for domestic heating, including seasonal storage systems preferably. arranged in the ground.

As already stated above, the photovoltaic devices 3 of the hot water solar collector (s) 4 may not be too close, providing a transition zone 1D as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.

At this transition zone may be added hot air heat sensors 6 of known type, visible in Figure 4, which absorb solar radiation and exchange effectively with the surrounding air. The transition glass substrates 21 in this zone 1 D constitute the front structures 60 before the hot air heat sensors 6.

The absorbers 61 of the sensors 6 are arranged at a distance from the lower face 11 of the cover 2 and the thermal insulation means 13, or can be supported directly by the insulation means 13. The same distances hi and h ₂ as those related to the absorber 42 of the hot water sensor 4 can be established.

Alternatively, these absorbers 61 of air sensors are constituted by the black material 13d when it is provided.

The hot air produced under the roof and entering the zone 1 B is particularly significant, which guarantees a very hot water for the each hot water sensor 4, directly usable for sanitary needs, unlike conventional hot water sensors.

Furthermore, if the water is too hot, the presence of the hot air extractors, essentially the central extractor 52, ensures by controlled air suction a suitable cooling of the solar hot water sensor 4. This regulation by the flow rate of the extractors and according to their zone of location makes it possible to modify the speeds of the air according to the zones of the roof.

Thus, according to the invention, the front structures of photovoltaic devices and hot water solar collectors provide a homogeneous glazing cover 2. The mounting of this front structure is easily controllable, since it is simply to cover the roof with glass substrates. This implementation is carried out by the roofer without the necessary intervention of more specialized companies.

In addition, the configuration of the roof and the arrangement of the photovoltaic device (s) and the hot water sensor (s) make it possible to supply electricity and hot or even very hot water for supplying electrical and electrical needs. thermal housing.

Finally, the air extractors form complementary means that are effective in the energy performance of the roof. Their flow will be adapted according to the geographical zone of the house and the climate involving more or less sunshine. The flow rate will affect the speed of the air flow which may furthermore be different depending on the extraction zones. The flow rate regulation will advantageously be obtained by means of automated control means such as a variable speed drive and temperature sensors arranged in the appropriate areas.

Claims

Solar roof (1) comprising at least one photovoltaic device (3), comprising a front structure (30) and a rear structure (31), and at least one solar hot water sensor (4), comprising a front structure ( 40) and a rear structure (41), the respective front structures (30, 40) of the photovoltaic device (3) and the hot water solar collector (4) consisting of respective glass substrates (20, 22) forming a cover ( 2) which has an upper face (10) intended to be facing the external environment, and an opposite inner face (11), the respective rear structures (31, 41) of the photovoltaic device (3) and the solar collector with hot water (4) being arranged under the cover (2), facing the inner face (11), characterized in that said glass substrates (20, 22) are devoid of metal frames and associated with each other, directly or in combination with each other. being separated by other worm substrates so-called transitions, so as to form a unitary and uniform glass cover (2).

2. Roofing according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a slope defining a ridge (12), and comprising an upper portion (1 B) near the ridge, and a lower portion (1 C) opposite, the or each photovoltaic device (3) being arranged in the lower part, while the or each hot water solar collector (4) is arranged in the upper part.

3. Roof according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises, under the inner face (11) of the cover (2) and perpendicular to its surface, two thermal insulation barriers (46, 47) which are arranged laterally and on both sides of the hot water solar collector (4), and so as to leave open the area extending towards the photovoltaic device (3).

4. Roofing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for forced convection of air flow flowing under the roof, including extractors whose flow is selectively adjustable according to their area of location and / or according to the climatic conditions.

Roofing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic device (3) is separated from the hot water solar collector (4) at a transition zone.

(1 D) comprising hot air thermal sensors (6) capable of generating hot air and whose front structure (60) is constituted by said transition glass substrates (21).

6. Roofing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear structure (31) of the photovoltaic device comprises at least one support substrate associated with the front structure (30), photovoltaic cells being arranged between the front structure and the substrate or substrates for supporting the rear structure.

Roofing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear structure (41) of the solar hot water sensor (4) comprises an absorber (42) arranged at a distance h ₂ from the front structure (40). said sensor and a thermal insulator (43) arranged under the absorber, opposite the cover (2) and contiguously or at a distance hi of the absorber, hi and h ₂ being such that the magnitude hi + h ₂ is between 10 and 100 mm, in particular between 30 and 50 mm.

8. Roofing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic device or devices (3), the or the hot water solar collectors (4) and one or more hot air heat sensors (6) are respectively distributed on one third of the roof.

9. Roofing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass substrates (20, 22) and the transition glass substrates (21) are formed of hardened monolithic glass or laminated glass, or double glazing except for the photovoltaic device or devices.

10. Roofing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass substrates (20, 22) and the transition glass substrates (21) are fixed together by fastening means (23), such as hooks. .

11. Roofing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass substrates (20, 22), and optionally the transition glass substrates (21), comprise functional coatings of anti-reflective type, and / or low-emissive .

12. Roofing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged on a frame (1A) to which are associated the rear structure (41) of the solar hot water sensor (4), and optionally the structure rear (61) of hot air heat sensors (6) whose front structure (60) consists of the transition substrates (21).

13. Roof according to claim 12, characterized in that the frame (1A) comprises thermal insulation means (13), which comprise a heat-reflecting film (13c) arranged opposite the inner face (11). cover (2), which is capable of constituting a thermal insulation for the absorbers of the or each solar hot water sensor (4) and hot air thermal sensor (6).