Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
  • F01D11/005—Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
  • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
  • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
  • F01D25/246—Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D9/00—Stators
  • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
  • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
  • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
  • F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2240/00—Components
  • F05D2240/10—Stators
  • F05D2240/11—Shroud seal segments
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2250/00—Geometry
  • F05D2250/70—Shape
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2260/00—Function
  • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of turbomachine turbines, and more particularly those found in gas turbines.
• the present invention more specifically relates to a turbomachine comprising a member for positioning a ring segment for a turbine wheel rotatably mounted about an axis in a housing.
• turbomachine turbine wheels such as helicopter gas turbine high pressure turbines
• This ring forms an outer shell for the turbine stage.
• the flue gases exiting the combustion chamber flow between the hub of the turbine wheel and the ring so as to drive the turbine wheel in rotation.
• the ring is constituted by a plurality of ring segments, also called ring sectors, arranged contiguously next to each other.
• ring segments are generally not fixed integrally to the casing of the turbomachine because they are likely to expand axially and radially due to the large heat carried by the flue gases. In fact, the ring segments are held in the housing by one or more positioning members.
• this cooling fluid can for example be taken from the compressed air that is generated by the compressor of the turbomachine .
• US Pat. No. 5,988,975 proposes a solution which consists in producing a radial seal thanks to a ring which keeps the ring segments in radial abutment against the casing.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a turbomachine comprising an alternating positioning member for sealing between a gas stream and the cooling circuit.
• the invention achieves its goal by the fact that the positioning member has:
• a bearing portion connected to the elastic portion and intended to abut axially against the ring segment, so that, when said member is mounted, the ring segment is axially pressed against a portion of the housing by the positioning member.
• axial and radial are considered with reference to the axis and a radius of the turbine wheel, while the term “downstream” is referred to in the sense of flue gas flow in the turbine.
• each ring segment is held axially against a portion normal to the axis of rotation (downstream or upstream) of the casing, thanks to the axial force exerted by the bearing portion of the positioning member, it follows that the seal is made between the cooling fluid circuit and the gas stream.
• the positioning member being fixed to the housing by the fixing portion, the axial force generated by the elastic portion is transmitted to the bearing portion and the ring segment.
• the support portion pushes the ring segment against the part of the housing, as a result of which it is pressed against said housing part.
• the bearing portion pushes the ring segment against the downstream portion of the housing.
• the fixing portion also bears against the ring segment.
• the elastic portion is disposed between the attachment portion and the bearing portion.
• the portion of the housing against which the ring segment is plated is normal to the axis of rotation of the turbine wheel.
• the positioning member according to the invention comprises at least a first arm carrying the fixing portion.
• this first arm is intended to extend preferably axially.
• the attachment portion is in the form of a tab extending orthogonally with respect to a plane in which the first arm extends.
• the tab when the positioning member is mounted, the tab extends radially. It is especially intended to be clamped between two constituent parts of the housing.
• the fixing portion comprises a bore whose axis extends orthogonally with respect to a plane in which the first arm extends.
• the attachment to the housing is carried out for example but not exclusively by means of a screw-nut system, so that the first arm of the positioning member is locked axially relative to the housing.
• the elastic portion consists of a corrugated tongue, this tongue being for example a thin metal plate, for example a flexible sheet, having several successive folds.
• this tongue being for example a thin metal plate, for example a flexible sheet, having several successive folds.
• other types of elastic portion could be conceived.
• the corrugation is preferably arranged between the fixing portion and the bearing portion.
• the positioning member is in the form of a tongue whose first end, constituting the fixing portion, has an orthogonal tab, whose second end, constituting the bearing portion, is curved, and whose middle portion disposed between the first and second end is corrugated so as to constitute the elastic portion.
• the positioning member comprises at least one first arm carrying the fixing portion, and at least one second arm comprising the elastic portion, the latter being preferably formed by a corrugation.
• the first and second arms are parallel and extend from a plate, the attachment portion is located at one end of the first arm opposite the plate, while the support portion is located at the end of the second arm opposite the platen.
• the positioning member further comprises a third arm similar to the second arm which extends from the plate, the arms being arranged so that the first arm extends between the second and third arms.
• the positioning member has the shape of an "E", where the three branches are constituted by the first, second and third arm. More specifically, these three arms extend axially when the positioning member is mounted with the ring segment.
• each of the ring segments is held in an azimuthal direction between the first arm of a first positioning member located at one end of the segment and the first arm of a second positioning member located at the end of the segment. other end of the segment.
• the first arm furthermore preferably comprises a second elastic portion disposed between the plate and the fixing portion, whereby the elasticity of the positioning member is further improved.
• the first arm forms a wafer for covering a gap junction defined between two contiguous ring segments, in which case one of the ends of the wafer preferably carries the tab mentioned above. to allow the fixing of the positioning member to the casing
• the plate improves the seal by covering the gap that may exist between the two ends of two contiguous segments.
• the elastic portion is constituted by a pair of "V" shaped arms extending from a plate.
• the elastic portion is constituted by the pair of elastic arms which is able to return to its original shape after deformation.
• the support portion is advantageously constituted by the ends of said arms, which are intended to bear axially against the ring segment so as to press the latter against the part (downstream or upstream) of the housing which is normal to the axis of rotation.
• the present invention therefore relates to a turbomachine, for example but not necessarily for a helicopter, comprising a housing, a turbine wheel rotatably mounted about an axis in said housing, a ring concentric with the turbine wheel, said ring being composed of at least a first and a second ring segment, said turbomachine further comprising at least the positioning member described above, the latter being fixed to the casing while exerting an axial thrust on at least one of the segments of rings so as to axially press against a portion of the housing.
• the positioning member has an attachment portion for attachment to the housing, which fastening portion is located near said portion of the housing to overcome the axial expansion of the ring segments.
• said portion is a downstream portion of the housing.
• the positioning member comprises a first arm fixed to the casing, a second elastic arm exerting an axial thrust on the first ring segment and a third elastic arm exerting an axial thrust on the second ring segment, so as to flatten the ring segments axially against a part crankcase.
• the first and second ring segments are contiguous.
• the turbomachine according to the invention further comprises at least one wafer covering the junction between the first and second contiguous ring segments, the wafer being held radially against the segments by the positioning member.
• the positioning member comprises an elastic portion constituted by a tongue having a corrugation, the latter coming into radial abutment against the plate to hold it radially against the contiguous ends of the first and second ring segments.
• the corrugation has a radial flexibility to absorb the vibrations of the wafer. Moreover, this radial flexibility makes it possible to hold the wafer radially against the ends of the segments regardless of the differential pressure existing between the vein and the cavities internal to the casing.
• the positioning member absorbs the vibrations of the segments.
• the positioning member can also, thanks to the corrugated portions, bear radially on the one hand the ring sector or the sealing tongue, and secondly on the housing part or ring support.
• the contact on these two parts makes it possible to reduce or even cancel the clearance and radial clearance of the ring sectors, thus ensuring controlled radial positioning of the sectors: this is particularly advantageous as regards the control of the turbine games, and therefore of the performances of it.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the positioning member of the turbomachine according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a turbine ring, showing two ring segments held together by a positioning member of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a partial axial sectional view of a turbine engine showing the positioning member of Figure 1 when mounted;
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the positioning member according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 is a partial axial sectional view of a turbomachine in which is mounted the positioning member of Figure 4;
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the positioning member of the turbomachine according to the invention.
• - Figure 7 is a partial axial sectional view of a turbomachine in which is mounted the positioning member of Figure 6;
• FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the positioning member of the turbomachine according to the invention.
• FIG. 9 is a view in partial axial section of a turbomachine in which the positioning member of FIG. 8 is mounted.
• a positioning member 10 is intended to position a ring segment for a turbine with respect to a casing of the turbomachine in which the turbine is rotatably mounted.
• the positioning member 10 has the general shape of the letter "E". Indeed, it comprises a plate 12 from which orthogonally extend a first central arm 14 and second and third arms bearing the references 16 and 18, so that said arms constitute the three branches of the "E". The arms are therefore substantially parallel to each other. Furthermore, the positioning member 10 has a thin thickness relative to its other dimensions. More specifically, each of the arms is in the form of a corrugated tongue.
• the positioning member 10 has an attachment portion 20 which, in this embodiment, is constituted by a bore 22 formed at the free end 14a of the first arm 14, that is to say say at the opposite end to the plate 12. Similarly, the free ends of the second and third arms 16, 18 are referenced 16a and 18a.
• This fixing portion 20 is intended to be fixed to the housing
• Each of the first, second and third arms 14, 16 and 18 further comprises an elastic portion 24, 26 and 28 forming a spring.
• Each of these elastic portions 24,26 and 28 is in the form of a wave.
• each of the arms 14, 16 and 18 has a succession of folds so as to form the corrugation, it being specified that the folding axes are transverse to said arms.
• corrugations 24, 26, 28 may be deformed in the longitudinal direction of the arms 14,16 and 18 but then tend to resume their original forms.
• These corrugations 26, 28 of the second and third arms constitute compression springs in that if one tends to bring the free ends of the plate closer together, the undulations thus deformed generate an opposite force, called compression. On the contrary, the corrugation 24 constitutes a tension spring. An interest of this effect will be explained below.
• the positioning member 10 comprises two support portions 30, 32 constituted by the free ends 16 a, 18 a of the second and third arms 16, 18. As seen in Figure 1, the free ends 16a, 18a are bent to form a kind of hook.
• the length of the second and third arms 16, 18 is slightly greater than that of the first arm 14.
• the assembly of the positioning member 10 will now be explained.
• the ring of a turbine consists of a plurality of ring segments adjacently arranged side by side.
• Figure 2 shows first and second ring segments 50, 50 'end-to-end with their respective ends 50a and 50'a.
• the geometry of the ring is such that it comprises an axial direction, a radial direction and an azimuthal direction, these three directions being orthogonal to each other.
• the ring is, as already mentioned, intended to encircle the turbine wheel of the turbomachine.
• a first interest of the positioning member 10 is to maintain the ends 50a, 50a to prevent rotation of the ring segments 50, 50 * around the axis of the turbine wheel.
• each of the ring segments 50, 50 ' carries a rib 52, 52' extending in a transverse direction of the ring segment while projecting radially, so that when the positioning member 10 is mounted, the plate 12 extends in the azimuthal direction of the ring segments 50, 50 ', while the first and second arms 14, 16 flank the rib 52 "of one of the ring segments 50" , while the first and third arms 14, 18 of the member 10 flank the rib 52 of the other ring segment 50.
• each segment 50, 50 ' is held at its two azimuthal ends by two members 10.
• FIG. 3 details the mounting of the ring segments 50, 50 * and the positioning member in the casing 62 of the turbomachine 60.
• the ring segments 50, 50 ' are arranged around the high-pressure turbine wheel so as to cover the blades 64 of said turbine.
• the arrows F indicate the direction of flow of the flue gases leaving a combustion chamber disposed upstream of the high pressure turbine.
• the axial ends 50b, 50c of the ring segment 50 have axial swellings 66, 68 intended to cooperate with projections carried by upstream portions 62a and downstream portions 62b of the casing 62. so that the ring segment 50 is held radially in the housing 62. However, the ring segments 50 are mounted in the housing 62 with slight axial play.
• Orifices 70 are formed in the housing 62 to allow the supply of this cooling fluid in contact with the ring segments to cool them.
• the positioning member 10 is fixed to the casing 62 by means of the fixing portion 20, for example using a screw-nut or pin-type locking member 72.
• the positioning member 10 When the positioning member 10 is in the mounted position, its arms 14, 16, 18 extend in the axial direction of the turbine wheel, while the plate 12 is housed between the upstream bulge 66 of the ring segment and the housing 62.
• the point of attachment of the positioning member 10, that is to say here the nut 72 is arranged relative to the downstream projection 62b of the housing 62 so that the corrugations 24, 26, 28 of the member 10 are continuously compressed axially in their longitudinal direction, whereby the free ends 16a and 18a of the second and third arms 16, 18 exert on the peripheral edges 51, 51 'ring segments 50, 50 ', an axial thrust directed downstream.
• the ring segments 50, 50 * are pressed axially against a downstream portion of the housing which is constituted here by the above-mentioned downstream projection 62b.
• the contact between the ring segments 50, 50 'and the downstream part of the casing 62b, which takes place along a contact zone with the reference C, makes it possible to seal between the annular passage P and a downstream duct V, whereby the cooling fluid circulating in the annular passage can not flow into this downstream vein V.
• Another advantage is that the cooling fluid circulating in the annular passage also cools the corrugations 30, 32 which can be made to heat up. This makes it possible to control the service life of the corrugations, by optimizing their operating temperature.
• the positioning member 10, and more precisely the corrugation 24 of the first arm 14, makes it possible to hold a plate 54 radially against the contiguous ends of the first and second ring segments 50, 50 '.
• This wafer 54 covers the junction 56 defined between the ends 50a and 50'a of the two ring segments so as to improve the seal between the annular passage and the vein in which the blades 64 of the turbine wheel move.
• the positioning member 10 is that it axially pushes the ring segment at each of its azimuthal ends, which improves the contact between the ring segment 50 and the downstream portion 62b of the casing 62, and therefore the seal.
• the support positioning at the ends of the segments 50, 50 ' also makes it possible to reduce the risk of jamming of the segments in the grooves of the casing 62.
• FIGS. 4 and 5 a second embodiment of the invention will now be described.
• a positioning member 110 according to the present invention.
• the positioning member 110 is in the form of a single arm 114 constituted by a tongue.
• the arm or tab 114 has a resilient portion 124 forming a compression spring, this elastic portion being constituted by a corrugation, the latter being made by folding the tab 114 several times.
• the member 110 has an attachment portion 120 constituted by a tab extending orthogonally with respect to a plane in which the first arm 114 extends.
• This tab 120 will be made for example by folding the tongue 114.
• the member 110 has a plate 112 disposed between the tab 120 and the corrugation 124.
• the tongue 114 has a bearing portion 130 formed by the end of the tab opposite the tab 120, which end is bent.
• FIG. 5 shows the mounting of the positioning member 110 in the turbomachine 60.
• the positioning member 110 is fixed to the casing 110 by the lug 120. To do this, the latter is radially housed between the ring segment 50 and the casing 62.
• the tongue 114 extends axially so that the free end 130 of the latter bears against the edge 51 of the ring segment 50. Moreover, the length of the tongue 114 is chosen so that when the The ring is positioned axially against the downstream portion 62b of the housing, the corrugation 124 of the member 110 is compressed axially. It follows that the end 130 of the tongue exerts an axial thrust against the peripheral edge 51 of the ring segment 50, following which the latter is axially pressed against the downstream portion 62b of the housing 62, in the species according to contact zone C.
• the positioning member 110 advantageously maintains the ring segment 50 in axial contact with the downstream part 62b of the casing 62.
• the corrugation 124 of the member 110 makes it possible to hold the plate 54 radially against the ends of the ring segments.
• the positioning member 210 has the general shape of an "E". As such, it comprises a first central arm 214 forming a non-corrugated straight plate intended to cover the junction between the two ends of the segments. ring. In other words, this positioning member advantageously allows to dispense with a wafer such as that described above since the first arm 214 fulfills precisely the role of said wafer.
• a plate 212 carrying a fixing portion 220 constituted by a tab similar to that of the second embodiment.
• Platen 212 extends second and third arms 216, 218 similar to those of the first embodiment. That is to say, they respectively carry a first elastic portion 226 and a second elastic portion 228 which form corrugations.
• FIG. 7 shows the positioning member 200 when it is mounted in the casing 60.
• the tab 220 bears axially on the upstream portion 62a of the casing 62, while the free ends 216a and 218b of the second and third arms come into bearing against the peripheral edge 51 of the ring segment 50 so as to axially press against the downstream edge 62b of the housing 62a.
• the length of the second and third arms 216, 218 is slightly greater than the distance between the upstream portion 62a of the housing and the edge 51 so that the corrugations 226 and 228 are in compression.
• this compression of the corrugations generates an axial thrust on the edge 51 of the contiguous ring segments, the downstream of the free ends 216a and 218a so that the ring segments 50, 50 'are plated. axially against the downstream portion 62b of the casing 62.
• the positioning member 310 comprises a plate 312 provided with a bore 314 constituting a fixing portion for attachment to the casing 62.
• a pair of V-shaped arms 318, 320 extends in a bent portion 316 of this plate 312.
• the positioning member 310 is made of a material having a certain rigidity so that each arm 318, 320 constitutes a portion elastic forming compression spring. Indeed, it is understood that if one tries to spread the arms of one another, they exert a restoring force tending to bring the arms back to their original position, at rest. In other words, the arms 318, 320 act as leaf springs.
• the positioning member 310 is mounted, as seen in Figure 9, it is fixed to the housing 62 by a nut 322 similar to that of the first embodiment.
• Each arm is provided at its end 318a, 320a with a bearing portion in the form of a hook.
• the ends 318a, 320a of the pairs of arms 318 and 320 are intended to bear against the peripheral edge 51 so as to come to press the ring segments 50 and 50 'against the downstream portion 62b of the housing 62.
• the arms 318, 320 are slightly deformed so as to maintain an axial pressure against the ring segment 50.
• the position of the attachment point that is to say the nut or pin 322 , or the length of the arms 318,320 are chosen so as to obtain this effect.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
• Supercharger (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-11-21 FR FR0857904A patent/FR2938873B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-11-20 CN CN200980146475.9A patent/CN102224323B/zh active Active
  • 2009-11-20 CA CA2744413A patent/CA2744413C/fr active Active
  • 2009-11-20 ES ES09795477T patent/ES2423794T3/es active Active
  • 2009-11-20 KR KR1020117013877A patent/KR101723366B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2009-11-20 EP EP09795477.0A patent/EP2368017B1/de active Active
  • 2009-11-20 US US13/130,686 patent/US9051846B2/en active Active
  • 2009-11-20 PL PL09795477T patent/PL2368017T3/pl unknown
  • 2009-11-20 WO PCT/FR2009/052235 patent/WO2010058137A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2009-11-20 JP JP2011536932A patent/JP5628190B2/ja active Active
  • 2009-11-20 RU RU2011125322/06A patent/RU2516992C2/ru active

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